XI-XIII ghasyrlarda qypshaqtardyng ishinde qanday әulet basqarghany óte shiyelenisti mәsele. Búl súraqqa baylanysty tarihshy ghalymdardyng arasynda eshqanday bәtualastyq joq. Onsyz da qypshaqtardyng ishinde qansha әulet basqarghany týsiniksiz.

Qypshaq handary turaly kuәlandyratyn birqatar týpki derekter bar. Orys shejireleri Sharukanid әuleti turaly aighaqtaydy. Horezm shejireleri Horezmshahtargha qyzmet etken qypshaq handary әuleti turaly bayandaydy. Olardyng geneologiyasyn S.M.Aqynjanov jaqsy taldaghan [1,220-225]. Nasavy mәlimetine say, qypshaq hany әuletinen shyqqan Terken qatyn yemek tarmaghynyng bayaut ruynan taraghan. Jýzjaniyding mәlimeti boyynsha, ol qypshaq hanynyng qyzy bolghan. Jýveyniyding aituy boyynsha, ol Qanly ruynan shyqqan. Búl jerde, Jýveyny qatelesip ony Qanly ruynan shyqqan Jalal ad-Dinning anasy Aysheshekpen shatastyruy mýmkin. IY.Markvartting aituy boyynsha, qypshaq handarynyng bir әuleti (ngani qolbasshysy Tutuqtyng argha atalary) 1115-1125 jyldary ózimen birge Qypshaq atauyn әkelip, Mongholiyadan Oral taularyna qonys tepken [1,205-206]. P.Pellio onymen kelispey, Tutuktyng arghy atasy Qúnan qypshaq etnoniyminen emes, bayaut taypasynan shyqqandyghyn atap kórsetti [18,103]. S.M.Aqynjanov búl kózqarasty qoldap: «XII ghasyrdyng basynda Qazaqstan jerine qonys audarghan bayauttar elbóri taypasynan shyqqan jergilikti qypshaq әuletin almastyrghan» dep qosty [1,208]. P.Golden XII ghasyrda Elbóri (Ilibari) taypasy Manchjuriyadan Orta aziya men ontýstik orys dalasynan kelgen dep payymdaydy [3,28]. O.Prisak Kay әuletine kelmes búryn Deshti Qypshaq dalasynyng batysynda Bolys jәne Saqal, Túghorqan, Qotan kiretin Teter-oba әuleti basqarghan dep esepteydi. Onyng kózqarasy boyynsha, Kay әuletine Bonyak pen onyng úly Oseni kirgen. 1100 jyldan keyin osy jerge Sharukan bastaghan Elbóriler әuleti kóship kelgen. 1116-17 jyldar shamasynda, O.Prisaktyng mәlimetine say, Elbóri әuleti men Kay әuleti bәtualasyp, teng basqarushygha ainalady [15,41]. V.Stoyanov Bonyak (ukrain foliklorynda «qyrshanqy» dep ataytyn) jәne Túghorqan («Tugarin jylan»), sonday-aq, Sharuqan Kay mýmkin «jylandar ruy» әuletine kirgen shyghar dep esepteydi [15, 44]. Sonday-aq, V.Stoyanov, eshqanday derekke siltemesiz, Bonyaktyng әkesi Oseni (Aseni) bolghan dep jazady [15,45].

