Mekkede uaqyp ýy salyp,

                                                                             Pәter ghyp, jaqqan shyraqty.

                                                                                                                (Abay)

Sóz basy

Qily zamannyng qyspaghynda telmirgen almaghayyp-alasapyran kezende otarlaushy elding bodanyna ainalyp, dingeginen aiyrylugha shaq qalghan mihnatty dәuirde temirdey qatang tәrtip ornatyp, ghadildikti tu etken dara dana últtyq ruhany órkeniyetti asqaqtatyp, el ensesin aspandatqan, tarihy tilmen aitqanda, feodaldyq kezende ghúmyr sýrip «qaradan shyghyp han bolghan, aiyrdan shyghyp nar bolghan» úly dalanyng dara dilmary atanghan Qúnanbaygha әdeby jәne tarihy túlgha retinde berilgen bagha óz zamanynyng arystanday qayratker ekendigin aighaqtaydy.

Synaghy men zaualy zapyrangha ainalghan zamanda senzuranyng oghyna úshyrap, shytyrmannyng shyrghalanyna ainalyp, obrazy barynsha búrmalanghan keyipker ekendigi taghy bar. 

Ol әdiletsizdikting kilti «Abay» roman-epopeyasynyn: «Qaytqanda»,  «Qat-qabatta», «Shytyrmanda», «Bel-beleste»,  «Órde», «Qiyada» degen әrbir bólimining attarynda jatyr. Birine-biri jalghap, bir saty ótsen, qat-qabat, shytyrmandar arqyly bel-beleske, órge, qiyagha shyghyp kele jatqan Abaydy kóresin. Búl – ýzdiksiz ósip kele jatqan Abaydyng joly. Sonymen birge búl Qúnanbaydyng da baspaldaqtary. Osy satylardy tómen qaratyp qoyyp, ayaghynan basyna qaray oqysaq, búl jogharydan yldilap kele jatqan Qúnanbaydyng joly bolyp shyghady... Biri – kóterilu, biri – týsu, tómendeu joly» (Ghabit Mýsirepov), yaghni, keyipker Qúnanbaydyng taghdyry әu basta sheshilip qoyghan.

Oghan jalghan da, jazmysh ta, jazushy da kinәli emes. [T.Júrtbay «Qúnanbay» 3-bet] Sayyn dalanyng tósinde Alashtyng arda amanatyn moynyna arqalaghan imanyna berik túlghanyn, eskining jamap jasqaushysy, janagha jau bolyp elge mýlde basqa qyrynan kelui – tarihy tanymnyng kórkem әlemge qúlash úrghanymen ólshenedi. Búl zandylyqqa kinәli Áuezov emes ekendigin de júrtshylyq bilui tiyis. «Otar elding tarihyn, otarlaushy el jazady». (Javaharlal Neru) Astarly sózding syryna Neruding sózimen emeurin bildiru arqyly oiymyzdy úshtay týselik endeshe. Arghy-tegi babalardan bertin kele adaldyqty ishken asynan artyq kórip, janyn arynyng sadaghasy etken óresi biyik Óskenbay bi, odan әrmen qaray Kengirbaydan beri biylik ýzilmey shynshyldyqty shamshyraq qylghan tamyry men tanymy tereng babalarynyng kósegesin kógertken úly senimi men sәuegeyligin myzghymas serigine ainaldyrdy. Tamyry tereng tanymnan ózindik nәrin býkil adamzattyng dýniyetanymyna boylattyrghan dilmar dәnin dýniyege әkeldirdi.  Ol dәn – Abay edi. Ghalamgha núryn shashqan jana zaman jolynda úly әke arman tilegin Abayynyng jolynda qúrban etti. Alayda Abay bar maqsat-múratyn adamzattyng payym-parasaty arqyly әke amanaty dep úghynghanday.

