GANDY KÓKEM QAZAQTYNG KÝIIN KÓRSE NE DER EDI?
Aldymen Gandiyding ómirbayanynan derekter bereyik. Aghylshyn tildegi derekterden tómendegidey jәitter aiqyn boldy.[1] Mohandas (keyin Mahatma atalghan aghylshyn – ýndishe aty Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) Gandy 1869-1948 jyldyry ómir sýrgen, tughan jeri Indiyanyng Porbandar, Kathiawar degen jeri. Ol dәulettti otbasynda tughan. Ákesi sol ólkening bas ministri bolghan. Gandiyding balalyq shaghy induizm dinine berilgen sheshesining yqpalynda ótti. Sondyqtan ba, Mohandas Gandiyding ózi induizmning Vishnu qúdayyn qatty dәriptegen, keyinen djaynizm jolynda bolady, kóne induizmning moralidyq prinsipterine qatty beriledi. Ásirese, ozbyrlyqqa tózimdilikpen qarsy túru, induistik oraza – auyz bekitu , meditasiya , et taghamdaryn tatpau, keyin tipti temeki tartudan bas tartady.
Jas Gandy jastyq shaqta úyan, oqugha pәlendey qúlyq kórsetpegen. Indiyanyng joghary kastasyna shyqqan bala edi, kolledj bitirip, oquyn jalghastyrugha Londongha ketu josparynda bar edi. Onyng jaqyn tuysqandary jas Gandy tym kirpiyaz, әr nәrsege seziktenip, әr nәrseden ýreylenip, tipti týnde jaryq sóndirip jatpaytyn әdeti bar eken deydi. 13 jasynda ony ýndi halqynyng dәstýrine sәikes ýilendiredi. Onyng qalyndyghy da dәuletti otbasynan. Bolashaq әieli bay kópesting qyzy. Osy әielinen tórt úl tuady. Sonymen jasy 18 jetkende jas Gandy Londongha oquyn jalghastyrugha attanady.
Londonda Mohandas Gandiyding últshyldyq kózqarastary qalyptasady. Batystyng hristian dinine negizdelgen mentaldyq ústanymdarynan onyng әbden kónili qalady. Endi Gandiyding qayratker jәne tarihy túlghagha ainalghanyn bayqaymyz. Sonymen nәzik jәne kirpiyaz bala minez kórsete bastaydy. Ontýstik Afrikada kórgen nәsilshildik pen adam qúqyghyn taptau kórinisteri onyng әdiletshildik prinsiypin әrqashan algha qoyatyn qayratker ekenin kórsetedi. Ol osy Britan otaryndaghy ýndi júmysshylarynyng qúqyghy taptalyp jatqanyn kóredi. Óz milletining ókilderining qúqyqtarynyng taptalghanyn kórip otyryp, Gandiy ozbyrlyqpen ayausyz, biraq beybit jolmen kýresedi. Bara kele tәjiriybe jinalady.
Alghashqy zangerlik tәjiriybesi Ontýstik Afrikalyq respublikasynda kóship kelip júmys istep jýrgen indiyalyqtardyng qúqyghyn qorghau boldy. Sol tústa Ontýstik Afrikada otarshyldyq, nәsildik segregasiya jәne aparteid asa opasyzdyqtyng formasyna ainalghan. Azamattyq baghynbaushylyq kýres tәjiriybesi alghashqy ret osy jerde synaldy: týrli beybit sheruler men baykot jәriyalau oryn aldy. Kýsh pen qaru paydalanbaytyn azamattyq baghynbaushyldyq aksiyalar sol tústa әserli әdis boldy.
