ÁLIHAN BÓKEYHANOVTYNG MÁSKEUDING ÁSKERIY-TARIHY MÚRAGhATYNAN ALYNGhAN HATY
Maghan deyin búl hatpen Popentorg, Karnagev, Qúsayynov bastaghan 7 adam tanysypty. Onyng ishinde 2002 jyly Majitov, Tleubaev әr jerinen kóshiripti. Al 2003 jyly 3 jeltoqsanda Kazaqstannan kelgen mamandar kelisimshart boyynsha mikrofilimge týsirgen. Qay mekeme ekeni belgisiz. Almatygha kelgennen keyin Álihan Bókeyhanovqa qatysty jaryq kórgen enbekterdi qarap shyqtym. Biraq kezdestire almadym. Sondyqtan últ kósemi Álekenning orys tilinde jazylghan hatyn týpnúsqadan audaryp berip otyrmyn.
Bolatbek NÁSENOV, zertteushi, Semeydegi Shәkәrim jәne M.Áuezov atyndaghy uniyversiytetterding qúrmetti professory.
Mәskeu. Áskeriy-tarihy múraghat. 563-qor, 1-opisi, 6-is.
Álihan Bókeyhanovtan A.M. Kolubakinge.1906 jylghy 20 aqpan.
1 beti.
Qúrmetti Aleksandr Mihaylovich!
Sizding qarajýzdikterding tóndirgen qaupinen aman-esen qútylghanynyzgha shyn jýregimnen quanyshtymyn. Olardy aqyldy jolmen aldap ketipsiz.
Ózinizge jiberip otyrghan 14 bet hatty “Nashey jizni” jәne basqa da sonday gazetterge basuynyzdy súraymyn. Onda mening basymnan ótken qiyndyqty kóresiz. Men K.D.-lardyng sezine qatysudyng ornyna týrmege týstim. Memlekettik Dumanyng mýsheligine kandidat retinde knyazi D.IY.Shahqa sәlem aitynyz. Sizding qolynyzdy qysamyn.
Á.Bókeyhanov
Maqala-hatty zansyz jolmen jiberip otyrmyn. Mening hattarym tekseriledi, tirkeledi. Eger maghan hat jazamyn deseniz: Pavlodar. Medisina felidsheri Amanbay Shegirovke. Onyng ishine Álihan Núrmúhamedúly Bókeyhanovqa dep jiberiniz. Memlekettik Dumada kezdesermiz.
21.02.1906 j. Pavlodar, Semey oblysy. №25.
Gazetti mening hatymmen birge Pavlodargha Narokonovqa jiberiniz.
Qyrghyz dalasynyng Dzyan-Dzyany
Bizding ólke (Semey jәne Aqmola oblystary) beybit ómir sýredi. Olardyng shydamdylyghyna orys-japon soghysynyng aibyndy batyry Kuropatkin (Suhotiyn, Rominov, Galkinderdi aitpaghanda) qyzghana qaraghan bolar edi.
Osy qyrghyz dalasyndaghy 26 sharua basqarushy jәne uezdikterde patshalyq etip otyrghandar jeksúryn bastyqtar.
Búl jerge Reseyden ómir sýru ýshin kýreske jaramaytyndardy jiberedi. Sharualardyng bastyqtarynyng ishinde rotmistr, kapitan, din qyzmetkeri, pisari, tipti veterinar dәrigeri de bar. Búl myrzalar qyrghyzdargha oilaryna ne keledi sony jasaydy.
Zang boyynsha qatang tiym salynsa da olardyng biri dýre soghady (O, zang qaydasyn?). Ekinshisi tóbeles shygharady, Halyq saylaghan basqarushyny bekitpey ózderining dostaryn bekitedi, qyrghyzdardyng tilegin qabyldamaydy, al poshtamen ótinish aitsa jauap bermeydi. Qyrghyz bolystarynan tegin azyq-týlik alugha әbden әdettengen.