                           Jana jyldyng basshysy – ol,

                           Men eskining arty edim,

dep, - Abay úly Ábdirahmangha aitqan joqtauynda ózin әke orynbasary  etip dәripteydi. Al Múhtar Áuezov ózining qoljazbasynda: «Men óz júmysymda, sóz joq ózimizding sovet jazushylarynyng tәjiriybesin paydalandym» dep oqyrmangha týsinik beredi de «búl rette men qoghamdaghy eski men jananyng kýresi turaly aitqan IY.V.Stalin pikirlerine barymsha zer saldym... Abay kezindegi qazaq dalasynda kýni ótip bara jatqan, biraq tamyry әli de terendegi eskini men Qúnanbay obrazyna jinaqtadym. Al, onyng balasy Abay boyynda endi tuyp kele jatqan jana bar»[12,108-b] Jazushynyng týpki maqsaty – әke men balany bir-birinen alastatu emes-ti. Múhannyng jogharydaghy sózi – sosialistik realizm baghytynda qoldanghan negizgi qaruy. Kenes iydeologiyasynyng yrqynan shygha almaghandyqtan aldaghy eki joldyng birin tandau Múhana auyr tiygeni dausyz. Múnymen Qúnekemning beynesi týgelimen teristelip ketpeydi ghoy. Asan qayghynyng sózimen aitqanda: «taza minsiz asyl tas, su týbinde jatpaydy». Endigi mindetimiz qalghan dýdamaldyng týiinin qolymyzdan kelgenshe ózderinizge jetkizu.

 Qaradan shyghyp han bolghan

«...Sonda Qúnanbaydyng jalghyz sau kózi, onyng kóterinki jal-túmsyghynyn  sol iyghyna shyghyp alyp, qalghymay, saqshyday baghyp, osy ónirdi qalt etpey kýzetip túrghan siyaqtanady. Qoya bersin, salghyrttyghy joq sergek qatal kýzetshi. Búl romandaghy Qúnanbay beynesining tamshyday ghana parasy. Qajynyng ómiri men ghúmyrda jasaghan sauaby mol iygi isterine sayahat jasaudy jón kórdik. 

Qúnanbay qajy Óskenbayúly 1804 jyly Shynghystaudyng bókterindegi Aqshoqy qystauyndaghy Óskenbay biyding otbasynda dýniyege kelgen. Yaghny tyshqan jyly. Bir qyzyghy Mәshhýr Jýsip Kópeevting deregine sýiensek qajy qoy jylynda tuylghan eken. Bizge jetken mәlimettermen salystyrsaq, 1804 jyldan keri qaray qoy jyly – 1799 al, algha qaray sanasaq – 1811 jyldy megzeydi. Demek, dәlel men dәiek naqty emes, qoldaghy bary boljam ghana. Sonymen qajynyng Anasy – Zere. 1785 jyly jalghannyng esigin ashqan. Óskenbay biyding bәibishesi. Azan shaqyryp qoyghan esim – Toqbala. Óskenbay by 5 әielinen 10 bala sýigen eken. Zereden – Qúttymúhambet (jasynda dýniyeden ozghan), Qúnanbay, Taybala atty 3 sәby dýniyege keledi. Zere anany Yrghyzbay júrty, barsha auyl adamdary «kәri ana» dep ataghan kórinedi. Kóz kórgender: Zere anany «óte sózge sheshen, qissa-dastandardy jatqa biletin, әngimening ajaryn keltiretin jan edi» dep sipattaydy. 88 jasynda dýnie salghan.

Ákesi – Óskenbay Yrghyzbayúly. Jastayynan zerek, esti bolyp ósedi. Kengirbay by Yrghyzbay jastay qaytys bolghan son, inisining ornyna osy  balasy Óskenbaydy sýienish etken-di. Qartayghan kezinde jol óz balasy Eralyniki bolsa da, batasyn berip, Óskenbaydy by saylaydy. El auzynda «Ising adal bolsa, Óskenbaygha bar» degen sóz tekke aitylmasa kerek. Adaldyghymen, eline degen sýiispenshiligi arqasynda búqara halyqtyng qoshemetine bólengen. 1850 jyly 72 jasynda qaytys bolady.

