Memlekettik dumanyng mәjilis zaly

Biyl Resey imperiyasyndaghy memlekettik jәne qoghamdyq qúrylysqa týbegeyli ózgeris әkelgen Aqpan revolusiyasyna 100 jyl tolady. Otarlyq ezgiden azat boldyq dep quanghan qazaq halqynyng kónilin Álihan Bókeyhanov: «Bostandyq kýni tudy», – dep bildirdi. Jer-jerde júrt ýlken serpilispen ózderining basqaru organdaryn qúra bastady. Ahmet Baytúrsynovtyng jazghanynday, qazaq halqy Aqpan revolusiyasyn qanshalyqty týsinushilikpen shattana qarsy alsa, sodan jeti-segiz aidan keyin bolghan Qazan tónkerisine sonshalyqty týsinbeushilikpen  qarady. Ezilgen halyq ýshin patshanyng taqtan qúlauy óte-móte quanyshty janalyq edi. Monarhiyanyng tarih sahnasynan ketkenine bir ghasyr bolghan osy datagha oray jazushy Beybit Qoyshybaevtyng qazaq últ-azattyq qozghalysy tarihyn bayan etken riysәlәsinen shaghyn ýzindi berip otyrmyz.

Orys patshalyghy ishten irip kele jatty. Ozbyr  samoderjaviyelik qasang tәrtipke, halyq múqtajdyqtaryn qamtamasyz ete almaghan monarhiyanyng әmirshil rejiymine  kónbegen narazylyq ereuilderi býkil imperiyany jaylady. Maydan dalalarynda da abyroysyzdyq kóbeydi. Jauyngerler soghystan bastartyp, elge qashudy jiyiletti. Úly tónkeris taqalyp kele jatty. Úly tónkeris qazanyn Qazaq dalasynda On altynshy jylghy Mausym jarlyghyna moyynsúnbaudan bastalyp, halyqtyng últ-azattyq kóterilisine úlasqan qarsylyq oshaqtarynyng ot-jalyny  da sharpydy. Jәy sharpyghan joq, revolusiya órtin ýstemeley týsti.

Ásirese revolusiyashyl Petrograd airyqsha dýbirlep-guildep jatty. Astanada  úshqyn týsse boldy, tez tútanyp, laulay janatyn ahual ornaghan-dy. Azyq-týlik tapshylyghy kózge úrdy. Dýkender aldynda tang qaranghysynan kezek alyp, kýn úzaq shúbatylyp túrghan adamdardyng ashu-yzasy kemerinen asyp bara jatty. Olar ýkimetting biylikten ketuin talap ete bastady.

1917 jylghy ayazdy aqpannyng 23-júldyzynda qaladaghy toqyma fabrikalarynda isteytin júmysshy-әielder ereuil jasady. Kýn beysenbi edi. Ereuildeuge tap sol kýndi tandap alulary tegin emes-tin. Sodan jeti  jyl ilgeride, sosialist-әielderding Kopengagende ótken ekinshi halyqaralyq konferensiyasynda, osy kýn әielderding halyqaralyq yntymaqtastyq kýni retinde belgilengen edi. (Kýntizbening eski jýiesin – Yuliy kalendaryn 1918 jylghy aqpangha deyin qoldanghan Reseydegi 23 nauryz búl kezde Grigoriy kalendaryn qoldanatyn batys elderinde 8 nauryzgha sәikes keletin. Petrogradtaghy revolusiyalyq oqighalar osy halyqaralyq әielder kýni bastaldy. Biz Aqpan revolusiyasy dep ataytyn 1917 jylghy aqpan aiynyng songhy kýnderindegi úly tónkeristing bolghan uaqytyn batysta Nauryz revolusiyasy deytini sondyqtan.) Mereke bolatyn.   Sondyqtan da olar júmysty tastap, ýkimetten  azyq-týlikpen qamtamasyz etudi «Nan ber!» degen jalghyz da ashy úranmen  talap etken qalypta kóshelerge shyqty. Olardy er-azamat júmysshylar qoldady.

Eshteneden  taryghyp kórmegen patshayym halyqtyng dýkennen әldebirdene ala almadyq dep sonshalyqty buyrqanuyna tanyrqap:

– Búlargha ne jetpeydi? – dese kerek.

Únjyrghasy  týsken qyzmetshisi jaghdaydy:

– Nan az, barshasyna jeter emes, – dep týsindiripti.

Sonda patshayym:

– Onda,  dýkenderden jetkilikti mólsherde tabylyp, túrghyndardyng bәrine tiii ýshin, ýlken bólke ornyna shaghyn toqash pisirilsin, – degen úsynys aitsa kerek.

 Tórt qúbylasy týgel patshayymnyng joqshylyqty  bólke ornyna toqash ýlestiru arqyly joya salmaq bolghan qylyghy jayyndaghy mysqyldy әjua júrt auzynda kýiinishke túna aitylyp jýrdi. Patshanyng erik-jigerin әieli biyleytini jónindegi kópten belgili sózderding rastyghyna talay mysaldar keltirilip, adamdar ashynghan ýstine ashyna týsti. 

