Jurnalistika (“la informative journalle”) degen termin o basta Fransiyadaghy burjuaziyalyq ózgeristerden keyin payda boldy. Bastapqyda qala túrghyndarynyng sanynyng kýrt ósuine baylanysty auyzeki aqparattyng taralu әdisi jyldan-jylgha tiyimsiz әri ynghaysyz bola bastady. Sondyqtan, bir japyraq qaghazda jazylghan bolsa da, resmy janalyqtardy taratu qajettiligi tudy. Sol kezden bastap qaghazdaghy aqparat tek tanymdyq qana emes әleumettik ýlken qúbylysqa ainalyp ketti. Ókinishke qaray uaqyt óte kele Europa elderinde (demokratiyalyq sipatqa qaramastan) BAQ týrli sayasy kýshterding qúraldaryna ainaldy. Demek, gazetter tek songhy janalyqtardan habardar etip qana qoymay, mәselen Parijdegi Parlamentti synaytyn nemese jaqtaytyn kózqarastardy nasihattaytyn aqparattyq sayasy qarugha sonau XIX-shy ghasyrda-aq ainalyp ýlgerdi. Ásirese, búl kórinis әueli Resey imperiyasynda, keyin KSRO-da kórinis tapty. Áriyne, Pushkinning kezinde “Sari ily glava goroda delaet  chto-to ne pravilino” degen sóilemdi gazetke jazu mýmkin emes edi. Múndaygha ólim jazasy qarastyrylghan bolatyn.

Tek Aqpan tónkerisi uaqytynda Imperiyanyng qúlauyn paydalanyp, qu jurnalister búryn sondy jazbaghan, jariyalanbaghan nemese jazghysy kelgen jýzdegen maqalalaryn endi jarysa jaryqqa shyghara bastady. Búl ýrdisti bizde Dala uәlәyaty, Qazaq gazetinde Mústafa Shoqay, Ahmet Baytúrsynúly ispettes ziyaly qauym ókilderi patriottyq ruh jәne jana Alashorda Ýkimetin jaqtap jazdy. Degenmen, Qazan tónkerisinen keyin Kenes Ýkimeti ornap, qatang senzura engizildi. Sondyqtan, alghashqy últsýigish qazaqy maqalalar KSRO-nyng ydyrau kezinde shyqty. Alghash ret Aral mәselesi, Semey poligony, Stalindik repressiyalar men asharshylyq turasyndaghy aqparat jaryq kóre bastady. Sol kezde Tәuelsiz Qazaqstannyng últtyq jurnalistikasy alghashqy qadamdaryn jasady.

Desek te, últtyq ruhty oyatatyn baspahanalardan basqa 1990 jyldary kóptegen arzanqol gazet-jurnaldar, sapasy men mazmúny tym tómen kommersiyalyq basylymdar jәne tipti destruktivti aghymdaghy sektalardyng da jasyryn jariyalymdary payda bola bastady. 2000-shy jyldardyng basynan bastap-aq bizding memleket ekonomikalyq mәselelerding birsypyrasyn sheship alyp, jana elordagha ornyghyp, әleumetke qauip tóndiretin baspahanalarmen kýres jýrgizudi de qolgha aldy. Áytse de, el arasynda “Oppozisiya” jәne «Diny aghartushylyq» atyn jamylghan últ arasyna iritki salugha baghyttalghan “jeltaya pressa” shyqty. Keyinirek ol ghalamtor betterin de jaulay jóneldi. Ýkimet búl mәseleni sheshumen kýni býginge deyin ainalysuda.

