Shynjang qazaqtary ózderi qonystanghan baytaq dalany ata-babamyzdan qalghan ejelgi mekenimiz dep biledi. Sondyqtan da bolar, el basyna auyr kýn tughan qily kezenderde Qazaqstan jerinde qughyn-sýrgin kórgen qazaqtardyng kóbi solay qaray bosty. Ásirese kenester odaghynyng ornauyna baylanysty qyzyl imperiyanyng tis-tyrnaghynan qashqan talay bozdaq sondaghy qandastarynyng bauyryna panalady.

1916 jyly orystardyng (patshalyq Reseydin) әsker aluyna qarsy shyqqan alban ruy men qyrghyzdar qaruly kóterilis jasap qyrghyngha úshyrady. Búl tarihta «Qarqara kóterilisi» nemese «Alban qyrylghan» degen attarmen belgili. Qyrghyngha  úshyrap, jan saughalaghan 200 myngha tarta qazaq-qyrghyz art-artynan Shynjangha qashyp ótti. Albandar Ile ónirin mekendedi.

Jýsipbekqoja Shayhyslamúly, Áset Naymanbayúly sekildi әigili aqyndarmyzdyng qytay jerine qashyp ótui de osy jyldargha túspa-tús keledi. Osydan keyingi jerde 1917 - 1920 jyldar aralyghyndaghy Kenester odaghynyng ornauy men azamat soghysynyng oryn aluyna baylanysty aqtar men   qyzyldardyng qyrqysy túsynda da talay qazaq auyly bosqyndyq kýige tap boldy.

Shynjang qazaqtary ózderi qonystanghan baytaq dalany ata-babamyzdan qalghan ejelgi mekenimiz dep biledi. Sondyqtan da bolar, el basyna auyr kýn tughan qily kezenderde Qazaqstan jerinde qughyn-sýrgin kórgen qazaqtardyng kóbi solay qaray bosty. Ásirese kenester odaghynyng ornauyna baylanysty qyzyl imperiyanyng tis-tyrnaghynan qashqan talay bozdaq sondaghy qandastarynyng bauyryna panalady.

1916 jyly orystardyng (patshalyq Reseydin) әsker aluyna qarsy shyqqan alban ruy men qyrghyzdar qaruly kóterilis jasap qyrghyngha úshyrady. Búl tarihta «Qarqara kóterilisi» nemese «Alban qyrylghan» degen attarmen belgili. Qyrghyngha  úshyrap, jan saughalaghan 200 myngha tarta qazaq-qyrghyz art-artynan Shynjangha qashyp ótti. Albandar Ile ónirin mekendedi.

Jýsipbekqoja Shayhyslamúly, Áset Naymanbayúly sekildi әigili aqyndarmyzdyng qytay jerine qashyp ótui de osy jyldargha túspa-tús keledi. Osydan keyingi jerde 1917 - 1920 jyldar aralyghyndaghy Kenester odaghynyng ornauy men azamat soghysynyng oryn aluyna baylanysty aqtar men   qyzyldardyng qyrqysy túsynda da talay qazaq auyly bosqyndyq kýige tap boldy.

Ótken tarihtyng paraqtaryna ýnilgende Qytaydyng Altay jerindegi kereylerding arasyna baryp qaytqan agha súltan Qúnanbay: «Týbi bizding elding bir tiyanaghy osy el bolar-au» deytin sózin eske alsaq, Alash kósemderi Ahmet Baytúrsynúly (1873-1937), Mirjaqyp Dulat(1885-1935), Sadyq Amanjolov, Rayymjan Mәrsekov bastaghan toptyng 1918 jyly mamyrda Tarbaghataydyng Shәueshek qalasyna baryp qayqany da tegin bolmasa kerek. Ásetting osy bas qosuda shygharghan «Alashqa» atty ataqty ólen-tolghauy sol tarihtyng bir kuәsi bolyp bizge jetip otyr.

Múhametjan Tynyshbaev (1879-1937) jazghan «Qazaq» ýnqaghazynyng (gazetinin) 1917 jylghy 6-jeltoqsandaghy №254 sanynda: Qazaqstandaghy 44 bolys elde 47 myng 759 týtin bolghanyn, sodan qashqany 40 myng 250 týtin, qyrylghany 95 myng 200 jan ekendigin jazady. Al, endi bir derekterde 1927-1953 jyldar aralyghynda Qazaqstanda 103 myng adamnyng qughyngha úshyrap, 25 myng adamnyng atylghany, qazaqtardyng 42 payyzynyng ashtyqtan qyrylghany jәne bir miliongha jaqyn adamnyng bosyp ketkeni aitylady.