Aqpannyng sonyna qaray tәrtipsizdikter tipti kýsheydi. Tolqudy basugha qaruly kýshter júmsaldy. Oghan ygha qoyar júmysshy qauymy joq, qarsy sezimmen dýr silkinip, kóshelerde bekinister ornatty. Al atty kazaktar men qaruly soldattar kóterilgen halyqqa ashyq ishtartty. Ereuildi kýshpen basyp-janshu mýmkin bolmay qaldy. 27 nauryzda revolusiyanyng shyrqau shynyna bettegenin tanytqan soldat býligi oryn aldy.

Patsha ýkimetinde esh bedel qalmady. Ýkimet jaghdaydy biyley almady. Biylik onyng uysynan shyghyp ketti.

Tipti aq patshanyng ózining abyroyy airanday tógildi: onyng eldi tynyshtandyru niyetimen bergen pәrmenderi oryndalmay qala berdi!

Bir kezderi ol halyqqa ókilderin tandap saylap astanagha jiberu arqyly zang shygharugha atsalysu qúqyghyn syilaghan edi, biraq sonau ózi tughyzghan ókildik mekemeni, tym erkinsip bara jatqanyn kórgen sayyn, ózi túnshyqtyryp otyrdy. 

Birinshi Memlekettik Dumany, deputtardyng Duma qabyrghasynda zanmen kózdelgen bes jyl merzim boyyna júmys isteui týgil, alghashqy sessiyasyn ayaqtauyna mýmkindik bermesten qudy. Ekinshisin de shapshang tarqatyp jiberdi. Ózi tudyrdy, ózi óltirdi. Dumanyng damu baghytyn derjavalyq pәrmendi qolymen ózgertti, úly orys memleketining jarqyn bolashaghy ýshin bayyrghy da senimdi arnagha búrdy – Ýshinshi Dumadaghy imperator dese ishken asyn jerge qoyatyn samoderjaviyeshilder osylay payymdady. Solardyng basymdyghy nәtiyjesinde ýshinshi shaqyrylymgha saylanghan deputattar zandy bes jyldyq merzimdi bóten u-shusyz tolyq atqaryp shyqty. Patsha olardyng bayypty memlekettik iske qyzmet etu jolyna týskenine razy bolghan.

Alayda Tórtinshi Duma olay etpedi. Áueli soghys mәselesine súghyndy. Sonysyn kórgende ony patsha byltyr qudy da jiberdi. Biraq birjola tarqatqan joq, qashan ayaqtalary belgisiz úzaq merzimdik kanikulgha aidady. Sodan Dumany kýzde, shet aimaqtardyng dýrliguin basarlyq, maydan taghdyryna yqpal eterlik  kýsh retinde, jana sessiyasyna shaqyrghan. Beker shaqyrypty. Duma eldi tynyshtandyrugha tyryspady, qayta, býlikterge jel bere týskendey boldy. Duma tóraghasy Rodzyanko tónip kele jatqan qauip-qater men patsha tarapynan jasaluy tiyis shara jayynda qynqyldaudy ýdetti. Sonda patsha Dumany birjolata tarqatugha pәrmen etti.

Masqara! Memlekettik Duma Memleket basynyng әmirin eleng qylmady! Patsha pәrmenine qasaqana, ol, monarh zanymen zansyz dәrejege týsirilgen Tórtinshi Memlekettik Duma, pәrmen shyqqan kýnning ertenine zansyz mәjilis ótkizdi. Ótkizdi de, deputattar ishinen memlekettik jәne qoghamdyq tәrtipti jónge keltirudi úiymdastyrugha tiyis degen jeleumen Dumanyng Uaqytsha komiytetin qúrdy.

 Soldattar top-top bolyp qala kezip jýrdi. Bireuler únamsyz poliyseylerdi inir qaranghylyghymen de, tipti tapa-tal týste de, túp-tura telegraf baghandaryna asyp qoydy. Qalanyng әr tarabynan talay generaldar men biyik әskery shendiler tútqyndaldy. Olar jýk mashinalarymen tasymaldanyp, Tavriya sarayy qaqpasy arqyly tónkerisshiler úyasyna kirgizilip jatty.

***

Osylay retti de, retsiz de sapyrylysa tulaghan revolusiya tolqyny, aqyry, Ekinshi Nikolaydy taqtan týsuge mәjbýrledi.

Maydandaghy jaghday mәz emes edi, jogharghy bas komandashy retinde oghan oqigha tetikteri shoghyrlanghan orynda – Mogiylev qalasyndaghy Stavkasynda ahualdy saraptap, strategiyalyq núsqaularyn beruge tiyis-tin.

General M.V. Alekseev

Mogiylevte jogharghy bas komandashynyng shtabyn general Alekseev basqaryp otyrghan. Onyng maydandardan tezdetip alyp túrghan aqparattarymen tanysu qajet, uaqyt talap etetin qajetti sheshimder jasauy kerek. Sonday josparymen  aqpannyng ayaghyna qaray altyn samúryqty kógildir poyyzyna minip, buyrqanghan maydan jaghdayymen tikeley tanysugha bet alghan-dy.

General N.V. Ruzskiy

Nauryzdyng birinde poyyz Pskovqa keldi. Qala týbindegi eleusiz beketke toqtady. Qalada Soltýstik maydannyng shtaby ornalasqan bolatyn. Onyng vagonyna  maydan qolbasshysy general Ruzskiy keldi.