Beybit qyrghyz ólkesi ýshin adamdar ondy jolmen kýresip jýrgende batyr general Suhotin әskery tәrtip ornatudy talap etti. Sony negizinde tómende qol qoyshy 1906 jyly 9 qantarda qamaugha alyndy. Men Semeyding okrugtik soty janyndaghy prokurordyng baqylaushysyna birneshe ret jazyp maghan naqty aiyp taghyp aiyptaularyn súradym. Biraq prokuror (Orlovskiy) jәne tergeushi (Konakov) birneshe ret maghynasyz hattarmen jauap berdi. Olar maghan general Suhotinning jandarmdarynyng rotmistrine aryz jaz dedi. Men әzirshe esimnen aiyrylghan joqpyn. Men olargha aryzdanbay tútqyndalghan merzimnen bir ay ótuin (23) әri jariyalanghan soghys jaghdayy kýni ótsin dep tostym.
24 qantarda Pavlodardyng uezdik bastyghy Kurtukov maghan F.A.Goloviynnyng telegrammasyn kórsetti. Onda ol meni jer jәne qala qayratkerlerining Mәskeu sezine qarasha aiynda qatysugha shaqyrdy. Dәl sonday-aq kadetterding sezine 4 qantargha shaqyrghan A.A.Korniylovtyng da telegrammasy keldi. Onan keyin K.P.D-nyng baghdarlama kitapshasynda meni (bir de bir esekting oiyna kelmeydi) anarhist dep aiyptapty. Osy kezde mening kóz aldyma Qytay әripteri týsti (shenber – kýn – taza aqyl, soqpaq – auyz – adam men jәne qamshy – biylik – zan) barlyghy birigip = taza aqyl jәne tabandy biylik bastyq bolady. Jogharyda aitylghan “soqpaqpen” kóp әngimelestim. Olargha búrynghy kýzet bastyghy Vorovskiy, Shyghys Qazaqstan temir jol bastyghy Guchkov býginde “17 oktyabridin” jetekshisi. Olar qarajýzdikterge keshirim berudi súrap jýrgender.
Meni jazalaushylar ózderin aqtau ýshin taghy da tintuge rúqsat beripti. (Al olar eki apta búryn tintken edi).
Tintuding qorytyndysymen menen jauap almaqshy, al eger de eshnәrse tabylmasa onda oghan anarhiyalyq qoghamnyng basshysy dep aiyptau kerek degen tapsyrma alghan. Men osy úyatsyz aiyptaudan keyin bizding zannyng “túraqty – berik” ekenine kózim jetti. Hunhuzdar “jeke adamnyng derbes qúqyqtylyghyn” qoldanyp Molchalinning aqylyn tәrtiptilikpen oryndady.
Men 12 aqpanda prokurordyng qadaghalaushysy arqyly Semey okrugining prokuroryna mynaday aryz jiberdim: 23-statiyagha soghys jaghdayynyng jariyalanuyna baylanysty aldyn ala ústalu aiyby retinde men 2 apta týrmede otyrdym. Ony bir aigha sozdy. Al negizinde gubernatordyng jazbasha qaulysy boyynsha úzartuy tiyis edi. Kutukov aqyldy adam. Ony maghan kórsetken joq.
Men prokurordyng baqylaushysyna: “Qanday negizde meni týrmede ústap otyr, sottar?” - dep súraq qoydym. Olardy Ponty Pilatqa emes, sottyng aldynda esep beruge shaqyrdym.
Qazirgi zamandaghylar ýshin búl M.E.Saltykovsha anqaulyq, óitkeni joghalghan ardyng songhy túraghy.
Prokuror Jdanovich joldastan mynaday jauap aldym. Ol jauap qughyngha týsken ardyng orys balasynyn jýreginen oryn tapqanymen, Jdanovichting arasynda eshqanday baylanys joq ekendigining kuәsi boldy.
