- Ádilghazy Dәuitúly, «Jeri baydyng - eli bay» deydi halqymyz. Qazaqstan jer kólemi jaghynan әlemdegi memleketter arasynda toghyzynshy oryn alatynyn qazir ekining biri biledi. Al kózden tasa jatqan jer qoynauyndaghy tabighy baylyghymyz jayly kópshilik bile bermeytini anyq. Sol turaly ne aitar ediniz?
- Súraghynyz oryndy, biraq mening mamandyghyma janama týrde ghana qatysy bar. Olay deytinim, jer qoynauynda, yaghny óziniz aitqanday kózden tasa jatqan tabighy baylyqty izdeu, ashu, olardyng qanday terendikte jatqany, ken ornynyng kólemi, pishini, jatys jaghdaylary jәne taghy da basqa ken óndiruge qatysty erekshelikteri jayly maghlúmattarmen geologtar ainalysady. Al bizder, yaghny tau injenerleri, geologtardyng әr ken orny turaly anyqtamalaryna sýienip, jer qoynauyndaghy barlanghan paydaly qazylymdar qorynyng ysyrapsyz alynuyna, tolyghyraq iygeriluine nazar audaramyz. Degenmen әr adam tek ózining mamandyghymen shektelip qalmay, mýmkindiginshe irgeles mamandyqtardyng júmys nәtiyjelerinen de habardar bolsa artyq bolmaydy ghoy.

- Ádilghazy Dәuitúly, «Jeri baydyng - eli bay» deydi halqymyz. Qazaqstan jer kólemi jaghynan әlemdegi memleketter arasynda toghyzynshy oryn alatynyn qazir ekining biri biledi. Al kózden tasa jatqan jer qoynauyndaghy tabighy baylyghymyz jayly kópshilik bile bermeytini anyq. Sol turaly ne aitar ediniz?
- Súraghynyz oryndy, biraq mening mamandyghyma janama týrde ghana qatysy bar. Olay deytinim, jer qoynauynda, yaghny óziniz aitqanday kózden tasa jatqan tabighy baylyqty izdeu, ashu, olardyng qanday terendikte jatqany, ken ornynyng kólemi, pishini, jatys jaghdaylary jәne taghy da basqa ken óndiruge qatysty erekshelikteri jayly maghlúmattarmen geologtar ainalysady. Al bizder, yaghny tau injenerleri, geologtardyng әr ken orny turaly anyqtamalaryna sýienip, jer qoynauyndaghy barlanghan paydaly qazylymdar qorynyng ysyrapsyz alynuyna, tolyghyraq iygeriluine nazar audaramyz. Degenmen әr adam tek ózining mamandyghymen shektelip qalmay, mýmkindiginshe irgeles mamandyqtardyng júmys nәtiyjelerinen de habardar bolsa artyq bolmaydy ghoy.
Qazaq jerining alyp jatqan aumaghy 2,7 mln-nan astam sharshy shaqyrym. Jer baylyghy - el baylyghy emes pe, jerimiz qanday keng bolsa, onyng qoynauy da әrtýrli asyl qazynagha sonday mol. Kópke arnalghan әdebiyet betterinde aitylyp jýrgendey D.Mendeleev kestesindegi keltirilgen himiyalyq elementterding qazirgi tanda qazaq jerinde kezdespeytinderi kemde-kem. Solardyng basym kópshiligi búl kýnde elimizdegi halyq sharuashylyghynyng kýndelikti múqtajyn qanaghattandyrady.
- Osynday aumaqty jerde shamamen qansha ken oryndary bar?
