ShOQYNGhAN QAZAQTY DA ShETTETPEYIK
Zamanyna qaray adamy jәne onyng amaly bolatyny ras. Jana tehnologiya onyng ishinde ghalamtor - Alash ýshin aitaryn irkip qalmaghan, sózi mirdey, enbegi telegey tenizdey professor Túrsynbek Kәkishevke de tansyq bolmay shyqty. Kýni keshe Túrsynbek Kәkishev www.kakishov.kz dep atalatyn veb-saytyn ashyp, qazaq ghylymy men mәdeniyetindegi, әdebiyetindegi zamandastaryna janasha ýlgi kórsetti. Ghalamtordyng ishinen biren-saran bolmasa, qazaq ziyalylarynyng jeke sayty qat. Túrsynbek Kәkishevting ónegeli isinen sabaq alghan el ziyalylary ózderining shygharmashylyq enbekterin, oilaryn jana tehnologiya zamanyndaghy úrpaqtarynyng nazaryna úsyna otyryp, zamanmen birge jasaytyndaryn pash eter degen ýmittemiz.
Tómende biz Túrsynbek Kәkishevting 1999 jazghan maqalasyn oqyrman nazaryna úsynyp otyrmyz.
«Abay-aqparat»
Zamanyna qaray adamy jәne onyng amaly bolatyny ras. Jana tehnologiya onyng ishinde ghalamtor - Alash ýshin aitaryn irkip qalmaghan, sózi mirdey, enbegi telegey tenizdey professor Túrsynbek Kәkishevke de tansyq bolmay shyqty. Kýni keshe Túrsynbek Kәkishev www.kakishov.kz dep atalatyn veb-saytyn ashyp, qazaq ghylymy men mәdeniyetindegi, әdebiyetindegi zamandastaryna janasha ýlgi kórsetti. Ghalamtordyng ishinen biren-saran bolmasa, qazaq ziyalylarynyng jeke sayty qat. Túrsynbek Kәkishevting ónegeli isinen sabaq alghan el ziyalylary ózderining shygharmashylyq enbekterin, oilaryn jana tehnologiya zamanyndaghy úrpaqtarynyng nazaryna úsyna otyryp, zamanmen birge jasaytyndaryn pash eter degen ýmittemiz.
Tómende biz Túrsynbek Kәkishevting 1999 jazghan maqalasyn oqyrman nazaryna úsynyp otyrmyz.
«Abay-aqparat»
1993 jyly Mongholiya qazaqtaryna shyqqan foliklorlyq-etnografiyalyq ekspedisiya Altay ólkesining Tauly Altay respublikasyndaghy qazaqtar arasynda boldyq. Bizdi әsirese qayran qaldyrghany - Túrata eldi-mekeninde túryp jatqan shoqynghan bauyrlar. Al Qosaghash pen bergi Antonovkadaghy qazaqtar ózderining últtyq mentaliytetin joghaltpay, rәsim-dәstýrlerin saqtaugha talaptanghandarymen qorshaghan ortanyng әserin qabyldamasqa sharalary qalmaghan. Tipti tútas otyr degen Bayan-Ólgiy qazaqtarynyng ózi monghol yqpalyn sezbey qalmapty. Al Altaydyng eng bir ayaq jetpes quysyna tyghylghan Túratadaghy bauyrlardyng býgingi qalpyna ókpelep, ony ózimizden alystatugha bolmaydy-au degen qorytyndygha keldim. Psihologiyalyq kendikke ie bolghan el әrqashan útady. Oghan dәlel - Resey.
Sol Túratadaghy qazaqtar hrestian dinine kirgen, ýilerining tórinde - ikona. Jasy egdeler, alpystan asqandar qazaq tilinde taza sóileydi. Al 30 ben 55-ting arasyndaghylar shýldirlep, oryssha men qazaqshany aralastyryp ózimizding qalalarymyzdaghyday sóileydi. Al 30-dan tómengileri tilden aiyrylghan dep aitsa da bolar. Osyghan qaramastan әu dep auyz ashqanda aitatyn әnderi - «Elim-ay», onan keyingisi osy Qazaq gimni men orystyng әsirese dastarhan basynda iship alghannan keyin aitatyn әnimen budandasqan «Eh milyi, dýniye-ay». Últtyq әuen әli qúryp bitpegen, ózining halyqtyq negizin myqtap saqtamaghanymen qazaqy elesteri men elementterin tauyp alugha bolady.