S.M.Aqynjanov: «ýndi súltandarynyng biri XIII ghasyrdyng birinshi jartysynda (shyndyghynda XIII ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda – J.S.) Úlyq han Adjam Jýzjaniyding mәlimeti boyynsha «elbóri hany jәne yemek shahy» dep jazghan [1,208]. Ári qaray Jýzjaniyding jazghanynda Úlyq han Adjamnyng әkesi Týrkistanda elbóri taypasynyng arasynda óte bedeldi túlgha jәne han lauazymyna ie bolghandyghy aitylady. Úlyq hannyng atasy «Abarhan Elbórining úrpaghy bolghan» [1,208-209]. S.M.Aqynjanov Úlyq hannyng atasyn, Mahmúd Qashghary atap ótken Tabar hanmen tendestiredi [1, 209]. Ya.Pilipchuk: Úlyq han Adjam (ol - Giyas ad- Din Balban) onyng taypasyn mongholdar jengennen keyin, qúldyqqa týsken, Baghdatta satylyp, Deliyge týsip jәne ózining tuma talantynyng arqasynda Dely súltandyghynyng jasaghyn basqaryp, 1247 jyldan bastap monghol shapqynshylyghyna birneshe toytarys bergen. Eng sonynda, ol Dely súltandyghyna basshy boldy [11, 76]. Úlyq han - Jalal ad-Dinning búrynghy seriktesi bolghan jәne Rim súltanynyng qolynan qaza tapqan Úlyq han Adjamnyng әkesi bolghandyghyn biz tújyrymday alamyz [17, 231] [17, 249].

Ya.Pilipchuk bir jaghynan Abar (Tabar) esimin Elteber titulymen tendestiredi[11,76]. Ekinshi jaghynan, ol P.Pellionyng izimen [18,97-103] búl Abardy Tutuqtyng úrpaghy Kunanmen (Qúnan, Suysu) tendestiredi[10,263].

Bir jaghynan, R.P.Hrapachevskiy Tutuq atauyn Qúnan retindegi (Suysu nemese Kuchu emes) oqylumen dәiekteydi, ekinshi jaghynan, Kunyan Kýn ruynan dep esepteydi [16,22]. Biz múny búryn synaghanbyz [14]. Búl jerde Qúnandy 1000 jyly óltirilgen Szubudyng jetekshisi, Tutuqtyng arghy atasy Hunanmen tendestiru bolashaghy bar tújyrym ekenin atap ótken jón [4,168] [16, 26].

Al Abar bolsa 1013 jәne 1015 jyldary qidandardan[16,26] jenilis tauyp, keyin qidandar patsha ataghyna úsynghan Szubudyng basqa kósemi Ubamen jenil tendestirildi [4,170].

Tutuqtyng ómirbayanyndaghy Inasy bәrine tanymal Inalchuk Qayyr han, Terken qatynnyng nemere aghasy jәne Monghol-Horezm soghysynyng sebepshisi ekendigin P.Pellio atap ótken [18,102-103]. Búl pikirdi Ya.Pilipchuk te qoldaydy [10,260]. Sonday-aq, R.P.Hrapachevskiy búl pikirdi eskermey, Inasy 1115-1120 jyldary tuyp, 1208 jәne 1208-1217 jyldary aralyghynda qaytys bolghan dep eseptegenin atap ótken jón. [16,23-24]. Bizding biluimizshe, Terken qatyn (Inalchukting bólesi) bayaut taypasynan (Nasaviyding mәlimeti), al Tutyqtyng nemeresi (Inalchukting tikeley túqymy) de sol rudan (yani Shy mәlimeti) [1,207], yaghny Qypshaq handyghynyng negizin salghan Qúnannyng ózi de osy bayaut taypasynan bolghan.