– Úly Mәrtebelim, – dedi ol, – soldattar revolusiyalyq búzylu ýderisining yqpalyna týsip alghan, әskery tәrtipke moyynsúnbaydy. Maghan soghysqa kiruden  qashqan jýzdegen jauyngerdi tribunalgha beruge tura keldi. Bizding Soltýstik maydannyng sory Riga men Dvinsk bolyp túr. Ábden nasihatpen ulanghan osy eki qúzghyndar úyasyn men, komandashy retinde, bizding әskerimizding shabuylgha bettegen jolynda jatqan kedergi dep bilem. Búl tarapta birinshi kezekke sayasat shyqty, Úly Mәrtebelim, soghys maqsatyn múnda oilaudy qoyghan...

Infanteriya generaly Nikolay Vladimirovich Ruzskiy alpystyng ýsheuine kelgen, orys-týrik soghysyna da, japon soghysyna da qatysqan, bayyrghy әm tәjiriybeli әskery adam bolatyn. Dýniyejýzilik soghys bastalghaly da alghy shepte. Áueli Ontýstik-Batys maydanda ýshinshi armiya qolbasy boldy, odan Soltýstik-Batys maydandy basqardy, songhy kezderi – Soltýstik maydan qolbasshysy.  Ol әskerbasylardyng birqatary  tәrizdi, patsha túlghasyna narazy sezimde edi.  Eldegi jappay jaylaghan kelensizdik ýshin, әsirese Sibir mújyghy Rasputinnin  Saray ishine biylik jýrgizuine jol bergeni ýshin ony ishtey kinәlap, únatpaytyn. Kóniline Memlekettik Duma tarapynan shyqqan ókimet biyligining dәrmensizdigin dogharu jayyndaghy ýndeui jaghyp jýrgen-di.

II Nikolay

Imperatorgha jalpy jaghdaydy bayandap bolyp, maydan stavkasyna oralysymen ol Petrogradpen sóilesti...

Patsha poyyzy Pskov týbindegi Dno (atauy әldenening týbi, tabany, asty úghymyn bildiretin sózben maghynalas) temirjol beketinde túrghan. Tanghajayyp ta ýreyli sәikes kelushilik... Taghdyrdyng ózi alyp imperiya qojayynynyng biyik taqtan ayaq astyna qúldyrap qúlaytynyn  osy tylsym sәikestikpen – onyng asyl temirmen shegendelgen, bes qaruy boyyna asuly tandauly jasaqpen qorghalghan, jayly da senimdi kólik-túraghy kelip toqtaghan osy bir beket atymen megzegen sekildi. Bekettin   atyna ә degende eshkim mәn bermegen-di, óitkeni asa manyzdysy – sonda oryn alghan taqtan bastartu syndy  tarihy oqigha bolatyn...

Nauryzdyng ekisi kýni tanerteng imperator vagonyna maydan komandashysy general Ruzskiy kirdi. Tóte jelimen Petrogradtaghy Duma tóraghasymen sóilesken eken, úzyn taspadan patshagha sony oqyp berdi. Bayyppen óz payymyn qosa aitty.

4-shi Memduma tóraghasy Mihail Rodzyanko

Rodzyanko qaladaghy jaghdaydyng asqynyp túrghanyn habarlapty. Shiyelenisken ahualdy Duma sheshe alar emes. Óitkeni sosial-demokrattar partiyasy qúrghan júmysshy komiyteti tóbege shyghypty. Olardyng qay zamannan kóterip kele jatqan úrany imperatorgha әbden mәlim, solardyng azghyrugha túnghan ýgit-nasihaty býtkil eldi jaylap alghan, qazir bar kemshilikke bas aiypker retinde patshany atamaytyn adam joq.

Osynday qiyn jaghdaydan eldi aman alyp shyghu ýshin Úly Mәrtebeli patsha aghzamnyng taqtan bastartqany óte qajet bolyp túr.

Ruzskiy múny býkpelemey, qysylyp-qymtyrylmay, imperatormen betpe-bet, kózbe-kóz túryp-aq atap aitty.

Mine ne deydi ol! Zor qonyr dauysy ýshin Memlekettik Dumanyng tóraghasy boluyn patshanyng ózi qalaghan Rodzyanko! O Qúdayym menin! Ekinshi Nikolaydyng ózi dýniyege keltirgen  halyq ókildigi mekemesinde zannamalyq-shygharmashylyq júmys isteuge óz pәrmenimen el ishinen tandap saylatqan deputattargha óz yqylasymen basshy etken Rodzyanko! Mine sol osylay deydi! Al myna Soltýstik maydandy basqarugha taghayyndaghan generaly ýninen de, jýzinen de qynjylys tanytpay, sazarghan týrmen sony qoldap otyr. Qalyptasqan jaghdayda tek solay etken jón deydi. Jәne osy bir opasyzdyq úsynysty esh qinalmastan, qobaljymastan, jany auyrmastan  maqúldaydy...

Patsha auyr sezimmen biraz oigha shomyp otyrdy. Sosyn ishtey әldebir sheshim qabyldady da, aldyndaghy shaghyn qalypty kókshil paraqqa әldebir jazba týsirip, Ruzskiyge qaray jyljytty. Jazghan mәtinin tóte jelimen stavkagha tezdetip joldaugha әmir etti.

