(Esse)

Saytannyng jolyna týspender,

Ol senderding - naghyz jaularyn.

Qúran-Kәrim. Baqara sýresi..

Orys jazushylarynyng ishinde saytan taqyrybyna alghash ret Gogoli qatty nazar audardy. Adamzat balasynyng kózdi ashyp júmghansha ibiliske  ainalyp ketui yqtimal ekenin túnghysh bayqaghan suretker - óz shygharmalarynda búl taqyryptyng astaryna terenirek ýnilip, jan-jaqty zerttep, osy júmbaqtyng qúpiyasyn barlyq qyrynan ashugha tyrysty.  Shevyrevqa jazghan bir hatynda Gogoli  "saytandy aqymaq qylyp shygharu -  býkil shygharmashylyghynyng mәni  men ómirlik maqsaty bolyp tabylatynyn"[1] moyyndapty.  Júrttyng bәri Qúdaydyng qaharyna ilikken qúbyjyqpen til tabysugha tyrysyp  jatqan ólara mezgilde,  Gogoli imanyn ýiirip, shart týiinip, onymen aiqasqa týsti.

Gogoli men saytannyng kýresi, orys anyzyndaghy batyr Ivannyng mәngi ólmeytin Kosheymen shayqasyn eske týsiredi. Qauipti, әri qorqynyshty bolsa da, jazushy búl taqyrypqa bir emes, birneshe ret bardy.  Qúdaydan da qoryqpaytyn naghyz  súmyraydy әshkerelegisi kelgen suretker jan tynyshtyghynan aiyrylyp, baqytsyzdyqqa úshyrady.

(Esse)

Saytannyng jolyna týspender,

Ol senderding - naghyz jaularyn.

Qúran-Kәrim. Baqara sýresi..

Orys jazushylarynyng ishinde saytan taqyrybyna alghash ret Gogoli qatty nazar audardy. Adamzat balasynyng kózdi ashyp júmghansha ibiliske  ainalyp ketui yqtimal ekenin túnghysh bayqaghan suretker - óz shygharmalarynda búl taqyryptyng astaryna terenirek ýnilip, jan-jaqty zerttep, osy júmbaqtyng qúpiyasyn barlyq qyrynan ashugha tyrysty.  Shevyrevqa jazghan bir hatynda Gogoli  "saytandy aqymaq qylyp shygharu -  býkil shygharmashylyghynyng mәni  men ómirlik maqsaty bolyp tabylatynyn"[1] moyyndapty.  Júrttyng bәri Qúdaydyng qaharyna ilikken qúbyjyqpen til tabysugha tyrysyp  jatqan ólara mezgilde,  Gogoli imanyn ýiirip, shart týiinip, onymen aiqasqa týsti.

Gogoli men saytannyng kýresi, orys anyzyndaghy batyr Ivannyng mәngi ólmeytin Kosheymen shayqasyn eske týsiredi. Qauipti, әri qorqynyshty bolsa da, jazushy búl taqyrypqa bir emes, birneshe ret bardy.  Qúdaydan da qoryqpaytyn naghyz  súmyraydy әshkerelegisi kelgen suretker jan tynyshtyghynan aiyrylyp, baqytsyzdyqqa úshyrady.

Jekelegen pendelerding ghana emes, ibilisting qylbúrauy moynyna ilingen song ar-úyattan bezgen,  imannan aiyrylghan býkil qogham onyng eteginen ústap, aitqanyna kónip, aidaghanyna erip, jeteginde ketip bara jatqanyn - orys әdebiyetinde túnghysh sezingen jazushy Gogoli boldy. Jýregine qadalghan bir kesek múz erip ketkende, qar hanshayymynyng patshalyghynda jýrgenin týsinip, shoshyp oyanghan Gans Hristian Andersen ertegisining keyipkeri Kay sekildi, yzgharly qoghamnyng saytany bolmysynyng syqpytyn tanyghan Gogoliding túla boyy týrshigip, jan-dýniyesi múzdap qoya berdi. Tym jaqyndap baryp, onyng jýzine ýnilgen Gogoliding sanasyn ýrey biyledi.

Masqara! Qúbyjyq kórip shoshyp jýrgen saytanymyz, býkil adamzat balasy sekildi  tipti, ózimizden aumaytyn pende bolyp shyqty.

Qaytpek kerek? Sanasyn saytan jaulap alghan qoghamda búl azaptan qútyludyng eki-aq joly bar-túghyn. Ibilisting aitqanyna kónesing nemese onyn  qúryghynan qútylu ýshin ólesin. Gogoli búl eki joldan bas tartyp, halyqtyng sanasyn ulap jýrgen hayuanmen kýresuge bel budy. Azghyndyqqa salynghan pәleketting tabighatyn zerttegen Gogoli búryn-sondy eshkim bayqamaghan qorqynyshty janalyqty ashty.