Búl jerde kóshpeli halyqtardyng ru-taypalyq qúrylymyn zertteudegi zertteushilerding qanday metodologiyagha jýginetinine toqtalghan jón. Europalyq tarihnamada býkil halyqty qúraytyn, sol nemese basqa taypanyng bólinbes bólshegi, kirpishi bolyp qarastyrylatyn rulyq-taypalyq qúrylymdy zertteude «atomistik» әdis basym. Sondyqtan da biz búl jaghdaydan bayaut, kiymek, úran, kay, elbóri bir dengeyding taksondary retinde qabyldanatynan kóremiz. Biraq ta búl jerde ózindik ereksheligi bar. Aytalyq, maqalanyng avtory últy boyynsha qazaq, Arghyn atty ýlken taypagha, Atyghay ruyna kiredi, onyng ishinde Babasan, al tegi Sabitov. Yaghni, búl jerde 5 dengeyding taksondary berilgen, jәne olar «atoma» bolyp eseptelmeydi. Dәl sonday tústar qytaylyq derekterde kórsetilgen, yaghny qidandardyng basshysy Abaoszy bir mezette Qidan, Ila (taypa - bu), Syalaym (ru - shiyle), Eluy (tegi, rudyng ishinde - miyle) bolghany nazar audartady [9,17]. Sondyqtan, rulardyng úsaq taraulargha kóshpeli bólinu dәstýrin eskeru arqyly, Elbóri, Bayaut, Kay (Úran) sekildi ataulardy qabyldaugha bolady. P.Pellioning ózi Tutuqtyng ata babalary qonystanghan Yuyboly taulary – Elbóri ruynyng qytaylyq atauy ekendigin boljaghan [18,107]. Biz «Terken qatynnyng tuystary» Úran ruyna (Kay monghol atauynyng týrkilik kóshirmesi) [2,147] qaraghanyn eskere otyryp, Qypshaq әuletining kelesidey taksonomiyalyq bólinuin boljay alamyz: Últy –Qypshaq, Taypa – Kay (Úran), Ru – Bayaut, Rudyng ishinde (әuletting atauy) – Elbóri.

Sonday-aq, Terken qatynnyng aghalary retinde: Taghay han [2,145] men Qúmar tegindi atap ótken jón [2,151]. Sonymen qatar, Terken qatynnyng nemeresi Han súltan Joshy hangha kýieuge shyghyp, birneshe úl dýniyege әkelgeni belgili. Nasavy bylay dep jazghan: «Mynaday jaghday oryn alghan: Múhammad ['Ala' ad-Diyn] súltannyng ýlken qyzdarynyng biri Han-Súltan Terken qatynmen birge [tatarlar] tútqyngha alynghan. Dushy han ony ózine әieldikke alyp, ol oghan bala tuyp bergen. Dushy han ólgen son, ol ózining aghasy [Djalal ad-Diyn] súltangha tatarlar turaly maghlúmat, ondaghy janalyqtar men jaghdaylardy bayandaghan. Ol súltan Hilatty qorshaugha alghan kezde, Múhammed súltannyng atymen jez kók taspen kómkerilgen әkesining jýzigining birin jibergen. Búl elshining odan kelgenining belgisi bolatyn. Ol aghasyna, al hakan ózining balalaryna Qúrandy ýiretuge búiryq bergenin jetkizgen» [17,224].

A.N.Ivanov Nazavy men Muiiz әl-Ansabtyng mәlimetteri negizinde, Joshynyng Han-Súltannan balalary Berke, Berkechar, Bóri dep boljaydy [6,106]. Biz búl boljammen kelisemiz, biraq ýshinshi úly Bóri emes, Buda [13,164]. Sonday-aq, Osman súltandyghynyng әuleti Kay ruynan shyqqandyghy, al Osmannyng atasy Evfratty kesip óterde sugha batyp ketkeni de aiqyn. Osmannyng arghy atalary Jalal ad-Dinning (horezmdikter) jasaghynyng qúramynda jәne Dely Súltandyghynda biylik etken Úlyq han adjam sekildi Qypshaq handary tarmaghynyng ókili bolghanyn boljay alamyz. Búl jerde bizding mәmlýk súltany Qúttyzdyng geneologiyasymen kelispeushiligimizdi aita ketken jón. Z.M.Buniyatovtyng qúndy derekter boyynsha Qúttyz (sonymen birge Mahmúd dep te ataghan) Jalal ad-Din qaryndasynyng úly, al onyng әkesi Jalal ad-Dinning әkesi jaghynan (әkesi jaghynan nemere aghasy) aghasynyng balasy әldebir Mamdúd [2,195]. Alayda, Z.M.Buniyatovtyng geneologiyalyq kestesinde Han-súltannyng balasy retinde Qúttyz kórsetilgen (yaghny Berke, Berkechar jәne Budanyng nemereles aghasy) [2,223]. Bizding oiymyzsha, Han-súltannyng kýieui әldebir Mamdud emes, sebebi onyng Joshygha deyingi kýieui Qarahan әuletinen samarqandyq Usman súltan bolghany belgili, sondyqtan, onyng anasy Djalal ad-dinning basqa qaryndasy [2,76]. 1212 jyly Han-Súltannyng talap etui boyynsha Qarahan әuletining barlyq ókilderimen birge Usman ólim jazasyna kesildi[2,78]. Sonday-aq, Qúttyz Yuani Shy dereginde Batys joryghynda Jebe men Sýbedeyden talqandalghan Qanly halqynyng basshysy Hotosy han retinde ataluy әbden mýmkin [5,223-224].