II Nikolaydyng taqtan bastartu maniyfesi

Mogiylevta Jogharghy bas qolbasshy shtabyn basqaryp otyrghan general Alekseev maydan dalalaryndaghy barlyq komandashylardyng pikirin telegrafpen shúghyl súrastyrsyn. Patshanyng qaghazgha týsirgen  tapsyrmasy osyghan sayatyn. Qarsysynda otyrghan maydan komandashysy jazbany papkasyna salyp aldy da, Pskovtaghy stavkasyna ketti.

General  Ruzskiy týs aua oraldy. Mogiylev tikeley baylanysynyng ayaqtalghany sol eken. Stavka shtabynyng bastyghy  general Alekseev barlyq orys armiyalary men soghys-teniz flottarynyng komandashylaryn telegrafpen súrastyryp ýlgergen kórinedi. Shamamen saghat eki jarym shamasynda kýlli súrau salghan әskery basshylar jauaptaryn berip bolypty. Ruzskiy patshagha sonyng nәtiyjesin habarlady.

– Úly Mәrtebelim, qolbasylardyng barshasy Sizding taqtan bastartqanynyz dúrys dep sanaydy. Tek Qara teniz flotynyng komandashysy admiral Kolchak qana qalys qaldy.

Admiral Kolchaktyng taqqa bergen antyna adaldyghy II Nikolaydyng jýregine jyly tiydi.

Biraq ol jalghyz edi...

Bәri, tipti. Jogharghy bas qolbasshy shtabynyng bastyghynan bastap, myna tura ózining imperatory әm biyik әskery bastyghynyng aldynda mәseleni tóndire bayandap túrghan maydan komandashysyna deyin, bәri-bәri bir jaq bolatyn. Múny patsha tereng týisindi. Ruzskiyding beytarap saryndy sózine qúlaq sala túryp, barshasynyng ózara sóz baylasqanday bir auyzdy bolyp bara jatqanyna kózi jete týsti.

Dumanyng duyldap túrghany anau. Samoderjestin, el basshysynyng pәrmenine pysqyrmay, qoghamdy janasha qozdyryp túr...

Patsha taqtan bastartqan sәtke kuә bolghandar: imperator sarayynyng ministri graf V.B. Frederiks, soltýstik maydan әskerlerining komandashysy general N.V. Ruzskiy, patshany taqtan múrager paydasyna bastartuy ýshin ýgitteuge kelgen Duma deputattary V.V. Shuligin men A.IY. Guchkov, saray komendanty V.N. Voeykov, II Nikolay

Imperator svitasynyng gvardiyalyq ekipajynyng komandiyri kontr-admiral   Úly Knyazi Kirill Vladimirovich, ne týlen týrtkenin,  kýni keshe ghana ózi jәne ózine senip tapsyrylghan  gvardiyalyq ekipaj jana ýkimetti qoldaydy dep jariya etti. Onysy azday, Imperator Ýiining osynau mýshesi Patsha Auyly (Patsha Selosy, Sarskoe Selo, qazirgi Pushkin qalasy) garnizonynyng barlyq bólim bastyqtaryna ózinin  gvardiyalyq ekipajdy bastap jasaghan qadamyn qoldaytyndyqtaryna senim bildirgen hat joldady, sosyn keudesine qyzyl bant taghyp, gvardiyalyq ekipajdy Duma tóraghasy Rodzyankonyng qaramaghyna tikeley ózi alyp keldi. Búl jayyndaghy alyp-qashtylau habar úshyghy Dno beketinde vagonda otyrghan II Nikolaygha da jetken.

Demek, búl da jalghyz...

Patsha múndy janarymen  Ruzskiyge qadala qarap:

– Jaghday týzeluden ketti me deymin, Nikolay Vladimirovich, – dedi.

– Siz qazirgi ahualdy aiqyn payymdap otyrsyz, Úly Mәrtebelim, endi bekem sheshimge kelgeniniz dúrys, – dedi  Ruzskiy senimmen, – qazirgi sәtte Sizding taqtan bastartuynyz bizding kóp qasiret shekken sýiikti otanymyzdy qútqarugha baghyttalghan iygi  shara bolmaq. Tәuekel etiniz!

Soltýstik maydan komandashysy býkilreseylik patshany – osynau jahandy sharpyghan zor soghysta Jogharghy bas qolbasshylyq lauazymdy ózi atqaryp otyrghan imperatordy – kýlli biyliginen bastartugha shaqyrdy. Jagha ústatarlyqtay batyldyq. Álde ózine-ózi senimdi satqyndyq... Imperator oigha batty. Generaly biyik әmirshisin qorghaudy oiyna da alar emes, ol ony ózin-ózi joigha iytermelep túr. Aldynda basqalardyng pikiri jayynda habar jetkizushi sekildi kórinse, endi, tipti, patshany ózderining sol ortaq oilaryn oryndatu jolyna ashyq ýgittey bastaghany aiqyn angharyldy.