- Tarihy derekterde XX ghasyrdyng basyna deyin qazaq jerindegi ashylghan ken oryndarynyng jalpy sany 857-ge jetipti. Al geologtardyng derekterine sýiensek, ótken ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda respublika jerindegi óndiristik әrtýrli paydaly qazylym ken oryndarynyng sany eki mynnan astam eken. Múnyng birazyn ertedegi qazaq jerin mekendegen adamdar da qazyp alyp, ózderining kýndelikti qajetterine jaratqan. Oghan «chudi» dәuiri (óte ertegi zamanda) adamdarynyng ken ornyn izdestirip, jer betine shyghyp jatqan nemese oghan jaqyn ornalasqan ken oryndarynan shygharylghan paydaly qazylymdardyng óndelgen qaldyqtary men bizding zamanymyzgha jetken qazyndylary dәlel. Keybir mamandardyng pikirinshe, «chudi» dәuiri qaldyqtarynyng qazaq jerindegi kóptigi jaghynan tek Afrikadan ghana qalyp túrghan kórinemiz. Tau-ken ónerkәsibining ol kezdegi dәuirlegen jerleri, әsirese, Altay óniri men Ortalyq Qazaqstan bolsa kerek. Múnyng ózi qazaq jerindegi qazirgi kezde júmys istep túrghan tau-ken isimen baylanysty iri-iri ónerkәsipterding tez arada boy kóterip iske qosyluyna ong yqpal tiygizgeni anyq.
Ghasyrlar boyy mýlgip jatqan jer qoynauyndaghy paydaly qazbalar songhy eki ghasyrdyng ayasynda adamzattyng tirshiligine, әleumettik damuyna ýlken әserin tiygizip, bir kezdegi eleusiz qazaq elin әlemge pash ete bastady.
- Elimizding qay jerinde ken oryndary kóp kezdesedi?
- Eresen baylyghymen qiyalyndy qayran qaldyratyn Kendi Altay, Ontýstik Qazaqstan, Soltýstik Qazaqstan, Torghay, Qostanay obylystaryn maqtanyshpen ataugha bolady.
Kendi Altaydyng siyrek jәne shashyrandy elementteri ornalasqan birneshe jýzdegen mys, qorghasyn, myrysh, altyn, kýmis ken oryndary belgili. Kenes Odaghynyng túsynda «Qazaqstan - týsti metallurgiya qoymasy» degen ataqqa tegin ie bolghan joq. Óitkeni qorghasyn, myrysh, kýmisting qory jaghynan Kenes Odaghynda birinshi, mys qory boyynsha ekinshi oryn alatyn. Tek Ortalyq Qazaqstan jerining qoynauynda 1700 mys, 650 qorghasyn jәne myrysh ken oryndary men olardyng belgileri, sonday-aq Ontýstik Qazaqstanda 110, Altayda 900 týsti metaldar ken oryndary men olardyng belgileri anyqtalghan-dy.
Qazaqstan tek qana týsti metaldargha ghana bay emes, onyng baytaq qoynauynda halyq sharuashylyghynyng qay salasyna bolmasyn qajetti paydaly qazbalardyng basqa týrleri de jetkilikti. Mysaly, kómir, múnay, shymtezek, gaz, janghysh taqta tastargha óte bay. Qazaq jerining jer qoynauyndaghy kómir men temir kenining qory jaghynan búrynghy Odaq boyynsha Resey men Ukraina respublikalarynan keyin ýshinshi orynda bolatyn. Qazaqstannyng baytaq dalasyna ornalasqan janghysh qazylymdar ken oryndary men olardyng belgi bergen jerlerining sany 455-ten astam. Boljam boyynsha tek qana kómirding jalpy qory 280 mlrd tonnadan asatyn kórinedi.
Al geologtardyng derekterine qaraghanda, tek Atasu temir-marganes basseyninde qara metall ken oryndary men olardyng belgi bergen jerlerining jalpy sany 578 bolsa, onyng 401 temir, 177-si marganes metaldaryna qatysty.
