«Gigiyena – medisinanyng ózegi»
(nemese sanitarlyq dәriger – negizgi túlgha)
Premier-ministr Asqar Mamiyn
myrzanyng nazaryna!
Adam – tabighattyng ónimi. Árbir azamat ózining ómir sýretin ortasy men densaulyghyn tabighatty ayalaghanday qorghauy tiyis. Ol ýshin gigiyenalyq talaptar men normalardy búljytpay oryndau qajet. Búl – býgingi qoghamnyn, biylik basyndaghy lauazymdy túlghalardyng ortaq mindeti.
Elimizding Ata Zany – bizding barlyq qúqyqtarymyz ben mindetterimiz kórsetilgen memleketimizding bas qújaty. Biz osy qújatta aiqyndalghan konstitusiyalyk kenistikte ómir sýrip jatyrmyz. Sondyqtan Qazaqstan Respublikasy qabyldaghan Zandar men Kodeksterde, basqa da normativtik-qúqyqtyq aktilerde bekitilgen talaptardy oryndamaugha, búzugha eshkimning haqysy joq!
Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng 2009 jyly18 qyrkýiekte bekitilgen «Halyq densaulyghy jәne densaulyq saqtau jýiesi turaly» Kodeks baptaryna sәikes, 2015-2018 jyldar aralyghynda Qazaqstan Respublikasynyn Últtyq ekonomika jәne Densaulyq saqtau ministrlerining búiryqtarymen bekitilgen normativtik-qúqyqtyq aktilerding negizgi núsqasy orys tilinde dayyndalyp, qazaqshagha audarylghan núsqasyn kórgende – oqugha úyalasyn, qazaq bolyp tughanyna ókinesin!
Memlekettik tildi, yaghny Konstitusiya men «Til turaly» zandy attap, ony taptap ótuge, Qazaqstanda ómir sýrip jatqan jәne el túrghyndarynyng 70 payyzynan asatyn qazaqtardyng memlekettik tilde aqparat alu qúqyn shekteu – óreskel zanbúzushylyq, tipti sayasy qylmys emes pe?! Qalyng elding jauapkershiligi jýktelgen, halyq ýshin qyzmet jasauy tiyis memlekettik lauazymdy qyzmetke memlekettik tilde sóileuge arsynatyn, ana tilin qadirlemeytin adamdy «Memlekettik Bas sanitarlyq dәriger» etip kim taghayyndaghan?
Álde bizding Densaulyq saqtau ministrligi Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng zandaryn oryndaudy mindet dep sanamay ma?! Kodeksting baptaryna sәikes, ministrlikting búiryqtary men bekitilgen normativtik-qúqyqtyq aktilerding әr babyn oqymasan, syilamasan, oghan boysynbasan, týsinbesen, ol – jay ghana qaghaz bolyp qalady.
Býgingi kýni Densaulyq saqtau ministrligi qúzyryndaghy «Tauarlar men kórsetiletin qyzmetterding sapasy men qauipsizdigin baqylau komiyteti» mamandary bekitilgen normativtik-qúqyqtyq aktilerge nazar audarmay otyrghan әreketsizdiginen osynday mýshkil halge jetip otyrmyz.
«Tauarlar men kórsetiletin qyzmetterding sapasy men qauipsizdigin baqylau komiyteti» tóraghasy jәne onyng «bilikti» bas mamany óz mindetterine selqos qarap, funksiyalary men mindetteri bekitilgen Ereje talaptaryna boysynbay: «Memleketting irgesining berik qalanuy, normativtik qúqyqtyq aktiler men jay búhara halyqtyng dekrettelgen tobyndaghy adamdardyng densaulyghy men әleumettik jaghdayynyng qorghaluy Ýkimet tarapynan bekitilgen normativtik-qúqyqtyq aktilerding zaman talabyna sәikes boluyna baylanysty» ekendigine nazar audarmay otyrghandyghy óte ókinishti!