– Týsinem, general, – dedi II Nikolay ústamdy sóilep. – Rossiyany kýireu qaterinen aman saqtap qalu ýshin, armiyany maydan dalalarynda ústap, soldattardy sabyrgha shaqyru ýshin, soghysty jenisti shynyna jetkizu ýshin men osy qadamgha tәuekel etuim kerek. Men kelisemin. Solay dep habarlanyz.

***

A.F. Kerenskiy

Memlekettik Dumada ainaladaghy astan-kesten oqighalargha imperator tarapynan jaghdaygha say әreket jasaugha tyrysushylyq bayqalmaytyny qynjylyspen әngime bolghanda, Dumadaghy revolusiyashyl partiyalar ókili deputat Kerenskiy:

– Ejelgi  Rimde Brut ne istegen bolsa, bizge de sony jasau kerek! – dedi.

Múny aityp túrghan – zanger, advokat, Tórtinshi Dumagha trudovikter tizimimen ótken deputat, trudovikter fraksiyasynyng tóraghasy, sosial-demokrat, keyingi kezderi – sosialist-revolusioner, Petrosovet (Petrokenes, Petrograd júmysshy jәne soldat deputattarynyng kenesi) tóraghasynyng orynbasary Aleksandr Fedorovich Kerenskiy. 

Shoshynatyn sóz. Memlekettik Dumanyng onshyl jәne liyberal mýshelerining kóbi ishterin tartty.

Ras, onyng ekining biri bile bermeytin qúpiya qyzmeti de bar edi. Ol Resey masondyghynyng jetekshilerining biri bolatyn. Samarada Álihan Bókeyhanovpen de sol mason lojasyndaghy bauyrlas retinde tabysqan. Keyin ol Rossiya masondary jogharghy kenesining mýshesi bop  saylandy. Jalpy, lojadaghy bauyrlastyq ony jastay biyik lauazymdargha jetektep bara jatqan-dy. Al osynau halyq ókildigining mýsheleri ishinde lojalas yqpaldy bauyrlar edәuir edi...

Duma mýshelerining osynau jas ta qyzba әriptesi sheshendikke salynyp, alys zamanda astyrtyn sóz baylasqan qyryq tórt respublikashynyng diktator Sezarige qarsy shyghu tarihyn eske aldy. Kópshilikke mәlim, sondaghy astyrtyn sóz baylasqandardy úiymdastyrushylardyng biri bolghan Mark Brut bar biylikti bir qolgha shoghyrlandyryp, jeke biyleushige ainalghan monarh  Sezarige birinshi bolyp qanjar salypty delinetin anyz bar-dy. Mine sol anyzdy jadta oyatu arqyly búl deputat halyq ókilderi mekemesin biyik dәrejeli qylmysqa iytermelep túrghanday boldy.

Kezinde týrli buyndaghy memleket qyzmetindegilerge qastandyq jasauymen birden-bir terrorshyl úiym retinde tanylghan eserler qataryna osy revolusiya kýnderi kirgen, әri әlemdik qúdaysyz, dinsiz bauyrlastyq qúrudy ansaytyn tandauly «tas qalaushy sheberlerdin» qúpiya úiymy jetekshilerining biri, joghary dәrejeli mason Kerenskiy Resey imperatoryn óltiruge әriptesterin ashyqtan ashyq shaqyryp túr. Joq, búl demokratiyalyq ózgerister sipatyna kelinkiremeydi. Patshamen zandy arna auqymynda kelissóz jýrgizu kerek.  

 IV Memlekettik Dumanyng Aqsaqaldar kenesi qúrghan Uaqytsha komiytet jaghdaydy talqylay kelip, Ekinshi Nikolay ayaldamastan taqtan bastartugha tiyis dep sheshti. Taq múrageri jayyndaghy zandy eskerip, patsha óz ornyna taqqa otyrugha on tórt jasar er balasy Alekseydi qaldyrady dep úighardy. Al patshazada әli jas bolghandyqtan, onyng janynda II Nikolaydyng tughan inisi úly knyazi Mihail regenttik qyzmet atqaratyn bolsyn. Revolusioner Kerenskiy Uaqytsha komiytetting bir mýshesi retinde oghan amalsyz kóndi.

V.V. Shuligiyn

Patshanyng taqtan bastartu maniyfesi mәtinining jobasyn Uaqytsha komiytetting mýshesi Shuligin jazdy. Alayda Petrosovet mәtinge eskertpe jasady. Revolusiyashyl sosial-demokratiyalyq úiymdar kenesining atqaru komiyteti patshanyng biylikten eshqanday qosymsha shart jasamay, birjolata ketkenin qalady. Degenmen mәsele Uaqytsha komiytet belgilegen zandy auqymda qarastyrylugha tiyis, búlay boluyn talap etuge qalalyq revolusiyalyq organnan góri jalpyhalyqtyq Duma әldeqayda qúqyly. Dumanyng Uaqytsha komiyteti osylay úighardy.

Sodan tuyndaytyn jalpy núsqaumen Komiytet qazir patsha poyyzy ayaldap túrghan Pskovqa delegasiya jiberudi qosh kórdi.

Delegasiya qúramyna eki adam taghayyndaldy.