Prokurordyng búl jauaby basqa jaghynan ghajap, sol sebepti men ony tómende tolyq keltireyin: “Bókeyhanovqa habarlau kerek. Qolbasshysynyng qaulysy boyynsha (Ombynyng Dzyani-Dzuni Suhotiyn) onynqamauda (tútqynda) bolu merzimi taghy da bir aigha úzartyldy. Memlekettik qorghau erejesine sәikes qarauylda bolu merzimining songhy kýnderi ótkenge deyin ústalady.
Búl ne? Semey oblysynda soghys jaghdayyn jariyalady. Osy erejening tәrtibi boyynsha Dzyan-Dzun toghysharlardy tútqyndaydy.
Soghys jaghdayyn jariyalaghanda eshqanday aiyp taghylmasa da ony memleket mýddesin qorghau maqsatynda tútqynda ústau kerek. Bir sózben aitqanda Suhotin ayaghy tiygen jerge qojalyq jýrgizgisi keledi. Mine shyndyghynda bastyq taza aqylmen, myqty biylikke ie bolady. Qytay iyeroglifti aitqanday: shenber – sopaq – úzyn qamshy. Men 10 aqpanda Vitte myrzagha mynaday telegramma jiberdim: “Tekseru biyligining qaulysynsyz Pavlodardyng týrmesinde eki ay otyrmyn. Tekserinizder, sot ashynyzdar. Mәskeuding qarasha jer sezining mýshesi Bókeyhanov”. Búl telegrammany prokurordyng rúqsatymen bergen edim. Ony Semeyding general-gubernatory Galkin bógedi. Ol telegrammamen 4 kýn tanysyp ony Ombynyng general-gubernatory Subbotinge jiberdi. Ol әriyne Plevege jiberedi. Sonymen, mening Vittening atyna jibergen telegrammamnyng taghdyry ne bolar eken? Bizding jazghan hattarymyzdy ýlken-kishili Dzyan-Dzundar tekserip keldi. 19 aqpanda prokuror Puhlyakovtyng rúqsaty bolsa da Pavlodargha әdeyilep menen jauap alugha kelgender jauap aludan bas tartty. Men Zang ministri Akimovke mynaday telegramma berdim: “Eshqanday aiyp taghylmay, qaulysyz Pavlodardyng týrmesinde 40-shy kýn otyrmyn. Ákimshilik 23.8-statiyasynan tys erejege sәikes soghys jaghdayyna baylanysty qimyldauda. Sottyng boluyn nemese Mәskeuding qarasha – jer sezining mýshesi Bókeyhanovty bosatuynyzdy talap etemin”.
Eshqanday jauap joq.
Mening týrmege týsuimning sebebi - general Suhotin menen kek alyp otyr. Bostandyq kýni mening maqalam jariyalanghan edi. Onda ony 17 qazandaghy Maniyfesting 1-punktine sәikes sotqa berudi talap etkenmin. Ol kezde men Dumada qyrghyzdardyng kandidaty edim. Meni týrmege qamau jәne zannyng osynshama jýzim sharabyna masayraghandarynyng mazaghy boluy, Napoleonnyng saylau aldyndaghy ýgitterining (Luy Napoleon) keri jaghdayyna úqsas. Ol jóninde Vitte myrzanyng da yqpaly bar boluy kerek.
Týrmeden meni Fransuz rantiesi Vitte myrza keshirim berse ghana nemese saylau ayaqtalghanda shygharady. Bizde sot da, zang da joq. Onyng barlyghyn (qytay iyerogliyfindegi) shenber – sopaq – úzyn qamshy auystyrady.
Álihan BÓKEYHANOV.20 aqpan 1906 jyl.
Pavlodar – týrme.
HALEL DOSMÚHAMETOVTINMÁSKEU MÚRAGhATYNAN TABYLGhAN HATY
2007 jyly Mәskeuding Áskeriy-tarihy múraghatynan osy hatty kóshirip aldym. Oral qalasynyng múrajayynda bolghan kezimde búl jóninde eshbir derek kezdespedi. Kóptegen tarihshylar, filosoftarmen kezdeskenimde osy hat turaly taghy da eshkim eshnәrse aita almady. Soghan qaraghanda, hatpen birinshi tanysyp otyrghan men boluym mýmkin. Oqyrmandar habardar bolsyn dep qazaqshagha audaryp bergejón kórdim.