Súmdyq-ay! Jer betinde eki dýniyening dәnekershisi bolyp Qúday da,  Payghambar da emes, aspannan týsken tórt kiyeli kitaptaghy qaghidalardy qate týsingen, adam keypine engen  saytan jýr. Saytan! Adamnyng bәrimen til tabysyp alghan múnday auyr jaghdayda ibilisting berik qamalyn búzu mýmkin emes edi.   Adamdyq sanany jaulap alghan ol  endi birte-birte Qúdaylyq sanagha jol izdey bastapty. Eng qorqynyshtysy súmpayy jeksúrynnyng azghyruymen istelinetin zúlymdyqtardyng bәri de biz oilap jýrgen ýlken dýniyelerde emes, ózimiz kýnde jasap jýrgen, kózge kórinbeytin kishkentay ghana pendeshilik qylmysta jatady eken. Kishkentay pendeshiliging ýshin biylikke satylu; lauazymy joghary sheneunikterge jaghynu; ar-úyatty úmytu; ótirik aitu.. siyaqty ibilis  belgilep bergen shenberdegi zandylyqtardyng bәri de -  "adami" tirshiliktegi ómir sýruding qalypty jaghdayyna ainalypty. Boyy da, oiy da qortyq qúbyjyq jer betinde jýrgen pendelerding júdyryqtay  jýregine úyalap, óz ornyn tauyp ýlgiripti. Saytannyng kómegi arqasynda kishkentay pendeler biyliktegi ýlken oryndargha nyq senimmen jayghasyp alypty. Patshalyq taqqa da qoly jetken song sanasynda sәulesi joq, kishkentay pendeler ýshin  de ýlken ónerge danghyl jol ashylypty.

Jazushynyng "Viy" әngimesindegi filosof Homa Brut pen  saytannyng arasyndaghy azapty arpalys - azghyndyqtyng jolyna týsken qoghamgha qarsy shyqqan, Gogoliding jan-dýniyesindegi mazasyzdyqqa kóbirek úqsaydy. Shirkeuding ishine kirip alyp, oinaq salghan jyn-perilerden  qalay qútylaryn bilmegen filosof Homa Brut sekildi, Gogoli ómirining aqyry da  ýrey qúshaghynda ótti. Keyin tarihta   jazushynyng "Viy"  әngimesining keyipkeri, halyqty qan jylatqan saytan Leniyn, saytan Staliyn.. beynesinde qaytalandy. Áli kýnge deyin qogham, ólgenshe taghyn tastaghysy kelmeytin ibilisting qorlauy men býkil mazaghyna kónip otyr. Ghasyrlar boyy ol adamzat balasynyng sanasyn ulap, jan dýniyesin temir torgha qamap, uysynan shygharmay ústap keledi.  Milliondaghan adamnyng ózen bolyp aqqan qany men kóz jasy da  saytannyng aiyzyn qandyrar emes.  Eger de Resey halqy Gogoliding shygharmalarynan taghylym alsa, tarih donghalaghy basqasha jýrip,  bәlkim keyingi ghasyrdaghy taghdyry ózgeshe bolar ma edi?  Kim bilsin?  Biraq sana-sezimin saytan iyektegen orys halqy Gogoliding auzymen aitylghan, alghashqy ashy shyndyqty moyyndaghysy kelgen joq.

Sondyqtan da, zamannyng qayda bet alyp bara jatqan baghytynyng ashy shyndyghyn surettegen  Gogolidin  "Óli jandary" men "Revizory" orys qoghamynyng ýlken narazylyghyn tughyzdy. Óitkeni ibilisting shylauyna shyrmalghan qoghamda naghyz suretshining emes, ýlken ónerding atynan sóileuge mýmkinshilik alghan, kishkentay adamdardyng dәureni jýrip túrady. Tobyrlyq dengeyge týsip ketken, sol zamandaghy qoghamnyng betke ústar ziyaly qauymy "Óli jandardy" jazghany ýshin Gogolidi týtip jep qoya jazdady. Osy uaqytqa sheyin tobyrdyng arasynan anda-sanda estilgen saytannyng kýbir-sybyry, endi aiqaygha úlasty.  Gogoli shynymen qorqa bastady. Jeksúrynnyng aiqayy kýn ótken sayyn neghúrlym ashyraq shyqty. Gogoli ibiliske qatty qauip tughyzghandyqtan,  jazushyny óltiruden basqa onyng amaly qalmady.    Sanasyna saytan úyalaghanyn sezbey qalghan pendeler, onyng ynghayyna jyghylyp, endi jazushyny óltiruge shyndap kiristi.

"Gogoligha jazugha tiym saldyrtu kerek, óitkeni onyng shygharmalarynan Lavrushka qyzmetshining sasyq iyisi shyghady" - depti, Vladimir Panaev degen bir synshy.