A.IY. Guchkov

Biri – elu bes jasar Memlekettik Kenes mýshesi Aleksandr Ivanovich Guchkov. Ol «17 qazan» partiyasynyng qúrylghaly bergi túraqty serkesi. Rodzyankogha deyin ýshinshi Duma tóraghasy bolghan  sayasy qayratker. Soghystyn  ekinshi jylynan beri ortalyq әskeriy-ónerkәsip komiytetining tóraghasy.

Guchkov eldegi jogharghy biylik azdy, azghyndady dep sanaytyn. Solay sanaghandyqtan da – patshany әulettik tónkeris jasau jolymen taqtan taydyru josparyn qúrghan. Byltyrdan beri sony pysyqtaumen jәne qaytkende jýzege asyrudy oilaumen jýrgen. Biyl sonyng retin qúdaydyng ózi keltire saldy. Memlekettik Duma mýshelerining ishindegi agha úrpaq sanatyndaghylar dýrliginki shaqtaghy el basqaru júmysyn retteu ýshin saylaghan Uaqytsha komiytetting qúramyna ony da qosty. Ol Komiytetke yqylastana kirdi. Óitkeni ózining el taghdyryna iygilikti әser etudi kózdegen oiyn jýzege asyrugha tikeley mýmkindik tudy dep eseptedi. Sondyqtan da patshamen kózbe-kóz sóilesip, kelissóz jýrgizu jayyndaghy tapsyrmany ózining otan aldyndaghy paryzyn sezingendik keyippen qarsy aldy.

Komiytet delegasiyasynyng oghan serik bolghan ekinshi  adamy Dumadaghy birqatar fraksiyadan qúralghan Progressivti blok mýshesi, últshyldar fraksiyasy serkelerining biri, jazushy, jurnalist Vasiliy Vitalievich Shuligin edi. Ol  әzirlegen mәtin – patshanyng taqtan tusui jayyndaghy maniyfest jobasy – imperatorgha aldyn ala tanystyryluy ýshin, telegrafpen stavkagha jóneltildi.

Delegasiyanyng maqsaty –  Komiytette kelisilgen mәtin mazmúnyn patshanyng qabyl aluyna, sóitip, qol qoiyna qol jetkizu. Sol  ýshin búl eki ókil  onyng tikeley ózimen Duma Komiyteti atynan kelissóz jýrgizbekke jәne bastartu maniyfesine qol qoyghyzyp, sonau qúndy qújatty ózderimen birge alyp qaytpaqqa mindettendi. Tapsyrma aiqyn. Ekeui shúghyl jolgha shyqty.

***

Pskovqa kelgen delegasiyany әueli general Ruzskiy qabyldady. Patshanyng býgin týs aua maydandardaghy әskerbasylardyng da bedeldi әm yqpaldy oilaryn estigendigin, jaghdaydy ishtey әbden saralaghanynan shyghar, biylikten bastartugha kelisip otyrghanyn habarlady. Stavkadan týsken bastartu mәtinining jobasyn patshagha bergenin aitty.  Sodan song imperator poyyzy túrghan beketke Duma Komiyteti ókilderin ózi bastap әkeldi. Duma delegasiyasynyng kelgenin patshagha mәlim etti. Delegasiya mýsheleri Guchkov pen Shuliginning qol qonggha dayyndap, ózderimen birge ala kelgen taqtan bastartu maniyfesining mәtinin jetkizdi.

Imperator onasha oilandy. Kóp keshiktirmey olardy әngimelesuge shaqyrdy. Dumada bolghan songhy janalyqty súrastyrdy. Osy ótken týnde Duma Komiyteti men Petrosovetting atqaru komiyteti ýkimet basyna layyq delingen kandidaturalardy úzaq talqylaghan. Patsha sol mәjiliste ýkimetti basqarugha Rodzyanko men Livovtyng birin tandaugha tura kelgenin estidi. 

Patshanyng aldynda otyrghan deputat Shuligin Duma tóraghasy Rodzyankony ýkimet basynan kórgisi keldi. Alayda kadetter kósemi Milukovtyng tabandy týrde qatty tartysty. Tamaghy jyrtylghansha aitysty. Dumalyq komiytet pen qalalyq kenes atkomy mýshelerining birlesken otyrysyna qatysushylardy, týpting týbinde, óz ilanymyna jygha bildi. Sóitip, jaqtastarynyng kópshilikke ainaluy nәtiyjesinde, premier lauazymy knyazi Livovqa tiyip túr. Tandau osylay Rurikovichter túqymynyng býgingi úrpaghyna  týsti. Búl sheshimdi patsha da qoldasa, ondy bolar edi...

Sosyn patsha taghy da onasha qaldy.

Delegasiya qabyldau bólmesinde sarylyp úzaq otyrdy. Olar  imperatordyng songhy sheshimi men әreketin kýtti. Kabiynetke  patshanyng kóshpeli kensesining qyzmetkerleri әlsin-әlsin kirip-shyghyp jýrdi.

II Nikolay  patshalyq ghúmyrynda qol qoymaq songhy maniyfesining mәtinin tereng kýrsinispen taghy bir oqyp, aqyrghy týzetulerin engizdi.

Ne kerek, týn ortasy shamasynda, delegasiya ishke shaqyryldy. Guchkov, Shuligiyn, Ruzskiy bastaghan birqatar joghary dәrejeli lauazym iyeleri kabiynetke kirdi. Mine olar Ekinshi Nikolaydyn  aldynda túr.

