Últtyng úlylyghy jalpyadamzattyq múrat-mýddelerge jauap beruimen ólshenedi. Qazaq tarihynda iydeyalyq sabaqtastyq pen filosofiyalyq antropologiyalyq konsepsiya, әri ruhany úlaghat rólin atqarghan onday jәdiger qúbylystar men iydeyalar jetkilikti.

Árbir organizmning saulyghyn qorghaytyn immundyq qorghanysh tetigi bolatyny siyaqty, últ ruhynyng saulyghyn beyneleytin ruhany qúbylys- skepsis pen antidogmatizm. El ýshin qauiptisi osy qasiyetterding qalghityn sәtteri. Qazaq tarihyndaghy osynday kezeng songhy 300 jyldaghy qazaqqa tәnning bәrine "jabayylyq", "eskining sarqynshaghy" degen ýrey tanbasy singen, "Mynau mening últtyq daralyghym!" deytin tabighy maqtanysh sezimi týgili, búl taqyrypty qozghaudyng ózi qauipti bolghan bodandyq kezen. El egemendigi, qazirgi zamanghy ghylymiy-filosofiyalyq tәuelsizdik Otan, últtyq patriotizm úghymyn qayta tudyrdy. Bizding tarihymyzda biz úyalatyn eshtene joqtyghyna senimimiz artty.

Últtyng úlylyghy jalpyadamzattyq múrat-mýddelerge jauap beruimen ólshenedi. Qazaq tarihynda iydeyalyq sabaqtastyq pen filosofiyalyq antropologiyalyq konsepsiya, әri ruhany úlaghat rólin atqarghan onday jәdiger qúbylystar men iydeyalar jetkilikti.

Árbir organizmning saulyghyn qorghaytyn immundyq qorghanysh tetigi bolatyny siyaqty, últ ruhynyng saulyghyn beyneleytin ruhany qúbylys- skepsis pen antidogmatizm. El ýshin qauiptisi osy qasiyetterding qalghityn sәtteri. Qazaq tarihyndaghy osynday kezeng songhy 300 jyldaghy qazaqqa tәnning bәrine "jabayylyq", "eskining sarqynshaghy" degen ýrey tanbasy singen, "Mynau mening últtyq daralyghym!" deytin tabighy maqtanysh sezimi týgili, búl taqyrypty qozghaudyng ózi qauipti bolghan bodandyq kezen. El egemendigi, qazirgi zamanghy ghylymiy-filosofiyalyq tәuelsizdik Otan, últtyq patriotizm úghymyn qayta tudyrdy. Bizding tarihymyzda biz úyalatyn eshtene joqtyghyna senimimiz artty.

Sayahatshy Marko Polo turaly kinofilimde ataqty italiyandyqtyng kóshpelilerge kez bolatyny turaly epizod bar. Jateldik qonaqqa qatty quanghan dalalyqtar úlan-asyr toy ótkizedi: qonaqjay halyq bәigege shauyp, baluandary kýresip mәz-meyram bolady. Bәri ayaqtalghanda qonaghynyng kónil-kýiin bilmek bolghan el kósemi: -Qalay? Únady ma? dep súraydy әigili venesiandyqtan. - Iya. Biraq ómirleriniz azapqa toly eken,- dep jauap beredi jihangez. Kósh iyesi túnjyrap tómen qaraydy. Materialdy iygilikti joghary baghalaytyn otyryqshylyq mәdeniyetting kóshpendi túrmys aldyndaghy menmendigin beyneleytin batystyq filimdi qoishylar ýshin olardyng otanyna "Qúdaydyng qamshysy" bolyp qyrghiday tiygen Atilla jerlesterining rahaty joq ómirsaltynyng jәne olar ýshin týsiniksiz nomadtyq otanshyldyqtyng syry rulyq-taypalyq jýiede jatyr.

Jalghan iydeologiyanyng jalghan sipattamasy men qúldyq sanadaghy ýrey-qorqynyshty yghystyrar bolsaq, rulyq-taypalyq jýie kóshpeli qazaq tirshiliginde kópsalaly qyzmet atqarghan mәni tereng manyzdy ruhany qúbylys. Rulyq-taypalyq jýiening kóshpeli qoghamda atqarghan negizgi funksiyalary mynalar:

-  Ontologiyalyq mәn

-  Ózindik barabarlyqtyng (samoiydentifikasiya) qalyptasuynyng fundamenti

-  Pozitivti emosionaldyq quat kózi

-  Ekzistensialdy qauipsizdik sezimi qalyptasuynyng tetigi

-  Genofond tazalyghynyng saqshysy

-  Dinge indifferenttilikting sebepshisi

-  Otanshyldyqtyng bastauy

-  Kommunikasiya, diplomatiya ýlgisi

-  Toleranttylyqtyng qaynary.