S.M.Aqynjanov Qypshaq әuletining batystyq bútaghynyng geneologiyalyq baylanystaryn qarastyrghan. 1082 jyly Sharuhan men Sýgirding әkesi Oseni qaytys bolghan. Sharuhannyng úldary Otrok pen Sarchan. Otraktyng úly Konshaq bolghan. Qonshaqtyng úly Yuriy bolghan [1,138-139]. Gurandohta Otraktyng qyzy jәne IV David Qúrylystyng әieli bolghan [1,144]. Sharukandyqtar «jylandy taypagha» jatatynyn S.M.Aqynjanov dәleldegen [1,139-144].

Belgili bolghanday, 1108 jyly Yuriy Dolgorukiy 5 bala tuyp bergen (sonyng ishinde Andrey Bogolubskiy bar) qypshaq hany Aep Asenevichting [7,30] [12,213] qyzy Annagha ýilenedi [7,31]. Sonymen qatar, 1151 jyly orys knyaziderimen shayqasta qaza tapqan Bonyakting úly Sevench te belgili [12, 220].

S.G.Klyashtornyy Asendi bulgar әuleti dunay qypshaqtarynan shyqqan dep esepteydi Qypshaq handary (Osenining úrpaqtary) әuletining janama bútaghy boluy әbden mýmkin [8,141].

Bizding oiymyzsha, әr týrli derekterde Aep, Bonyak, Sharukannyng әkesi retinde kórsetilgen Oseni men Aseni - bir adam bolghan, sondyqtan osy ýsh han men Sýgir Osenining balasy bolghan. O.Prisakting pikirinshe, Aep Kay-obanyng búrmalanghan týri [3,25]. Bizding payymdauymyzsha, Oseni men Alp-Kara Úran - Szubu basshylary Qúnan men Abardyng úrpaqtary bolghan. Szubu, bizding pikirimizshe, qidan derekterinde Qimaqtar (Kumostar) dep atalghan.

Jogharyda aitylghandardyng negizinde, tómende Batys (Alp-Qara Úran bútaqtary) pen Shyghys (Oseni úrpaqtary) tәrizdi Qypshaq handary әuletining genealogiyalyq kestesi  kórsetiledi.

Jaqsylyq  SÁBITOV.

Abay.kz

Qoldanylghan әdebiyetter tizimi:

1. Aqynjanov S. M. «Kypchaky v istoriy srednevekovogo Kazahstana» Almaty. Ghylym, 1995. 296 c.

2. Buniyatov Z.M. Gosudarstvo Horezmshahov-Anushteginidov 1097-1231. Moskva. Nauka. 1986. 248 s.

3. Golden P. K voprosu o proishojdeniy plemennyh nazvaniy kypchakov. //Kypchaky Evrazii: istoriya, yazyk y pisimennye pamyatniki. Sbornik materialov mejdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferensii, posvyashennoy 1100-letii Kiymekskogo gosudarstva v ramkah Dney turskskoy pisimennosty y kulitury. Astana, 2013. S. 22-36. 

