Osynyng aldynda jariyalaghan maqalamyzda qazirgi Qazaqstan Músylmandar Diny Basqarmasy atynan shyghyp, uaghyz aityp jýrgen A.Quanyshbaevtyng uaghyzdary qazaqtyng dәstýrli diny tanymyna say kelmeytinin jazghan bolatynbyz.  Býgin biz sol ýrdisti jalghastyryp, qazirgi kýni qazaq jastaryna yqpaly bar, diny tanymdy qalyptastyrugha barynsha atsalysyp jýrgen Abdighappar Smanovtyng uaghyzdaryna taldau jasap, kimning kim ekenin anyqtap berudi aldymyzgha maqsat etip qoydyq. Óitkeni, jastardyng diny tanymy ózgerip, qazaqtyng dәstýrli diny tanymynan basqasha qalyptasatyn bolsa, onda qazaq halqy tarihtan ketetini, qazaq halqy ghasyrlar boyy qalyptasqan mәdeniyetinen ajyrap, tarih sahnasyna basqa halyq shyghatyny, dәleldeudi qajet etpeytin aksioma ekendigin múnyng aldyndaghy maqalada da eskertken edik. Sondyqtan  búl uaghyzshylardyng uaghyzdaryna taldau jasap, dúrysyn qoldap, búrysynyng qateligin kórsetu qazirgi kýnning ózekti mәselelerining biri dep aitsaq artyq aitqandyq emes.

Abdighappar Smanovtyng halyq arasynda, qazirgi kýngi zamandastarymyz arasynda keng etek jayyp bara jatqan daraqylyq, ruhany azghyndyq, qyzdarymyzdyng tәrbiyesiz bolyp bara jatqandyghyna qarsy uaghyzdar aityp, halyqty tura jolgha shaqyruyn halyq ta, biz de dúrys qabyldaymyz, qoldaymyz. Alayda, A.Smanov tek múnymen shektelip jatyr ma? Joq. Sonymen birge ol qazaq halqynyng ghasyrlar boyy qalyptasqan diny tanym negizderine de ayausyz soqqy berude. Men óz basym búl jigitting uaghyzdaryna taldau jasau ýshin birshama uaghyzdaryn tyndap, olardyng arasynan kóp emes, bir uaghyzyn ghana aldym. Sonyng ózi-aq A.Smanovtyng diny tanym negizderining qay baghytta ekendiginen tolyq habar beredi. Endi solargha kezegimen toqtalyp, ol uaghyzdardaghy qazaqtyng dәstýrli diny tanymyna say kelmeytin mәselelerge kezek berelik.

A.Smanov «Pirge qol beru» degen uaghyzynda bylay deydi: «Qazir pirge qol beru degen shyghyp jatyr. Olar «Pirsizding piri shaytan» deydi. Kim de kim pirge qol beretin bolsa, kәpir bolady. Qazirgi pirler pir emes, shaytan. Pir degenimiz parsysha ústaz degendi bildiredi. .... Birde Omar ibn Hattab minbargha shyghyp aitty: «Men aralaryndaghy jaqsylaryng emespin. Biraq meni ózdering qalaghan song halifa boldym. Eger men Qúran men Hadisten shyghatyn bolsam,- degeninde, bir adam túryp, «-Ey, Omar»,- dedi, «-Eger sen Qúran men Hadisten shyghatyn bolsan, seni myna qylysh sening basyndy alady, turalap qoyady,»-dedi. Múhammed Payghambar kimge qol beripti. Abu Bәkir kimge qolyn sýidirgen? Shaytannyng joly jenil aghayyndar. Payghambar hadiysin oqyp jatyrmyz. Olardyng ishinde pirge qol beru, pirding qolyn sýng degen joq. Payghambar aitty: «Sen biz qysqa súraq berdin. Biraq múnyng maghynasy úzaq. Allagha iman keltirgin. Eshqashan Allagha serik qospaghyn»,- dedi.  Pirge qol beremin dep, Allagha serik qosady. Bәlkim, Alla saqtasyn. Alla subhanaka Taghala, Allany bir dep biliniz, oghan eshqanday serik qospanyz. Biz Allagha adamzattyng úlyghy Payghambardy serik etip qosa almaymyz. Áuliye, pir kim ol? Pirsymaqtar kóbeyip ketken. Olar shaytandar.» Mine, A.Smanov myrzanyng uaghyzy osy baghytta. Egerde osy uaghyzdy qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymy negizderimen salystyra taldap kóretin bolsaq, onda búl uaghyzdaghy aitylghan pikirlerding qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymyn tolyghymen joqqa shygharyp otyrghandyghyn kóruimizge bolady. Eng bastysy A.Smanovtyng diny tanymy da Ahl al-Hadis ókilderi qalyptastyrghan arab dәstýrshildigimen shektelgenining kuәsi bolamyz. Eshqanday diny tanymdaghy ilgerileushilikti qabyl ete almau, halyqtardyng ruhaniy-mәdeny bolmysyndaghy boluy tiyis erekshelikterdi joqqa shygharyp, arab halqynyng VII-VIII ghasyrdaghy ruhaniy-mәdeny bolmysymen ólsheu. Odan keyingi kezendegi barlyq adamzat qoghamynyng qol jetkizgen jetistigining barlyghyn biydghat retinde qarastyryp, joqqa shygharu. Búl túrghydan aitylghan uaghyzdyng qazaq halqynyng ruhaniy-mәdeny bolmysyna tolyghymen qarsy keletinin ótken maqalada eskertip ótkenbiz. Búl maqala shenberinde de sol mәselelerdi basqa qyrynan talday otyryp, qazirgi QMDB ústanyp otyrghan baghyttyng qazaq halqynyng ruhaniy-mәdeny bolmysyna qarsy ekendigin kópshilikting kózin jetkizu.