Rulyq jýiening ontologiyalyq qyzmeti

Adamnan adam qalyptasu prosesi ózin-ózi saqtau súraghymen ghana túiyqtalyp qoymaydy: ol - tirshilik maghynasy, adamnyng ózdigi mәselesin qúraydy. "Men kimmin?" súraghy "Men kimderdi beyneleymin?, Kimderding ókilimin?" (әriyne, tek múnymen shektelmeydi) súraghyn qamtidy. Al búl súraqqa adam ómir sýrip jatqan dýnie bolmysyn tútas qarastyrghanda ghana jauap alugha bolady. Fanattyq synarjaqtylyqtan mýldem ada kóshpeli tanymynda kóktegi Qúdiret pen jerdegi әleumettik qúrylym eshbir janjalsyz, qayshylyqsyz erkin astasyp, nomadtyq dýniyening týpnegizin qúrap jatty. Dýniyejaratylystaghy jәne kóshpeli túrmystaghy toqtausyz ózgeristerge negiz bolatyn, dәstýrli dýniyetanymdyq tiregi Aspan, Kók Tәniri bolsa, ruhaniy-әleumettik ómirining senimdi negizi, әrbir kóshpelining janyna jaqyn da qymbat, tirshiligine mәn, ruhyna qoldau berip, búl dýniyeden tysqary qalmaghandyq sezimin qalyptastyratyn - rulyq-taypalyq jýie boldy. Kóshpendi qazaq metafizikany yghystyryp tastaghan joq, ony qabyldady jәne óz qazynasyna ainaldyrdy. Músylmandyq keng taralghannan keyin de kóshpelining obrazdy mifologiyalyq sanasynda arhaikalyq senimder saqtaldy (baqsylyq, tәnirshildik, zoroastrizm, t.b.), sonyng ishinen ol ózine kerektisin alyp, diny sintez qúrap, sinkretti tanymdy ústandy. Ári, onyng tanymynda úshqarylyq, fanatizm degen atymen joq - nomad Qúdaydyng ózine de bayypty, indifferentti qatynasta. Túrmys qajeti men ishki qoldaudy, "basqa - bәleni" de osy dýniyeden, aghayyn arasynan tapqan qazaq óz kónilin kókke, Qúdiretke emes, jerdegi aghayyngha tigedi. "Elin, teging kim?" degen súraqqa tútas dýniyening maghynasyn syidyryp, býkil adamzatty bir-aq sәtte ýsh júrttyng (óz júrty, naghashy júrt, qayyn júrt) birine jatqyzyp aghayyn-tuys-jekjatqa ainaldyratyn jәne tolassyz kommunikasiyagha úlasatyn "halyqtanudyn" (termin M. Qozybaevtiki) erekshe týrin jasady. Óitkeni kóshpendining dýniyeni tútas qabyldau ereksheligi sonday, qauymdyq odaq yntymaghy qorshaghan dýniyemen ýilese bilu kepili retinde qarastyrylady. Birlik pen yntymaqtyng ydyrauy jalpy garmoniyanyng býlinui dep týsiniledi.

Ózindik barabarlyqtyng (samoiydentifikasiya) qalyptasuynyng fundamenti

Ontologiyalyq mәseleden zandy týrde indentifikasiya jәne ózdik iydentifikasiya turaly súraq tuyndaydy. "Barabarlyq" (iydentifikasiya) adamnyng ózine ózining tepe-tendiligine qatysty qosmәndi sipatqa ie úghym. Birinshiden, ("idem" - lat. "to je samoe") óz-ózine nemese ózgege úqsastyq degendi bildiredi. Búl maghynada "iydenttilik" - "ózgermeytin", sondyqtan "óz-ózine úqsas" degendi bildiredi, al búl "ózgergish", "úqsas emes" úghymyna keri maghynada. Ekinshiden, "tot je" - "basqa emes, dәl sonyng ózi" ("ipse" - lat. "sam"), sondyqtan búl "dәl ózi". Riyker pikirinshe, búl - "ózgermestik" maghynasyndaghy barabarlyqty emes, "ýzdiksizdikti" - yaghny ózgerister barysyndaghy óz-ózine tepe-tendikti, "ózdikti" saqtap qalu degendi bildiredi. "Ýzdiksizdik" úghymy búl jerde "sabaqtastyq", yaghny óz ómirin óz-ózine múralau degen maghynada qoldanyluda.