Búl búdan da auyr saldarlargha alyp kelui әbden mýmkin. Býgingi bekitilgen «Sanitarlyq qaghidalarda» orys tilin biylikting tórine shygharyp, qazaq tilin esikten ghana syghalatyp, masqaralap otyrghandyghy búl oiyma dәlel.
Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng «Til turaly» Zanynyng talabyna Densaulyq saqtau ministri jәne Komiytet tóraghasynyng boysynbay otyrghandyghyn qalay týsinuge bolady? Osy biylik tóbesinde otyrghan myrzalar qanday elding Zanyna boysynyp júmys isteydi? Halyq densaulyghyn saqtau ýshin baqylaudaghy óndiristik kәsiporyndar men infraqúrylymda gigiyenalyq normanyng oryndaluyn qadaghalau men ondaghy júmysshylar men mamandardy densaulyqqa ziyandy, asa kauipti faktorlardan jәne әleumettik jaghdaylaryn qorghaugha baylanysty bekitilgen Sanitarlyq qaghidalar talaptarynyng oryndaluyna «Tauarlar men kórsetiletin qyzmetterding sapasy men qauipsizdigin baqylau komiytetinin» mamandary naqty qadaghalau jýrgizuge mindetti jәne jauapty ekenderin nege eskermeydi?
Esesine, jeke kәsipkerding jazghan ótinish hattary, baspasózde jariyalanghan maqalasy men Qazaqstan Respublikasy Bas prokuraturasy jәne Densaulyq saqtau ministrining jazbasha bergen tapsyrmasyna «Sanitarlyq qaghidalar talaby tolyq oryndaldy» dep, Departamentten alghan jalghan mәlimdemeni kóshirip jazumen shektelip otyr. Búl Komiytetting lauazymdy túlghasynyng Qazaqstan Respublikasy memlekettik qyzmetshilerinin әdep kodeksinin negizgi talaptaryna boysynbay otyrghandyghyn kórsetedi!
Ministrlik pen osy sala basshylary halyq densaulyghyn qorghau boyynsha naqty júmystardy jasaytyn, medisina instiutynyng sanitariya gigiyena fakulitetinde 6 jyl boyy oqyp, gigiyena pәninen dәris alghan, gigiyenalyq normalardy tolyq biletin – Sanitarlyq dәriger atauyn medisinalyq nozologiyalyq birlikten shygharyp tastap, onyng atyn tolyq óshirdi. Qazirgi kýni Komiytet pen Departamentting shtattyq birliginde «Sanitarlyq dәriger» degen atau mýlde joq. Oghan – «bas maman, jetekshi maman» degen aidar taghyp otyr. Osynday arnayy atauy joq mekemede Komiytet, Departament orynbasarlary – «Bas sanitarlyq dәriger» degen lauazymgha ie bolyp otyrghandyghy aqylgha syimaytyn kýlkili nәrse!
«Quyrdaqtyng kókesin týie soyghanda kóresin» demekshi, Tauarlar men kórsetiletin qyzmetterding sapasy men qauipsizdigin baqylau komiyteti men Departament basshylarynyn mamandyqtary – farmasevt! Gigiyenalyq normany oqyghandyghy turaly arnayy bilimi men biligi bolmasa, olar qalay gigiyenalyq normanyng oryndalmay jatqandyghy jóninde naqty sheshim qabyldaydy?! Qazaq «Laq soysa da qasap soysyn» deydi. Arnayy bilimi men mamandyghy joq adam Memlekettik sanitarlyq qyzmet salasyn qalay basqarady?