"Men súlulyqty sýiemin, al, siz somdaghan soraqy kartinalar  jiyirkenish sezimin tughyzady" - dep, kósemsipti, Senkovskiy degen  ekinshisi.

Gogoliding "Óli jandaryndaghy" qorqynyshty tragediyany shynayy  týsingen jәne ondaghy kórsetilgen shyndyqty moyyndaghan bir-aq adam boldy. Ol - Pushkin edi. Áli siyasy keuip ýlgirmegen "Óli jandar"  poemasyn jazushy eng aldymen  Pushkinge oqyp bergende, úly aqynnyng jýzi týnerip ketipti.

- Qúdayym-ay! Shyndyghynda  da biz osynday sorly halyq pa edik? - dep, úzaq uaqyt boyy Pushkin ózine-ózi kele almay qapalanypty.     Nege ekenin bilmeymin, maghan ylghy da Pushkinning myna bir óleni men Gogoliding "Óli jandarynyn" arasynda mәngi airylmaytyn ruhany baylanys bar sekildi bolyp  kórinedi de túrady:

- Molchi, bessmyslennyy narod.

Podenshik rab nujdy zabot.

Nesnosen mne tvoy ropot derzkiy.

Ty chervi zemli, ne syn nebes.

Alayda tobyrlyq dengeyge tómendegen  "Ruskiy vestniyk", "Severnaya pchela" syndy sol uaqyttaghy  «bedeli zor» әdeby basylymdardaghy synshylar shygharmany týsinudi bylay qoyghanda,  Gogoliding "Óli jandaryna" qarghys jaudyrdy. Bir sózben aitqanda, ózining shynayy bolmysyn kóruden qorqyp, ashy dauysy shyqqan qúbyjyq qogham jazushydan teris ainaldy. Jo, jo, joq, kerisinshe Gogoli saytangha ainalghan qoghamgha laghynet aitty. Pәtshaghardyng dauysynyng búlaysha ashy shyghuynyng ýlken sebebi bar edi. Dýnie jaratylghannan beri әlemge әmirin jýrgizip kelgen qanisherge tarihta túnghysh ret Gogoli oisyrata soqqy berdi.  Búl tym erkinsip ketken saytandy әshkerelegen, әdebiyet maydanyndaghy adamzat balasynyng alghashqy jenisi edi. Dәl sol uaqytta múny týsinuge qoghamnyng sanasy әli pisilip jetilgen joq edi.  Gogoliding búl jenisi keyinnen onyng ólimine sebepshi boldy...

HHH

Orys әdebiyetining tarihyn qaytalap  oqyghan sayyn, HIH ghasyrda ómir sýrgen orystyng aqyn-jazushylarynyng ishinde bәrinen búryn  Gogoliding ayanyshty taghdyry mening jan-dýniyemdi qatty kýizeltedi. Áriyne, qyrshyn ketken Pushkin men Lermontov taghdyrlary  da jan-dýniyenizdi qayghy tenizine batyratyny ras. Degenmen osy eki úly aqyn, sol duelige barmay-aq, boylaryna Qúday darytqan talanttaryn sonyna deyin sarqa paydalansa, orys әdebiyeti býgingi kóterilgen biyiginen de tym alysqa shyrqap keter me edi dep oilaysyn. Shirkin-ay, sol uaqytta osy eki úly aqynnyng taghdyryn basqasha sheshuge dәnekershi bola alatyn tiri jan qalay tabylmady dep keyde jýreging qan jylaydy. Men orys halqynyn  batyrlyq turaly  múnday úghymyn qabylday almaymyn.

Qalay desek te Pushkin men Lermontovtyn  taghdyrlary óz qoldarynda boldy. Gogoliding taghdyryn - qogham sheshti. Bayqasanyz, orys halqy Pushkin men Lermontovtyng ólimin asqaqtata jyrlaumen keledi. Tipti, triumfqa ainaldyryp jiberdi. Orystyng kez-kelgen әdebiyettanushysy Pushkin men Lermontovtyng qazasyn jyr qylyp aityp beruge әzir. Gogoliding ólimi turaly júmghan auyzdaryn ashqysy kelmeydi. Sebebi, Pushkin men Lermonovtyng ólimi - orys ruhynyng biyiktiginin, al Gogoliding ólimi- orys ruhynyng tómendiginin, tipti, ruhsyzdyghynyng kórinisi. Gogoliding shyndyghy - orys qoghamy ýshin әli kýnge sheyin qorqynyshty.