Birinshiden, qazirgi dindarlardyng sopylyqtyng ishki mәni men mazmúnyna kire admaytynyn, arab dәstýrshildigi shenberine syimaytyn kez-kelgen tanymdy joqqa shygharatynyn, Hanafy mazhabyndaghy halyqtyng tanymy arab dәstýrshildiginen mýlde bólek ekendigin týsine almauy. Sopy QMDB dindarlary tanymynda tek Allagha qúlshylyq etuden bas kótermeytin, basqamen isi joq, tek ózin ghana biletin pende. Osynday jolda jýrgenderdi sopylyq jol ókilderi dep tanidy. Búl shyndyghynda solay ma? Sopylyq jol qalay shyqty? Sebebi ne?- degen súraqtargha jauap beriler bolsa, bizding dindarlardyng týsinigindegi sopylyq pen shyn sopylyq arasynda ýlken aiyrmashylyq barlyghyna kóz jetkizgen bolar edik. Islam ghúlamalary sopylyq ilimning payda boluyn Payghambar men onyng sahabalarynan, olardyng izbasarlarynan keyin islam dinining quatynyng әlsireuimen baylanystyrady. Sopylyqty zertteushi Abd al-Qadyr Isa:  «Búl jaghday olardyng ishindegi ruhany joghary dәrejege jetkenderin sopylyq ilimdi jasaugha iytermeledi. Búl kezde din ýshin [sopylyq ilimning shyghuy] asa manyzdy boldy jәne búl islamdaghy joghalyp  bara jatqan ruhanilyqty qayta qalpyna keltiruge mýmkindik berdi,- deydi [1, s. 10]. Biraq búl sopylyq islamnan keyin shyqty degendi bildirmeydi. Biz enbegine silteme jasap otyrghan Abd al-Qadyr Isa sopylyqtyng shyghuy turaly doktor Ahmed Alivashtyng myna pikirin keltiredi: «Kóptegen adamdar islamnyng alghashqy kezinde sopylyq turaly esh habar joqtyghyn, onyng Payghambar men Payghambar sahabalary, olardyng izbasarlary ómirden ketken song ghana payda bolu sebebin súraydy. Búl súraqqa jauap mynaday. Islamnyng alghashqy ghasyrynda sopylyqqa eshqanday qajettilik bolghan joq. Óitkeni, ol kezde Qúdaydan qorqatyn, onyng jolynda jýrgen adamdar kezeni edi. Olar bar jan-tәnimen Allagha berilgen bolatyn. Sebebi, olar Payghambardyng tikeley yqpalynda boldy. Onyng sahabalary bar jan-tәnimen Payghambargha úqsaghysy keldi. Sondyqtan olargha ózderin qúdaygha jaqyndatyn sopylyq ilimning qajeti bolghan joq. Sebebi, olardyng bәri sol jolda qyzmet etushiler edi» [1, s. 8-9]. Demek, búl sopylyq ilim sol Payghambar zamanynyng ózinde payda bolghanyn,  biraq ilim retinde qalyptasuy, shyghuy islam dinindegi ruhanilyqty qayta qalpyna keltirumen baylanysty ekendigin kórsetedi. Sonymen birge, Múhammmet Payghambardyng ózi Islamnyng ýsh negizining biri sopylyq ekendigin aitqandyghy turaly Omar Ibn Hattabtan jazyp alynghan hadiste anyq kórsetilgen. Bir kýni Múhammet payghambar (s.a.s) sahabalarymen otyrghanda. Aralarynda Omar ibn Hattab ta bar. Ýstine appaq kiyim kiygen bir kisi kirip  kelip, Payghambargha (s.a.s): «Islam degenimiz ne? Iman degenimiz ne? Ihsan degenimiz ne?»- degen ýshi súraq qoyady. Sonda Payghambar (s.a.s): «Islam – moyynúsynu, baghynu, bas ii; iman – senim, núr, kózqaras; ihsan – búl dinning shyn jýrekten shyqqandyghynyng kepili,»- dep jauap beredi. Ol kisi shyghyp ketkennen keyin Payghambar sahabalaryna «Búl kelgen kisi Jabrail (a.s) edi. Senderge dinderindi ýiretuge keldi,»- deydi. Osyndaghy ýshinshi súraq «Ihsan» sopylyq turaly bolatyn. [1, s.40]  Sopylyq ilim әr kezde adam balasyndaghy oi-pikir men is-әreketining tazalyghyn, jýregining tazalyghyn talap etti jәne sopylyq ilim ózining maqsat–múratyna jetu jolynda әr kezde Qúran ayattaryna arqa sýiedi. Onda sopylardyng qalay jýrip-túruy anyq kórsetilgen. Qúran ayattarynda bylay delinedi: «Qiyamet kýni Mening aldymda senderge mal-mýlik, perzent, baq-dәuletterinnen eshqanday payda joq. Tek, ol adam Maghan taza jýregimen kelse ghana payda bar» [(88:89) ]. Payghambar hadiysinde de jýrek tazalyghyna kóp mәn berilgen. Ol bylay deydi: «Denede júdyryqtay bir kesek et bar. Eger ol taza bolsa – býkil dene taza bolyp, óte kórkem bolady. Eger ol búzylyp, haqtan tayyp, jaman jolgha ketse, býkil dene búzylady. Bilinder jәne óte múqiyat bolyndar, onyng aty – jýrek!»[299]. Endi bir hadiysinde «Aqiqatynda Alla Taghala sizderding týrlerinizge jәne baylyqtarynyzgha  nazar salmaydy, biraq ta jýrekterinizge qaraydy» - deydi [43, s. 13]. Qúrannyng ayattary men Payghambardyng hadisterine sýiengen  sopylyq ilimning negizgi maqsaty adam jýregin jamandyqtan saqtap, taza ústaugha baghyttalghanyn, sol jýrek tazalyghy arqyly adamzat qoghamyn shyndyq pen әdilet jolyna, ruhany tazalyqqa tәrbiyeleytinin kóruge bolady. Sol jýrektegi ruhany tazalyq qalay qalyptasty? Sopylar imandy bekitu jolynda jýrekti qalay iske qosty? Mine, osy súraqtargha jauap taba alsaq, onda sopylyq ilimning mәni men maghynasyn týsinetindey dengeyge kóterile alamyz. Endigi kezekte osy mәselege kenirek toqtalyp kórelik.