Bolatbek NÁSENOV, zertteushi, Semeydegi Shәkәrim jәne M.Áuezov atyndaghy
uniyversiytetterding qúrmetti professory.
№DPOO qory, opisi – №1904.1915-is.
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HAT
1904 jyl. 7 qazan. S-Peterburgten Qazan qalasyndaghy veterinar institutynyng studenti Ghúbaydolla Berdiyevke.
Qaladaghy úzaq merzim ishindegi qapyryq ómirden keyin dala maghan boydy biylep alatynday әser etti. Ózime tanys kiygiz ýiding kórinisi, asa qymbatty auylyma kelgenim, tuystarmen kezdesu, syrt adamdardyng qúrmeti – osynyng bәri tanghalarlyqtay әser etedi. Búl dalalyqtardyng órkeniyettilerden joghary túrghandyghynyng belgisi. Senen basqa jýzdegen, myndaghan qyrghyzdar jogharghy dәrejeli bilimder alyp jatqanyn oiynyzgha alsanyz, sol kezde búl halyqta enbekke, algha basugha qabiletti dep esepteysin. Ol: “Bir kezde dýnie jýzinde aldynghy qatarly qúrmetti oryndardyng birin alady, ol ekinshi Japoniyagha ainalady”, – degen sóz.
Aq shaytandardyng qol astynda ýnemi bola beru mýmkin emes. Ózin ózi túnshyqtyrushy, әri óz biyligin shektemegen, tipti jerasty kýshine qarsy túra almaytyndar ózining óshin eshqanday kinәsi joq shet aimaqtaghy halyqtardan almaqshy. Osylaysha, әzirshe qarsylasugha shamasy joq bizding halqymyzdy tyqsyruda, janshuda. Olardyng jerlerin tartyp aluda. Búl jerlerdi halqymyz qanyn tógip tatar, bashqúrt, qalmaqtardan qorghap qalghan edi. Otarshylar myndaghan adamdardyng ómirin qiyp, úrylaryna, tonaushylaryna, bizding halyqty “ýiretushilerge” bólip berdi.
Olar bizding halyqqa temeki tartu, araq ishu, ótirik aitu, úrlyq, zorlyq zombylyq arqyly qayyrshy boludy ýiretip, sonyng jemisi retinde býkil halyqty qúryp ketu dәuirine jetkizbekshi. Bizding halyq ómir sýru ýshin jantalasuy qajet.
Dәl osynday jolmen bizding dala әkimshiligindegiler de qimyldamaqshy (Nach.SPBO.O. s/l №12065 Dosmúhametov). Birin-biri jamandau, pәleqorlyq, dau-janjal tughyzu jәne partiyagha, jikke bólinip jaulasudy qozdyruda.
Basqarudyng basshylary bolyp mine, birneshe jyl baqytsyz zamannyng keselinen qatygez, adamgershiligi joq, halqyna degen jýregi taza emes, ayaushylyqty bilmeytin tonaushylar, qasiyetti diny sezimdi ayaqqa basushylar keledi. Mysalgha, basqarmanyng qyzyl krestine janashyrlyq jәrdem jinau degendi syltau etip bastyqtar “búiryqpen” baylardan bir-bir qoydan, al kedeylerden bir rubli jinaudy jariyalady. Búl adam aitqysyz kóp somadan bastyqtargha 100 somy qaldyrylady. Bizding baqytsyz halqymyzgha Yulduzovtyng kompaniyasynyng jasaghan jamandyghyn eseptep shygharu ýshin birneshe adamdy otyrghyzu kerek.
Saylau kezinde de solay. Eshnәrse qarsy qoya almaysyz. Býkil halyqty qorqytyp qoyghan. Olar ýndemeydi.