Saytanmen auyz jalasqan orys ruhsyzdyghynyng kórinisi әsirese,  Gogoliding "Óli jandary" men "Revizorynda" barlyq qyrynan ashyldy. Gogoliding tyrnaqaldy tuyndylaryndaghy surettelgen shyn saytandar, azyp-tozghan qoghamdaghy adamnyng saytanynyng qasynda týk emes eken. Zamannyng ózi tughyzghan saytandary Chichikov pen Hlestakov qoghamnyng nadandyghyn jeke basynyng esebi ýshin keremet paydalana biledi.  Olar ýshin  ótirik aitu, bireuding esebin jeu, ar-úyattan bezu - tirshilik ýshin kýresudin  belgisi. Olar ghana emes, býkil halyq  osy ústanymdardy ómir sýruining negizgi tiregi etip, saytan soqqan tas qamaldaryna bekinip alypty.

Saytannyng myn-million ret  qúbyla alatyndyghy, әsirese Gogoliding "Revizorynda" boyauy qanyq, aishyghy anyq etip suretteledi. Hlestakovtyng ótirik aitu sheberligining qasynda tipti, keybir shyn saytandarynnyng ózi  jip ese almaydy. Biylikke jaghynu ýshin ótirik aitudyng dertine shaldyqqan  qoghamdy jónge salu Qúdaydyng iyeliginen de ketip qalypty. Eng soraqysy qogham ózining aityp otyrghan ótirigine jan-tәnimen  shyn sene bastapty. Hlestakovtyng ótirikti sonshama sheber oilastyra biletindigi sizdi esh tang qaldyrmaydy. Sebebi býkil qogham osy ótirikting arqasynda kýnin kórip otyr. Ótirik tanym. Ótirik morali. Ótirik ómir. Ótirik sayasat..

Gogoli «Revizor» shygharmasy arqyly qoghamnyng ótirik bolmysyn әshkereledi. Aqiqatynda  kórermendi qyran topan kýlkige batyratyn Hlestakovtyng ótirigi - qoghamnyng shyndyghy.  Saytannyng túzaghyna ilingen  qogham oidan shygharylghan ótirigine kәmil senedi. «Revizorda» ýlgi alugha túratyn, ótirik aitpaytyn birde-bir keyipker joq.

Ótirik  - tirshilik ýshin kýresuding jalghyz jolyna ainalghan. Patsha -ministrlerine, ministrler -qaramaghyndaghy sheneunikterge, sheneunikter -  qarapayym halyqqa ótirik aityp -býkil qogham ótirikting batpaghyna batyp barady. Eng qorqynyshtysy qoghamnyng ózi de sol oilap shygharghan ótirigine imanday senedi.

Hlestakov oidan shygharghan 100 % payyz ótirigine qaramaghyndaghylardy ghana ilandyryp qoymay, ózi de oghan 200 %  senedi. Hlestakovtyng aityp otyrghandarynyng bәri  shyn mәnisinde qoghamda bolyp jatqan, júrttyng eti ýirenip ketken - qalypty  qúbylys. Ótirikpen sanasy ulanghan halyqty týzu jolgha salu da mýmkin bolmay barady. Óitkeni ótirik aitu ómir sýruding moralyna, kerek bolsa tipti, basty qaghidasyna ainalghan.

Qolynnan kelse patshany ótirik maqtap, kózine týsip lauazymy joghary qyzmetke qol jetkiz. Ol ýshin tipti, patshanyng kóniline mayday jaghatyn búryn-sondy bolmaghan ótirikti oilap tapsang -  tipti keremet.  Qolynnan kelse ótirik kólgirsip, biylikke jaqsy kórinip, jaghdayyndy jaqsartyp al. Biylikting tapsyrmasyn eki etpey oryndap, әr uaqyttyng óz moralii bolatyny turaly ótirikpen jýregindi júbatyp,  ar-úyatyndy saudalaudan da úyalma.  Qolynnan kelse ózindi ótirik maqtatqyzyp, halyqtyng abyzy bolyp kóringin. Qolynnan kelse, ótirikting qúdiretti kýshin paydalanyp, ataq-abyroy alghyn. Qolynnan kelse, ótirik aityp, qonyshynnan bas. Qolynnan kelse....

Shyndyq she? Joq aita kórmeniz. Shyndyqty aitsang bәrinen qaghylasyn. Shyndyq - úshpaqqa jetkizbeydi. Shyndyqty - patsha da, biylik te, qara tobyr da, tipti osy sózdi jazyp otyrghan myna sen  de  jek kóresin. Shyndyqty aitsang bәri senen at-tonyn ala-qashady. Saytan saltanat qúrghan qoghamda shyndyqqa oryn joq. Saytan saltanat qúrghan uaqyttyng patshasy - ótirik, ótirik, taghy da ótirik. Neghúrlym ótirikti kóp aitqan sayyn soghúrlym bedeling óse týsedi. Neghúrlym ótirikti kóp aitqan sayyn júrttyng sýikimdisine ainalasyn.  Ataq-danq, qyzmet.. bәri-bәri tek ótirikting arqasynda keletin, qol jetkizuge bolatyn qoghamnyng iygiligi. Tipti ólgen song da sen  turaly qoghamdaghy qalyptasqan ótirikting arqasynda ataghyng dýrildep jatady.  Endeshe paydasyz, ashy shyndyqtan góri, dәmin tatqan sayyn, janyna jagha týsetin tәtti ótirik artyq emes pe?