4. Gumiylev L.N. Poisky vymyshlennogo sarstva. Legenda o «gosudarstve presviytera Ioanna» Moskva. Diy-Dik 1993. 480 s. 

5. Zolotaya Orda v istochnikah. Tom 3. Kitayskie y mongoliskie istochniki. Moskva. SIVOI. 2009. 336 s.

6. Ivanov A.N. «K voprosu o prichinah prinyatiya islama zolotoordynskim hanom Berke»//Zolotoordynskaya sivilizasiya. Sbornik statey. Vypusk 2. – Kazani: Institut istoriy iym. Sh.Mardjany AN RT, 2009. S. 103-107.

7. Katanchiyev S. T. Aleksandr Nevskiy — pravnuk kypchakskogo (poloveskogo) hana Kotyana. Nalichiyk: Elibrus, 2008. 248 s.

8. Klyashtornyy S.G., Savinov D.G. Stepnye imperiy drevney Evraziiy. Seriya: Istoricheskie issledovaniya Sankt-Peterburg Filologicheskiy fakulitet SPbGU 2005. 346 s. .

9. Kychanov E.I. O ranney gosudarstvennosty u kidaney//Sentralinaya Aziya y sosednie territoriy v srednie veka. Istoriya y kulitura Vostoka Azii. Novosibirsk. Nauka. 1990. C. 10-24.

10. Pilipchuk Ya.V. Mongoliskoe zavoevanie kocheviy vostochnyh kypchakov// Turkologicheskiy sborniyk. 2009-2010. Turkskie narody Evraziy v drevnosty y srednevekovie. Moskva: «Vostochnaya liyteratura». 2011. S. 259-288.

11. Pilipchuk Ya.V. Politicheskaya y voennaya istoriya kypchakov v Indiy v XIII v. //Voennoe delo kochevnikov Kazahstana y sopredelinyh stran epohy Srednevekoviya y Novogo vremeni. Astana, 2013. S. 70-79.

12. Rasovskiy D.A. Polovsy, chyornye klobuki: pechenegi, torki, berendey na Rusy y Vengriy (raboty raznyh let). Moskva. SIVOI, 2012. 240 c.

13. Sabitov J.M. Berke y ego pravlenie v Zolotoy Orde// Voprosy Istoriy y arheologiy srednevekovyh kochevnikov y Zolotoy Ordy. Sbornik nauchnyh statey pamyaty V.P. Kostukova. Astrahani. Izdatelistvo «Astrahanskiy uniyversiytet». 2011. S. 164-169

14. Sabitov J.M. Resenziya na monografii Hrapachevskogo R.P. Polovsy-kuny v Volgo-Uraliskom mejdurechie (po dannym kitayskih istochnikov)// v pechatiy

15. Stoyanov V. Drakony y elibiry v kumansko-kypchakskom miyre. Variasiy po teme strukturirovaniya jilogo prostranstva//Kypchaky Evrazii: istoriya, yazyk y pisimennye pamyatniki. Sbornik materialov mejdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferensii, posvyashennoy 1100-letii Kiymekskogo gosudarstva v ramkah Dney turskskoy pisimennosty y kulitury. Astana, 2013. S. 37-47. 

16. Hrapachevskiy R.P. Polovsy-kuny v Volgo-Uraliskom mejdurechie (po dannym kitayskih istochnikov). Moskva: SIVOI. 2013. 128 s.

17. Shihab ad-din an-Nasavi. Sirat as-sultan Djalal ad-Din Mankburny. Moskva. Vostochnaya liyteratura. 1996. 290 s.

18. Pelliot P. Hambis L. Histoire des campagnes de Gengis Khan, Chen-wu ts’in-tcheng lou. traduit et annote par Paul Pelliot et Louis Hambis, t. I, Leiden, 1951. 490 p.