Biz ótkende Abu Hanifa Imam Aghzamnyng din men sharighatty ekige bólip qarastyrghanyn aitqan bolatynbyz. Ol «Dinderine bekem bolyndar. Nuhqa tapsyrghan dindi saghan da uahy etkenimizdi, Ibrahimge, Músagha jәne Isagha bergenderimizdi Alla saghan da din etip berdi.»(Shura, 42/13),  «Ey, muminder, әr birine bir sharighat, bir jol berdik. Alla qalasa, senderding barlyghyndy bir ýmmet jasar edi.» (Maida, 5/48), «Allanyng dinin eshqanday ózgertuge bolmaydy. Shyndyghynda din bireu»[ Rum, 30/30]  Ol Qúran ayattaryna sýiene otyryp, din men sharighatty bólip kórsetken edi. Sondyqtan da Abu Hanifanyng búl tújyrymyna qarsy shyghu mýmkin emes. Din jalpy adamzat balasyna ortaq Jaratushynyng Barlyghy men Birligine senim men adam ruhyna qajetti ilimder jýiesi bolsa, al, sharighat belgili bir qauymnyn, halyqtyng qoghamdyq qatynastaryn rettep otyratyn zandar jiyntyghy. Biraq búl sharighat-zandar jiyntyghy da ózdiginen payda bolmaydy. Ol da Allanyng әmirimen tәnirlik tәrtippen ýilestirile qalyptastyrylady. Dýniyedegi jaratylghan bar halyqqa Alla Taghala ózining payghambarlaryn jiberip, әr halyqtyng ómir sýrip jatqan tabighy ortasyna qaray,  ereksheligine qaray ylayyqty sharighatyn bergen. Qazirgi әr halyqtyng ózin erekshelep túratyn әdet-ghúryp salt-dәstýrleri osy sharighattar negizinde qalyptasyp, әr halyqtyng ózindik qaytalanbas erekshelikterin qalyptastyrdy. Áriyne múnyng bәri diny senim negizderimen sabaqtastyqta damydy. Búdan shyghatyn qorytyndy – sharighat negizinen tәnge, fizikalyq bolmysyna qatysty mәselelerdi qarastyratyn zandar jýiesi. Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyz «Sharighat syrt aghzalarmen amal etu bolsa, tariqat – «qalb-jýrekpen», yaghny kónilmen amal etu degen sóz, al haqiqat degeniniz – syrmen (jýrekting týbindegi substansiya, kónil) amal etu bolyp tabylady, - deydi. Demek, sharighattyng adam aghzasyna, tәnine qatysty qajettilikterdi qamtamasyz etedi eken. Al, din bolsa, tәnge emes jangha-ruhqa qatysty bolmys eken. Al, ruhtyng orny, mekeni jýrek ekendigi barshagha mәlim bolsa kerek. Qúranda Alla Taghalanyng «Qiyamet kýni Mening aldymda senderge mal-mýlik, perzent, baq-dәuletterinnen eshqanday payda joq. Tek, ol adam Maghan taza jýregimen kelse ghana payda bar» [88:89] dep, talap etuining ózi osyghan baylanysty bolghandyghyn joqqa shygharugha bolmas. Sopylar tek sharighatpen shektelmey, jýrekpen amal etudi, sol arqyly adam ruhyn jetildiru jolynda bar ómirlerin arnady. Olar zikir ghibadatyn mengerdi jәne ózderining búl әreketterin Qúran ayattarynda kórsetilgen talapqa say iske asyrdy. Búl turaly Qúran Kәrimning «Azhab» sýresinde mynaday ayattar bar: «Ey, iman keltirgender! Allany kóbirek eske alyndar! Tanerteng jәne keshke jalbarynyp, tilek tilender (óitkeni, osy eki mezgilde perishte pendeler arasynda bolady) [41-42]. Senderdi qaranghydan jaryqqa shygharu ýshin osy kezde Alla rahmetin senderge baghyshtaydy. Onyng perishteleri de senderge jarylqau tilep túrady. Mýminder ýshin Tәnir óte meyrimdi[43]. Allanyng aldyna barghanda olargha aitatyny «Sәlem» degen sóz. Búl olargha Allanyng tamasha syy dayyndaghany[44]». Sopylar zikir ghibadaty kómegimen ruhty tanugha, tiriltuge, belsendi kýshke ainaldyru jolynda Allany madaq etti. Olar maqsatttaryna jetip, ruhtyng qabattaryn iygere otyryp, óz ruhtaryn Allamen qauyshtyru qúrmetine ie boldy. Allanyng dostary-әuliyeler osylay qalyptasty. Áuliyeler turaly Qúran Kәrimning «ngunus» sýresining 62 ayatynda «Allanyng dostaryna esh qauip-qater joq, әri olar qayghyrmaydy», -dep jazylghan. Áuliye-Mansur Hallaj Aqiqatty tanyp, Jaratushysyn tapqanda ol «Ana al-Haq» dep, әlemge jar saldy. Ol sol ýshin jazalanyp, dar aghashyna tartylyp, keskilep óltirildi. Al, Rabiya Adauiya bolsa, Allagha «Maghan jәnnatyng da, tozaghyng da kerek emes. Maghan tek sening Didaryng qajet» dedi. Sonday dәrejege әuliyeler óz ruhtaryn Allamen qauyshtyru arqyly ghana jetti. Al, ruhtyng ózi  Allanyng adam balasyna bergen amanaty ekendigi, ol Qúrandaghy  «Sәjde» sýresinde anyq aitylghan. Ol sýrede: «Ol adamdy lay-balshyqtan jaratty. Onyng nәsilderin bir tamshy sudan payda qyldy. Sosyn, ony ayaghynan túrghyzyp, oghan Óz ruhynan ýrledi. Ol sender ýshin qúlaq, kóz, jýrekterdi payda qyldy.»[32/8-9]. Sonday-aq, «Al-Hidjr» sýresindegi myna ayattarda «Mine, sening IYeng perishtelerge aitty: «Men adamdy belgili bir formagha keltirilgen synghyrlaghan balshyqtan jasaymyn. Men ony tik túrghyzyp, oghan Mening ruhymnan ýrlegen kezde, sender iyilip sәlem berinder»-dedi. Jәne barlyq perishterler iyilip sәlem berdi»[15/28-30] Demek, adam ruhy – Allanyng adam balasyna bergen amanaty. Ruhtyng Allanyng amanaty ekendigi «Baqara»  sýresindegi  «Biz shyndyghynda Allagha tiyesilimiz jәne biz Oghan oralamyz»[2/151] ayatymen adam ruhynyng qaydan keletini jәne qaytadan qayda baratyny anyq aitylyp túr. Olay bolatyn bolsa, ruh-әruaqtyng shyghu tegin Allanyng ózinen izdeuimiz kerek. Allanyng dostary-әuliyler óz ruhtaryn tiriltip, belsendi ruhqa ainaldyrdy. Belsendi ruh Alla men adam arasyn baylanystyra alatyn kópirge ainaldy. Al búghan Qúran Kәrimde dәlel bar ma? Bar!  Úly Jaratushy «Maida» sýresining otyz besinshi ayatynda «Ey, iman keltirgender! Alladan qorqyndar jәne oghan jaqyn bolatyn joldy izdender jәne onyng jolynda kýresinder, sonda, әriyne qútylasyndar», - deydi. Qoja Ahmet Yasauy әuliyelerding Alla men adam arasyn jalghastyratyn kópirge ainalu mәselesi turaly bylay deydi: 