Mohandas Gandy kýres arenasyn Indiyagha aparmaq bolady. Mohandas úly tarihy túlgha Indiya halqynyng últ-azattyq qozghalysynyng basty liyderi bola bastaydy. Gandy Indiyanyng egemendigine beybit jolmen, qaruly kýressiz, naqtylap aitqanda otarshyldyq rejiymine kónbey qarsy túru, otarshyldyqqa baghynbaushylyqpen tózu jolyn ózi úiymdastyrdy. Gandiyding mamandyghy – zangerlik advokatura. Gandy ózining sayasy ómirbayanyn últshyl qayratker retinde tolyq kórsetti. Gandiydi britan baspasózi últshyl degenimen, Mohandas Gandy últshyl emes últjandy túlgha bolsa kerek. Sonda Gandiyding últshyldyghy qanday formada bayqaldy? Ontýstik Afrikadaghy britandyqtar men burlar (burlar – golland tekti aq nәsildi kolonister) tarapynan nәsilshildik pen aparteid rejiymin kórgen Mohandas birqatar qarsylyq beybit aksiyalardy ótkizedi. Búl kýresting tәsilderi men prinsipterin Mohandas Gandiydi Indiya topyraghyna әkeledi. Osy tústan Mohandas Gandy Mahatma (Keremet Jan - “great soul”) Gandiyge ainalady.
Mahatma Gandy eng aldymen tamasha imidjmeyker ekenin tanytady. Ol ózine halyq talabyna sәikes azamattyq protest, Indiyanyng britan biyleushilerine – qarsylyq pen baghynbaushylyq konseptin jasaydy. Britan biyligine qarsy qaruly kýsh qoldanbay, Britan otarshyl әkimshiligining bir isin jýzege asyrmau әreketterin oilastyrady.
Kóne zamannan býgingi kýnge deyin Indiyany qolónershiler memleketi deuge bolady. Indiyanyng maqtasynan ýndisterding qolónershileri qoldan mata taqyp, sol matadan kiyim tigetin. Britan otarshyldary ýndi maqtasynan britandyq fabrikalyq әdispen óndirilgen myndaghan sharshy metr matalar óndire bastady. Britaniyada óndirilgen matalar sapa jaghynan da, kólem jaghynan da, tipti ózindik qúny da indiyalyq matalaradan kóp ótimdi boldy. Búl jaghday milliondaghan ýndisterding úsaq biznesine balta shapty. Sol siyaqty metall, aghash ónimderin óndiriushiler de óz napaqasynan aiyryldy. Sonymen Mahatma Gandy qolyna úrshyq ústap, populistik keri tartpalyq, tehnikalyq progreske qarsy әreket aksiya jasaydy. Indiyada Britaniya tauaryna bóget qoi, britandyqtardyng barlyq sharalaryn iske asyrmau, sonymen baykot jariyalau maqsaty kýn tәrtibine qoyylady. Endi indiyalylyqtardyng kósemi – Mahatma Gandiyding sonyna myndaghan adam eredi, milliondaghan adam ony jaqtaydy.
1919 jyly 13 kókekte Amritsarda (hram, minajat orny) indiyalyqtardyng qaruly kóterilisi boldy, 400 adam qyrghyngha úshyrady. Sondyqtan búnday әreketter jalghasa berse kóp halyqtyng taghy da beker qyryluyna әkelui mýmkin edi. Búl tragediyalyq oqigha Mahatmagha sabaq boldy.
1930 jyly aghylshyndar as túzyna salyq saldy. Mahatma Gandy britandyqtardyng túz salyghyna qarsylyq aksiyalar úiymdastyra bastady. Qarapayym indiyalyqtardyng janyna qatty batqan salyq qarsy sayasy protest әreketter tudyrdy. Búl kez Mahatmanyng halyq arasynda abyroyynyng óskenin kórsetedi. Sonymen Mahatma bastaghan top tenizge túz óndiru 250 joryghyn jasady. Túz joryghynan bastap Mahatmanyng sayasy yqpalyn indiyalyqtardan basqa Britan Ýkimeti de moyynday bastady. Endi Indiya ýshin sayasy egemendikke jetu kýn tәrtibine qoyyldy.
Gandy kókemizdin ýlgisi býgingi Qazaqstannyng kýn tәrtibining taqyrybyna tikeley qatysty. Beybit jolmen sayasy maqsattargha jetu – pozitivtik dәstýr. Áriyne, 1930 jyldaghy Indiyamen Qazaqstannyng aiyrmashylyghy jer men kóktey. Birinshisi, býgin biz – egemen elmiz. Ekinshiden Gandiyding birqatar әreketteri destruktivti jәne keritartpa. Sebebi Gandiyding birqatar talaptary britan sivilizasiyasynyng manyzdy jetistikteri negizsiz teriske shygharylyp baykotqa úshyrady.
