Quandyq Shamahayúly. Daghdarystyng ekinshi tolqyny kele me?
Áriyne, búl súraqty ýkimet mýshelerine qoysaq, óte optimistik jauap alatynymyzgha esh shýbә joq. Biday bitik shyqty, jylu stansiyalary qys mausymyna dayyn, mal semirdi, múnaydyng baghasy әlemdik naryqta ósti, tenge túraqtandy t.s.s. Bәlkim, búl bizding ónim óndirmeytindigimizge, tek tútynushy bolyp qalghandyghymyzgha nemese qor birjalarynyn, qúndy qaghazdar naryghynyng damymaghandyghyna baylanysty da shyghar. Álqissa, әngimening negizgi tórkini bylay...
Jalpy, biz sekildi damushy elderding bir qatarynda ainalymgha týspegen qarajat kóp mólsherde bar kórinedi. Búl turaly әlemge әigili iri ekonomisterding biregeyi sanalatyn Ernardo de Soto ala jazday jar saldy. Ol birneshe postsosialistik elderding ishki ekonomikasymen tanysqannan keyin kәdimgidey dabyl qaqqan kórinedi. Aynalymgha týspegen bolsa, onyng óli qarajat ekendigine esh shýbә joq. Qarjy-qarajatty ainalymgha engizuding negizgi tetigi - esepke alu jýiesi ekendigin әrkim biledi. Siz qymbat әri asa qúndy ghimaratty qyruar qarjy júmsap salyp qoydynyz. Salghan zәulim sarayynyz kózding jauyn alady, tipti kirse shyqqysyz tamasha. Alayda, onynyz esepke alynbaghan, yaghni, ony memlekettik, qoghamdyq, bank qarjy, saqtandyru úiymdary moyyndamaghan bolsa onda qansha jerden jaynap túrsa da óli kapital.
Áriyne, búl súraqty ýkimet mýshelerine qoysaq, óte optimistik jauap alatynymyzgha esh shýbә joq. Biday bitik shyqty, jylu stansiyalary qys mausymyna dayyn, mal semirdi, múnaydyng baghasy әlemdik naryqta ósti, tenge túraqtandy t.s.s. Bәlkim, búl bizding ónim óndirmeytindigimizge, tek tútynushy bolyp qalghandyghymyzgha nemese qor birjalarynyn, qúndy qaghazdar naryghynyng damymaghandyghyna baylanysty da shyghar. Álqissa, әngimening negizgi tórkini bylay...
Jalpy, biz sekildi damushy elderding bir qatarynda ainalymgha týspegen qarajat kóp mólsherde bar kórinedi. Búl turaly әlemge әigili iri ekonomisterding biregeyi sanalatyn Ernardo de Soto ala jazday jar saldy. Ol birneshe postsosialistik elderding ishki ekonomikasymen tanysqannan keyin kәdimgidey dabyl qaqqan kórinedi. Aynalymgha týspegen bolsa, onyng óli qarajat ekendigine esh shýbә joq. Qarjy-qarajatty ainalymgha engizuding negizgi tetigi - esepke alu jýiesi ekendigin әrkim biledi. Siz qymbat әri asa qúndy ghimaratty qyruar qarjy júmsap salyp qoydynyz. Salghan zәulim sarayynyz kózding jauyn alady, tipti kirse shyqqysyz tamasha. Alayda, onynyz esepke alynbaghan, yaghni, ony memlekettik, qoghamdyq, bank qarjy, saqtandyru úiymdary moyyndamaghan bolsa onda qansha jerden jaynap túrsa da óli kapital.
Kapitalizm jýiesindegi naryqtyq ekonomikada materialdyq jәne ruhany barlyq qarjy-qarajat, dýnie atauly ainalymgha týsip, iyeleri onyng iygiligin kórip, jemisin jeydi. Al, damushy elder olay jasay almaydy eken. Birshama óli kapitaldy jinap alyp, saqtap qana otyrghandyqtan onda kapitalistik qatynas damymay jatyr - deydi, әlgi ekonomika salasynyng bilgiri Ernando de Soto.