Sol siyaqty bizding respublika vanadiy, hrom, niykeli, kobalit jәne basqa da metaldar ken oryndarynyng qorlary jaghynan jetekshi oryndargha ie dep aitugha bolady. Ayta berse úzaq әngime. Qazaq jerining qoynauyndaghy barlanghan tabighy baylyqtardy bir maqala kóleminde barlyghyn bayandap beru mýmkin emes, onyng qajeti de bola qoymas. Baymyz dep auyz toltyryp aita bergennen halyq bay bolmaydy. Bardyng qadirin biletin aqyl, úqypty qol, oily әreket kerek oghan. Sonda ghana baylyq ózining qasiyetti úghymyna ie bolady, tolyq qúndylyqqa ainalady.
- Jer qoynauyndaghy osynshama mol tabighy baylyq kózderining ashyluy tek qana barlau júmystaryn jýrgizip, zertteu arqyly ghylymy tәsilderge negizdelgen be, qalay?
- Áriyne, múnday mol paydaly tabighy baylyqtyng kózderin jýieli týrde ghylymy zertteu júmystaryn jýrgizip baryp ashu, ol kezde mýmkin emes edi. Olardyng birsypyrasy tek búrghylau tehnikasynyng kómeginen basqa ejelgi «chudi» dәuirinen qalghan qazyndylar izin paydalanu arqyly tabylsa, keybireuleri tang qalarlyq kezdeysoq oqighalar nәtiyjesinde ashylghany turaly anyzgha bergisiz qyzyqty derekter bar.
«Bir joq, bir joqty tabady» deydi qazaq. Sol siyaqty Ubaghan Torghay qonyr kómir basseyinining tabyluy bylay bolypty. Geolog A.Volkov boksit izdep únghyma búrghylau kezinde kezdeysoq 56 men 102 m aralyghyndaghy terendikte 0,15 metrden 1,04 metrge deyin qalyndyghy bar tórt qonyr kómir qabatyna kez bolady. Osydan bastap, búl jerde tiyanaqty barlau júmysyn jýrgizu nәtiyjesinde 16 qonyr kómir kenorny ashylady. Sóitip, olardyng jalpy qory 40 mlrd tonnagha jetedi degen boljam jasalypty.
- Ken oryndarynyng ashyluyna jergilikti últtyn, tipten qazaqtardyng da ýlesi bar emes pe?
- Keybir ken oryndardyng ashylu tarihy jergilikti qazaq sharualarynyng atymen baylanystylyghyn aita ketken jón. Mysaly, bir kezde Odaq boyynsha ýshinshi kómir oshaghy dep atalghan Qaraghandy tas kómir basseynin qoyshy Appaq Bayjanov ashqan kórinedi. Búl anyz bylay bayandalady: «Appaq Qaraghandy sayynda jer ýstine shyghyp jatqan qara tastardy jinap alyp, tas qoryqpen sýt pisirmekshi bolyp ot jaghady. Birazdan keyin qayta oralyp kelse, әlgi tastary janyp ketipti. Qyzu shoqtyng ýstine qara tasty taghy da ýiip salady. Ol da janyp ketedi. Sosyn ol qara tasty qapqa toltyryp, ýiine әkelip otyn retinde paydalanady. Keyin janghysh qara tastardy býkil auyl bolyp qazyp, otyn ornyna qoldanady. Búl auyl paydalanyp jýrgen janghysh qara tastyng habary kórshi auyldargha da jetedi. Sóitip, kómir qazushylardyng sany kóbeyedi. Ásirese, ústalar quanghan kórinedi. Óitkeni kórikte tas kómir jaqsy janady.»