Sanitarlyq dәrigerler jeke adamdy emdeytin dәriger emes. Olar – gigiyena ghylymyn arnayy oqyp bilim alghan, gigiyenalyq normalardan tolyq habary bar, halyqtyng densaulyghyn qorghau ýshin jasalatyn mynaday júmystardy:
– eldi mekenderding sanitarlyq gigiyenalyq jaghdayy men ondaghy óndirisik kәsiporyndar, әleumettik nysandardyng jobagha sәikes qúryluyn, olardy paydalanu kezindegi auyz su, kәriz su, jylytu jýielerining gigiyenalyq normagha sәikes tolyq qamtamasyz etiluin;
– qorshaghan ortadaghy, óndiristik kәsiporyndar men infraqúrylymdardaghy júmysshylar men mamandardyng tehnologiyalyq qúrylghylardan shyghatyn ziyandy, asa kauipti uly zattardyng әserinen payda bolatyn sozylmaly jәne kәsiptik aurulardan qorghaluyn;
– lastanghan atmosferalyq aua, auyz su jәne topyraqtar men sapasyz azyq-týlik arqyly júghatyn júqpaly jәne parazitarlyq aurulardan saqtanudy;
– qansorghysh jәndikter (kene, býrge, biyt, masalar) arqyly júghatyn әrtýrli transmissivtik aurulardyn aldyn aludy;
– tagham qúramyndaghy auyr metaldar men dәrumenderdin jetispeushiliginen payda bolatyn aliymentarlyq aurulardyng jәne sapasyz taghamdardan ulanudyng payda bolu sebebterin anyqtau (olardyng aldyn alu sharalaryn jýrgizetin dәriger – gigiyenister);
– halyq arasynda Ýkimet tarapynan bekitilgen normativtik qúqyqtyq aktiler (Sanitarlyq qaghidalar) talaptarynyng oryndaluyna jýieli әri josparly is-sharalar úiymdastyryp, olardyng atqaryluyn qamtamasyz etetin arnayy bilimi bar maman!
Halyq densaulyghyn saqtauda osynday asa jauapty qyzmetke taghayyndalatyn Sanitarlyq dәrigerler – gigiyenalyq bilim-biligi men jauapkershiligi joghary, halyqtyn den saulyghyn oilaytyn aqyl-parasaty mol, Memleket zandary men Ýkimet qaulylarynyng talaptaryn tolyq biletin jәne ony oryndaytyn sanaly, qoghamnyng ozyq oily memleketshil azamattarynan taghayyndaluy tiyis.
Ókinishke qaray, óndiristik kәsiporyndardaghy adamdardyng densaulyqtaryn ziyandy, asa qauipti faktorlardan qorghau ýshin gigiyena normalaryn saqtaugha qadaghalau jýrgizetin sanitarlyq dәrigerdin atyn óshirip, qúqyghyn shektep, ony medisinalyq nozologiyalyq birlikten alyp tastau – Densaulyq saqtau ministrligi tarapynan Qazaqstan Respublikasy halqynyng densaulyghyna, onyng demografiyalyq ósimine jasalyp otyrghan qiyanat!
Ministrding ózi búiryghymen bekitken «Sanitarlyq qaghidalar talaptarynda» jazylghan әleumettik jenildikterge adamdardyn qoly jetpey otyrghandyghynyng dәleli mynalar:
a) Qazirgi kýni halyqtyng dekrettelgen tobyndaghy adamdar jaramsyz «Jeke medisinalyq kitapshamen» nysandarda júmys jasaydy. Olar «Jeke medisinalyq kitapsha beru, tirkeu jәne jýrgizu turaly» Últtyq Ekonomika ministrinin 2015 jyl, 24 aqpan №126 búiryghynyng №1 qosymshasynda berilgen Ýlgige sәikes kelmeydi.