Soto myrzanyng búl tújyrymyn ghylymy janalyq deuge túrarlyqtay. Sebebi, әlemning әr tarabyndaghy onshaqty elge jýrgizgen zertteuleri arqyly ol ózara óte úqsas nәtiyjege qol jetkizip otyr. Aytalyq, Mysyr, Filippiyn, Gaity ýsheui diny senim, salt-dәstýr, tarihy bolmystary men halqynyng mentaliytetteri mýlde basqasha bola túra olardyng qúryp jatqan «kapitalizmderi» óte úqsas kórinedi. Úqsas bolghanda da, bayaghy sol tau-tóbe etip ýiip qoyylghan óli kapital. Sotonyng zertteuin Úlan-Batyrda jýrgizgende Perumen úqsas qorytyndy shyqqan. El astanasynyng shetinde salynghan yqsham audandardyng ózinen ainalymgha týspegen jeti milliard dollardyng mýlki shygha kelgen. Al, bizding Astana men Almatyda sol zertteudi jýrgizip kórsek qanday nәtiyje kórseterin, qay elmen «múndas» ekendigimizdi boljaugha bolatyn da siyaqty. Biraq, búnyng ózi jeke bir әngimege arqau bolatyn mәsele.
Esepke alynyp, moyyndalghan ainalymdaghy qarajat pen eshkimge beymәlim iyegeri de tanylmaghan óli kapitaldyng arasynda qanday aiyrmashylyq bar degenge bir qarapayym mysaldy alayyq. Sizde taydyng túyaghynday altynynyz bolsyn delik. Ony siz kepildikke qoyyp, aqsha alasyz da sol qarajatynyzdy taghy bir birjagha ma, qúndy qaghazdar naryghyna ma ainalymgha salasyz. Eger joghalyp ketse, saqtandyru kompaniyalary shyghynynyzdy ótep beretindikten eshteneden qoryqpaysyz. Qysqasy, sol júdyryqtay altynnan kýnde sauyn siyrynyz siyaqty aqsha sauasyz da otyrasyz. Al, sol altyndy ýiinizge tyghyp qoysanyz ol bir tas qana. Sizde onday altyn baryn kim biledi, bilse de altyn ekendigine senuining ózi ekitalay. Ózinizding taytúyaq altyny bar әjeptәuir bay ekendiginizdi kimge baryp qalay dәleldeysiz.
Soto damushy elderding birazynyng ýkimetine óz zertteuining nәtiyjesin osylay týsindirmek bolghanda kóp sheneunik adam sanaghymen shatastyryp asa mәn bermegenge úqsaydy. Sóitip jýrgende, Ispaniyada taghy bir Soto deytin ataqty ekonomist payda boldy. Jesýs Huerta de Soto degen esim 2008 jylghy ekonomikalyq daghdarysty aldyn ala boljaghan azghana ghalymdardyng biri retinde әlemge tanylghan. Sol daghdarysty Qytay, Ýndistan, Braziliya ekonomikasy ensergen bolsa, tayau kelip, endi esik qaqqaly túrghan daghdarysqa eshkim tótep bere almaydy degen boljamdy ol býgin jasap otyr. Grek, Portugali, Ispaniya elderi aldymen Europa odaghyn taratyp qúlatpaq kórinedi. Tumysynan molshylyq kórmegen grekter Europa odaghyna enip, euromen sauda jasay bastaghanda júmaqtyng tórine shyqqanday masayraghan deydi. Al, shyn mәninde júmysty nemister istep, iygiligin grekter kóretin әdiletsizdik qaydan ornay qalsyn. Jatyp ishetin tegin tamaq eshkimning peshenesine jazylmasa kerek. «Grektershe júmys istep, skandinavsha ómir sýru mýmkin emes» dep batystyqtar aitqanday almaqtyng da salmaghy bar bolyp shyqty. Aqyry mine, ýsh jyl boldy, әli ereuildeumen kýn batyryp keledi.