Haq uәsiline jeteyin deseng zary qylghyn,

Zikirin aityp, jarandargha jary bergin.

Japa tartyp, jarandardan ýles alghyn,

Ýles almay didaryn kórer me eken?[1]

Demek, әuliyelerding ruhy eshqashan ólmeydi. Alla men adam arasyn jalghastyrushy kópir qyzmetin atqarady. Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyz ózi oiyn búdan ary qaray bylay tújyrymdaydy:

Shyn ghashyqtar dәiim tiri ólgen emes,

Áruaqtary jer astyna kirgen emes.

Zahiyd, abid búl maghynany bilgen emes,

Shyn ghashyqtar halayyqtyng Qyzyry bolar[2].

 Nemese

Alla ýshin janyn bergen zaya qalmas,

Eki әlem oghan bostan, әrkez ólmes.

Shyn ghashyqtyng syry qúpiya, halyq bilmes,

Kóz jasyn kuә qylyp jýrer bolar[3].

Yasauiyding búl Hikmetteri әuliyeler turaly Qúran Kәrimning «ngunus» sýresindegi «Allanyng dostaryna esh qauip-qater joq, әri olar qayghyrmaydy»[4], -degen Qúran ayatymen maghynalas ekendigin kóruge bolady. Olay bolsa, әruaq, әulie eshqanday Allagha serik qosu bolyp tabylmaydy. Óitkeni, әruaq Allanyng ózine tiyesili jaratylysy. Olay bolmaghanda, perishtelerge «...oghan Mening ruhymnan ýrlegen kezde, sender iyilip sәlem berinder»- dep aitpaghan bolar edi. Sondyqtan әruaqty Alladan bólip qarastyrugha bolmaydy. Onyng ýstine Alla Taghalanyng adam balasyn әruaqtar arqyly qoldaytyny Qúran ayattarynda aiqyn kórsetilgen. Mysaly, «Baqara» sýresining 87 jәne 153 ayattarynda «Uә aiadnahu by ruhiy-l qudus» - «Biz ony pәk Áruaqpen, qasiyetti Áruaqpen qoldadyq» degen Allanyng sózin eshkim joqqa shyghara almaydy. Múnday maghynadaghy Qúran ayattary «Maida» sýresining 110-ayatynda, «Mujadala» sýresining 22-ayatynda da bar ekendigin kóremiz. Al, Jýsip» sýresining 87-ayatynda «Yә tәiassu min ruhhillah» - «Allanyng Áruaghynan, Alla jaratqan Áruaqtan ýmitterindi ýzbender, bas tartpandar»- dep әmir etti. Osy ayattyng sonynda: «Innәhu lә yayassu min ruhillәhy illә qaumu-l  kәfiriyn» - «Alla jaratqan әruaqtan, Allanyng әruaghynan kәpir qauymdar ghana ýmitin ýzedi» dep, Áruaqtan bas tartqandar kәpirler qauymynan bolatynyn eskertti. Olay bolsa, «Áruaq,әuliye» dese «Allagha serik qosu bolady»- dep jalaulatyp jýrgen A.Smanov, A. Quanyshbaev, t.b. QMDB uaghyzshylaryn biz kim dep biluimiz kerek?