ә) Medisinalyq tekserip qarau turaly ÚE ministrining 2015 jyl, 24 aqpan №128 búiryghynyng talaptary oryndalmaydy. Emhanalarda medisinalyq tekserip qarau jýrgizetin dәriger Profpatolog mamandardyng «kәsiptik patologiya» boyynsha sertifikattary joq. Sondyqtan da Qyzylorda qalasynyng emhanalarynda óndiristik kәsiporyn jәne infraqúrylym júmysshylaryn medisinalyq tekserip qarau kezinde songhy bes jylda birde-bir «kәsiby auru nemese ish aurularyn tasymaldaushy adamdar» anyqtalmaghan. Búl turaly Departament Komiytetke jalghan aqparat berumen shektelip otyr;
b) Gigiyenalyq oqudan ótu boyynsha Densaulyq saqtau ministrining 2018 jylghy 12 sәuirdegi № 168 (búdan búrynghy № 449) búiryghymen bekitilgen «Sanitarlyq qaghida talaptary» oryndalmaydy. Júmys berushimen josparly týrde jasaluy tiyis Kelisim shart jasau jýieli jýrgizilmegen. Dekrettelgen top ókilderi gigiyenalyq biliktiligin jetildiru ýshin júmys oryndaryn tastap, tólemaqyny óz qaltalarynan tóleydi;
g) Bekitilgen gigiyenalyq sala boyynsha Sanitarlyq qaghidalarda jazylghan «qyzmetkerlerdi eki auysymdyq arnayy kiyimdermen qamatamasyz etu» turaly talaptar oryndalmaghandyqtan, dekrettelgen top ókilderi arnayy kiyimderin ózderi satyp alyp otyr. Búl mәsele Departament pen qalalyq basqarma mamandary tarapynan baqylausyz qalghan.
Qyzylorda oblysynyng Departament mamandarynyn osynday bekitilgen normativtik qúqyqtyq aktiler talaptaryn uaqtyly qadaghalamaytyn әreketsizdigi, óz mindetterine jauapsyz qaraytyndyghy turaly «Halyq» gazetine 2018 jyly nauryz aiynda maqala jariyalandy. Osy gazettegi maqala men ótinish hattar Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Bas porokurory, oblys prokurory men qala prokurory, Densaulyq saqtau ministri jәne oblys әkimine joldandy. Sonda da mәsele sheshimin tappady. Esesine, oryn alghan zang búzushylyq әreketterge qaramastan, búl maqala men ótinish hattargha «Qaghidalar talaptary tolyq oryndaldy» degen jalghan aqparat berildi.
Tauarlar men kórsetiletin qyzmetterding sapasy men qauipsizdigin baqylau komiyteti men Departament mamandarynyng osy kýnge deyin Sanitarlyq qaghidalar talaptaryn oqymaghandyghy, olardy tolyq bilmeytindigi óte ókinishti!
Baqylaudaghy әleumettik nysandarda auyr jәne densaulyqtaryna ziyandy júmystardy atqaratyn – eden juushy, dәrethana tazartushy, kir juushy, ghimaratty kýtip ústaushy, qoghamdyq tamaqtanu oryndary men balabaqshalarda júmys jasaytyn adamdardyn 95 payyzy әielder ekenin týsingisi kelmey, barmaq arasynan qarap otyrghandyghy – olardyng әreketsizdigi, kónuge bolmaytyn jauapsyzdyghy! Eger biz, osylaysha bekitilgen gigiyenalyq normalardan habarsyz bolsaq, gigiyenalyq bilimi bar memlekettik sanitarlyq dәriger qazir Densaulyq saqtau ministrligine qajetsiz bolsa, onda elimiz halqynyn densaulyghyn baqylaudy kimge senip tapsyrugha bolady?!
Qogham, memleket degenimiz – halyq! Halyqsyz qogham da, memleket te bolmaytynyn biylikte otyrghandar qashan týsinedi?! Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Densaulyq saqtau ministrleri Memlekettik sanitarlyq epiydemiologiyalyq qyzmet atauyn júlqyshtap júlyp, «Tútynushylardyng qúqyqtaryn qorghau komiyteti», «Qoghamdyq densaulyq saqtau komitteti», «Tauarlar men kórsetiletin qyzmetterding sapasy men qauipsizdigin baqylau komiyteti» dep atap otyr. Sóitip, búl qyzmetting basshylaryn ózderi bekitken qúrylymda joq ataumen – «Bas sanitarlyq dәriger» dep ataydy. Búl eshqanday qújatpen naqtylanbaghan! Sonda qisyn qayda, zang qayda, mindet pen jauapkershilik qayda?!