Endi bir derek kózining mәlimetinshe 1930-1933 jyldary negizinen qazaqtar túratyn auyl halqynyng 3 million 379, 5 myng adamgha kemigeni sóz bolady. Osy alapat asharshylyq jyldary Qazaqstan shekarasynan shyghyp, bosqynshylyqqa úshyraghan sharualar sany - 1 million 31 myngha jetkeni turaly da derek bar.

Al, amerikandyq tarihshy R. Konkvest qazaqtar arasyndaghy adam shyghyny jayynda óz zertteuinde: «1926 jylghy sanaq boyynsha Kenester Odaghynda 3 million 963 myng 300, 1939 jylghy sanaq boyynsha 3 million 100 myng 900 qazaq boldy. Sonda halyqtyng tabighy ósimin eskersek, asharshylyqtan, týrli qughyn-sýrginnen qazaqtar 1,5 milion adamdaryn joghaltqan. 1930 jyly halyq sany 4 million shamasynda boldy desek jәne dýniyege kelmegen nәrestelerdi, Qytaygha aughandardy esepten shygharyp tastaghannyng ózinde ashtyqtan ólgenderding sany 1millionnan kem týspeydi» dep jazady.

Demek atalghan mәlimetterge negizdelgende, Kenester odaghy qúrylghannan keyingi әr týrli soghys apattary men qughyn-sýrgin saldarynan shetel asyp ketkenderding jalpy sany 500 myng tónireginde bolsa, sonyng ishinde tek qana 1917 jyldan keyingi qytay asyp ketkenderining sanynyng ózi  200 mynnan asqan eken.

Stalinning biylik basyna kelgennen keyin ózine qarsylardyng kózin qúrtyp, partiyany ózining baghyty boyynsha isteuge júmyldyruymen júmys bastaghan Ishki Ister Halyq Komissariaty (NKVD) jazalaushy organ retinde tarih sahnasyna shyqqan edi.  Mine osynday qyzyl imperiyanyng qylyshynan qan tamyp túrghan shaghynda F. Goloshekinning (1876-1941) 1925-1933 jyldar aralyghynda qazaqstanda biylik jýrgizui  últ ziyalylarynyng basyna qaraly kezenning qarly dauylyn ýiirdi.

1925 jyly qyrkýiekte F.IY.Goloshekinning Qazaq ólkelik komiytetining birinshi hatshylyghyna kelui Respublikanyng qoghamdyq-sayasy ómirin kýrt ózgertip, qazaq halqyn zor qayghy qasiretke úshyratty. 1928 jyly 44 adam - «burjuaziyalyq-últshyldar» Á. Bókeyhanov, A. Baytúrsynov, M. Júmabaev, J. Aymauytov bar búrynghy Alashorda qayratkerleri tútqyndalsa, 1930 jyly M. Tynyshbaev, H.Dosmúhambetov bar taghy da 40-qa juyq adam týrmege jabyldy.1937-1938 jyldary búl ýrdis jappay etek aldy. Tipti bolishevikterge mýlde qarsy bolmaghan, sol ýkimetting soyylyn soghysqan T.Rysqúlov, O. Isaev, O. Jandosov, S. Seyfulliyn, I. Jansýgirov, S. Asfendiyarov, t.b. bastaghan qazaqtyng betke ústar azamattary da  qughyn-sýrginge úshyrap, barlyghy da atu jazasyna kesildi.

Búl zúlmattar aranyn kýn sayyn asha týsip, qazaq últshyldarynyng qomaqty bir toby kóktey orylyp, jetpey jatyp jelkesinen qiyldy.

Qazaqstandaghy súmdyq asharshylyq jayynda Stalinmen pikir alysqanda F.IY.Goloshekinnin: «Biz Stalinge Qazaqstandaghy adam tózgisiz asharshylyqtan býkil qazaq halqy qyryludyng az-aq aldynda túrghanyn aitqanymyzda, "Ol sary pәlelerden tek sonday joldarmen ghana qútylugha bolady" - dep jauap berdi», - degenining (Qazaq әdebiyeti, 01.12.2006) ózi-aq  zúlmattyng týp-tórkinining qayda jatqanyn aiqyn anghartsa kerek.