Eng ókinishtisi sol, osyny kóre túryp sening qolynnan eshnәrse kelmeydi. Biz halyqqa kómektesemiz dep qiyaldaymyz. Qashan? Osynyng barlyghy jýrekti auyrtady. Tek sen ghana meni týsinesin, maghan janyng ashidy. Oilanshy. Bolystyqqa Aday Ójekti, (19 shar alghan) nemese Jylsýiimbetti (11 shar alghan) saylaugha bolmas pa eken? Áytpese bolystyqqa Gaduchevtyng kompaniyasynan súmyray Júmaghúldy saylauy mýmkin. Onda taghy da halyq onyng qanauynan qanqaqsaydy.
NAR TÚLGhA: SAYaSATKER, GhALYM, AZAMAT
Otan tarihyndaghy airyqsha bir ensesi joghary túlghalardyng biri Mústafa Shoqay turaly songhy on bes jylda kóp jazylyp jýr. Solardyng ishinde әrqaysysynyng ózindik airyqsha orny bar tuyndylar retinde Darhan Qydyrәliyevting kitaby men Kóshim Esmaghambetovting “Álem tanyghan túlgha (M.Shoqaydyng dýniyetanymy jәne qayratkerlik bolmysy)” atty kitaby – osy taqyryptaghy alghashqy irgeli zertteu.
Mústafa Shoqaydyng ómiri men qyzmeti turaly derekter Qazaqstanda joq ekenin, olardyng tek shetelderding múraghattarynan tabylaryn kәsibiy tarihshylar biletin-di. Alayda, solardy tabu ghana emes, týsinip-oqyp, audaru da ekining birining qolynan kele beretin sharua emes. Osy túrghydan alghanda K.Esmaghambetovting kitabyn Mústafa Shoqay turaly sheteldik derekter men zertteulerding ensiklopediyasy deuge bolady. Monografiyada Alash arysynyng Fransiyadaghy múraghatymen qatar Reseydin, Ózbekstannyn, Qazaqstannyng – barlyghy 12 múraghattyng materialdary, últ kósemining ózi tústas emigrasiyagha ketken týrki ziyalylarymen jazysqan hattary, kezdesuleri men pikir almasu derekteri jәne shet tilderdegi zertteuler paydalanylghan. Múnyng ózi últ kósemining sayasy qayratker retinde qalyptasyp, damuyn “syrt kóz” túrghysynan emes, onyng ózining ishki tolghanystary men oilary negizinde zertteuge mýmkinshilik bergen. Kitaptyng kirispesinde Shoqaydyng ómiri men qyzmetining Qazaqstanda jәne shetelderde zertteluine tolyq tarihnamalyq taldau jasalghan. Qazirgi otandyq tarihnama salasyndaghy enbekter kóbinese qazaq jәne orys tilindegi zertteulerdi taldaumen shekteletindigin eskersek, osynyng ózi jalpy Qazaqstan tarihynyng tarihnamasyna qosylghan asa qomaqty ýles ekenin moyyndaugha tiyistimiz.
Monografiyada Mústafa Shoqaydyng ómir joly, Qazaqstandaghy jәne shetelde emigrasiyada jýrgendegi sayasy qyzmeti, últtyq tәuelsizdikke qatysty iydeyalarynyng qalyptasuy men damuy keshendi týrde taldanghan. Zertteushi ghalym Alash arysy ómirining búrynghy shyqqan basylymdarda әrtýrli aitylyp jýrgen faktilerin de qarastyryp, sheteldik derekterdi salystyra otyryp, dәleldi týrde jýielegen. Avtor Mústafa Shoqaydyng memlekettik qayratker, sayasatker, ghalym retinde qalyptasu jolyn jeke kezenderge bólip, “M.Shoqay dýniyetanymynyng qalyptasuy”, “Bostandyq ýshin kýres jolynda”, “Týrkistannan Parijge”, “Últtyq qozghalystyng úiymdyq negizderin qalau”, “Últtyq qozghalystyng strategiyasy men taktikasyn aiqyndau” degen taqyryptarmen toptastyrghan.