Áruaq, әulie turaly tanym qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymynyng negizi ekendigin, Áruaq pen әuliyeden bas tartu qazaq halqynyng Islamdyq negizderinen bas tartu ekendigin býgin týsine almasaq, onda ertengi kýni, ruhani, mәdeny bolmysynan tolyq ajyraghan, jýrek kózi bekitilgen, oilau qabiletin airylghan, tek, belgili qaghidalar shenberimen ghana jýretin halyq emes, mәngýrt tobyr úrpaqtyng dýniyege keletini anyq. Búl qazaq halqyn tarihtan ketiruding tóte joly ekendigi aitpasa da týsinikti. Qazaq halqyn sol qaterden qútqaryp, qasiretting aldyn alu - býgingi kýnning ózekti mәselesine ainalyp otyr. Osy maqsatty býgin iske asyru – qazaqty ózin ózine tanytu arqyly ghana iske asady. Sondyqtan, endigi kezekte osy «Áruaq, әuliye» qatysty tanym negizderi qalay qalyptasty?  Onyng qazaq halqynyng ruhani, mәdeny bolmysyndaghy orny qayday degen súraqtargha jauap berip kórelik.

Yasauy ilimin filosofiyalyq túrghydan zerttegen Dosay Kenjetay Yasauiyding «kemel adam» tújyrymdasyna taldau jasay otyryp: «Ózin ózi tanu» ústanymy ózining ishki әlemining jeti qyryn anyqtap, terendep tanu arqyly adamnyng Allagha ashyluyn maqsat etse, «Ólmes búryn ól» ústanymy – adamnyng moralidyq-etikalyq jәne sopylyq ruhaniy-tәjiriybelik talaptar shenberinde tәrbiyelenip, Allanyng sipattarymen somdaluyna negizdelgen. Búl eki ústanym birin-biri tolyqtyryp túratyn teoriyalyq jәne tәjiriybelik qyrlar emes, ekeui birtútas. Yasauy iliminde osy tútastyqtyng mәni «yaqiyn», yaghny absoluttik tanym kategoriyasy arqyly ashylghan[5],» - deydi jәne búl absoluttik tanymnyng jeti satydan túratynyn aitady. Olar: ism-ul-yaqiyn, rasm-ul yaqiyn, ‘ilm-ul yaqiyn, ‘ayn-ul yaqiyn, haqq-ul yaqiyn, haqiqat-ul haqq-il yaqiyn, Allah-ul haqq-l yaqiyn.[6] Búl qabattardyng әrqaysysy on myng perdeden túratynyn, barlyghy jetpis myng perde barlyghyn, sol jetpis myng perdeden ótken adamnyng әuliyelik dәrejege kóterilitinin Yasauy babamyz ózining «Paqyr-nama» atty shygharmasynda jazghan bolatyn. Osy tanymdyq qabattardy qazirgi kýni kvanttyq fizikanyng súiyq denelerdi zertteytin salasy adam ruhynyn(janynyn) da qabattary ekendigin dәleldep otyr. Sol jeti nәzik qabattan túratyn adam janyn bylay ataydy: 1.Efirli dene. 2. Astralidi dene. 3.Mentalidi dene. 4. Kauzalidi dene. 5. Intuitivti dene. 6. Aspan denesi. 7. Tәj dene.[7]  Osy nәzik jeti qabattan túratyn denelerding adamnyng jany men tәni ajyraghannan keyingi qozghalysyn bylaysha sipattaydy. Efirli dene – adam qaytys bolghan kýnnen keyin toghyzynshy kýni óledi. Astralidi dene – adam qaytys bolghan song qyrqynshy kýni óledi. Mentalidy dene adam qaytys bolghannan keyin toqsanynshy kýni óledi[8]. Egerde biz osy kvanttyq fizika ghylymynyng ashqan janalyqtaryn qazaq halqynyng qaytys bolghan kisini jóneltuge qatysty әdet-ghúryptarymen salystyra qaraytyn bolsaq, onda ekeuining arasynda tikeley sabaqtastyq barlyghyn kóruimizge bolady. Qaytys bolghan kisining jetisi beriledi, qyrqy beriledi, odan keyin jýzi beriledi, jyly beriledi. Demek, qazaq halqynyng әdet-ghúryptary qaytys bolghan kisining ruhynyng qozghalysyn negizge alyp, olardyng qozghalysyna baylanysty ruhtyng әr qabatymen qoshtasu rәsmin ótkizedi. Múnyng ózi qazaq halqynyng ruh-әruahqa qatysty salt-dәstýrlerining qiyaldan shygharylmaghandyghyn, diny negizi barlyghyn jәne islam dini negizderimen sabaqtastyqta qalyptasqandyghyn kórsetedi. Búlargha qosa qazirgi kýni qoldanysta bar, biraq sebebi belgisiz qanshama qazaqtyng әdet-ghúryptary bar. Mysaly, jana tuylghan nәresteni qyrqynan shygharu, beysenbi, júma sayyn әruaqtargha arnalyp jeti nan berilui, taghy sonday ghúryptardyng da osy ruhtyng qozghalysyna baylanysty qalyptasqan aituymyzgha bolady. Búl Yasauy negizin salghan tariqat jolynyng ayasy tym ken, tanymy teren, ghylymy negizi bolghandyghynan, eki dýniyening isinen habary bolghandyghyn kórsetedi. Búl mysaldar qazaq halqynyng diny dýniyetanymy men islamdyq salt-dәstýrleri tek sharighat shenberimen shektelmeytinin, tariqat joly arqyly da qalyptasqandyghyn kórsetedi. Sol sebepti, sharighat shenberinde ghana bilim alyp, halyq aldyna shyghyp jýrgen imamdardyng qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymy men әdet-ghúryp, salt-dәstýrlerining týpki mәnin týsine almauy zandy qúbylys. Óitkeni, ol imamnyng oghan bilimi de, óresi de jetpeydi.