Barabarlyq daghdarysyn sóz etu adamnyng óz-ózining kim ekenin týsinbeytindigi degendi bildirmeydi. (Basqany iydentifikasiyalau jәne ózin basqalargha prezentasiyalau - kez-kelgen adamaralyq qatynastardyng bastauy). IYdentifikasiyalyq daghdarys turaly aitqanda adamnyng óz obrazyna ("Men qanday bolugha tiyispin?") ózining sәikes kelmeui, óz ómirinde ózining joqtyghy, nemese dýniyedegi óz ornynyng belgisizdigi, týsiniksizdiginen tuatyn uayym-sezimderin aitady. Hesle "barabarlyq daghdarysyn" adam ómirindegi empiriyalyq realdylyqtyng adamnyng óz-ózimen týsinistigi arasyndaghy kelisimning joqtyghynan dep týsindiredi.

Múnday mәselening kóterilui - "jauyrdy jaba toqu", teoriyalyq erigu emes, adam ómirining shyndyghy. Ózining tarihy eseyi barysynda adamzat uniyversaldy adamgershilikti úghynugha úzaq búltarystarmen jetti jәne býgingi kýnge deyin әr joly әrkim-basqany adam retinde tanu mәselesimen betpe-bet keledi, biraq barlyghy birdey osyny úghyna, tani, moyynday bermeydi. Búl prosess әrtýrli mәdeniyetterde әrtýrli jýredi. Demek, búl da adamnyng ózimen ózining jәne basqany ózimen iydentifikasiyalau mәselesi týbegeyli sheshilmegendigining dәleli.

IYdentifikasiyalau sipaty - birinshiden, ózgemen iydentifikasiyalanu qajettiligi men ýshin qanday sipatqa iye, qanshalyqty qajet?; al ekinshiden - basqa adammen iydentifikasiyalanu mening túlghalyq damuyma tikeley baylanysty. Mening bógde adamdy qalay, qanday sapada, kim retinde qabyldaytynym jәne mening onymen iydetifikasiyalanuymnyng ómirlik manyzdylyghynyng dәrejesi sonymen anyqtalady.

Dәl osy, mening - basqa bir "Menmen" iydentifikasiyalanuym mәselesinen - sol obektining iydentifikasiyalanu negizinde jatqan birtútastyghy - mening ózimdi onymen qanshalyqty iydentifikasiyalay aluymmen mólsherles ekendigi - kórinedi. Búl qúbylys "antropty prinsipti" eske týsiredi: "Dýnie mening ózdigimning (samosti) mazmúnyna ainalu ýshin tirshilik etedi, óitkeni ol dýniyeni tanityn menmin, óz boyymda dýniyedegi bolmystyng ózdigi (samosti bytiya) shoghyrlanghandyqtan men ózdik retinde tirshilik etemin".

IYdentifikasiya jәne iydentifikasiyanyng maghynalyq jaghy tyghyz baylanysty. "Últty rugha, taypagha, jýzge jikteu dәstýri (shejireshildik) óz ishinde bólinu-jaulasu ýshin emes, әrbir adamnyng ortaq tili, ortaq dili, ortaq Otany, eli, júrty bar ekenine, tirlik-birlikke, últtyq sanany qalyptastyrugha, bir adamnyng shyghu tegi arqyly sol buyndy býkil qauymgha, halyqqa tanystyru arqyly últpen tanystyrugha baghyttalghan".

Kóshpendi qauym ýshin ortaq múra bolyp tabylatyn rulyq taypalyq qúrylym mәndik mazmún emes. Eger Ejelgi Gresiyada, Rimde "elliyn" nemese "Rim azamaty" bolu, Ortaghasyrlarda belgili diny senimdi ústanu jәne belgili korolidyqqa adaldyq mәselesi - tanba emes, óz mәnin anyqtaudyng mazmúndyq kórsetkishi bolsa, jýzge bólinu, "úly" nemese "kishi" jýzding ókili bolu qazaq ýshin mazmúndyq belgi emes, sondyqtan ol ainaladaghylardy "ózim" men "ózgege" bólmeydi. (Tarihi, diny jәne mәdeny sipattama "ózimizdiki" men "ózgeni" ajyratudyng syrtqy belgisi, tanbasy emes, mazmúndyq anyqtaushysy bolsa, qazirgi kezde mazmúndy erkinshe shúbarlap, (mysaly, tanba retindegi din jәne últtyq, dindarlyq pen etnikalyq belgilerdi (kiyim, tәrtip, sóz, as jeu mәneri, uaqyt ótkizu ýrdisining erekshelikterin, t.b.). ózgertui jii kezdesedi).