Taghy bir jauyr bolyp ketken mәselege ókinishke qaray Ýkimet az nazar audaruda. Últtyq qúndylyqtargha, imandylyqqa, qazaq tili men mәdeniyetine jәne әleumettik әdeptilikke qarsy baghyttalghan mazmúndaghy aqaparat qúraldary bar. Olar - kommersiyalyq erkindik, «posledniy krik mody» jәne zamanauy demokratiyany jaqtaushylar atymen býrkemelengen telearnalar, gazet-jurnaldar, ghalamtor-sayttar, әleumettik paraqshalar jәne tipti satylymdaghy qaghaz kitaptar. Osy mәseleni qolgha alu ýshin Ýkimet (Aqparat jәne qoghamdyq damu ministrligi, Parlament jәne Bas Prokuratura) tarapynan naqty últtyq redaksiyalyq sayasat yaghny últtyq mәdeny baqylau qajet. Búl senzura emes! Ol әleumetti sauatty әri salauatty aqparatpen qamtamasyz etuding birden-bir joly. Barlyq damyghan elde osy saryndaghy mәdeny sayasat bar jәne taghy barsha azamattyq qogham  atalmysh ýrdisterdi ózderining baqylaularynda ústap otyr. Mәselen, AQSh-ta birde-bir jurnalist Amerikanyng qara nәsildi azamatyna “Chernyi” degen sózdi qoldansa, shtattyng biyligi nemese federaldy biylikting tikeley qaulysymen sol jurnalisti qyzmetten bosatady nemese sottaydy. Izrailide Úly Otan soghysy jyldary lagerilerde mert bolghan evreyler taqyrybyna, jalpy últtyq taqyryptargha qatysty kereghar pikirdi bildirgen azamat sottalady eken. Al Germaniyada kez kelgen azamat «nasizm jaqsy» degen sóz aitsa, birneshe minuttan keyin-aq ol abaqtyda qalay otyrghanyn angharmay da qalady. Sol siyaqty, Qytayda «qytay ekonomikasynyng kemshilikteri» degen sózderding ózi Gonkongtyng ózining birneshe azamattaryn әkimshilik jauapkershilikke tartqyzdy. Búl - ómir shyndyghy! Demek, olar ózining cuvereniytetin qorghau jolynda “prava cheloveka” degen lozungty jamylghan “nasionalinyy predateliderdi” әdil jazalaydy. Osyghan oray kelesidey oy tuady. Key jaghdayda eng demokratiyalyq elderding ózderinde de keybir aqshaqúmar, aramdau  әri – barynsha júmsaq aitqanda – patriot emes jurnalistterding «sóz erkindigi» degen býrkeme úrandarynan góri Konstitusiyalyq tәrtipting saqtaluyna jәne zannyng oryndaluyna kóbirek basymdylyq beriledi. Moyyndau kerek, oppozisiya atyn jamyla otyryp, últtyq birlikke, memleketting tútastyghyna, qauipsizdigine qarsy syrtqy jәne ishki kýshterge jasyryn qyzmet etetin BAQ ókilderi Qazaqstanda da joq emes. Alayda, atalmysh problemany sheshu ýrdisi key jaghdaylarda tolyqqandy qolgha alynbay otyr.

Últtyq mýddeni qorghaudyng tek praktikasyn ghana emes, teoriyalyq negizdemesin de kýsheytu kerek dep oilaymyn. Shekarany jәne ishki tәrtipti qorghau manyzdy, al naqty MÁDENI-AQPARATTYQ IYDEYaLYQ dengeyde el jәne memlekettik mýddeni qorghau odan da manyzdy! Qazirgi aumaly-tókpeli zamanda halyqaralyq arenada Resey men AQSh-tyn, Qytay men AQSh-tyng jәne t.b. alyp elderding ekonomikalyq әri aqparattyq teketiresi bolyp jatyr. Osynday tynysh emes jaghdayda, Qazaqstangha ózining aqparattyq kenistigining shekaralaryn nyghaytu manyzdy. Ótkende «Habar» arnasynan derekti filim kórdim, ol jaqta Memlekettik shekarany demarkasiyalau 1990-shy jәne 2000-shi jyldary qanshalyqty qiyn bolghandyghy bayan etiledi. Al bolashaq memlkettik tútastyq pen últtyq birlik ýshin ózimizding aqparattyq әlemimizding kenistigin bekitip jәne aiqyndap alu qazirgi tanda odan da manyzdy. Sonda ghana, týrli sektalardyng jaghymsyz yqpaly men dәstýrli últtyq qúndylyqtargha qarsy baghyttalghan «Batys ýlgisindegi» propaganda jәne kórshi memlekettermen, tipti óz Otandastarymyzben arazdysturgha baghyttalghan aqparattar legin toqtata alar edik!

Riza Ysqaq

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