Al túrmys-tirliginde qazaqy ghadet basym. Shay ishu, et jeu ghana emes, tipti túrmystyq rәsimning ózi týgelge jaqyn saqtalghan siyaqty. Óitkeni biz barghan kezde esik aldyna qoydy jetektep kelip, bata súraularyna qaraghanda rәsimning eng negizgilerinen habary bar. Áriyne, mening búl baqylaularym ýstirtteu boluy ghajap emes, biraq múnday qúbylystardy qazaq diasporasynyng ruhany әlemine tartpau, belgili bir kórinis esebinde eskermeu әbestik bolar edi.
Taghy da sol Altay ónirinen, ózimizding aimaghymyzdan bir mysal keltireyin. Qazaqtyng «әr elding salty basqa, itteri qara qasqa» deytini ras bolugha tiyis. Bizding respublikanyng qúramynda bolghanymen, orys ortasynyn, onyng ishinde kirjaktardyng yqpalynda bolghan óz qazaghymyzdyng rәsimdi saqtamau jayy da oilantugha tiyis. Áriyne, jeke adamnyng psihologiyasy, is-әreketi deuge bolar, sonda da «ýige kiriniz, shay ishiniz» deudi «úmytyp» ketkenderge kezdeskende orys Altayy men qazaq Altayynyng arasyndaghy aiyrmashylyqty birden angharady ekensin. Orys Altayynda shoqynyp ketken qazaqtar ózining últtyq dәstýrin joghaltyp almaugha kýsh salsa, qazaq Altayyndaghylar ózimizdiki qayda keter deysin, artynan jinap alarmyz, әueli ózgenikin ýirenip alayyq dep jýrip, sanyn soghyp qalatyn siyaqty. Olardy kýnde kórip jýrmiz ghoy.
Qazaqtyng ruhany baylyghyn saqtau jónindegi ýlken mәseleni bastap kele jatyp, kórgen-bilgenge, naqty mysaldargha auyp ketip jatqanym, últ mәdeniyetinde iri-úsaq qúbylys bolmaydy, shyn ruhaniyat pen órkeniyet solardan qúralady, aspannan esh uaqytta dayyn kýiinde týsken dýniye bolghan emes. Mine, sondyqtan túla boyynda qazaq qany aghyp túrghan adamdardyng jasaghan әdebiy-mәdeny baylyqtary últ tarihynda, onyn ruhani dýniyesinde týgeldey eskeriluge, qamqorlyqqa alynugha tiyis.
Qazaqtyng Ál-Faraby atyndaghy memlekettik últtyq uniyversiytetining qazaq әdebiyetining tarihy men syny kafedrasy «Qazaq diasporasynyng ruhany әlemi» degen ortalyq ashyp, biraz izdenister jasady. Qazaq jәne Qytay Halyq Respublikasyndaghy Ýrimshi uniyversiytetining tvorchestvolyq baylanystary kóleminde 1992 jyly foliklorlyq-etnografiyalyq ghylymy ekspedisiya jasaqtalyp, Qytay ókimetinen vizanyng keshendeui saldarynan ol elding dәmi tartpaghan edi. Alayda basqa bir sebepti paydalanyp Shynjangha baryp qaytqan uaqytta Qytaydaghy qazaqtardyng әdebiy-mәdeny múragha qamqorlyghy bizdegiden de myqty ekenin anghardyq ta, ýlken jospardy keyingi kezekterge yghystyrugha tura keldi.
Óitkeni Nyghmet Mynjany syndy úly tarihshynyng «Qazaqtyng qysqasha tarihyn» jasap beruin bylay qoyghanda, Qytay jerinde jiyrmagha tarta gazet-jurnal, onyng ishinde «Múra» atty arnayy jurnaldyng qazaq tilinde shyghyp túruy, әzirge 12 tom bolyp shyqqan «Qazaq qissalary», eki tom shejire, taghy basqa basylymdardy auyzgha alar bolsaq, halyq múrasyn shashau qylmaugha niyettengen jeteli mamandardyng barlyghyn tilge tiyek eter bolsaq, onda biz sol Qytay Halyq Respublikasynda qazaq ruhaniyaty turaly shyqqan enbekterdi múqiyat paydalanyp, ózimizding әrqily tarihymyzdy ajarlandyrugha tiyispiz.