Rulyq - taypalyq jýiede - jýzdik, rulyq belgi ómir mәni dengeyine kóterilmeydi. Sondyqtan ol biylik kýshine ie emes. Adamnyng belgili topqa, ru-taypa, jýzge jatqyzyluy ózindik barabarlyqqa qyzmet etetin silteme-kórsetkishi rólin atqarady. Qauymdastyqpen barabarlyq - qoghamdy konsolidasiyalau faktoryna, toleranttylyq imperatiyvine ainaldy. Sondyqtan әngime "rushyldyq", "jershildik" nemese jeke adamdy mәnsizdendirip, jeke dauys mýmkindiginen aiyratyn kollektivizm turaly emes, adamnyng adam retinde qalyptasuy, individualizasiyasy, onyng refleksiyalau qabiletining damuy jәne túlgha retindegi jauapkershiligining artuy, basqalarmen qauymdasuyndaghy uaqyt pen kenistikting manyzdylyghyn moyyndauy, baghalauy turaly bolugha tiyis.

Britandyq әleumettanushy E.Giddensting pikirinshe, óz barabarlyghynyng dәstýrli formalarynan qol ýzgen individ әr joly týrli әleumettik jaghdaylarda ózin úghynu men óz tәrtibi týrin tandau aldyna qoyylady. Múnday qajettilik - tandau jasaugha kómek beretin arnayy refleksiyalau instituttarynyng payda boluyna (әleumettik bilim, moralidyq bilim, t.b.) yqpal etedi. Biraq onday refleksiyalar prisipialdy týrde ayaqtalmaytyndyqtan jәne saraptamalyq baghalaudyng salystyrmalylyghy, әri adam ómirining astarlarynyng kóptýrliligi adamdy ekzistensialdy qauipsizdik pen basqalargha senim mәselesining aldyna qoyady.

Kómek retindegi saraptamalyq bilimning dereksizdigi (abstraktylylyghy) adamdy tәrtip baghalaudyng dәstýrli ýrdisinen alystatady. Múndayda tәrtipti pragmatikalyq-situasiyalyq túrghydan baghalap qana qoymay, radikaldy adamgershiliktik prisipterdi aiqyndau qajettiligi tuady. Óitkeni ekzistensialdy senimsizdik, ontologiyalyq qauip sezimi dәl osy prisipterding joqtyghynan, qarastyrylmauynan tuady.

Ch.Teylordyng zerteuleri adam jauapkershiligi negizdeletin prinsipter jәne olardyng adamgershiliktik refleksiyasyna arnalghan. Refleksiya qúndylyqtargha sýienedi. Utilitarly qúndylyqtardyng ýstemdigi, dúrysy - rahattanu, lәzzat alu qúndylyqtarymen almastyryluy adamnyng óz-ózine beretin baghasyn tómendetedi. Múnday ýstemdik avtomatty týrde iske aspaytyndyqtan, adamnyng ózi turaly jasaytyn qorytyndylary negizinde tújyrymdalatyndyqtan, radikaldy baghalausyz ómir sýruge qúqymyz bar ma degen súraq tuady. Teylor pikirinshe, óz tәrtibimizde óz-ózimizdi baqylau qatysyp otyratyndyqtan, biz bәribir óz bolmysymyz ýshin jauaptymyz.

Tandaudyng moralidylyghy adamnyng óz-ózi turaly sheshimine, al ózdik (samosti) jobasy tolyghymen adamnyng radikaldy tandauyna, yaghny negizsiz tandauyna sýienedi. Radikaldy tandau boryshty ústanu nemese ony elemeu arasynda iske asady. Tandau arqyly adam ýshin nening mәndi-mәnsiz ekendigi kórinedi. Ol óz bolmysynyng terenindegi kim ekendigine sýiene otyryp sheshim qabyldaydy. Búl - tereng ózózdik refleksiya. Múnday refleksiya týri qúndylyqtardyng bar ekenin bildiredi. Tek sol qúndylyqtargha baghdar jasay otyryp qana adam ózin-ózi tandap, óz bolmysy turaly súraqty sheshedi. Osylaysha Teylor adamgershiliktik tәrtip - adam jauapkershiligine negizdeletin ózdik ólshemi - qúndylyqtar bastauyna sýienbey iske aspaytynyn kórsetti.

Rulyq jýiening integrasiyalyq funksiyasy.

Adam qoghamda ómir sýredi. Al onyng individualdy damuy qorshaghan dýniyege-qoghamdyq ómirge enuinen bastalady. Sondyqtan әleumettik integrasiyalanu - adam ómirindegi manyzdy faktor bolyp tabylady. Qazaq halqynyng kóshpendi tirshiligi (otyryqshylyq mәdeniyet pen túrmys atributtarynyng bolmauy, mal sharuashylyghynan ózge kәsippen shúghyldanbau), eldi mekender arasyndaghy jer alshaqtyghy saldarynan tuatyn kommunikasiya qiyndyghy, dinning alghashqy formalarynyng nasihattaluy, memlekettilikting әlsizdigi jәne poligamiyalyq semiya jaghdayynda kýn keshken halyq ómirinde asa kýshti integrasiyalyq motiv rólin atqarghan - rulyq-taypalyq jýie - kóshpendilik túrmys, ómirsalt jaghdayynda memlekettik qúrylym substansiyasy mindetin atqardy, dalalyq aimaqtaghy memlekettilikting eng ynghayly, dúrys, biregey balamasy boldy.