HH ghasyrdyng birinshi shiyreginde sayasy arenagha shyqqan qazaq ziyalylarynyng kózqarasy men iydeyalyq baghyttaryn zertteudi kóptegen avtorlar olardyng Resey sosialisterine (bolishevikter men menishevikterge) qatysty pozisiyasyn kórsetumen ghana shekteytini bar. Al K.Esmaghambetov Shoqaydyng sayasy kózqarasynyng qalyptasuyn onyng basty maqsatymen – Týrkistannyng tәuelsizdigi jolynda kýresu maqsatymen baylanystyrady. Demek, Shoqaydyng uniyversiytette oqyp jýrgen kezindegi Peterburg qoghamynyng sayasy ómirine belsendi týrde enui, solshyl jәne sentristik aghymdardyng әrtýrli baghyttarynyng ókilderimen tanysuy olardyng iydeyalarynyng Týrkistannyng azattyq aluy mәselesine tiyimdilik túrghysynan iske asty. Shoqaydyng studenttik jyldarynda shet aimaqtardaghy halyqtardyng tәuelsizdigi mәselesi patsha ókimetine qarsy kýresting ayasynda jýrgizildi, sondyqtan Shoqay patsha ókimetine oppozisiyada bolghan toptarmen tanysugha tyrysty. Ol júmysshy qozghalysyna da, eserler men kadetterge de mәn berdi. Osylaysha, Shoqaydyng jas ta bolsa, sayasy qozghalystyng әrtýrli baghyttarymen tanysa kele, kadetter men eserlerge oiysuy onyng bolashaqta oily sayasatker bolatyndyghyn kórsetetinin avtor dәl tapqan.
Kenes ókimetining iydeyalaryn qabyldaudan sanaly týrde bas tartyp, shetelge ketken týrkistandyq qayratkerlerding emigrasiyadaghy sayasy qyzmeti, jalpy kenestik Shyghystyng últ tәuelsizdigi jolyndaghy kýresining әlemdik arenagha shyghuy turaly mәselening otandyq tarih ghylymynda zerttelui tym-aq kenjelep qalghany belgili. K.Esmaghambetov enbeginde atalghan mәselege airyqsha nazar audarylghan. Avtor “Jolayryghynda” dep atalghan bólimde últ tәuelsizdigi mәselesining sheshiluining songhy ýmiti bolghan Qúryltay jinalysyn kenes ókimeti quyp taratqannan keyin týrkistandyq qayratkerlerding kýres taktikasyn ózgertuge tiyisti bolghandyghyn kórsetedi. Tәuelsizdik jolyndaghy sayasy kýres tyghyryqqa tirelip, onyng esesine qaruly kýres etek aldy, onyng ózi (basmashylar qozghalysy) tym tar radikaldyq diny sipatqa ie bola bastady, sóitip kýres jolyn tandaudyng da órisi taryldy. Osynday jaghdayda Mústafa Shoqay shetelge ketti. Monografiyada Alash arysynyng sheteldegi orys demokrattarymen qatynasy da osy basty maqsat – últ tәuelsizdigi jolyndaghy kýres maqsatymen anyqtalghany kórsetilgen. Monografiyalyq zertteuding Mústafa Shoqaydyng emigrasiyadaghy ómirine arnalghan bólimderinde tek Shoqaydyng ghana emes, Europadaghy býkil týrki emigranttarynyng sayasy qyzmetine taldau jasalghan. Búl tústa Shoqaydyng oi-órisining airyqsha kendigi, ózindik iydeyalary men tabandy túghyrnamasynyng boluy nәtiyjesinde týrki emigranttary arasynda zor bedelge ie bolyp, osy ortadaghy sayasy jetekshige ainalu joly múraghat derekteri jәne Shoqaydyng óz enbekterin taldau negizinde bayandalghan. Qazaqstandyq ghylymy әdebiyette әli tolyq zerttelmegen “Týrkistan últtyq birliginin” qyzmeti kitapta jan-jaqty taldanghan.