Qúnanbay qajynyng bir boyynda astasyp jatqan óneri, qayratkerligi, sheshendigi, aqyndyghy, danyshpandyghy tektiler túqymynyng jalghasy ekendigin aiqyn anghartady. Qajy jasynan jauyryny jerge tiymegen baluan, nayzager bolyp ósti, qatal da әdildigimen erekshelenip, әkesi Óskenbay biyding el biyleu isine aralasady. 1834 jyly әkesining ornyna Kýshik-Tobyqty bolysynyng starshyndyghyna saylanady, osydan bastap 1856 jylgha deyin biylik tizginin qolynan  shygharmaghan. Halyqtyng iygi isteri ýshin janyn ayamay qyzmet etedi, iman jolynda, Alla jolynda kóptegen sauabty isterding basyn qayyrady. Ásirese, agha súltandyqqa saylanghan son, oilaghan úly armandaryn jýzege asyra bastaydy. Ol qazaq balalaryn jappay sauattandyru edi. Agha súltandyqqa deyin 1845 jyly Qúnanbay shekara basqarmasyna hat jazady. Óz hatynda qazaq balalaryn sauattandyru ýshin uchiliyshe ashudy súraydy. Shekara basqarmasy óz rúqsatyn bergenimen, 2 tildi birdey mengergen ústaz taba almaydy. Sóitip, arada biraz uaqyt ótkennen keyin, 1851 jyly Tobyqty elining ishindegi «Esentaydyng qyzyly» degen jerden medrese ashady. Qazirgi tanda búl medesening orny ghana saqtalghan. Qúnekem medrese salumen shektelip qana qoymaydy. Múnan song eldi imangha shaqyratyn oryn, yaghny Allanyng jerdegi ýii, meshit saludy kókseydi. 1849-1852 jyldary Qarqaralyda agha súltandyq qyzmette jýrip, taghy da shekara basqarmasyna hat jazady. Sonyng negizinde meshitting qúrylysy 1850 jyly 7 qantarda bastalyp, 1851 jyly 11 tamyzda ayaqtalady. Búl meshit qazirgi tanda da imannyng úly ordasyna ainalyp kele jatyr desek artyq aitqandyq emes.

El ensesin keregedey kerip, halyqqa әkesindey qamqor bola bilgen, Allagha adaldyqtan taymaymyn dep sert bergen Qúnanbay búl fәniyde ajalmen de betpe-bet kelgen tústary da az bolmaghan, bir emes eki ret. Halqy basshysyn sýise, basshysy halqyn sýise naghyz ruhany bolmys-bitimning qaynar kózi soda jatyr dep úgharymyz sózsiz. Sol siyaqty Qúnanbay da halqynyng sýiispenshiligine bólengen jan edi. Eki ret ajal alqymyna taqalghanda elining Tәnirge jalbarynyp tilegen tilekteri qabyl bolyp amanat jany aman qalghan desedi. Onyng birin kórnekti filolog, Abaytanushy ghalym Túrsyn Qúdageldiúly «Qúnanbay» atty kitabynda bylay bayandaydy: «Qúnanbaydyng denesine kóksheshek qaptap shyghyp, eki kózin ashtyrmay, kirpigi qimyldaumen ólim auzynda jatady. Aranyn ashqan ajal ony buyndyryp, janyn alqymyna әkeledi. Qúnanbaydy onasha ýige salyp, ata-anasy baghyp otyrady. Ol jatqan ýidi halyq qorshap, ajalgha qarsy túrady. Kempirler kýndikterin, shaldar kiselerin moyyndaryna salyp, erkek-әielder enirep, Qúdaydan Qúnanbaydyng janyn qaldyrudy súrap tilek tileydi. Aytylmaghan kók qasqa, Aqsarbas qalmaydy».[53-bet] Mine, osynday el tilegi birneshe kýnge sozylyp, Qúnanbay tәuir bolady.

Al ekinshi ajaldan qaluy bylay bolsa kerek: Qúnanbaydyng qayyn atasynan qolqalap alghan «Torsholaq» atty túlpary bolypty. Birde el shetine jau tiyip, Qúnanbay auylynyng jylqysy barymtagha týsedi. Torsholaghyna minip, barymtashylardyng sonyna týsken jalghyz qughynshy – Qúnanbaydyn  keudesine jau nayza qadasa da atynan audaryp týsire almapty. Sonynan jetken halqy nayzanyng ornynan suday sorghalap, shapshyp jatqan qandy toqtatyp jarasyn tanady. Qúnanbay nemeresi «Shahkәrimge» búl oqighany bylay bayandap bergen eken: «Kýn joghary kóterilip, sәske bolghan kezde kózimdi ashsam, qanym keuip barady eken. Bir ayaq airan shalapty dem almay biraq jútyp, az demalyp  ainalama qarasam tóniregim tolghan adam. Bәrinin  kózinde jas, qariyalar kiselerin moyyndaryna salghan, Alladan tilek tilep, mening janymdy aman qaldyruyn súrap túr eken. Eger elding sol tilegi bolmaghanda, men ólgen adam edim. Kóp tilegi kóp bolyp, kópting tilegin Qúday qabyl etip, aman qaldym. Meni tenge salyp, Shynghystaudyng syrtyndaghy Qarabatyr, Ánet auyldaryna alyp kelgende, aldymnan kәri atalar, qart-analar, qatyn-balalar shulap, «a, qúdaylap» shyqqandaghy olardyng maghan degen  kirshiksiz jýrekterinin, aq niyetterinin, adal tilekterining aughanyn auyzben aityp jetkizu qiyn shyghar».[58-bet]

Áytsede, Qúnanbay ajaldan aman qaluyn, halqynyng mahabbatyna bólengendiginen, jasaghan iygi jaqsylyqtary men el tilegen tilekteri hәm ystyq yqylastarynan dep týigen eken.      