Ótirik bolmysyn moyyndaghysy kelmegen orys qoghamy - jazushynyng "Revizor" shygharmasynyng tónireginde týrli dau-damaylar úiymdastyrdy, Gogolidi qoghamnan alastatudyng joldary izdestirildi. Jazushygha arasha týse alatyn tiri jan tabylmady. Óitkeni ónerge tórelik etip otyrghandar qara tobyrdyng arasynan shyqqan, qúldyq sanadan aryla almaghandar  edi.  Olardan qútylu ýshin, amalsyzdan Gogoli shet elge ketuge mәjbýr boldy. On ýsh jyl boyy shet elde jýru Gogoliding janyna auyr tiydi. Jazushyny shet elge jiberip, endi ony jendik dep oilaghan, sanasyna saytan úyalaghan orys qoghamy taghy da qatelesti. Shet elde jýrip Gogoli qoghamnyng saytany dýniyetanymyn odan beter әshkerelegen ómirlik maqsatynyng temirqazyghy bolyp tabylatyn "Óli jandar" poemasynyng birinshi kitabyn jazdy.

Úmytpasanyz, Gogoliding "Óli jandar" poemasy jazushynyn   eki orys mújyghynyng beynesin suretteuinen bastalady. Chichikovtyng kýimesining donghalaghyna kózi týsken  mújyqtardyng bireui:

- Qarashy, qanday donghalaq oilap tapqan. Qalay oilaysyn, búl donghalaq Mәskeuge sheyin jete ala ma?, - deydi.

- Jetedi, -deydi, ekinshisi.

- Al, Qazangha sheyin she?

- Joq, Qazangha sheyin jete almaydy.

"Óli jandardyn" basynda keltirilgen osy epizodty oqyghanda eki orys mújyghynyng qylyghyna eriksiz kýlesin. Shygharmany sonyna sheyin oqyp shyqqanda osy kishkentay epizod sizge basqasha oy salady. Siz saytannyng aldyndaghy әlsiz sәtinizde osy eki orys mújyghynyng oilau qabiletinen de myng ese tómendep ketetin, ózinizding nadan  bolmysynyzdy ainymay tanisyz.  Saytan saltanat qúrghan qoghamda sanaly oidyng ómir sýruining mýmkin emestigin týsinesin. Kishkentay pendeshiligimizding aldynda әlsizdik tanytqan sәtterimizde bәrimiz de, Chichikov, Sobokevich, Manilov, Plushkin sekildi adamnyng saytanyna  ainalady ekenbiz.

Bizding pikirimizben kelisu nemese kelispeu óz erkinizde. Alayda jazushynyng osy bir tústa Reseyde ómir sýrip jatqan orystardyng pravoslaviyelik jәne músylmandardyng islam dinining arasyna salghastyru jýrgizip ketkenin angharu qiyn emes.

Kóz aldynyzgha elestetip kórinizshi. Kýimening ýstinde otyrghan Chichikov -simvoldyq túrghydan alghanda saytannyng beynesi. Onyng qay jerge deyin bara alatynyn talqylap otyrghan eki orys mújyghy shynayy tazalyq ýshin daulasyp jatqan - hristian jәne islam dinining kórinisi. Kýimening ýstindegi saytan orystardyng astanasy Mәskeude emin-erkin sayran sala beredi. Sebebi hristian әlemining adamdy tәrbiyeleudegi dingegi bosap, ol dýniyede saytan oiyna kelgenin istep, emin-erkin ómir sýrip jýr. Biraq osy saytan sol Reseydegi tatarlardyng jeri Qazangha bara almaydy. Sebebi músylman әlemindegi islam dinining dingegi temirdey berik bolghandyqtan, saytan ol dýniyening manayyna da jolay almaydy. Islamda saytannyng jolyna týsken adam keshirilmeydi. Jazagha tartylady.

Saytan taqyryby búryn-sondy da әlem әdebiyetinde talay zerttelgenimen, tek, Gogoli ghana úly jazushylardyng eshqaysysy da bayqamaghan qorqynyshty janalyqty ashty. Saytan biz oilap jýrgendey asa ýlken qúbyjyq emes,  baqa-shayan sekildi qúp-qúrttay ghana bәleket bolyp shyqty. Kishkentay ghana qúbyjyqtyng bizding kózimizge dәu aidaharday bolyp kórinetin sebebi, ózimiz tym úsaqtalyp ketippiz.