Qazirgi kómir óndirudegi alyptardyng biri Ekibastúz kómir ken orny da Qasym Pishenbaevtyng atymen baylanysty degen derekter bar. Ol bylay bolghan: «Qasym elden ketip, kópes orystargha jaldanyp júmys istegen. Onyng mindeti - daladan ken izdep, tabylghan ken ornyna sol orys kópesterining attary jazylghan qaghazdy kómip belgileu. Osynday bir saparynda ol Kerekudegi (Pavlodardaghy) Derov degen kópesten shyghyp kele jatyp, jolda kezdesken sortang túzdy kólding ontýstik batysynda shyghyp jatqan kómirge kózi týsedi. Ol kezde birtalay ken týrlerin ajyrata biletin Qasym onyng tas kómir ekenin anyqtaghan. Odan song kópesten alghan belgini sol jerge kómip, ýstine óz belgisin eki bas túz qoyady. Sodan beri búl ken orny «Ekibastúz» degen atqa ie bolghan. Qasym Kerekuge qayta oralyp, dorbagha salyp alghan kómirdi Derovqa kórsetedi. Aqysyna Derov oghan qolma-qol 30 som aqsha beredi. Ózin shahta qazugha bastyq etip taghayyndaydy. Kómir qabatyna jetkennen keyin Qasymdy ol júmystan bosatyp, jer ólsheushining enbekaqysyn tólep, ken ornyn izdeuge jiberedi. Alghashqy shahta Qasym shahtasy dep atalyp ketedi.
Qasym, sonday-aq Qandyqarasu, Josaly, Shoman t.b. birneshe ken oryndaryn ashqan. Sol siyaqty, Qarasay geologiyalyq barlau tobynyng agha kollektory Mirghalym Fahrezetdinov jәne Ámirghaly Qashaughaliyev Býrgem sayynan qorghasyn kenining bay ornyn tapqan. Sol kezden bastap, búl ken ornyn «Mirghalymsay» dep ataghan.
Reti kelgende aita keteyik, Uspen kenishining ashylu tarihy bylay bolypty. 1847 jyly jazda orys kópesi Ushakovtyng ken ornyn izdeytin barlaushylarynyng biri Neldi shatqalynan bir qap mys kenin alyp keledi. Ushakov oghan bir qoydyng baghasynday kýmis aqsha beredi de, ózi mys kenin alghan jerge baryp, kóptegen or siyaqty qazyndylar men ýiindilerdi kóredi. Sóitip, búl qazyndylar erte zamandaghy adamdardyng ken óndirgen jerleri ekenine kózi jetedi. Ushakov kóp oilanbay, birden joghary oryngha Uspen ken ornyn ashqany turaly habarlaydy. Sonymen, Neldi shatqalynyng iyesi Bozdaqovtan 86 tenge kýmis aqshagha 1852 jyly Uspen ken ornyn qazyp alghansha jalgha alady.
Qazirgi Jezqazghan kenorny da bizding jyl sanauymyzdan 3000 jyl búryn qola dәuirinde belgili bolghan. Sol qola dәuirining ózinde-aq Jezqazghanda iri mys óndirisi bolghany anyqtalyp otyr. Sonyng da nәtiyjesi bolasa kerek, ejelgi «chudi» qazyndylarynyng izimen birtalay ken orny ashylghan-dy. Sol kezden qalghan mys qorytqan pesh, paydaly qazylymdar úsaqtary, tas qayla, tas balta jәne taghy da basqa óndiris qúraldarynyng qaldyqtary bizding zamanymyzgha deyin saqtalghan.
Orys kópesteri syilyq jasap, jergilikti qazaqtardy ken ornyn izdeuge júmyldyryp paydaly qazylymdar kózin ashuda birtalay tabysqa jetkenin ashyp aitqan jón. Kóne qazyndylary bar jerlerdi jaqsy biletin jergilikti qazaqtardyng kómegimen mys, qorghasyn jәne kýmis ken oryndary Berqara, Qyzyl-espe, Bes-shoqy, Belozerskoe jәne t.b. ashyldy.
1847 jyly N.Ushakov joghary oryndargha qola dәuirining qazyndylar izimen belgili bolghanymen, ol taghy alty mys ken oryndaryn ashtym dep habarlaydy. Olar: Pokrovskoe qazirgi «Pokro», Krestovozdviyjenskoe - «Kresto», Petropavlovskoe - «Petro», Zlatousovskoe, Nikoliskoe jәne Spaskoe. Búl jerlerding bәrin ol jer iyesi Shiyaq Toqsybergenovten 400 tengege satyp alady.