Týrik halyqtarynyng islamdyq diny tanym negizderin qalyptastyrghan Abu Hanifa din men sharighattyn, Iman men Islamnyng aralaryn naqtylap kórsetip berdi. Imam Maturidy bolsa, Allany tantu ýshin naqyl men aqyldy, sezim jýiesin qosa otyryp, Allanyng danalyghyn tanytty. Al, Qoja Ahmet Yasauy bolsa, Abu Hanifa men Imam Maturidiyding salghan joldaryn paydalana otyryp, din men sharighat arasyndaghy erekshelikting ishki mazmúnyn ashyp, әr halyqtyng arab dәstýrshildigin qabyldamay-aq, músylman boluy, ózining salt-dәstýri men әdet-ghúrypyn saqtap qalu mýmkindigin kórsetip berdi. Ol naqyl men aqylgha, sezim jýiesine jýrekti meken qylghan ruhty qosty. Sóitip, adam balasynyng Allany tanu mýmkindigin odan ary keneytti. Islam әlemi óz damuynyng jana satysyna qadam basty. Abu Hanifa men Imam Maturidy joly Yasauiyding sopylyqty tariqat dәrejesine kótergennen keyin keninen taraldy. Óitkeni, Islam әlemi halyqtary islam dininde bola túryp ta, әr halyq ózining dәstýrli mәdeniyetin saqtap qaluy mýmkindigi bar ekendigine kóz jetkizgen bolatyn. Qoja Ahmet Yasauy islam dinindegi Imangha qatysty bes paryzdy alyp, sharighatty-qoghamdyq qatynastardy retteu jolyn tolyghymen týrikterding kóneden kele jatqan dәstýrine berdi. Óitkeni, búl úzaq ghasyrlar boyyna synaqtan ótken, týrik qoghamynyng ózindik ereksheligin saqtaugha mýmkindik beretin jol edi. Odan keyingi kezende búl joldy Islam tarihynda «Múhammedting dini, Ahmetting joly»[9] deytin boldy. Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyding búl tәjirbesinen ózge halyqtardyng ókilderi de ýlgi alyp, jeke tariqattar qúryp, óz halyqtarynyng ruhaniy-mәdeny bolmystaryn qaytadan qalpyna keltire bastady. Búl bir týrik halqynyng ghana emes, býkil islam dinin qabyldaghan halyqtardyng ózining tili men dәstýrlerin qayta qalpyna keltirip, ruhany tәuelsizdigin qalpyna keltiruge mýmkindik berdi. Osylay Abu Hanifa mazhaby men Imam Mautridy mazhabtary Islam әlemine keninen taraluyna mýmkindik aldy. Endigi kezekte Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyding týrikting ruhany derbestigin qaytip qalpyna keltirgendigi turaly mәselege kenirek toqtalyp kórelik.

Biz jogharyda Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyding Ruh-Áruaqqa qatysty ústanymy qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny dýniyetanymyna salt-dәstýr retinde engenin jәne olardyng artynda naqty ruhany tirekter bolghandyghyna kóz jetkizdik. Týrikterding búdan basqa da kóne dәuirden kele jatqan salt-dәstýri, әdet-ghúryptary bar bolatyn. Ol salt-dәstýr, әdet-ghúryptardyng qalyptasuy, tilderding payda boluy ózdiginen bola salghan joq. Olardy ýiretken, qalyptastyrghan týrik halqynyng ózine kelgen payghambary bolghandyghyna kýmәn keltire almaymyz. Óitkeni, Qúran Kәrimdegi «Ey, mýminder, әr birine bir sharighat, bir jol berdik. Alla qalasa, senderding barlyghyndy bir ýmmet jasar edi.[Maida, 5/48]», «Ár ýmmet ýshin bir eskertushi bolghan edi. [Fatyr,35/24]») ayattar jer betindegi barlyq halyqtargha payghambarlar jiberilgenin kórsetedi. Imam Maturidy jalpy payghambarlyq mәselesine taldau jasay kele, adam balasy jaratylghannan keyin onyng ózdiginen jabayy ómir sýrmey, januarlar әleminen ajyrauyna yqpal etip, bir-birimen týsinisu ýshin til berip, tabighat qúbylystaryn tanytu, ol qúbylystargha at qoyyp, san týrli ósimdikterdi paydalanu joldary  men januarlardy qolgha ýiretu siyaqty adamgha qajetti әreketterding barlyghy Alla tarapynan jәne әr topqa jiberilgen payghambarlar arqyly iske asqandyghyna taldau jasaydy. Abu Hanifa bolsa, jaratylghan qanshama zattardyng keybir halyq ýshin adal bolsa, Alla Taghala olardy basqa halyq ýshin aram etkenin aitady. Sansyz zattar bar, olardy qoldanu ýshin adamdargha әmir etti. Al, baghzy adamdargha olardy qoldanugha tyiym saldy. Alla Taghalanyng búl hikmetinde, danalyghynda qanshalyqty mәn bar ekendigin osy mәseleni kenirek taldap kóretin bolsaq, Onyng nazarynan eshbir zәredey nәrsening tys qalmaghanyna kózimiz jetedi. Mysaly, qazaq halqynyng sýiikti taghamynyng biri – jylqynyng eti. Qazaq halqyn jylqynyng eti men qazysy, qymyzysyz kózge elestetu mýmkin emes. Al, arabtar ýshin jylqy eti aram. Arabtar búl taghamdy jey almaydy. Arabstannyng my qaynatqan ystyghynda jylqynyng etin jeu,  olar ýshin ózderine qastyq jasaghanmen birdey bolar edi. Óitkeni, olardyng taban astynda qan qysymdary kóterilip, ólip ketken bolar edi. Al, qazaq halqy qysty kýnderi jylqynyng etisiz kýn kóre almaydy. Ásirese, Arqanyng úitqyghan borany men ayazynda jylqynyng etin jemey kýn kóru mýmkin emestigin әr qazaq týsinedi. Sonday-aq, kýrish egip, ala jazday sudan shyqpaytyn korey halqy ýshin itting etin jeui de tabighy erekshelik ekendigin týsinuge tiyispiz. Búl erekshelikterge qarap otyryp, on segiz myng ghalamdy jaratqan Úly Allanyng qúdireti men ghalymdyghyna, Ol bilmeytin jaryq dýniyede esh nәrsening joqtyghyna, Ol ózi jaratqan әrbir jaratylysty ózindik ereksheligimen jaratqandyghyna kózimiz jete týsedi.  