Saytannyng qayda jýretinin zerttegen jazushylardyng bәri ýlken taqyryptargha kóz tikse, Gogoli mikraskopty alyp, adamnyng kishireyip ketken jan әlemine ýnildi. Jәne kishkentay qúbyjyqtyn  mәngi mekenin sol kishkentay әlemning tórinde sayrandap jýrgen jerinen  tapty. Saytannyng tabighatyna ýnilgen sayyn jazushy onyng neshe týrli súmdyq qylmystaryn ashty.  Shynyna baqqanda búl kózsiz erlik edi. Shyndyqty búlay aitu ózindi tiridey tozaqtyng otyna salumen para-par bolatyn.  Biraq ony aitpay, ýndemey qalsa Gogoli -Gogoli bola ma. Osylaysha jazushynyng saytannyng eng qauipti shyndyghyn әshkerelegen "Dostarmen syrlasu" (Vybrannye mesta iz perepisky s druziyami) atty enbegi dýniyege keldi.

Búl joly Gogoli saytannyng eng qasiyetti dýniyesining oiran-botqasyn shyghardy. Endi ol hristian dini turaly orys qoghamy týsinigining qate ekenin ashyna jazdy. Qúdayym-ay, tipti aitugha auzyng barmaydy. Osy uaqytqa deyin orys qoghamynyng Qúday dep tanyp jýrgeni saytannyng sandyraghy eken. Beynelep aitsaq, Gogoli saytannyng eng qasiyetti ordasyna shabuyl jasady. Júrttyng bәri dýniyening imansyzdanyp bara jatqany ýshin patsha men orys shirkeuin jabylyp aiyptasa,  Gogoli barlyq kinarattyng tiri ólikke ainalghan halyqtyng ózinde ekenin kórdi.  Batysshyldardyng bәri de orys shirkeuin jamandap, "zenbirekten" atqylaghanda, Gogoli ghana sol oqqa qarsy ózining ýlken jýregin tosty.

-Shirkeu bizding sózimizde emes, ózimizding ishimizde janu kerek.. Olar bizding shirkeuding ómirsheng emes ekendigin aitady. - Olardyki  ótirik, óitkeni shirkeu bizding ómirimiz: biraq olar búl ótirikti logikalyq jaghynan dúrys jasady: bizding shirkeuimiz emes- biz ólikpiz: bizding týrimizge qarap olar osynday qorytyndygha keldi, - dep, kýizeldi Gogoli. (N.V.Gogoli. Tolyq tomdyq shygharmalar jinaghy. Mәskeu.  Kórkem әdebiyet baspasy.  6- shy tom, 212 bet)

Adam qúdaydy shyn jýregimen sýimeyinshe zúlymdyqtyng mәngi jalghasa beretinining syryna  Gogoli osy kitabyndaghy "Qasiyetti arylu" (Svetloe voskresenie) atty shygharmasynda tereng boylady. Orys qoghamynyng óz qúdayyn tanudaghy qateligin alghash kórgen Gogoli ol shyndyqtan attap kete almady. Shygharmanyng jelisin tarqatyp aitatyn bolsaq, orystardyng jylyna bir ret toylanatyn qasiyetti diny merekesi bar. Jazushy osy merekening barlyq qasiyetinen aiyrylghan, әiteuir bir toylau ýshin atalyp ótetin meyramgha ainalyp bara jatqanyna kýiindi. Qúdaygha qúr bosqa ótirik tabynghannan góri, ony shyn jýrekpen sýyding myng ese manyzdyraq ekendigin óz zamanynda Gogoli ghana týsindi. Qúdaytanuda ghúlama Dostoevskiy men Tolstoy da qatelesti. Gogoli ghana qatelesken joq. Ár adamnyng jýregine úyalaghan kishkentay Qúdayy ólip qalghan zamanda úly Jaratushynyng ózi de baqytsyzdyqqa dushar bolady.  Biz Qúdaydy shyn sýigendikten emes, saytan syqyldy odan qoryqqandyqtan ghana ótirik tabynady ekenbiz.

-Ghaysa payghambarymyzdy ýiimizge kirgizip aludyng ornyna, biz ony dalagha.., auruhanalargha  quyp jiberdik, - dep, qapalandy Gogoli.

Tәni emes, jany esikke qysylghan  saytan endi yshqyna shynghyrdy. Jo, jo, joq. Gogolidi búlay tayrandatyp qongha bolmaydy. Qashanghy basymyzgha shyghara beremiz. Ony óltiru kerek! Óltiru! Gogolidi óltiru ýshin orys qoghamynyng "auyr artilleriyasy" osylaysha iske qosyldy.