Osynday jantýrshigerlik tәsilmen  jýrgizilgen tәrkileu, Alash qozghalysy jetekshilerin jappay qudalau, tútqyndau, jer audaru jәne auylsharuashylyghyn zorlap újymdastyru, kýshtep otyryqshylandyru, qoldan jasalghan ashtyq sekildi zúlmattar saldarynan eli ýshin, jeri ýshin enbek etip jýrgen talay últ ziyalysy shet júrtqa bas saughalaugha mәjbýr boldy.  Qazaqstan jerindegi kóptegen qazaq auyldary art-artynan Shynjangha qashyp bardy.

Qytay asqandardyng kóp bólimi Ile, Tarbaghatay, Altay ónirindegi búrynnan bar qazaq bauyrlaryna baryp panalady.

Aytalyq 1929 jyly qazirgi Shyghys Qazaqstan jerinen Ábdikәrim bolys óz balalary Qambar, Shabdan, kýieu balasy Ghazez Qalbanov jәne Ysqaq IYzetúly, Tilenshi, Ábdirazaq, Qabdyrash, Mәmetek biyding nemereleri Aydarhan, Múhtarhan  bastaghan bir top adammen Qytay aumaghyna qarasty Altay aimaghyna qashyp ótken. Ábdikerim Erejepúly bolsa Sankt-Peterburg orman sharuashylyghy insitutynda oqyghan, Memlekettik Dumagha delegat retinde eki dýrkin qatysqan, 28 jyl boyy Semey guberniyasynyng Óskemen-Zaysan uezining Shynghystay bolysyn basqarghan, Alash partiyasynyng baghdarlamasyn jasaushylardyng biri edi. Óz kezinde Álihan Bókeyhan, Mústafa Shoqay, Súltanmahmút Torayghyrovtarmen de jaqyn ótken. Al balalary Qambar Sankt-Peterburgten zanger mamandyghy boyynsha uniyversiytet tauyssa, Shabdan Mәskeu kommersiyalyq insitutyn bitirgen bolatyn. Al kýieu balasy Ghazez Qalbanov Sankt-Peterburg uniyversiytetining zang fakulitetinen oqyp, prokuror, sot, advokat júmystaryn atqarghan edi.  Olar Altaygha barghannan keyin abaq kereyding tórt biyining birining múragerlik ornyndaghy Qanapiya Mәmiyúlynyn  auylyn panalap, barghan elining mәdeniyet isterine de ózindik ýlesterin qosty.

Stalindik zúlmattyng qandy qúryghy 1937 jyly Shynjang jerine deyin jetip, Qambar, Shabdan, Ghazez, Tilenshi, Ysqaq, Aydarhan, Múhtarhan, Sәlim Janazarov   bastaghan bir top adamdy Shyng Sysaydyng qolymen tútqyngha alyp Nobosibrisky týrmesinde óltirgen eken. Stalindik qughyn-sýrgin kenes odaghy jerimen shektelip qalmay jat júrtqa ketken qazaqtardyng sary izine shóp salyp, olardyng basynada aqyr zaman keltirip otyrghan. Shynjanda Shyng Sysay biylik qúrghan dәuirde búl zúlmat meylinshe asqynyp, qazaqtardyng qughyndaluy men týrmelenip-óltirilui eng jogharghy dengeyge jetken. Ol kezeng Aqyt Ýlimjiúly, Shәriphan Kógedaev  bastaghan el serkelerining basyn alyp, Tanjaryq Joldyúlyn tar zyndangha tastaghan auyr qasiretimen este qaldy.  1917 jyldan 1958 jylgha deyingi Shynjanda jýrilgen kóptegen sayasy qozghalystar men qyrghyndaulardyng týgelge juyghy «kenes odaghynyng senariyi» boyynsha jýrdi nemese sol zúlmattyng qytaylyq beynelenui bolyp otyrdy.

Qughyn-sýrgin saldarynan Qytay jerine qashyp ótken endigi bir top Shәkerim qajy auylynyng adamdary edi. 1931 jyly 2 qazan kýni Shәkerim qajy Qarasartov jaghynan jazyqsyz atylghan son, Ziyat Shәkәrimúly, Berdesh Ázimbayúly Tәkejanov, Mәnәkesh Ázimbayúly, Qojaqapan, Tóleuqazy qatarlylar әueli Tarbaghataygha, onan song Altaygha qashyp barady. Ókinishke oray, Ziyatta 1938 jyly Stalindik búiryqtyng qúly bolghan Shyng Sysay jaghynan qolgha alynyp, iz-týzsiz joghaltyldy. Berdesh Ázimbayúly kenes odaghy men qytay arasyndaghy dostyq túsynda yaghnyy 1956 jyly Ziyattynúly Merekeni ertip, Qazaqstangha oraldy.