 Adamzat qoghamy belgi bir dengeyge jetken kezde, olargha belgili bir jolmen jýrui, belgili bir zandylyqtargha moyynúsynu qajettigi de tuyndady. Olardy da adam balasyna ýiretken de, jol kórsetken de, payghambarlar arqyly iske asyrghan da Alla Taghalanyng ózi bolatyn. Búl kez-kelgen halyqtyng tili de, әdet-ghúryp, salt-dәstýri de ózgertuge bolmaytyn kiyeli, qasiyetti qúndylyqtar ekendigin kórsetedi. Óitkeni, búl qasiyetti qúndylyqtardy әr halyq ózdiginen tapqan joq. Búlar әr halyqtyng ózine arnayy, Ózining payghambarlary arqyly bergen Allanyng nyghmetteri edi. Sondyqtan, basqa dindi qabyldadym dep, ol nyghmetterden bas tartu, Allanyng ózine qarsy shyghu bolar edi. Qoja Ahmet Yasauy Alla Taghalanyng danalyghyna moyynúsyna otyryp, Abu Hanifa kórsetip bergen joldy, din men sharighattyng eki bólek dýnie ekendigin negizge alyp, Qúran ayattaryna sýienip, týrik halqynyng kóneden kele jatqan salt-dәstýri men әdet-ghúrpyn ózine qaytaryp berdi. Ol búl mәseleni ózining «Fatava-y tanbiyh»(Pәtualar kórsetkishi) atty enbeginde jazghan boluy kerek dep topshylaymyz. Alayda, ol kitaptyng bizge deyin jetpeui búl mәseleni tolyq ashyp kórsetuge qolbaylau bolyp otyr. Endigi kezekte A.Smanov aitqan pir mәselesine kezek berelik.

Pir degenimiz, A.Smanov myrza aitqanday ústaz. Biraq ol qanday ústaz? Mәsele osynda. Pir-murshid Allany tanyghan, Allagha jetken jandardy-әuliyelerdi ghana murshiyd-pir deydi. Olay bolsa, әuliyelerding sonyna ergen halyq qaytip kәpir bolmaq? Qasiyetti Qúranda mynaday ayat bar: «Maghan úmtylghan jandardy Men, mindetti týrde Maghan keletin jolgha salamyn»[29/69]-deydi. Demek, Alla Taghala ózine úmtylghan jandardy tura jolgha salatyndyghy turaly ashyq aityp túrghan joq pa? Ekinshi bir ayatynda «Sen Maghan qaray jol tartqandardyng sonynan jýr» [31/15] – dep әmir etedi. Jәne bir ayatynda «Ey, Allagha moyynúsynghandar! Alladan qorqyndar jәne Allanyng dostarymen birge bolyndar!» [9/119], – deydi. Alla Taghalanyng ózi osylay búiyryp túrsa, onda pir-mýrshidterge qol beru, onyng ruhany jetekshiligin moyyndau әrbir músylmannnyng moynyna artylghan mindet bolmaydy ma? Olay bolsa, pirge qol bergender nelikten kәpir bolady? Jalpy qazaq halqy Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyzdan beri sol  әuliyelerdin, pirlerding sonyna ergen halyq edik. Sonda bizding ata-babamyz týgelimen kәpir bolghany ma? Álde, A.Smanov myrza bizge basqa diny tanymdy uaghyzdap otyr ma? Mine, osy mәselening aq-qarasyn aiyru, dúrys joldy tandau býgingi kýnning ózekti mәselesine ainalyp otyr. Qazaq halqy ózining imanynyng beriktigi jaghynan eshbir músylman halqynan artyq bolmasa, kem bolghan emes. «Jesirin jylatpaghan, jetimin qanghytpaghan», basqa halyqtargha tәn qoghamdaghy bar azghyndyqtan ada, týrmesi, ony qamaytyn qylmyskeri bolmaghan halyq-qazaq halqy bolatyn. Mine, sonday halyqty ruhany tazalyqtan, dininen, Alla jolynan adastyrmaghan sol pirler bolatyn. Óz zamanynda Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyzdyng 99 myng shәkirti bolghandyghy aitylady. Olardyng barlyghy týrki әlemining jer-jerine baryp, sopylyq joldyng týrkilik baghyty-Yasauy jolyn taratty. Ortalyq Aziya, Kishi Aziyany mekendegen týrkiler óz mәdeniyetimen qayta qauyshsa, Balqan týbegi, Ýndistan jerindegi halyqtar sol Yasauy jolynyng ókilderining arqasynda músylman boldy. Osy ólkelerding qaysysyna barsang da Yasauy joly ókilderi-әuliyelerding qabirlerin kezdestire alasyn. Olar tek sopylyqty emes, sonymen birge týrki mәdeniyetin de sol ólkelerge taratqan bolatyn. Orta ghasyrlarda týrkilerding sharyqtap, damuy da, ydyrap memlekettiginen aiyrluy da, osy Yasauy jolynyng qoghamdaghy rolining artuy men bәsendeuine tikeley baylanysty boldy. Joshy úlysynyng Altyn Orda atanyp, әlemdik derjavagha ainaluy – Yasauy joly ókilderining enbegi bolatyn. Álemdegi eng әdiletti qoghamdy ornatyp, «qoy ýstine boztorghay júmytqalatqan», «jarlysy men bayyn teng etken» osy Yasauy joly ókilderining arqasy edi. Absoluttik biylik handa da, biyde de, qarada da bolghan joq. Absoluttik biylik – tek zangha-sharighatqa berilgen bolatyn. Han basqa emes, ózining esigining aldyndaghy qúlyn jazalaugha qúqy bolmady. Árbir adam zang aldynda ghana jauap beretin. Hannyng qolynda tek sayasy biylik qalyp, ruhany biylik pen zan-sharighat biyligi tolyghymen biylerdin-Yasauy joly ókilderining qolynda boldy. Ru, taypalardyn, jýzderding qalyptasuy, memleketting qúrylymdyq jýiesining kóne týrkilik sipat aluy osy Yasauy joly ókilderining enbegi bolatyn. Qazirgi Evraziya kenistigin mekendegen týrki halyqtarynyng deni sol kezende sol ru, taypalar men jýzderding qúramynda edi. Ókinishke oray, Ózbek han qaytys bolyp, ornyna úly Jәnibek han taqqa otyrghan song dini-iydeologiyany ózgertip, arab dәstýrshildigin әkelui memlektting irge tasyn shayqaltty. Hannyng diny iydeologiyany auystyrudaghy maqsaty, biyler institutyn ydyratyp, memleketti basqarudyng parsylyq jýiesin qalyptastyryp, absoluttik biylikke jetu bolatyn.  Onyng búl sayasaty Asan Qayghy bastaghan Yasauy joly ókilderi tarapynan qarsylyqqa tap boldy. Olar sondaryna ergen halyqty ertip, Alash memleketin qalyptastyrdy. Odan keyin Altyn Orda memleketi, Ózbek úlysy, Qazaq handyghy siyaqty memleketter kýiredi. Sol memleketterding kýireuindegi basty sebep, zandylyq Yasauy jolynan sheginu boldy. Býgingi kýni qazaq halqy óz tәuelsizdigin alyp, Qazaqstan Respublikasy atty memleketin qalyptastyryp, irgesin endi bekite bastaghanda, taghy da qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymy negizderine toqtausyz shabuyldyng bastaluy – asa qaterli faktor ekendigin aitpasa bolmaydy. Eng ókinishtisi, búl shabuyldyng qazaq halqynyng ruhany tútastyghyn qalyptastyruy tiyis – Qazaqstan músylmandary diny Basqarmasy atynan jýrgizilui bolyp otyr.