Ádil jaza                     

Alla-Taghala aitady: «Senderden arsyzdyq istegen ekeuin de jazagha tartyndar. Eger ekeui de tәube etip, týzelse, olardan bet búryndar. Negizinen Alla, tәubeni qabyl etushi, erekshe meyirimdi.» 

Jaratushynyng razylyghy ýshin adamgershilik jolynda mal saryp qylghan, әdiletsizdik ataulynyng tamyryna balta shauyp, imanyn qúrmettep, nasybay atugha tyiym salghan qajy halyqtyng paydasy men qamy ýshin, ruhany bolmysy bólek túlghagha ainalghanyna senimimiz kәmil. Alayda kóshpeli qazaq qoghamynyng tynysh ómirin búzghan, Abay tuardan ilgerirek jәne qazaq saharasynda bolghan, elding jaghasyn ústatarlyq tarihy tragediya bolghan-dy. Búl jaghday keyinnen basqalay búrmalanyp, qalyng oqyrmangha kórkemdik shyndyq túrghysynda berildi. («Abay» romany arqyly) Ol – «Qamqa men Qodar» oqighasy. El auzy: «Qamqa men Qodar» zinaqorlyqqa barghan desedi. Qamqa – kelini, Qodar – atasy. Qodardyng Qútjan atty úly bolghan, kýnderding kýninde búl balasy auyr indetke úshyrap o dýniyelik bolady da keyinnen halyq arasynda: «kelini men atasy qosylyp jýr» degen sybystyng oty úshqyndaydy. Qúnanbay Qodardyng qystauyna astyrtyn jorgha Júmabay sekildi shabarmandaryn jiberip býgingining tilimen aitqanda barlau jýrgizedi. Mәselening aq-qarasy ashylghannan keyin Qúnekem Ahmet Rizanyng fәtuasyn alady. Bir oilandyratyny jazushy epopeyada eki keyipkerge jaghylghan qarany aqtamaydy. «Tegi, jiyn ishinde býgin eki sóz auyzdan-auyzgha kóshken tәrizdi. Ekeui de Qodar sózi dep aitylghan. Bireui búryp alghan sóz de, bireui dәl óz sózi. Sonyng alghashqysy Qodardy kinәlaushy sóz. Býgingi qatal jazanyng dәleli, tiregi. Ol: «Qúday maghan qylsa, men Qúdaygha qylam!» depti dep, óltirushilerding qayta-qayta aitatyn sózi.»[1,42-bet] Romandaghy kýrmeuli oidy Shәkerimning «Qodardyng ólimi» dastany da quattaydy:

                        Arghy atamyz Oljaydan ýsh bolar,

                        Aydos, Qaydos, Jigitek – mine osylar.

                        Qaydostyng bir balasy Borsaq degen,

                        Sonyn  bir túqymy edi batyr Qodar.

                        Bar edi sol kisining bir jaqsy úly,

                        Qaza jetip ólipti sol bir jyly.

                        Jesir qalghan kelinin Qodar alyp,

                        Qylmaytyn isti qylghan Qúday qúly.

                        Jasyrmay aita bersem, sózding shyny –

                        Qúdaygha eregisip qyldy múny.

                      «Balamdy alsan, men de aldym kelinimdi,

                        Qane, ata ghoy dep qyldym» - deydi osyny, -

degen joldar keltirilgen. Búl oqighanyng negizi romanda bylay bastalady: «Biraq әneugini Qúnekeng myna Syban ishine topqa barsa,sonda Soltabay tóre osyny betine salyq qypty. Myna kisi tórege nasybaydy tastasanshy degende, anau: «Men nasybayymdy tastayyn, biraq Shynghystyng bókterindegi shashty saytanyndy sende tyisanshy!» dep, betinen alypty deydi. Soghan namysy kelip, Qúnekenning qatulanyp otyrghany әlgi ghoy, - dedi.»[1,26-bet]