Bir jarym ghasyrdan astam uaqyt  ótse de "keyde it bolyp ýrip, keyde týlkishe qúiryghyn búlghandatatyn" (synshynyng óz sózi) Belinskiy jaryqtyqtyng "Gogolige hatyn" qayta-qayta oqyghan sayyn, jazushyny emes, synshyny ayaymyn. Gogoli ómirining sonyna sheyin Qúday belgilep bergen izgilikti sara joldan tayghan joq, Belinskiy ómir boyy adasyp ótti. Jәne ózi jalghyz adasqan joq, sózine senip, sonynan ergenderding bәrin adastyrdy. Qara týnek zamanda Gogoli ghana Qúdaygha aparatyn izgilikti taza joldy tanday bildi.

Gogoliding izbasarlary Dostoevskiy, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Bulgakovtar adamzat balasynyng sanasyn әli talay myndaghan jyldar boyy suaratyn mәngilik dýniyeler qaldyrdy. Belinskiyding sonynan ergenderding qúmgha singen suday izderi de qalghan joq.  Eger myqty bolsa orys әdebiyetining kóterilgen biyik shynyna Belinskiyding izbasarlarynyng qaldyryp ketken syn múrasy nege jete almady? Óitkeni orys әdebiyetining syny Belinskiyden emes, Gogoliding "Dostarmen syrlasu" enbeginen bastaluy tiyis edi. Ne degen sandyraq  dep aiyptay kórmeniz. Keshiriniz, búl mening sózim emes. Eng birinshi ret osy sóz, orys әdebiyetining qarapayym ghana janashyrlarynyng biri Pushkinning dosy Pletnev aqsaqaldyng auzynan abaysyzda shyghyp ketipti. Búl sózdi aitqany ýshin ol mazaqqa úshyrady. Júrttyng bәri ony "eski telpek" dep kelemej qylyp, artyn ashyp kýldi. Keyde jany janatta bolghyr Pletnev marqúmnyng auzyna osy sózdi Qúday saldy ma dep oilaysyn.

Belinskiy bastaghan, Dobrolubov qostaghan orystyng ghúlama synshylary әdebiyette әleumettik oi,  biyik morali jatuy kerek dep oilap, onbay qatelesti. Gogoli olay oilaghan joq. Ádebiyet degenimiz adam janynyng qasiyetti shirkeui, oghan kim-kóringendi kirgize berse, at-qoragha ainalady. Sinirgen enbegi men kórgen qorlyghyna bola, onyng tórine esekti aparyp qonggha bolmaydy. Júrttyng kóbi ishterinen bulyghyp aita almay jýrgen shyndyq, Gogoliding kirshiksiz taza pәk jýreginen aqtaryla saldy.  Mәssaghan! Bayqaysyzdar ma, endi Gogoli anau-mynau emes, sol uaqyttary poeziyanyng payghambary sanalyp jýrgen - Lomonosovty synap saldy.

-Qatalyraq qarasaq, Lomonosov degen kim sonshama? Óner men bilim quyp kelgenderding biri ghana. Aqyndardyng qataryna ol bayqausyzda qosylyp ketti, - degendi, beti esh shimirikpesten, sonshalyq senimdi týrde batyl aitty. (N.V.Gogoli. Tolyq tomdyq shygharmalar jinaghy. Mәskeu.  Kórkem әdebiyet baspasy.  6- shy tom, 334 shi  bet)

Bir jarym ghasyrdan astam uaqyt ótse de  jazushynyng "Orys poeziyasynyng tabighaty men ereksheligi nede?" atty syn maqalasyndaghy mәngi eskirmeytin shyndyqtardyn, sondaylyq bir  matematikalyq dәldikpen, jerine jetkize aitylghandyghyna qayran qalamyn. Al, ol uaqytta múny aitu auzynan jalyn shashyp túrghan aidahardyng auzyna týkirgenmen para-para kózsiz batyrlyq-túghyn. Qate bolsa da, qasiyetti sanap jýrgen ózining tanymyna shabuyl jasaghan Gogolidi orys qoghamy qalay keshirsin.  Keshirmedi de.

-Mýmkin siz auru shygharsyz, sondyqtan sizge emdelu kerek shyghar.. Qamshynyng nasihatshysy, kórgensizdikting uaghyzshysy, bilimsizdik pen qaranghylyqtyng jaqtaushysy, tatar әdet-ghúrpynyng madaqtaushysy -Siz ne istep otyrsyz? Ayaghynyzdyng astyna qaranyzshy; siz jardyng qasynda túrsyz ghoy, - dedi,  Belinskiy  Gogolige jazghan  hatynda. (V.G.Belinskiy. Pushkiyn. Lermontov. Gogoli turaly maqalalar. Mәskeu. Prosveshenie baspasy. 1983 jyl. 229 shy bet).