Endigi kezekte Abdighappar Smanov myrzanyng kim ekendigi turaly qysqasha mәlimet berip ketken dúrys qoy deymin. Ony men tereng qazbalap, úzaqqa barghym joq. Smanovtar әuleti jayly arnayy jazylghan maqala bar edi. Sol maqaladan qysqasha ýzindi bersek jetkilikti bolar degen ýmittemin. Maqala «Qasqyrgha qoy baqtyrghan qazaghym-ay» dep atalady. Maqala avtory – Erdos Sәlimtay. (http://www.masa.kz/article/view/id/1949 )

Maqalada mynaday joldar bar:

«Olardyng týpkilikti qazaqstandyq boluyna keybir maghlúmattar boyynsha Ábdighappardyng 1989 jyly zansyz mitingilierge qatysyp, resmy biylikting nazaryna týsip qaluy әser etken kórinedi. Ol kezde býgingidey berik shekara joq,Smanovtar eki eldegi diny oqighalargha da teng qatysyp jýre bergen. Ábdighappar Smanovtyn  «taza dindi» taratugha bel sheshe kirisuine  onyng 1992 jyly Saud Arabiyasynyng islamy basqarmasynyng shaqyruymen jasaghan qajylyq sapary sheshushi әser etken. Osy saparda Ábdighappar Dýniyejýzilik Islam ligasynyng ókilderimen kezdesip, Qazaqstanda osy úiymnyng mýddesin qorghaytyn qúrylymdar qúrugha bel buady. Osy oqighalardan keyin Saraghashta «Tayaqty ishan» medresesi payda bolady.

Qazaqstanda «tauhidty» ornyqtyryp, «taza islamdy» jai Smanovtar ýshin onaygha týse qoyghan joq. Olardyng basyna birneshe mәrte qara búlt ýiirilip, kýmәndi diny aghymgha ýnemi senimsizdikpen qaraghan qúqyq qorghau organdarynyng jiti baqylauynda boldy. Oghan sebep bolghan jaghdaylar da joq emes. 2004 jyly tútastay Ortalyq Aziyany dýr silkindirgen әigili Tashkenttegi jarylystar Qazaqstan ókimetining etek-jenin birshama jighyzdy. Qúzyrly oryndardyng aghayyndy Smanovtargha shýiliguine Tashkentting Kibray audanyndaghy milisiya beketinde «shahid belbeuin» iske qosyp, kóz júmghan «Semey jamaghaty» sodyrlyq tobynyng liyderi Isa Eruov esimdi azamattyng alghashqy diny bilimdi dәl osy Smanovtardyng medresesinen aluy әser etti degen pikir bar. Qalay bolghanmen de 2005 jyly 22 sәuiri kýni Ontýstik Qazaqstan mamandandyrylghan audanaralyq ekonomikalyq soty Saryaghash audandyq prokurorynyng talabymen QMDB filialy «Tayaqty ishan» meshiti janyndaghy «Ubay Ibn Kaab» (Smanovtar medresesining atauy) medresesining qyzmetin toqtatu jóninde syrttay sheshim shygharady.»

Mine, qúrmetti oqyrman qauym! Kezinde uahhabiylik iydeolgiyany jai ýshin baryn salghan A.Smanovtyn, býgin kelip biz QMDB-nyng basty uaghyzshylarynyng birine ainalyp otyrghanynyng kuәsi bolyp otyrmyz. Sonda biz kimdi aldap jýrmiz? Qayda bara jatyrmyz? Osy súraqqa jauap beretin jan bar ma?

Zikiriya Jandarbek 

Abai.kz