Qazaq dalasynyng shyghys jaq bóliginen kópes Papov 35-ke tayau ken orny ashylghandyghy jóninde joghary oryndargha habarlaghan. Olardyng kópshiligi erte zamandaghy qorghasyn, mys jәne kýmis óndirgen qazyndylardyng izi arqyly tabylghan. Áriyne búl - jer qoynauyn iygeruding sabaqtastyghynyng nәtiyjesi.

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Qostanay oblysyndaghy óte bay iri Sokolov-Sarybay temir ken ornynyng ashyluyna týrtki bolghan geolog emes, basqa mamandyq iyesi-Oral aeroflotynyng úshqyshy - M.Surgutanov. Ol júmys jaghdayymen Nikolaevqa poselkasynda túrghan Ayat ekspedisiyasynyng Qostanaydaghy Oral geologiya basqarmasyna ózining «PO-2» úshaghymen jiyi-jii úshyp baryp túrghan.
Biluge yntyzary mol, daryndy M.Surgutanov geologtarmen aralasyp, qarym-qatynasta jýrip magnittik auytqushylyqtyng neden bolatynyn estip qanyqqan. Birde 1949 jyly kókti búlt basqan, kýn búlynghyr bolatyn. Aua rayynyng qolaysyzdyghyna baylanysty oghan ózining úshaghymen joghary kóterilmey jer bauyrlap úshuyna tura keledi. Sondyqtan da ol jiyi-jii úshaq aspaptaryna qarap úshu baghytyn qadaghalap otyrady. Bir mezgilde Sarybay kólining janyndaghy shatqaldan óte bergende kenetten kompastyng magnittik tili ózin qalypty jaghdaydaghyday emes, qalay bolsa solay baghytyn ózgertip sezik tudyrady. Osy saparynan qaytyp kele jatyp, taghy da әlgi jerge kelgende, kompastyng magnittik tili búrynghyday baghytty dúrys kórsetpey, yryqtan shyghyp ketkeni bayqalady. Osyny anyqtau ýshin M.Surgutanov janaghy jerding ýstinen olay-bylay әldeneshe ret úshyp ótip, búl arada birdenening baryna ózining senimin arttyra týsedi. Ol osy sapardan kele sala ózining joramalyn geologtargha habarlaydy. Geologtar M.Surgutanovtyng aitqanyna den qoyyp tyndap, onymen birge әlgi jerge kelip, arly-berli úshyp, kompastyng magnittik tilining qozghalys tәrtibine qarap, búl jerde temir kenining ýlken shoghyrynyng jer betine jaqyn jatqandyghynan degen qorytyndygha keledi. Osy joramaldy 1949 jyly Torghay geofizikalyq ekspedisiyanyng adamdary rastaydy. M.Surgutanovqa geologtardyng bir tobymen qosa, óte bay magnitti temir ken ornyn barlap ashqandary ýshin Lenindik syilyq beriledi.
- Elimiz egemendik alghangha deyingi kezenderde ken óndiru qarqyny qanday dengeyde boldy?
- Akademik Q. Sәtbaevtyng aituyna qaraghanda, erte zamanda Uspen kenishinen mólshermen 200 myng tonna ken óndirip, odan 20 myng tonna mys alghan eken.
1955-1883 jyldar aralyghynda Spask kenishinen 242855 pút, al Voskresensk kenishinen 26587 pút mys kenderi óndirilgen kórinedi. Qazirgi kezde belgili bolghanday Jezqazghan tipti qola dәuirinde iri mys kenin óndiru orny bolghan eken. Oghan milliongha tarta tonna bay mys kenderin qazyp jәne óndirilgen júmystardyng qaldyqtary men izderi dәlel.