Kitapta «Qodar men Qamqanyn» jaqyndyghy tómendegidey surettelgen: «Ózining әkelik jýregi ózine mәlim. Balalyq jaqyndyghy Qamqanyng da ózine mәlim – berik. Sol qayghy ýstinde kýndegi bir-birine múng aitu, kýrsine otyryp zarlaryn shaghu, ekeuin әbden kelin men ata halinen ketirip, ortaq qayghydaghy ene menen kelindey nemese әke men baladay jaqyndatqan. Adam men adam bop tanysyp, tabysqan-dy.»[1,31-bet] Atalmysh keyipkerlerdi kenestik kezeng beyshara, әdiletsizdikting beykýnә qúrbandary etip beynelegen. Qúnanbaydy qatygez, sharighat ýkimderin jamylyp alyp, jazyqsyz jandardyng janyn qighan zúlym etip kórsetken. Al búl oqigha romanda Abay qaladan Shynghysqa qaytyp kelgen uaqytta 13 jasar bala keypinde kuә bolady. Týptep kelgende búl oqigha Abaydan ilgerirek zamanda bolghan eken, shamamen 1834-1840 jyldary. Romandy oqyp otyrsaq, búl derekterding tarihy shyndyqpen janaspaytyndyghyn kóremiz. Taghy bir aita keterligi,  jazalau ýstinde Qamqa elding kózinshe: «Qodardy bir sýigiz» degen arsyzdyqqa barghan desedi. Búl túrghyda Shahkәrimning de aitqany da  bar: 

                           Anau jartasqa apardy elden tasa,

                           Tereng qúz Han ózenge qúighan asha,

                           Qatyn sonda Qiyalgha jalynypty:

                         «Qodardy bir sýigiz, - dep tym bolmasa»,- dep

Qamqanyng arsyzdyghyn osy arada jyrlap ótken. Sýiekke tanba, úrpaqtyng betine salyq bolmasyn dep, – Qúnanbay  әdil sheshimimen jaza kesip, yqylym zamannan qany taza qazaqty jamandyq pen jiyirkenishti dýniyelerden ada etudi kózdegeninde kәdik joq. Sonday-aq romandaghy «Ámir men Ýmitey» atty  eki jastyng mahabbaty da basa nazarda aitylady. Epopeyadaghy  búl oqighanyng týbine ýnilip qarar bolsaq, jýrek jarasynyng qanyn suday sorghalatar kórgensiz mahabbat búl. Birjan sal Abay auylynda qonaq bolghan tústa osy eki keyipker bir-birine yntyq bolyp, jýrekterine mahabbat úshqynyn úyalatqan sezim úshqyny «Ámir men Ýmitey arasynda payda bolady. Osy jaghdaydy estigen Qúnanbaydy romanda qalay beynelegen? Yzanyng yrqyna jipsiz baylanghan buyndaryn ashu baylap, qatygezdikting apanyna enip baryp, qos qolyn qúbylagha búryp teris batasyn beredi. «Qyzaryp atqan tanda, mynau zaual tanda... Ayttym atalyq qarghysymdy. Menen tughan aram qan, bәdbәhit nәsilderim mynau ekeui. Jaratqan iyem, ya kәrim Alla, mening qolymnan óltirtpedin. Bendeng bolghan bar tilegim, aq tilegim so bolsyn. Al mynau ekeuin! Jiber ózinning aq búiryqty ajalyndy. Uyn, zәrin ózgege jaymay túrghanda joy kózderin, joghalghyrlardyn!» Osynau sózderding astaryna ýnilseniz, Qúnanbay sózining dúrystyghyna bir qadam jaqynday týsesiz. Mysalgha: «Bәdbәhit nәsilderim» búl ózimning «qanym» degen úghymgha sayady. Yaky Ámir – Qúdayberdining balasy, Al Ýmitey – Ysqaqtyng qyzy, ekeui de Qúnanbaydyng nәsilderi. Búl uaqigha turaly Áuezovting qoljazbasy ne dep syr shashar eken?! «Qúnanbay Mekkeden kelgen song dýnie әreketinen boyyn aulaq salyp, jónine jatqan siyaqtanady. Biraq ol qarap jatpaydy. Ilgeri basqandy órmekshidey shyrmap, kerek kezinde alys-júlysqa qayta shyghady. Endi ol morali saqtaghansyp, Ámirdi, ony sýigen Ýmiteydi sol niyetine qúrban etpek bolady. Abay onyng búl әreketine yzamen kýiip kelip, «dәuiring ótti, tek jat» degendey qatal baylauyn eskertedi. Búl aradaghy әke men bala tartysy -  iri qoghamdyq sipattaghy әleumettik tarihy kýres.» Áuezov búl jerde tarihy túlgha «Qúnanbay» emes, әdeby keyipker «Qúnanbay» turaly sóz qozghap otyr.