Rulyq-taypalyq jýie arqyly kóshpendi qazaq әleumettik ortagha enip, inkuliturasiyagha úshyrap, individ óz ortasynyng tәrtibin, ýlgi, daghdy, qúndylyqtaryn iygerdi. Rudyng mýshesi ózining shetsiz-sheksiz úlanghayyr jer betindegi kezdeysoq jel aidaghan qanbaq nemese teksiz qúl emes, ata tegi, eli men jeri, eltanbasy, dәstýri, túrmystyq tәrtipti qadaghalau, әkimshilik basqaru, jazalau tetikteri bar miniy-memleketting mýshesi, býtinning bólshegi ekendigin, al ol memleket óz kezeginde odan da keng qúrylymgha (taypagha, taypa - jýzge, jýz - últqa) enetinin andaydy. "Tuystas nemese kórshiles birneshe otbasy bir qonysta otyrsa -"auyl" ,"auyldas", "kórshi", irgesi alshaqtau bolsa "jerles", "qandas", jeti atadan qúralghandar (bir atanyng kindiginen taraghan), bir ata 13 atadan assa - "ru" . Birneshe ru qandastyqpen, ya bir mýddemen birikse - "taypa". Birneshe taypa "jýz" bolyp qauymdasady. Taypadan irilese "halyq" nemee "el", onyng memleket ishinde ózge últ, úlystarmen sayasy tendigi bolsa "úlys", derbes shekara, sayasi-ekonomikalyq tәuelsizdikke qoly jetse "memleket", tili men dәstýri, mәdeniyeti, ózindik meken jeri, әleumettik ruh-jigeri, etnikalyq ereksheligi ortaqtasyp, daralansa, "últ" bolady. [1]

"Jýz - tarihy әleumettik kategoriya. Ol baytaq qazaq saharasynda ghasyrlar boyy qalyptasqan kóshpeli sharuashylyqtyng jer ynghayyna qaray ornalasuyna baylanysty ekonomikalyq múqtajdyqtan tughan. Ár taypalyq odaq qys qonysyn, jaz jaylauyn kóshpeli tirshilikting ózindik ereksheligine qaray qúrghan. Ekinshi faktor, el qorghau, jer qorghau múddesinen tuyndaghan. Ýshinshiden, jeti atagha deyin qan aralastyrmay, túqym tazalyghyn saqtau arqyly etnostyng genetikalyq qoryn aman alyp qalugha baghyttalghan. Búl belgili bir geografiyalyq shenberde, belgili bir ortada ortaq býkilhalyqtyq baqylaugha alynghan. Ýsh jýz bola otyryp, qazaq elining tәuelsizdigin, qazaq jerining tútastyghyn qorghaghan. Ortaq til, dil, atameken halyqtyq birlikke, mýdde birligine qyzmet etken.

Jýz memlekettik funksiyany da oryndaghan. Jýz ishinde dau-damay, kósh-qon marshruty, rular arasyndaghy qarym-qatynas regionaldyq dәrejede sheshilgen. Jýzaralyq problemalar jer, qonys, el qorghau, qazaq jerining tútastyghy, әskery jasaq, ortaq qolbasshy, handar saylauy t.b. el, halyq dәrejesindegi problemalar kelisilip otyrghan. Sonymen birge ýsh jýz kórshi memlekettermen qarym-qatynasty birigip, últtyq biyiktikten barlay sheshken". [2]

Rulyq jýiening pozitivtilik mәni.