Qazaq jerinde ken óndiru júmysy boljam boyynsha osydan tórt myng jylday búryn bastalghany mәlim. Ken izdeushiler men ony qazushylar qola dәuirining adamdary bolsa kerek. Altay men Qalba manynda ken óndiru tarihyn kóp jylday zertteumen ainalysqan geolog S.Chernikovtyng esebi boyynsha Altayda ken óndiru júmysy jýrgizilip, qola dәuirinde 500 jyl boyy ortasha jyldyq qola ónimi 5 tonnagha deyin jetipti. Ol dәuirde múnday kólemde metall óndiru tanqalarlyqtay jaghday. Odan jergilikti adamdar nayza, pyshaq, qayla, jebening úshyn, semser t.b. qúraldar jasap, paydalanghan. Sonymen, qola dәuirinde Qazaqstannyng shyghys bóligi aitarlyqtay iri óndiris audanyna ainalghan. Qoladan jasalghan әrtýrli búiymdar tipti Europanyng batysyna deyin jetkizilgen. Sol siyaqty ken óndiru júmystarynyng izderi Qazaqstannyng basqa jerlerinde de jýrgizilgendigin dәleldeydi.
«Chudi» dәuirinen keyin Qazaqstan jer qoynauynyng tabighy baylyqtaryn óndiru belgisiz sebeptermen tau-ken isi úzaq uaqytqa deyin toqyraugha úshyraydy. Tek on segizinshi ghasyrdan bastap, ken óndiru isi qaytadan beleng alady. Búl orys imperiyasynyng qazaq jerin otarlau sayasatyna baylanysty edi. Búrynghy kóne zamandaghy ken óndirilgen jerlerding izimen jәne jergilikti halyqtardyng kómegimen orys kópesteri kóptegen mys, qorghasyn jәne týsti metaldar men qosa basqa da paydaly qazylymdar ken oryndaryn tauyp, Qazaqstan jerinen ken óndiru júmystary qaytadan qanat jaydy.
Patsha ókimeti tarapynan qazaq jerine kóptegen ekspedisiyalar úiymdastyrylady. Olardyng júmys qorytyndylary nәtiyjesinde qazaq jerining paydaly qazylymdargha tanqalarlyqtay bay ekeni anyqtaldy. Múny estigen ónerkәsipshiler bay maqsatymen qazaq dalasyna barugha ansarlary audy. Sóitip, qazaq jerinde ken óndiru isining ekinshi kezeni bastaldy. Orys kópesteri jergilikti halyqtarmen ózderine paydaly sauda jýrgizuimen qatar, qazaqtardy ken ornyn ashugha da útymdy paydalanady. Al ken orny bar jerlerdi olardan arzan baghagha satyp alyp, tiyimsiz bola bastaghan kezderde ekinshi bireuge satyp ketip otyrghan.
Qazaqstannyng basqa jerindegidey Altayda da ken óndiru júmysy qaraqshylyq tәsilmen jýrgizilip, ken oryndardyng eng bay sapaly jerlerin ghana qazyp alatyn bolghan. Orys kópesteri arzan júmys qolyn paydalanyp, altyn, kýmis jәne qorghasyn men mys óndiru arqyly adam aitqysyz mol paydagha keneledi. 1747-1908 jyldar aralyghynda Altay ken okrugi 2,5 myng tonna altyndanghan kýmis, 115 myng tonna qorghasyn jәne 18 myng tonna mys alypty. Keyinnen altyndanghan kýmisten 30-35 pút altyn aiyrghan. Sonymen, Kendi Altaydan óndirilgen kýmis Reseydegi qorytylatyn barlyq kýmisting 75 payyzyn qúraghan eken.