 Qúnanbay ómir sýrip jatqan tústa Kenesary Qasymúly bastaghan qozghalys býkil Alash balasynyng basyna týsken auyrtpalyq edi. Sol qozghalysqa Qúnanbaydyng yqpaly:

1837 jyly Kenesary Qasymúly bastaghan qozghalys bastalady. Búl kezde Qúnanbay «starshyn» lauazymyna ie bolghan-dy. Býlikshi Kenesaryny toqtatu maqsatymen arnayy ekspedisiyalyq otryadtar qúrylady. Búl ekspedisiyagha orys otryady Qúnanbaydy 150 kisimen ertip alady. Kenesarynyng qaramaghynda eki jarym mynday әsker bolsa kerek. Balqashqa tayap qalghanda, besin kezinde Kenesarynyng qoly namaz oqyp túr eken. Orys otryadtarynyng qoldarynda snaryadtar jәne zenbirekteri men múzday qarulanyp kelse kerek, Kenesarynyng qolyna oq atayyn dep jatqan sәtte Qúnanbay: «Eger Kenesary tobyna qaray oq atar bolsandar, biz senderge qosylmaymyz, saparymyzdy osy jeden toqtatamyz, namaz oqyp túrghanda oq atu dinimizge jat qylyq» deydi. Osy sózden keyin, qazaqtargha oq atylmaghan desedi. Sol jaghdaydan keyin Qúnanbay ózimen erip kelgen adamdardy jiyp jiyn qúrady: «Biz óz dinimizge qarsy shyqpaymyz, bireuing Kenesarynyng otryadyna tiyispeysin, oq atpaysyn» dep toqtau salghan eken. Qúnanbay Kenesarygha qarsy ekspedisiyagha qatysqany ýshin, patsha ýkimetinen marapattaular da alghan. Solardyng biri: 1852 jyly 24 jeltoqsanda býlikshi Kenesary Qasymovqa baghyttalghan qyzmette Qúnanbaygha patsha ýkimeti «horunjiy» ataghyn berdi dep jazady. Ol jaghy tariyhqa ayan. Qajynyn  parasattylyghy men kóregendiligi arqasynda, keyingige ýlgi bolarlyqtay zor qasiyetterimen erekshelinip, halqyn sýigen perzent bolyp, músylmanda aty ólmeytin úly túlghagha ainalghany sózsiz-aq.

 Imanmen úiyghan ómir

(Tektiler túqymynyng jalghasy)

Baqara sýresi (260): Alla jolynda mal saryp qylghandardyng mysaly: Ár sabaghynda, jýz týiir ósken jeti sabaqty úryq tәrizdi. Ári Alla kimge qalasa, neshe ese arttyra beredi. (261) Sonday hayyr istegender, bergenderine mindetsu, renjitu aralastyrmasa, (berip, alyp, búldanbasa, keyitpese) olargha Rabbylarynyng húzyrynda syilyq bar. (244) Kim Allagha kórkem qaryz berse, (Alla jolynda yqylaspen mal júmsasa) sonda Alla (T). Ol ýshin kóptegen ese arttyryp beredi.

Shejireshi Beken Isabaydyng aituynsha: Qúnanbaydyng Múhtardyng arghy atasy Berdiqojagha aitqany bar: «Mening últym nadan. Aram ólgen mal kórse, sening ólgening jana, mening kórgenim jana dep jey beredi» degen taghylymgha toly tәmsilining astarynda últtyq ruhany dýnie jatqanyn angharugha bolady. Últtyq dingegting tamyryna ýnilsek onda úly ghibrat bar. Allanyng hatqa týsken kitabyn dәripteytin, imandylyq degen baylyqtyng týiindelip jatqanyn kóremiz. Imandylyq barsha izgi qasiyetterding biregey shyny bolyp sanalady. Qajy ómirining sonynda Allagha bet búryp, payghambardyng izimen tauap qylyp, oraza tútyp, Jaratushynyng bes paryzyn oryndau maqsútymen, Qúnanbay 71 jasynda músylmandardyng qasiyetti ordasy – Mekkege sapar shegudi niyet etedi. Qasyna ózining asyrap alghan, ini esebinde qadirlep-syilaghan janashyr bauyry  Izghúttyny ertip, joldan Qarakesek Baybóri ruynan shyqqan, búryndary mekkege birneshe ret baryp qaytqan qajy Óndirbay halfege aityp, sol kisini jolbastaushy retinde ertip ketedi. Abay mekkege barar joldyng kartasyn syzyp, jýretin joldy úqtyryp, qaghazgha bar qajettilikterdi jazyp bergen eken. Ol kýnde jol qatynasy óte qiyn, Semeyden at arbamen shyghyp Qarqaralygha soghyp, odan Omby qalasyna baryp, poezgha minip,  Qara tenizden parohodqa otyryp, kóp ejdihat kórip, bir aidan asqanda Mekkege jetedi. Qúnanbay barghan uaqytta qajy bolugha barghan qazaq az eken. Barlyq ýsh jýzding balasynan barushylar sany 7-8 ghana adam bolghan desedi. Búlar barghanda, búryn barghan qajylar ornalasyp qoyghandyqtan, qazaqtargha jatatyn oryn tabylmaghan son, Qúnanbay arabsha biletin bir tilmәshti jaldap alyp, qalanyng basshysyna baryp, hal-jayyn aityp, jatar oryn súrasa: 