Rulyq-taypalyq jýie - kóshpendi boyyndaghy dýniyege degen bazalyq qatynas, әri adam psihikasynyng fundamenti bolyp tabylatyn manyzdy sezim - ómirding pozitivtiligi turaly senimdi qalyptastyrushy. Sondyqtan rulyq-taypalyq jýie dýniyege ashylghan tereze. Bizdi qorshaghan dýniyening boyauynyng qandaylyghy - ashyq-jarqyn nemese qara-qoshqyl týsterge malynuy -dýniyening naghyz óz týsi emes. Ol bizding ishki kýiimizding týsi. Jan-dýniyemizdi tynyshtyq pen quanysh jaylasa dýnie de jaryq, ishki dýnie alasapyran bolghanda ainala da kýngirttene, kómeskilene týsedi. Al ómir - sәt sayynghy kónil kýiimizding jiyntyghy. Sondyqtan әrbir adamnyng qanday dýniyede (ózin qoldap quattaytyn dýniyede nemese tyghyryq pen kýiinish, negativ jaylaghan ómirde) tirshilik kesherin anyqtaytyn onyng әleumettik ortasy. Qorshaghan dýniyeni eshkimge, eshnәrsege senuge bolmaytyn, syrtqy dýniyeden tek jamanshylyq kýtiletin jaghymsyz orta dep sanaytyn adam bolmay qoymaytyn baylanystardy amalsyzdyqpen, mәjbýrlikpen, ýlken kýdikpen, ózgelerge qatysty әrdayym qayshy pikir-sezimdermen atqarady. "Aynala-jau" ústanymymen ómir sýru auyr. Múnday oy adam dýniyesining әrdayym shiryghyp, oqys oqighagha dayyn jýruin talap etedi. Búl jýikege jýk týsiredi, nәtiyjesinde adam ishtey tozady. Ishte jatqan ýrey-qorqynysh týbinde bir qoparylyp syrtqa shyghatyny anyq. Biraq qanday kóriniste: jýike auruy (kópsózdilik, ashushandyq, depressiyalar, ózine-ózi qol salular), moralidyq auytqular (danghoylyq, ekijýzdilik, dýniyeqonyzdyq), tәn auytqulary (tәnge tanba salu - "ishke baghyttalghan qarsylyq" (Haydegger), sadizm, mazohizm, qyztekelik, t.b.).

Dýniyege pozitivti qatynasta qalyptasqan adam keleshekte de beybitkórshilestikti damytady. Óitkeni ol adam ýshin dýnie tartymdy da qyzyq. Sondyqtan qazaq ýshin әrkimdi óz ereksheligimen qosa qabyldap, әri ózin joghaltyp almau tabighy daghdy. Osylaysha qazaq qoghamynyng toleranttylyghy dәl osy rulyq-taypalyq jýieden bastau alady.

Rulyq jýie - emosionaldyq quat retinde

Rahat-lәzzat týrining eshqaysysy, tanymal psihoanalitik A.Kurpatov pikirinshe, adamnyng adammen tildesu rahatyn almastyra almaydy. Áytse de týptep kelgende biz bir-birimizben sóz emes, emosiyalar dengeyinde qatynas jasaymyz. Sóz - әshekey, al naghyz qatynas sezimder dengeyinde iske asady. Adam ýshin emosiyalyq baylanys - biologiyalyq qajettilik: biz sudy, azyq pen auany qalay qajet etsek, emosionaldy baylanysty da sonshalyqty qajetsinemiz. Óitkeni tolyqqandy emosionaldy kontakt joq jerde adamda bazalyq qauipsizdik sezimi qalyptaspaydy. Árbir adam ýshin ózining qalauly, syily, sýiikti әri qorghan-tiregi bar ekenin sezinu ómirlik mәsele, tәndik saulyq pen tolyqqandy túlghagha ainaludyng basty alghysharty. Sondyqtan psihologiyalyq qorghansyzdyqty, japa-jalghyzdyqty sezinbes ýshin adamgha túraqty emosionaldyq baylanys auaday qajet. Naghyz, shynayy, emosionaldyq-psihologiyalyq qauipsizdikti sezinu kýiine jetpegen adam óz ómirining barlyq salasyna intensivti týrde enip jatqan ýrey-qorqynyshtyng qúshaghynda kýn keshedi. Al ol "Salamatsyz?", "Qosh bolynyzben" emes, shyn peyilmen aitylatyn sózben nemese әbden syralghy bolghan kezde sózsiz de tuatyn jan jyluy arqyly beriledi. Týrli sebeptermen emosionaldyq baylanys ýzilgende olardyng ornyn qúrghaq sóz ben maghynasyz ritualdar basady. "Jýrekten shyqpaghan jýrekke jetpeydi" deydi Abay. "Adamgha adam qonaq bolmaydy, kónilge kónil qonaq bolady" deydi qazaq. Búl sezimdi otyryqshylyq mәdeniyette otbasy, újym, al azamattyq qoghamda memleket, jәne ejelden, adamzat tarihynda din qalyptastyryp keldi. Ómirsalty kóshpeli, memlekettik qúrylymy әlsiz, dini arhaikalyq, semiyasy poligamdy, qoghamy patriarhaldy zamanda manyzy ómirlik búl sezimdi beruge bir ghana qúbylys - rulyq-taypalyq jýie qana qabiletti edi.