Kezinde 1857 Qarqaraly okrugine qarasty Voznesensk mys kenishinen 6-7 metr terendikten taza (99 %) ýsh kesek tabighy mys tabylghan. Bireuining salmaghy - 52,5, ekinshisining - 49, ýshinshisining - 39,5 pút bolypty. Revolusiyagha deyingi Qazaqstan jayly bilgir E.Bekmúhametovtyng aituynsha, eng auyryn 1858 jyly aghayyndy Popovtar Resey imperatoryna syigha tartqan eken. Qazirgi tanda ol (Resey imperatoryna syigha tartqan ýshinshi taza tabighy mys kesek) Sankt-Peterburgtaghy tau-ken institutynyng múrajayynda saqtauly. Qalghan ekeuin sol jyly Parijdegi dýniyejýzilik kórmesine jiberipti.
Osy qyruar paydaly qazylymdar baylyghy óz aldyna, al olardyng bir-birine jaqyn shoghyrlana ornalasuynyng da aiyryqsha manyzy zor. Keybir shiykizattardy alysqa tasymay, jol shyghynyn azaytyp tiyimdi paydalanugha mýmkindik beredi. Aytalyq, jerining aumaghy 800 myng sharshy shaqyrymgha tayau Ortalyq Qazaqstandaghy mys óndiretin alyp Jezqazghan, Qonyrat, temir ken oryndary - Atasu men Qarsaqpay, marganes ken oryndary - Atasu men Jezdi, ataqty Qaraghandy kómir basseynine jaqyn ornalasqan. Sonymen qatar jer betining jazyqtyghy, aua rayynyng qolaylyghy, ashyq kýnderding moldylyghy, qúrghaqtyghy, ken denelerining jer betine jaqyn ornalasuy jәne taghy basqa da kóptegen ontayly jaghdaylardyng jiyntyghy ken óndiru júmysynyng qarqyndauyna, onyng ózindik qúnynyng tómen boluyna jәne ken qazu júmysyn ashyq tәsilmen jýrgizuge ong yqpal jasady.
- Al endi múnay men basqa da ken oryndary turaly ne aitasyz?
- Búdan myng jyldan astam uaqytta múnay adam balasyna jaryq beru men em ýshin ghana qoldanylghan kórinedi. Qazir múnay jәne odan óndirilgen zattar halyq sharuashylyghynyng barlyq salasynda onyng san aluan týrli múqtajyn óteu ýshin paydalanylady.
Bir tonna múnay 1,3 tonna antrasitty, 3 tonna qonyr kómirdi, 33 tonna shymtezekti jәne 7 tonna janghysh tasty almastyrady eken.
Songhy uaqytqa deyin Qazaqstan múnay óndiru salasynda eleusiz bolyp kelse, Jetibay men Ontýstik Manghyshlaqtaghy Ózen, Kenqiyaq, Prorvy, Boranqúl jәne basqa da iri Kaspiy oipatynyng Ontýstik shyghysynda ken oryndarynyng ashyluyna baylanysty búrynghy Odaq boyynsha ýshinshi oryngha ie boldy.
1967 jyldyng basyna deyin qazaq jerinde 41 múnay ken orny bar ekeni anyqtaldy.
Ýlken múnaydy izdestiruding bastamasy 1959 jyldan bastaldy delinedi. Osy baghytta kóp enbek etip, ter tókken kórnekti geologtardyng ýlken múnaydy ashyp iygerudegi qosqan ýlesteri orasan zor. Solardyng qataryndaghy J.Dosmúhambetov, B.Diyakov, Sh.Esenov, E.Ivanov, N.Imashev, N.Kaliniyn, X.Mahambetov, V.Matveev, V.Tokarev, N.Cherepanov, H.Ózbekghaliyev 1966 jyly Lenindik syilyqqa ie boldy.
Kópshilik zertteushiler qara metaldar qataryna temir, marganes, vanadiy, hrom, niykeli jәne kobalit kenderin jatqyzady.
Qazaq jerinde búl kezde 30-dan astam temir ken orny barlanyp, onyng jalpy qory shamamen 77,8 mlrd tonna dep eseptelgen-di. Jonghar Alatau jәne Ortalyq Qazaqstanda kóne zamanda temir óndirilgen qazyndylardyng izderi de osy kýnge deyin saqtalghan.