- Basshy: «Sizder qanday halyqsyzdar»? - deydi.

- Biz qazaq degen halyqpyz dese,

- Basshy: «bizge jer ýstindegi músylman halqy jylda kelip Qaghbany tauap qyp qaytady. Qazaq degen músylman el bar dep búl birinshi estigenimiz», - deydi.

- Qúnanbay qaytyp joldastaryna qatty qapalanyp keledi. Mәnisin súraghanda, managhy basshynyng sózin aitady.

- Jer jýzinde bizding qazaqtan qor halyq joq eken. Barlyq músylmannyng úiytqysy bolghan Mekke bastyghy aty-jónimizdi bilmedi, – deydi. Sol qazaqtan barghan qajylardyng ishinde kishi jýz Myrqy degen adam bar eken.  Sol kisi:

- «Qúnanbay, sen bosqa nalyma, qazaq elining atyn shygharam deseng keyingi qazaq túqymyna múra bolyp qalarlyq bir qonaq ýy salghyz, ne dayyn ýy satyp al, púl menen bolsyn, enbek senen bolsyn», - depti. Soghan uәde baylasyp, ózge qajylar eline qaytqanda, qazaq tәkiyesi, yaghny qonaq ýiin salghyzbaqshy bolyp Qúnanbay Mekke qalasynda qalady. Oghan Myrqy bir myng som qarajat beredi. Ózge qajylar da shamasynsha kómek kómek berisedi. Qoshtasarda Qúnanbay Myrqygha qarap bylay dep ýn qatady.:

- «men tiri bolsam, búl júmysty oryndamay qaytpaymyn, osy qonaq ýidi sizding atynyzgha jazdyramyn» dese, Myrqy:

- «olay emes, men mal berdim, sen janyndy qiyp saldyrdyn, sondyqtan  maldyng atyna jazdyrma, jan qighan óz atyna jazdyr» deydi. Sóitip Qúnanbay birneshe ailar jatyp 100 adam siyatynday, (bir derekterde 12 bólmeden túratyn) qonaq ýy saldyrady. Tarihta búl «Qúnanbaydyng tәkiyesi» degen atpen qalady.  Osynday tanymdyq tektilikpen, Jaratqannyng núryn alyp, el razylyghyn jýregine sinirgen Qúnanbay adaldyghy men ghadilettiligi arqasynda tarih pen әdebiyet sahnasynda óshpestey izin qaldyrdy.

                                                     ***

                                   Músylmangha qoymaghan

                                   Orynsyz janjal shataqty,

                                   Eregisken jaularyn

                                   Kisen salyp matapty.

                                   Zeket jiyp, egin sap,

                                   Toydyrghan gharip, jataqty.

                                   Eskendir, Temir, Shynghystay

                                   Músylmanda ataqty.

Álbette Qúnekem turaly ne aitsaqta Ibrahimnen asyryp aita almasymyz anyq. Shyndyghyna kóshsek, Ibrahim Qúnanbaydyng salghan taghylymnyng arqasynda últtyq bolmys bitim men ruhany janashyldyqtyng negizin qalady. Bala Telgharanyn, Dana Abay bolyp qalyptasuyna Qúnanbaydyng sara joly men dara danghyly, meyirim-shafqaty orasan. Qúnanbaydyng dariyaday ghylymynyng ózi bala Abaydyng janynda «aspangha minbelep túrghan tauday» edi. Biyikke myqtap, minbelep túrghan sol tau әmanda baurayyndaghylardy ózine tartyp túrady emes pe?! Sol biyik shyngha qarap, biyiktep birte-birte damyldap boy týzeytini taghy bar.