Gh. Ábilseyitov respublikanyng ghylym jәne jana tehnologiya ministri bolyp túrghan kezde qazaq diasporasyn zertteu isine edәuir qolghabysyn tiygizgenin aitpasqa bolmas. Qolyna biylik pen mór tiygen keybir tóreler Qazaqstandy kórkeytuge jәrdemim tiyip jatyr dep qolyndaghy qarajatty halyqtyng ruhany múrasyn jinaugha júmsaudy artyq shyghyn kórip, óresining tómendigin talay kórsetip keledi. Áli de bar ondaylar.
Sol kezdegi ministrding qoldauymen Qazaq uniyversiyteti Mongholiya men Irandaghy qazaq diasporasynda bolyp, edәuir júmys tyndyrdy. Qazaq qauymdastyghynyng «Mongholiya qazaqtary» jinaghyn qúrastyrugha jәrdemdesip, «Monghol qazaqtarynyng әzilderi» degen kitap shyghardyq. Ekspedisiyagha ajar ghana emes, ýlken mәn-maghyna bergen Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng ónerine enbegi singen Iliya Jaqanovtyng osy eki ekspedisiyada boluy, eki jýzge tarta ólen, yrghaq, maqam jinap alyp, «Monghol qazaqtarynyng әni» degen sazdy keshti «Ghalymdar ýiinde» ótkizui aitugha ghana onay. Múnyng syrtynda Qazaq radiosynan birneshe habar berilip, Mongholiya qazaqtarynyng әdebiyeti men sazy arnayy dissertasiyalyq kólemde zerttelip jatqany tegin emes. Óitkeni Mongholiya qazaq ruhaniyatynyng dәstýri eng myqty saqtalghan, qaymaghy búzylmaghan aimaq ekenin esten shygharugha bolmaydy.
Iran ekspedisiyasynyng bergen azyghy da az emes. Kirmening aty әrqashan kirme, onyng ýstine tútas ótpey bir-birlep kirgen song ósip-ónuding de tabighy qiyndyqtary kezdesedi eken. 20-jyldardyng ayaghynan bastap Iran jerine óte bastaghan qazaqtardyng 1942 jylgha deyin tughan sәbiylerining shetineu faktisining ózi biologiyalyq sebeptermen dәleldenetin shyghar, al ruhany jaghynan kelgende bóten ólkening yqpalyn tez qabyldamay, ózining qazaq jerinen alyp shyqqan ruhany baylyghymen ruhtanu, sony medet tútu prosesi de bizding ghalymdardy oilandyryp qana qoymay, tezirek zertteudi qajet etetin qúbylys. Toqyrap qalghan dýniyening tonyn jibitu, oghan jana qan jiberu qajet bolghanda parsy mәdeniyetinen júqtyrghandary da az emes eken. Sonyng bәrin biz «Iran qazaqtary» degen atpen bergen bes telekórinisterde qazaqstandyqtargha anghartugha tyrystyq. Qatyrshat, Tәjibay syndy sózge ústa adamdardyng sózderi men ólenderi Myrzatay Joldasbekovting «Egemendi Qazaqstan» gazetindegi jariyalanymynda qazaq eline jetti. Qalay bolghan kýnde de týp-týgel kóship ketpey túrghan uaqytta Irangha taghy da bir oily, kózdi ekspedisiya jasaqtaghannyng artyqtyghy joq.
Týrkiyadaghy bauyrlargha barushylar kóp, zertteushiler az. Agha úrpaqtyng últjandyghy orta úrpaqta siyrqúiymshaqtanyp bara jatqan siyaqty. Al jastar jaghy ózi ósken ortanyng әser-yqpalyn tolyq qabyldap, tilden aiyrylu qaupine úshyraghan. Sondyqtan kәri-qúrtandar elge jetuge asyqsa, orta jastaghylar sauda-sattyqpen baylanys ornatugha qúmar. Jastar jaghy týrik-qazaq degenge mәz.