Bizge gandizmning qoldanatyn kýres joldary, aitalyq, qoghamdy ýlken dýrdarazdyqqa týsirmey prinsipialdy pozisiyany ústau qajet. Búl jaghdaydyng memlekttik tildi jýzege asyru joldaryna qatysy bar. Gandiyding kelensizdikke qarsy túruda úsynghan joldary radikaldy joldardan bizdi saqtandyrady. Aytalyq, memlekettik tildi paydalanbaudyng týrli joldaryn tapqan qazaq sheneunikterining әreketine say shara qabyldau kerek. Úsynarymyz – gandilyq resmy til baykoty. Birinshiden, qazaqsha sóilemegen sheneunik qyzmetinen aiyrylady, memlekettik tilding qúzyryn ornyna keltirem deytinder aldymen baspasózge, prokuraturagha habarlau, sotqa beru; ekinshiden, polisiya qyzmeti – jergilikti , jol polisiyasy, kriminaldyq polisiya qyzmetkeri mindetti týrde memlekettik tildi jariya jәne prioriytetine ainaldyrudy maqsat etken jón. Aqyly qyzmet biznesi – shashtarazdar, dýkender, basqa aqyly qyzmet kórsetetin oryndar qazaqsha qyzmet kórsetpegen jaghdayda tútynushy tarapynan boykotqa týsedi.
Sizder (zang búzushylar) memlekettik til turaly baptardy búzasyndar, sondyqtan men (qyzmet tútynushy) sizderding qyzmetinizden uaqytsha (jaghdaydy ózgertkenshe) bas tartamyn dep eskertip, sol mekemening aqyly qyzmetinen bas tartady. Mysaly, men pәterlerdi qorghau qyzmeti firmasymen sóileskennen keyin olar 2-3 aidan keyin qazaq tilinde qyzmet kórsetetin boldy, onysyna rahmet. Ýshinshiden, qazaqtan basqa etnos ókilderi, biraq qazaqshany jaqsy mengergen qyzmetkerler korpusy kerek. Olar qazaqsha til qatpaytyn, nemese sanaly týrde qazaqshany ainalyp ótetin qyzmetkerlerdi lustrasiyalau jolymen almastyrady. Sonda memlekettik tilding janashyrlary, qazaq emes etnos ókilderinen qúrastyrylyp, tildik jaghdaydy kýrt ózgertpek jәne qazaqtan basqa etnos ókilderi isteblishmentte kóbeyedi. Tórtinshiden, oqu isinde biregey memlekettik baghdarlamanyng kerektigi: qazaq mektebinen basqa mektepter men klastar memlekettik tilge jarymay jýr. Ókinishke oray, olardyng jaghdayy oqu bitirisimen – úldar tek ketpen shabugha, qyzdar – tek dýkenshige jaraydy. Sondyqtan, az últtar mektepterinde (orys, ukraiyn, ózbek, úighyr, tәjik klastarynda ) az degende 6-7 pәn memlekettik tilde oqyluy kerek. Áriyne, az últ mektepterinde istep jýrgen oqytushylar sol saghattardy memlekettik tilde jýzege asyra alady.
Sonymen Gandy kókemning bizge aitary bar: qarsylas qanday opasyz bolsa da júmsaq jolmen kýresu abzal. Biraq Gandy kókemnin ymyrasyz kýresu kerektigi prinsiypine nazar audarar edim. Áriyne, qazaq tili ózining ishki potensialy men quatyn paydalana otyryp, ósip jәne keng tarap keledi. Biraq memleket tarapynan qoldau manyzdy, sebebi ol Gandiyding tili emes, ózimizding til emes pe?.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/9840076/The-truth-about-Mahatma-Gandhi-he-was-a-wily-operator-not-Indias-smiling-saint.htm Patrick French is the author of 'India: A Portrait’ (Vintage) l; http://www.biography.com/people/mahatma-gandhi-9305898
Ázimbay Ghaliy
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