“Shoqay – halyqaralyq sarapshy jәne tarihshy” degen bóliminde últ kósemining ghalymdyq beynesi ashylghan. Shynynda da Shoqaydyng halyqaralyq mәselelerge jazghan maqalalary onyng dýniyejýzilik soghystar aralyghyndaghy halyqaralyq qatynastardy, ondaghy iri memleketterding rólin, ózindik maqsattary men diplomatiyalyq “oyyndaryn” tereng týsinip, taldau jasaghanyn kórsetedi. Avtor Shoqay beynesining osy bir qyryn da jaqsy sipattay alghan. Búl tústa avtordyng zertteuine Shoqaydyng Parij múraghatynda saqtalyp, osydan az uaqyt búryn otanyna oralghan jazbalary men enbekteri negiz bolghan. Shoqay daryndy ghalym, biraq jan-jaghynda ne bolyp jatqanyna mәn bermeytin beysayasy “kabiynettik” ghalym emes, ol sol zertteushilik qyzmetining de tughan halqynyng azattyghy jolyndaghy kýreske ziyanyn tiygizbeuin kózdeydi. “Kórnekti týrkitanushy ghalymdarmen jәne Batys elderining zertteu ortalyqtarymen shygharmashylyq baylanystar ornatugha mýddelilik tanytqanymen, M.Shoqay ózining sayasy ústanymdaryna qayshy keletin qadamdargha barmaytyn, – dep jazady K.Esmaghambetov. – Ol orys bodandyghyndaghy músylman halyqtarynyng derbes ómir sýruge qúqylylyghyn moyyndamaytyndarmen qanday da bolsyn qarym-qatynastan ashyq týrde, eshbir kýlbiltesiz bas tartyp otyrdy”. Avtordyng Shoqaydyng enbekteri Batys elderinde senimdi derek kózi retinde sanalady degen pikiri de әbden dúrys aitylghan. Jalpy alghanda kenes ókimeti basshylarynyng Shoqaydy únatpauynyng bir úshyghy osynda jatqan tәrizdi.
Songhy jyldarda múraghattardyng búryn qúpiya bolyp kelgen kóptegen qorlarynyng ashyluy belgili qazaq ziyalylarynyng ómirin, ózara qarym-qatynasyn tolyq zertteuge mýmkinshilik berdi. Búl baghytta birqatar kózge týser zertteuler basylyp shyqty. Alayda, keybir sәtterde jeke túlghalardyng iydeyalyq qayshylyqtaryn, sayasy pozisiyasynyng aiyrmashylyghyn týsindiru ornyna jeke bas arazdyghyn taldap ketetin jaghdaylar da bar. Al Kóshim Esmaghambetovting zertteuinde Mústafa Shoqaydyng zamandastarymen qarym-qatynasy últ-azattyq qozghalysynyng strategiyasy men taktikasyn oilastyru, sol mәseledegi pikirtalas pen iydeyalyq aiyrmashylyq túrghysynan qarastyrylghan. Soghan oray avtordyng HH ghasyrdyng 20-jyldaryndaghy qazaq qayratkerlerining sayasy kýres barysynda әrtýrli iydeyalyq baghytta boluy olardyng eng basty maqsat – últ tәuelsizdigine jetu maqsatynda ortaq til tabysugha úmtylushylyghymen qatar, últtyq dәstýrli etikagha say ymyrashyldyq pen ózara syilastyqtyng ta bolghandyghyn kórsetedi.
Kitapta avtor keybir belgili túlghalardyng arasyndaghy oi-pikir almasushylyqtardy, olardyng biri-birine ózara yqpalyn da qarastyrady. Shoqay ómirining jәne azattyq qozghalysy tarihynyng faktilerin ózi zerttegen derekter boyynsha talday kelip, sonyng keybir qyrlaryn әli de zerttep, tiyanaqtay týsu qajettiligin núsqaydy. Búl jerde ghalymnyng әlemdik gumanitarlyq ghylymda qalyptasqan asa bir jaqsy dәstýrge – belgili bir iydeya tughyzyp, sonyng negizinde bolashaq zertteulerge baghyt beru dәstýrine sýiengenin bayqaymyz.