Qazaqstan Respublikasy halqynyng densaulyghyn qorghau ýshin Densaulyq saqtau ministrligi qúzyrynan shygharyp, tura Ýkimetke boysynatyn arnayy «Memlekettik sanitarlyq epiydemiologiyalyq qadaghalau komiytetin» qúru mәselesin sheshu kerektigin halyq qalaulylary nege oilanbaydy? Medisina institutynyng sanitariya gigiyenena fakulitetin bitirgen, sanitarlyq dәriger diplomy bar mamannyng atyn óshirip, ornyna «bas maman», «jetekshi maman» degen ataulardy ne ýshin engizip otyr? Al qazirgi koronavirus indeti jaylaghan tótenshe jaghdayda barlyghy «Sanitarlyq dәriger» dep jar saluda. Qayda, sol sanitarlyq dәriger? Onday atau Komiytette, Departamentte nemese basqarmalarda bar ma? Biz neni ansap, kimdi mazaqtap otyrmyz?!
Qazaq halqynyng «Auyryp em izdegenshe, aurmaytyn jol izde» degen dana sózi – halyqtyng densaulyghyn saqtaugha jәne aurudan qorghaugha arnayy aitylghan. Osyghan baylanysty birneshe mәseleni tizbelep aita ketken jón.
1.Halyqtyng әrtýrli aurulargha shaldyqpau jolyn, onyng sebebterin anyqtap, bekitilgen gigiyenalyq normagha sәikes ómir sýrudi nasihattaytyn bilikti maman – sanitarlyq dәriger!
2.Halyqtyng gigiyenalyq biliktiligin jetildiretin, olargha jeke bas gigiyenasyn ýiretetin de sanitarlyq dәriger!
3.Halyqtyng densaulyghyn qorghaugha baghyttalghan memleket zandary men kodeksterdin, ýkimet qaulylary men basqa da normativtik-qúqyqtyq qújattar talaptarynyng oryndaluyn qadaghalaushy – sanitarlyq dәriger!
4.Gigiyena normalary saqtalmaghan nysanda sanitarlyq qaghidalar talaptary orynlalmaghan jaghdayda halyqtyng densaulyghy bolmaydy. Ony da qadaghalaytyn – sanitarlyq dәriger.
5.Sanitarlyq dәrigerding qoghamdaghy ornyn, onyng qadir-qúrmetin týsinbeushilikke, qúqyghyn qorlaugha, qoghamnan shettetuge jol berilmeui kerek! Ony týsinbeytin basshy halyqty qasiretke úshyratady.
6.Densaulyq saqtau ministri men Bas sanitarlyq dәrigerge- halyqtyn densaulyghy olargha – tәjiriybe jýrgizetin zerthana emestigin jәne keri jaghdayda qylmystyq jauapkershilikke tartylatyndyqtaryn týsinuleri tiyis!
7.Gigiyena – medisinanyng ózegi, sanitarlyq dәriger – búl salada negizgi túlgha ekenin eshqashan úmytpaghan esimizden shygharmaghan jón!
Býgingi koronavirus kezindegi indettik jaghdayda sanitarlyq dәriger qyzmetining asa manyzdy ekenin halyq týsindi. Endi múny Qazaqstan Respublikasy Densaulyq saqtau ministri men onyng qúzyryndaghy «Bas sanitarlyq dәriger» atauyna ie myrzalar men hanymdar da tereng týsinip, naqty sheshim qabyldauy qajet dep oilaymyn.
Eng dúrysy, sanitarlyq baqylau qyzmeti – óz atyna layyq bolyp, halyqtyng densaulyghyn saqtau boyynsha nәtiyjeli júmys jýrgizui ýshin, jogharyda aitqanymday, ony Densaulyq saqtau ministrligi qúzyrynan shygharyp, tura Ýkimetke boysynatyn arnayy «Memlekettik sanitarlyq epiydemiologiyalyq qadaghalau komiytetin» qúru qajet!
Sәbit Dәribaev,
KSRO jәne QR densaulyqty saqtau jýiesining ýzdigi:
Jazyp alghan: Qútmaghambet Qonysbay
Abai.kz