Patsha jýzi jabyrqau bolghanmen, sabyrly jәne jinaqy kórindi. Shaghyn ýstel janynda týregep túryp, әueli ózining memleket isin basqarudaghy sabaqtastyqty joghaltpay, onyng yrghaqty júmysynyng jalghasa beruin  qamtamasyz etudi kózdeytin sheshimder shygharghanyn habarlady. Sol  maqsatyna oray knyazi Livovty ministrler kenesining tóraghasy jәne úly knyazi Nikolay Nikolaevichti joghary bas qolbasshy lauazymdaryna taghayyndau turaly pәrmenderge qol qoyghanyn aitty.

Sosyn ýstel ýstinde jatqan telegraf blankine úqsaytyn shaghyn qaghazdardyng birin qolyna alyp, sonyng betindegi mashinkagha bastyrylghan mәtindi aqyryn dauyspen oqyp shyqty:

– Stavka. Shtab bastyghyna. Bizding otanymyzdy ýsh jyldan beri basyp alugha tyrysugha úmtylyp kele jatqan syrtqy jaumen úly kýres jýrgizip jatqan kýnderi Qúday-Taghala Rossiyagha jana da auyr syn jiberdi. Bastalyp ketken ishki halyq tolqulary tegeuirindi soghysty odan әri jalghastyrugha qatty zalalyn tiygizetin týri bar. Rossiyanyng taghdyry, bizding qaharman armiyamyzdyng abyroyy, halyq iygiligi, bizding qymbatty Otanymyzdyng kýlli bolashaghy soghysty qaytkende de jenisti shynyna deyin jetkizudi talap etedi. Qatygez dúshpan aqyrghy kýshin kýshene júmsauda, bizding aibyndy armiyamyz ózimizding danqty odaqtastarymyzben birge qimyldap, jaudy birjolata túqyrtatyn saghat taqau qaldy.

Ol búl joldardy senimmen oqydy. Tyndaushylar jogharghy bas qolbasshynyng óz Stavkasyna joldap otyrghan hatynyng mazmúnyn týsinistikpen tyndap otyrghanday edi. Biraq sol joldardan keyin hat mәtini búlar kýtken baghytqa auysyp, boylaryn bir dir etkizdi. Patsha ekinshi tilikshe qaghazdan mynalardy oqydy:

– Rossiya ómirindegi osy sheshushi kýnderde Biz halqymyzdyng tyghyz birlesui men barlyq halyqtyq kýshterdin  jeniske tezirek qol jetkizui jolynda toptasuyn jenildetudi óz arymyzdyng paryzy dep sanadyq ta, Memlekettik Dumamen kelise otyryp, Biz Rossiya Memleketining Taghynan bastartudy jәne Ózimizden Jogharghy biylik tútqasyn bosatudy iygilikti iske baladyq.

Bastartu rәsimine kuә bolyp túrghan delegasiya mýsheleri de, general Ruzskiy bastaghan ózgeler de jenildene tynystady. Eng basty sharua sheshildi. Samoderjes taqtan ketetinin ayan etti.

10 saghat imperator bolghan knyazi Mihail Aleksandrovich

Patsha qolyna ýshinshi bóltek qaghazdy aldy:

– Biz Ózimizding sýiikti Úlymyzdan aiyryludy qalamaghandyqtan, – osylay degende ol dausy sәl dir etip bir kýrsindi de, artynsha qatayynqyraghan ýnmen oquyn jalghastyra berdi, – Óz  múramyzdy Bizding Bauyrymyz Úly Knyazi Mihail Aleksandrovichke beremiz jәne Onyn  Rossiya Memleketining Taghyna otyruyna rizashylyghymyzben ong batamyzdy beremiz.

Uaqytsha komiytetting otyrysynda patshanyng taqtan týsu reti múragerlik zang túrghysynan egjey-tegjeyli әngime bolghan. Sol mәslihat esterinde túrghan delegasiya mýshelerining basyna: «Biraq búl zansyzdyq qoy», – degen oy keldi. Degenmen mәselening basqa qyrlary da bar edi. Mәselen, kópshilik II Nikolaydy biylik isine tym aralasqysh әielimen qosa sonshalyqty jek kórip túrghan qazirgi mezgilde, taqtyng onyng úlyna berilui zandy bolghanmen, óte únamsyz qabyldanar edi. Múragerding әri densaulyghy nashar, әri jasy jetpegen. Eger ol zandy jolmen taqqa otyrsa, onda kәmeletke tolmaghan  patshazadanyng qasynda әke-sheshesi jýredi, demek, býgingi biylikting týri men baghyt-baghdary sol qalpy qala beredi degen sóz emes pe...