Enbekte qazaqstandyq avtorlardyng Shoqaydyng enbekterin baspagha dayyndauda jibergen qatelikterine taldau jasaghan. Avtordyng B.Sadyqova men S.Sapanovtyng kitaptaryna bergen syny әdil ekenine dau joq. Alghashqysy – zertteushilik enbek emes, qújattar jinaghy. Al qújattar jinaqtaryna qoyylatyn belgili bir talaptar (qújattardyng týpnúsqadan auytqymauy, eger týpnúsqanyng birneshe núsqasy bolsa, ony atap kórsetu, әrbir qújatqa týsinikteme beru,t.s.s.) bar. Ekinshisi, ghylymiy-zertteuler qataryna jatpaydy, óitkeni, mәtindegi faktilerding dúrys-búrystyghyn anyqtaytyn siltemeler joq. Kitaptyng sonynda berilgen “Qysqasha bibliografiya” degen tizim mýlde syn kótermeydi, al avtordyng ústanymy Kenes ókimetin jalang jamandau túrghysynan kórinip, ghylymy negizdiligine kýmәn tudyrady. B.Sadyqovanyng kitabyn jaqsy, kórkem tilmen jazylghan, kópshilikke arnalghan әdebiyet qataryna jatqyzu dúrys-au dep oilaymyn. Shynynda da songhy jyldarda Mústafa Shoqay turaly qalam tartatyndar kóbeyip ketti, olardyng keybireuleri kәsiby tarihshy da emes. Sonymen qatar, Mústafa Shoqaydyng enbekterin “erinbegennin” bәri basyp shygharuda, mәtinderde mazmúndyq jәne stilidik qateler de bar, oghan týsiniktemeler men avtorlyq ghylymy taldau da bermeydi.
“Bizding zamanymyzdyng adamyna tәn barlyq adasulardan bir úrpaqtyng ómiri barysynda tolyq arylamyz deu qiyn, mýmkin adamzat óz tarihynyng tar ólsheminen shyghyp, janasha oilaugha ie bolghansha úzaq jyldar kerek bolar”, – dep E.Fromm aitqanday elimizding tarihyndaghy asa bir kýrdeli de qayshylyqty bolghan kenes zamanyndaghy jeke túlghalardyng qazaq halqynyng azattyq qozghalysy tarihyndaghy ornyn anyqtau talay-talay dau-damay tughyzatyn da shyghar. “Adasular” tek býgingi zertteushiler ghana emes, sol túlghalardyng ózine de tәn ekendigin úmytpayyq. Demek, bolashaq zertteushilerding aldynda tarihymyzdaghy belgili jeke túlghalardyng әrqaysysynyng ómiri men qyzmetin, kózqarasy men oi-dýniyesin әsirelep, boyap, “aghartyp”, jaqsartpay da, “sýmireytip”, qaralamay da, obektivti týrde ghylymy túrghydan zertteu mindeti túr. Kóshim Esmaghambetovting “Álem tanyghan túlgha” atty kitabynda búl mindet ghylymy negizde iske asyrylghan. Monografiyada Shoqay beynesi jan-jaqty somdalghan, al avtordyng әrbir sózi derekpen dәleldengen, әrbir taraudyng sonynda siltemeler berilgen, múraghat qújattarynyng kóshirmesi men fotosuretter aqiqatty aiqynday týsken. Osynday ghylymy qúndylyghy airyqsha joghary, orasan zor kólemdegi jana derekterdi ghylymy ainalymgha qosqan monografiyanyng baghasy joghary әri qúndy ekenin aitqymyz keledi.
Gýljauhar KÓKEBAEVA, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory. Almaty.