Fiziologiyalyq saulyq, genofond tazalyghy

Japondyqtar aza tútatyn jәne azapty zardaby әlige deyin kórinip kele jatqan 1949 jylghy atom bombasynan Qazaqstanda ótkizilgen synaqtarda 500 ret jarylghan әrbir bombanyng kýshtiligi 100 ese. Soghan qaramastan Halyqaralyq Olimpiadalarda bas jýldeler iyemdenip jýrgen qazaq oqushy balalarynyng alghyrlyghy, oy quattylyghy, intellekt kórsetkishterining jogharylyghy jәne talay sayasiy-tarihi-ekologiyalyq nәubetterge tótep bergen qazaq últynyng qan tazalyghy, genofond beriktigi tek qazaq últyna tәn dәstýr "Jeti ata" qaghidasynyng arqasynda. Qan aralastyrugha zang nemese din, dәstýr qarsy kelmeytin elderde mýgedektiktin, túqym qualaytyn dertterding kóp bolatynyn ómir de, ghylym da dәleldeude. Bir biyeden tughan qúlynnyng úrpaqtary ózara shaghylysqanda dýniyege keletin tólding әljuaz, әri tirshiligi qysqa bolatynyn kórip jýrip múnyng tabighatqa qayshy qúbylys ekenine kózi jetken malshy qazaq keyinirek Sharighat әkelgen nemere, bóle aghayyndardyng qyz alysuy sanksiyasynan da bas tartyp, syndarly talghampazdyq pen dalalyq danalyq tanytyp qana qoymay, últ kóleminde keng tarap, úrpaq azghyndamauy ýshin qazaq ortasynda siyrek kezdesetin múnday qúbylysty qatang jazalap otyrghan (Shәkәrim. "Qalqaman-Mamyr").

Rulyq jýie - tarihy sauattylyq negizi

Óz әuletining eki ghasyrlyq "jeti ata" shejiresin jatqa bilu kóshpeli sanasynda úrpaq jalghastylyghy, ózining uaqyt tizbegindegi, keshe men erteng arasyn baylanystyratyn zveno ekendigi, óz tarihy - babalar tarihynyng tizbegi jәne onyng toqtausyz, dinamikalyq qozghalystaghy prosess ekeni, sondyqtan el men jer, babalar ruhy aldyndaghy boryshty abyroymen oryndau turaly ústanymdary qalyptasady. Búl oghan qoldau men senim, ishki dýniyesine quat berip, baqytqa jeteleytin motivasiyalyq faktorgha ainalady. Múnday sezim adamdy eng auyr toryghu men kýiinish nemese múqtajdyq jaghdayynda da orynsyz qylyq pen oqys oqighagha barmaudan saqtaydy.

Rulyq-taypalyq jýie - toleranttylyq matrisasy retinde

Poligamiyalyq semiya turaly dәstýrli úghym kópshilikting týsiniginde (әsirese Batysta) jeniltektik nemese әleumettik ozbyrlyq degen pikir qalyptastyrdy. Búl olay emes. Poligamiyalyq semiya kóshpeli ómirsalt jaghdayyndaghy janúya modeli boldy. Kóshpeli otbasynyng әrbir mýshesining óz orny, jalpy әdet boyynsha qalyptasqan óz qúqyqtary bar (josparlanbaghan bala degen joq - "әrbir sәby óz nesibesimen") "úl -shanyraq iyesi", "qyz qonaq" bolghanmen songhysyna kórsetiletin qúrmet sheksiz, qyz ben úl arasynda Ýndi, Qytay, t.b. Shyghys elderindegidey әleumettik, moralidyq psihologiyalyq diskriminasiya joq. Ýlken ýi, kishi ýiding balalary bolyp birge tuyp, birdey tirshilik keshu otbasy mýshelerin psihologiyalyq tózimdilik pen bayypty ústamdylyqqa baulydy. Ýlken otbasylarda jaghymdy kompromiss ruhy qalyptasyp, býkiladamzat qauymyn "men" jәne "ózge" (demek - jau!) dep emes, bir atanyng balalary retinde qabyldaudyng - toleranttylyqtyng negizi qalyptasty. Áriyne, onday otbasylarda da ýlken janjaldar tuyp, sony dramalargha úlasyp jatqan kezderi bolghany sózsiz. Sóitse de ertedegi jәne keyingi әdeby derekkózderin (biyler Kenesining sheshimi, Sheshendik sózder, "Abay joly", t.b.) zertteu onday mәselelerding barlyghy adamdar arasyndaghy qatynastardyng barlyq qyrlary men kýrdelilikteri jәne eng bastysy, ózara dialogtyng toqtalmauy kózdele otyryp sheshilgeni turaly qorytyndy jasaugha mýmkindik beredi.