Týrkiyada qazaq ziyalylarynyng ýlken toby bar. Atyshuly «Azattyq» radiosy arqyly tanylghan Hasen Oraltaydy, dindar ghalym Halifa Altaydy, sayatshy Dәlelhandy, últ dәstýrine Qyzyrbekti, ghalym Zeynesh Ismaiyl, eki eldi ghylymy kópirmen jalghastyrushy Múhtarhan Orazbay syndy talay azamattardyng ónimdi de paydaly enbekterin qazaq tarihynda myqty eskeruge tiyistimiz.
Men búlay degende, qazaqtyng órkeniyeti syrtta jasalyp, endi ózimizge qaytsyn dep otyrghan joqpyn. Ishtegi de, syrttaghy da týgel sanatqa alynyp, tolyqqandy qazaq dýniyesi jasalu mәselesi kimdi bolsa da oilandyrady ghoy deymin.
Mine, osy arada eki mәsele qatarlasa oigha oralyp otyr. Birinshi - qazaqtyng ruhany baylyghyna ie bolatyn bir ortalyq jasau problemasy. Qazir uniyversiytette de, akademiyanyng filosofiya jәne qúqyq, tarih instituttarynda da, Til departamentinde de qazaq diasporalarymen ainalysyp jýrgender, irili-uaqty toptar bar. Meninshe, osynyng bәri biriguge tiyis, әrqaysysy óz basyna qos kótermey, Dýniyejýzi qazaqtarynyng qauymdastyghynda mәrtebeli otau tigip, tiyisti qaru-saymanmen, tehnikamen, әsirese qarajatpen qamtamasyz etilse, núr ýstine núr bolar edi. Sonda shashyrandylyqtan qútylyp, shettegi qazaq mәdeniyetinin júrnaghy bir ortalyqqa jinalyp, eldigimizdi kórkeytuge kómekteser edi.
Kóshiru, qonystandyru, kómektesu mәselelerimen qatar oilanatyn taghy ýlken bir jay bar. Kóship kelgen bauyrlardyng 5-10 otbasyn búrynghyday әr oblysqa shashyp jibermey, ýiirley ornalastyru jaghyn qatty eskeru shart. Tipti, mýmkindik bolsa, әsirese Mongholiya men Qytaydan kóship kelgen, keler bauyrlardy bir ónirge, aimaqqa jinastyryp, óz әkimshiligin qúryp, biylik tizginin ózderining qolyna bersek tipti tamasha. Áriyne, ekonomikalyq damu jaghynan ýilestire qoi da qiyndyq kezdesui әbden mýmkin: biraq onyng esesine qazaq mәdeniyetining dәstýri men silemderi júlmalanbay, tozdyrylmay, ózining tabighy qalpyn saqtap, sóitip, bizding býgingi ruhany dýniyemizge ózining aishyqty ýlesin qosatyn ýlgiler saqtalar edi. Sonda biz әri ekonomikalyq, әri demografyalyq, әri mәdeny faktorlardy qatar órkendetip, býkil qazaq tarihyna paydasy tiyetin qúbylysqa keziger edik.
Sondyqtan Dýniyejýzi qazaqtarynyng qauymdastyghy mәdeni-iydeologiyalyq, ýgit-nasihattyq, әdebi-estetikalyq ortalyq bolyp kóp mәselege qoghamdyq negizde qozghau salyp, múryndyq bolyp otyrsa. Nemis, polyak aghayyndardyng ýlgili isteri bizge eldikti, últtyqty qalay saqtaudyng jәne odan әri órkendetuding jolyn kórsetkeninen namystanbay ýirene bilsek, kózdegen maqsatymyzgha tez jeter edik.
Sonymen baylyq ta, batyrlyq ta, órekpigen kónil de bir maqsat ta, bir baghytta toghysyp, taryday shashyraghan qazaqtardyng әr jerde jýrip jasaghan ruhany baylyqtaryn rәsua etpey, tútas jinap, tarihymyzda jarqyrata kórsetsek - qazaq degen elding de dýnie jýzinde ózining keskin-kelbetimen tanylyp, jarqyrap kórineri sózsiz. Qazir osyghan sayasiy-әleumettik, tipti ekonomikalyq negizder de jasalyp qaldy. Tarihta bir-aq ret bolatyn mýmkindikti aqyl-parasatpen paydalana bilsek qana múratqa jetemiz. Ruhany baylyq - bar dәuletting basyn biriktiretin últtyq qúbylys ekenin úmytpayyq, aghayyn!
«Qazaq eli»
12-18. 02. 1999