Qazaqstan búrynghy Odaq boyynsha Resey men Ukrainadan keyin ýshinshi oryn alatyn.
Bir kezde Ortalyq Qazaqstandaghy temir kenining qory jaghynan Beligiya, Italiya, Norvegiya, Portugaliya jәne Shvesiyanyng qorlaryn qosa eseptegenge teng dep sanalghan-dy.
Kezinde Respublikada 15 marganes ken orny belgili bolghan. Olardyng bolashaq qory 180 mln tonna dep eseptelingen-di. Marganesting bolatqa qosyndysy oghan tútqyrlyq, beriktik jәne sozylymdylyq qasiyet beredi. Sondyqtan da ol qara jәne týsti metallurgiya salalarynda keninen qoldanylady.
Vanadiy shashyrandy elementter qataryna jatady. Qazan tónkerisine deyin Qazaqstanda vanadiy ken orny mýlde belgili bolmaghan. Qazirgi uaqytta bizding respublika vanadiyding qory jaghynan dýniyejýzinde aldynghy orynda.
Hrom qosyndysy bolattyng tútqyrlyghyn arttyryp, beriktigin kýsheytip metaldyng mýjiluge qarsylyq etu qasiyetin arttyra týsedi. Bir kezde Qazaqstan jerinde hromit ken oryndary belgisiz bolsa, búl kýnde ózining qory jaghynan dýniyejýzi boyynsha jetekshi oryngha iye. Tek qana Dóng tobyndaghy ken oryndarynyng qory Ontýstik Afrika Odaghy, Týrkiya, Gresiya jәne basqa elderding qorlaryn qosa eseptegendegi mólsherden anaghúrlym kóp dep sanalghan.
Niykeli men kobalit әdette tabighatta birge kezdesedi eken. Eger niykeliding barlanghan qory jaghynan búrynghy Kenes Odaghy dýniyejýzinde birinshi oryn alghan bolsa, Qazaqstan Kenes Odaghy boyynsha ekinshi oryn alatyn.
Qazaqstanda 37 niykeli men kobalit ken oryndary belgili. Solardyng barlyghy da iygeruge bolatyn jәne iygeruge dayyn ken oryndar. Olar Aqtóbe men Qostanay oblystarynda ornalasqan.
Mine, qazaq halqynyng ýlesine tiygen qyruar tabighy baylyqty tókpey-shashpay, óz múqtajy men bolashaq úrpaqtar iygiligine dúrys paydalanudyng qamyn oilau - býgingi úrpaq pen keler úrpaqtardyng ar-ojdanyna baylanysty mәsele.
- Elbasynyng Joldauynda el baylyghyn tiyimdi paydalanu mәselesi de aitylyp jýr. Búl bizding bolashaghymyzdyng negizi emes pe?
- Álbette. Qazaqstan toqsanynshy jyldardyng basynda egemendi el boldy. Endi jerining baylyghyn ózimiz basqaryp, qalauynsha paydalanyp halyq iygiligine júmsaugha qoly jetti. Tipti býgingining ghana emes, bolashaq úrpaqtyng da qamyn oilaugha erkindik tudy. Osy uaqyttan bastap, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng jer qoynauyndaghy paydaly qazylymdargha qamqorlyqpen qarap, ýnemdep paydalanudyng kezeni bastaldy. Búghan Preziydentimiz N. Nazarbaev airyqsha mәn berip otyruy kóregendik sayasaty dep bilgen jón. Qazirgi kýnde elimizding birsypyra ken oryndary sheteldikterding uaqytsha basqaruyna berildi.Olar elimizding damuyna ózindik ýlesterin qosuda. Tek jer qoynauyndaghy paydaly qazylymdar halyq mýddesine say qamqorlyqpen qazylyp alynyp jatsa, elimiz ýshin ýlken payda.

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