Árbir tarihiy-mәdeny zertteuler barysynda jauap qarastyrylatyn negizgi súraqtar ýsheu. Olardyng alghashqysy jәne ejelgisi - "Qalay bolghan?". Jadynan aiyrylyp qalay eseygeni esten shyqqan, ne bolghanyn bilmeytin adamnyng tolyq mәndegi túlghagha ainalmaytyny siyaqty, óz ruhaniyatynyng qaynar kózin joghaltqan, syilaytyny men syiynary joq el sanaly, saliqaly qauym emes, mәngýrt tobyr bolmaq. Sondyqtan búl súraq jenil de bos qyzyghushylyq emes, adamzat pen halqynyng basynan keshkenning bәrin biluge degen tabighi, qajetti, zandy qúbylys.

Ekinshi "Nege olay bolghan?" dep shúqshiyatyn súraqtyng da manyzy ómirlik. Birinshi súraqtaghy siyaqty búl súraqqa da aldausyratatyn jauaptar beru orynsyz. Shyndyqty bilu, aqiqatty tanu keshendi tarihiy-metodologiyalyq zertteu beretin quanysh. Oghan qol jetpeyinshe adamzat kónili tynshymasa kerek. "Túzdalghan" bilim men tarih tәrbie men mәdeniyetke emes, senimsizdik pen ekiúdaylyqqa, túlghany ydyratu maqsatyna qyzmet etpek. Múndayda "ýndemeu" qaghidasy mәseleden qútqarmaydy: aitylmaghan oi, ashylmaghan aqtandaqtar, kerisinshe, aljastyrmaq bolghan jaghdaydy ashyq ta naqty zertteuge iytermeleydi. Búl, әsirese, songhy uaqytqa deyin zerttelmey kelgen, tanymal bolmaghan, obektivti týsindirmeden alys subektivti bagha men pikir aitylyp jýrgen últtyq iydeyalar men tarihy túlghalarymyzdyng múralaryna tikeley qatysty. Býgingi kýni tereng de bay últtyq oi-tarihymyzdyng jekelegen ilimderi men jekelegen ókilderi oilaryna bir múzarttan ekinshisine qozghalghanday qozghala otyryp, olardyng arasyna baylanys ornata otyryp, últtyq filosofiyalyq oidyng birtútas kelbetin qalyptastyru mýmkindigi tudy. Jәne osy saladaghy ózekti mәselelerding oily da jauapty týrde zerttelui әrqaysymyzdy ruhany bayyta týsip, qazaq filosofiyalyq oiynyng jetistigine ainalmaq.

Aldynghy ekeuinen tuyndaytyn manyzdy da songhy, ýshinshi súraq: "Qalay bolmaq?" ("Ne isteu kerek?"). Múnda zertteu ózining qalypty ayasynan asyp, keleshekke baghyt silteytin futurologiyalyq bilim, tәrtip, jýie sintezine, praktikagha ainalady. Boluy mýmkin sәtsizdikterden saqtandyryp, naqty maqsatqa jeteleytin tóte joldy núsqaydy. Teoriyalyq oidyng qajettiligi, manyzdylyghy da osynda.

Osy túrghydan alghanda kez-kelgen filosofiyalyq ilim ózining kýndelikti ómirding terendegi astaryn ashuymen, týsindiruimen - praktikalyq, etikalyq qyrlarymen qúndy. Óitkeni dýniyening payda boluy, qúrylymy jәne ondaghy adam orny turaly týsinikter týptep kelgende adamnyng kýndelikti tәrtibimen baylanysty. Sondyqtan barlyq iydeyalardy bir ghana kriyteriymen tekseruge, synaugha bolady: ol iydeya kommunikasiyanyng damuyna jol asha ma, joq pa?

Qorytyndy: nemis oishyly K. Yaspers tilimen aitqanda, adamdar baylanysyn nyghaytatynnyng bәri aqiqat. Demek, býgingi úrpaq ómirine transformasiyalanyp, әrbir túlghany jetildiruge qyzmet etetin, tarihy qalyptasyp, tanymymyzda saqtalghan rulyq-taypalyq jýie qúbylysy - transsendentaldy shyndyq. Onyng qúndylyghyn baghalamau, búrmalau, mәnin elemeu әreketteri - ózining naghyz bolmysyna degen adam úmtylysynyng qúldyrau shejiresine bastau beredi.

Paydalanylghan әdebiyetter:

1.Qozybaev M. Qazaq shejiresiA., 2005

2.Qozybaev M. Qazaq shejiresi A., 2005

3.Rahmetúly Sh. Mongholiya qazaqtarynyng ata-tek shejiresi. Ólgiy,1977, 3-bet.

Gәuhar Abdrasilova, filos.ghyl.k., Shymkent q.

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