Ghalymnyng haty ólmeydi

Zaman ótken sayyn qazaqtyng «tórt qúbylasy» mәngi jasara bermek. Qúnanbay, Ibrahiym, Shahkәrim, Múhtar. Búl tórt qúbyla qazaqy últtyq tanymnyng úly simvoly. Bәri de últ ýshin ter tókken alash balasynyng manday aldy perzentteri, bizding dana babalarymyz. Elin úlyqtaghan erdi, eli de úlyqtaydy. Aqiqattyng aldaspany Bauyrjan atamyz Múhana «Seni әdebiyetting polkovniygi» dep ataymyn dese, I.Omarov 1958 jylghy 15 tamyzda jazghan «Halyqtyq epopeya»  atty maqalasynda «...Áuezov óz epopeyasynda Abay ónerliligining (tvorchestvosynyn) tereng mәnin dәl sonday úghynghan. Osy maghynada Abaydy Áuezov sol shamshyraqty qolyna ústap, kóshpeli feodalizmning ne bir menireu týkpirleri men qaranghy qapastaryn aralap ketedi de, zorlyq-zombylyq, qatal-jauyzdyq, әdiletsizdik, siyaqty qara kýshterding oinaghy bolghan neshe týrli búralang shatqaldaryn kóz aldyna jarqyratyp әkeledi.» Ilekeng Áuezov pen qatar romandaghy oqighalar men keyipkerlerdi osylaysha úlyqtaydy. Tәmsil Qúnanbay haqynda bolghandyqtan onyng ghúmyry tartys pen kýreske toly kezderin Allagha qúlshylyq etu arqyly sanalandyrdy. Sonday-aq Qúnanbaydyng da sheshendigi ózgeden oq boyy ozyq túrmasa kem týspeytin. Endeshe jauhar jyrdy jipke tizelik.

                               Pút boldym dep maqtanba,

                               Púttan auyr batpan bar.

                               Biyikpin dep maqtanba,

                               Asqar-asqar taular bar.

                               Ar jaghynda aspan bar.

                               Basyna baqyt qondy dep,

                               Tosylmaymyn endi dep

                               Aldaushy jalghan dýniyege,

                               Ghapyl bolyp ozbandar.

                               Qarsy kelgen dúshpanyn,

                               Basyn kelip iyzese,

                               Oghan da qyl bostandyq.

                               Ayaqqa salyp baspandar,-

degen qanatty aforizmderding avtory Qúnekem ghoy. Tipti aramyzda aitylyp jýrgen maqaldar men birshama naqyldar qajynyng qalamynan tughan dýniyeler: «Arymnan janym sadagha, Janymnan malym sadagha», «Myqty bolsan, bopsagha shyda», «Adamnyng ne nәrse qasiyeti bolsa, sol nәrseden mini de tuady», «Ótirik pen shynnyng arasy tórt-aq eli, qúlaqpen estigen ótirik, kózben kórgen shyn» degen, - oi-tolghaularyn osylaysha tizbekteydi. Sózimizdi qantara kele aitarymyz mynau: Tamyr bolmasa, aghash jemisin bermeydi. Árbir astardy ajarlaghynyz kelse, Áuezovting sózimen aitqanda, «betin qana qalqyp qoymanyz, týbine sýnginiz». Sonda ghana ekken egininizding jemisin jeytininiz aqiqat. Maghan salsa Qúnanbay Abaydan asyp týsetin qasiyetke ie qayratker. Qúnanbaydyng tanym-parasaty Abaydan әldeqayda joghary. Kerek deseniz, Qúnanbay Abaydan ótken úly dana. Átten, qadirine jete bilsek. Óitkeni Qúnekem dýniyeni terennen sezine alatyn qabiletke ie edi? Aqiqattan adastyratyn týlkilerdi tazy bop shaldy, aramdargha arystansha aibattanyp, panasyzgha qorghan boldy. Endeshe bir ghana aitarymyz: «tórt qúbylamyz say, tanymymyz bay bolsyn» demekpiz.

Paydalanylghan әdebiyetter:

1.«Qúran Kәrim» audarghan Halifa Altay

2.Múhtar Áuezov «Abay joly» 1-2 tom Almaty «Jazushy» 2002

3.Túrsyn Júrtbay «Qúnanbay» Almaty «Alash» 2004

4.«Áuezov jәne Arhiyv» Almaty «Atamúra» 1997

5.«Jýregimning týbine tereng boyla» Almaty «Jazushy» 1995

6.Múhtar Áuezov «On ekinshi tom» Almaty «Jazushy» 1969

 Ázimhan Ýsenúly ISABEK, M.Áuezov atyndaghy OQMU-dyng studenti

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