Búdan basqa ilgerili-keyindi bolyp Altaygha jan saughalap barghan Seyitqazy Núrtaev, Kәrim Dýisebay, Sәlim Janazarov, Myrzahmet, Qúsayyn, Ahmetqaly Jaysanbaev, Júptybay Saghyndyqov Altaydan basqa jerlerdi panalaghan Rayymjan Mәrsekov qatarly asyldyng qiyqtary bar edi. Olardyng da aldy bolys bolsa, arty uniyversiytet tauysqan asyl tekti túqymnan taraghan asa bilimdi jandar bolghan. Búlardan syrt Mústafa Shoqay bastaghan alys-juyq shetelderge bas saughalaghan qazaq ziyalylary da az bolghan joq. Tipti ekinshi dýniyejýzilik soghys kezinde tentirep ketken Mәjit Aytbaev siyaqty túlghalar otanyna orala almay ómir-baqy zarlap ótti.

Aty atalghandar ghana emes, ilgerindi keyindi Kenester Odaghy ózine qarsy oq atqan nemese qashyp ketken әr pendening sary izine shóp salyp, 1938, 1939, 1940 jyldary barghan elderinde art-artynan qolgha aldyrdy, qyrghyndady. Búl qandy jazalau Monghol jerindegi qazaqtar arasynda da jalghasyn tapty.

Jogharyda aitylghan qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandarynyng biri Ahmetqaly Jaysanbaevqa azyraq toqtalar bolsaq, әkesi Jaysanbay asa sauatty, bay kisi bolyp, qazirgi Shyghys Qazaqstan jerinde 12 jyl bolys bolghan eken. Ahmetqaly «bay, kulak, halyq jauy» sekildi jalalarmen qolgha alynyp Óskemen týbindegi «Kreposti» týrmesine týsedi. Týrmeden qashyp shyghyp, olda Ór Altay jerine tartady. Onda barghan song Halifa Altaydyng ústazy bolyp «Altaydan Anadolygha» bosqan elmen birge ketedi. 1943 jyly Pәkstannyng Dir aimaghynyng Jandul degen jerinde aurudan qaytys boldy. Balalary Qazaqstan, Qytay, Týrkiya ýsh elge shashylyp,  torghayday tozdy.

Búl arada Ahmetqaligha oray aita keterlik bir jaghday býgingi Europa qazaqtarynyng qalyptasuyna sebep bolghan Qytaydaghy qazaqtardyng Týrkiyagha qaray kóshui - shyn mәninde kenes qyzyldarynan qashudan bastalghan bolatyn. 1934-1941 jyldar arlyghyndaghy Elsihan batyrdyng bastauyndaghy kósh turaly aitar bolsaq, músylman elderin, týrki halqyn betke alyp qyzyl imperiyadan qútylatyn jalghyz esik - Ýndistan, Pakstan, Aughanstan arqyly Týrkiyagha ótu bolghan. Demek, kenes odaghy teritoriyasynda otyrghan qazaqtar ghana emes, dýniyeni jalmaghan qyzyl tasqynnan qashqan qandastarymyz Taklamakan shólin kesip, Gimalay tauyn asyp jer sharynyng týkpir-týkpirine taryday shashyldy.

Osynyng bәrin aityp, azda bolsa jeke adamdar taghdyryna toqtaluymyz kenestik zúlmattyng kesirlerining qanday bolghanyn kórsetu edi. Qazaq syndy qaysar halyq taghdyrdyng qiyn synaghyna kóbirek týsip, ózining erlik ruhyn dәleldeu ýshin orys jәne qytay syndy eki alpauyt elding arasynda әdeyi ómir sýrip jatqan siyaqty. Búl halyqty jer betinen qúrtyp jibermekshi bolghan әlemning qojasyna ainalmaq bolghan kenestik biylik te óz týbine ózi jetip, týp-tamyrymen qoparyla qúlady. Tarihtyng jenilisine úshyrady.

Taryday shashylghan qandy tarihymyzdyng qaytalamauyn tilesek te, tasqa basylghan erligimizdi eshkimning óshire almaytynyna maqtanghymyz keletininde de shýbә joq! Óitkeni biz komunizimning qyp-qyzyl órtine kerilgen qyl kópirden sýrinbey ótip, imperiyalardyng әriptesine ailalghan QAZAQ degen halyqpyz.

Jәdy ShÁKEN,

jazushy.