O, jalghan-ay, búl ózin mәdeniyetti sanaytyn  Belinskiydin  auzynan shyghatyn sóz be edi, tәiiri?!  Osynyng aldynda ghana synshynyng auzyn ashyp, kózin júmyp - Gogoliding "Óli jandaryn" jer-kókke sighyzbay maqtaghany qayda?   Synshynyng ayaq astynan qapelimde ózgerip shygha kelgenine qayran qalasyn.  Endi Gogoli shynymen jalghyz  qaldy.

Belinskiyge bergen jauabynda  Gogoli synshynyn  shyn mәnisindegi bilimsizdigin tap basady. Shygharmany tereng týsinbey jatyp, әrkimning aitqandaryn qaytalap jýrgen synshynyn, búryn-sondy eshkim bayqamaghan  týlki tabighatynyng osal jerinen tyrp etkizbey,  ústap alady.

-Osynyng bәri de adam senetin jaghday ma? Týsiniksiz jaghdayda qalghan men ózime jәne ózimning kitabyma týk qatysy joq  aiyptaulardan qorghanugha tiyispin. Siz mening kitabymdy jýz ret oqydym dep jazypsyz, alayda sizding sózderinizden  ol kitapty bir ret te oqymaghandyghynyz angharylady, - dedi, Gogoli - synshygha bergen jauabynda. (N.V.Gogoli. Tolyq tomdyq shygharmalar jinaghy. Mәskeu.  Kórkem әdebiyet baspasy.  7- shi tom, 360 shy bet)

Biraq Gogoliding shaujayyna jarmasqan jalghyz ghana Belinskiy me?  Eger batysshyl Belinskiy Gogoliding hristian dinining tazalyghy turaly  jazghandaryn "saytannyng ilimi" dep aiyptasa, slavyanofiyl  Aksakov ta odan alys ketpedi.  Gogoliding "Dostarmen syrlasu" atty kitaby shyqpay jatyp ol - Siz óte ayanyshty jәne dóreki qatelestiniz. Siz mýlde adastynyz, óz-ózinizge qayshy kelip, aspan men adamgha qyzmet etudi oilay jýrip, Qúday men adamdy qorlap jatyrsyz, - dep danyshpan Gogolige aqyl ýiretip hat jazdy. Ásheyinde bastary qosylmaytyn batysshyldar men slavyanofilider birining auzyna biri týkirip qoyghanday Gogolige qarsy yzgharly aiyptaulardy qarsha boratty. Orys synshylarynyng jónsiz aiyptaulary janyna qatty batqan, qara tobyrdan arashalaudy súraghan   Gogoliding dauysy endi ayanyshty, әri jalynyshty  shyqty.

- Kitabymnyng tónireginde payda bolghan dau-damaylar men týsinbestikter maghan óte auyr tiydi, óitkeni men ózimning enbegim adamdardyng arasyna jik salady dep emes, kerisinshe olardy tatulastyrady dep oilaghanmyn. Mening janym maghan taqqan jalghan aiyptaulardyng bәrinen de qatty sharshady, әsirese әlgindegi keybir aiyptaular maghan qatty soqqy bop tiygeni sonshama, men Qúdaydan ony eshkimning de basyna bermeuin tiler edim, -dep, qorghanugha kóshti, bayghús Gogoli.  (N.V.Gogoli. Tolyq tomdyq shygharmalar jinaghy. Mәskeu.  Kórkem әdebiyet baspasy.  6- shy tom, 454 shi  bet)

Ómirining sonynda jazghan Gogolidin  "Jazushynyn  jan azasy" (Avtorskaya ispovedi) enbegin oqyghan sayyn ómir degenimizding adam men saytannyng arpalysy ekenine kózim jete týskendey bolady. Sol saytandy jenu -halyqtyng ar-úyatynyng ólshemine ghana baylanysty. Adamdy jaratqan Qúdayda eshqanday  jazyq joq. Bar bәle, Qúday salyp bergen sara joldy tanyghysy kelmegendikten,  pendeshilikke salynyp, onyng ósiyetin búrmalap, basqasha týsindirip jýrgen, sanasyn saytan biylegen tobyrdyng arasynan shyqqan nadandaryn han kóterip, júrtqa shyn jýregimen jany ashityn aqyndaryn tozaqqa salyp qoyatyn - tiri ólikke ainalghan  halyqtyng ózinde. Dýniyening jargha qúlap ketpeui aldymen Qúdaygha, sosyn halyqtyng ar-úyatyna ghana tirelip túr. Óz zamandastarynyng ishinde osy shyndyqqa jalghyzdyqtyng zaryn tartqan eng birinshi Gogoliding kózi jetti.

(Jalghasy bar)

«Abay-aqparat»

[1] «Úzaq uaqyttan beri men shygharmalarymmen tanysqan oqyrmandarymnyng aiyzy qanyp, saytangha bir kýlip aluy ýshin qalam ústap kelemin». (Gogoliding 1847 jyldyng 27 sәuirinde Napolidan Shevyrevqa jazghan haty)