Ózine dayyndap úsynylghan mәtin jobasyn II Nikolay taq izbasary jayyndaghy zangha kereghar etip nege búlay ózgertti? Shynymen, ózi aityp túrghanday, balamnan ajyrap qalam dep qoryqty ma? Álde basqa astyrtyn esep boldy ma? Ony endi bilip bolmaydy. Tarihy sәtke kuә bolyp túrghandardyng keybiri múny ishtey ghana oilady. Qazir taqtan týskeli túrghan patsha ózining izbasary men halqyna arnaghan tilegin ayan etude:

– Ózimizding Bauyrymyzgha zang shygharushy mekemelerdegi halyq ókilderimen olardyng ant iship bekitken bastaulary negizinde tolyq jәne búljymastay birige otyryp, memlekettik isterdi basqaruyn paryz etip tapsyramyz.  Otannyng barlyq adal úldaryn onyng aldyndaghy óz boryshtaryn ystyq yqylaspen jaqsy kóretin atameken ýshin oryndaugha, jalpyhalyqtyq basqa kýn tughan auyr minutta Patshagha baghynugha jәne halyq ókilderimen birge Oghan kómektesuge, sóitip Rossiya Memleketin jenis, rahat jәne kýsh-quat jolyna alyp shyghugha  shaqyramyz.  Ylayym Jaratqan Qúday Rossiyagha jәrdem bersin...

Kóterinki pafospen aitylugha tiyis sózin, әsirese songhy sóilemin basynqy ýnmen estirtti. Tarihy oqighany kóz aldarynda ótkerip, ózine qadala qarap túrghan jandardyng janarlary astynda, asyqpay oryndyghyna bardy. Otyryp, mәtindi oqyghan qaghazdaryn ýstelge  qoydy. Tolqyp biraz túrdy. General Ruzskiy algha shyqta da, bir qolymen onyng qolynan ústady. Ekinshi qolymen II Nikolaydyng taqtan bastartu turaly maniyfet mәtinin jazghan qaghazyn ýstelge bastyryp ústaghan qalpy, endi búltarudyng mýmkin emestigin, qol qongy qajettigin aityp, patshany jigerlendirdi. Patsha qysylghan әri ensesi týsken jýzben ainalasyna qarady. Bayau qimylmen qalamsauyttan qaryndash aldy. Sosyn әlgi qaghazdy ózining aldyna jyljytyp, mәtin astyna óz qolymen esimin jazdy... 

***

Bәri ketti. Ekinshi Nikolay jalghyz otyr. Songhy sәttegi oqighalardy, bodandarynyng qylyqtaryn ishtey biraz saralady. Zilmauyr sezim ensesin basty. Kózin júmyp, qolymen mandayyn tiredi.

– Aynalam toly opasyzdyq, satqyndyq, qorqau qorqaqtyq pen jalghandyq, ótirikke túnghan aldap-arbaushylyq! – dep kýbirledi.

Patsha poyyzy ýshinshi nauryzgha qaraghan týnning saghat tili birdi kórsetken  kezinde ornynan qozghaldy. Alayda eks-imperatordy abyrjyghan otbasyna qosugha asyqqan joq. Pskov týbindegi tylsym atauly beketten Mogiylevke qaray jýrip, sondaghy Jogharghy bas qolbasshy Stavkasynda әskerining jay-kýiimen tanystyrugha bet aldy.

Taqtan bastartqan imperatordy 3 nauryz kýngi ymyrtta shtab bastyghy qyzmetindegi general Mihail Vasilievich Alekseev pen Stavkadaghy ózge generaldar men ofiyserler qarsy aldy. Keshkisin Rodzyankonyng Alekseevke jetkizgen habaryn estidi.  Úly knyazi Mihail Aleksandrovich Resey Taghynan týsken aghasy Nikolay Aleksandrovichting ózine múra etip otyrghan biyik lauazymynan bastartypty.

Ertenine general Alekseevpen әdettegisindey mәjilis qúrdy. Sosyn Alekseev Uaqytsha ýkimetke onyng tilegin jetkizdi. Imperator Patsha Auylyna oralugha, balalarynyng densaulyghyn týzegeninshe sonda bola túrugha, sodan song Murmansk arqyly Angliyagha otbasymen ketuine rúqsat súrapty. Ýkimet ótinishin qanaghattandyrudy maqúl kórgen.

 Al Alekseev Uaqytsha ýkimetten de, II Nikolaydyng ózinen de bir jәitti býgip qalghan-dy. II Nikolay inisi taqqa otyrghysy kelmegen son, sheshimin ózgertip, taqty balasyna bergisi kelgen eken. Tiyisti jedelhatty Uaqytsha ýkimetke jiberudi shtab bastyghy general Alekseevke tapsyrghan. Alayda Alekseev múny tym keshikken sheshim, endi eshtene jasau mýmkin emes dep sanap, jasyryp qalghan kórinedi... 

Mogiylevke Uaqytsha ýkimet komissary basqarghan arnayy komissiya keldi. Olar general Alekseevke Uaqytsha ýkimetting eks-patshany tútqyngha alu turaly qaulysy shyqqanyn aitady. General Alekseev komissarlargha on soldat qosyp berip, imperatordy poyyzben Patsha Auylyna attandyrady.

Imperator Ekinshi Nikolay búdan bylay polkovnik Romanov qana edi...

Alda taghdyryna jazmyshtyng tragediyalyq songhy nýktesi qoyylghangha deyingi shyndap tútqyndalu, otbasymen ýiqamaqta bolu, basqa qonysqa kóshirilu syndy synaqtary tosyp túrghan...

(Basy. Jalghasy bar)

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