Jesýs Soto songhy zertteuining arqasynda daghdarystyng jalpy bolmysyn tauyp tanydym dep otyrghan kórinedi. 1928 jyly Amerikadan bastalyp kýlli әlemdi sharpyp ótken daghdarystyng týpkilikti sebebin zerttegen onyng tújyrymy býginde óte nanymdylyghymen ekonomist ghalymdardyng nazaryn audaryp otyr. Ony әlemge aty mәshhýr ekonomist Milton Fridman kóp jyl zerttey kele aqyry Amerikanyng ortalyq bankisi men federaldyq resurs úiymyn kinәli dep tapqan. Olardyng aqsha sayasatyn teris jýrgizgendigin naqty dәleldegen. Al, Soto bolsa ony jay ghana saldar retinde kórsetedi de sebepting tym aryda jatqandyghyn aitady.
Amerikandyqtar túraqty damudyng arqasynda dýniyejýzinde HH ghasyrda eng iri ekonomikalyq jetistikke jetkeni belgili. Dýniyejýzilik birinshi soghys Europany túralatyp tastaghan song bizding ghalamshardaghy sayasi, әskeri, mәdeny ortalyq atauly múhit asyp jana qúrlyqqa jetse kerek. Fordtyn avtokólik óndiru qozghalysy eki ayaqty pendeni tórt dóngelekting ýstine shyghardy. Tonazytqysh, radio, avtokólik sekildi zattar әr otbasynyng kýndelikti qúralyna ainalyp, әlemdegi eng joghary jalaqy alatyn amerikandyqtar ýlde men býldege oranyp shalqy bastady. Olar tap bir peyishting tórine shyqqanday-aq ertenin úmytty. Artyq aqshalaryn birjagha aparyp qoya salady, onysy ózinen ózi óse beredi. Al, baghy janghan bireuleriniki neshe eselep ósip, aqsha iyesin tipti úshpaqqa shygharady. Kino industriya degen tipti shegine jetkenshe damyp, adamdar shynayy ómirden qol ýze bastaghan.
Aqshany ónim jasaytyn óndiriske engizip eseleuge kóbisi bas qatyrmady. Ishkeni aldynda, ishpegeni artynda aqshany ondy-soldy shashyp, shayqap jýrdi. Birjany beyne bir aqsha kóbeytkish mashina ispetti týsindi. Sonda aparyp birneshe jasyl qaghazdy laqtyra salsang boldy, rahat ómirindi sýre beresin. Alayda, tosynnan payda bolghan daghdarys birjadaghy aqshany bir-aq kýnde typ-tipyl etti. Aqsha qoryn jasamaghan, investisiya ataulyny oilamaghan júrt sol sәtte-aq peyishten syrghyp týsip tozaqqa tap boldy. Olardyng han sarayynday әsem ordalary men jalt-júlt etip kózding jauyn alghan temir túlparlary aqsha tappady, ony qaytadan tiyn-tebenge ainaldyrudyng ózi mýmkin bolmay qaldy. Naghyz «altyn-kýmis tas eken, arpa-biday as ekennin» keri keldi. Ásem ordalary men әdemi mashinalaryn et pen nan ornyna jeuge kelmeydi ghoy. Osylaysha, úly Abaydyng aityp ketken «erinshek jalqau mal shashpaq» tirlik tek ózderin ghana emes, býkil dýniyeni qúrbandyqqa shaldy.
Aqsha tabu onay, al, ony júmsay bilu ýshin zor aqyldyng qajet ekendigi osylaysha algha shyqty. Qayyrshygha balyq berme, kerisinshe, ony aulaytyn qarmaq ber degen tәmsil osydan shyqsa kerek.
Álemde bizdi tabighy shiyki zatqa bay el dep biledi. Forbes-ting «altyn tiziminde» jariyalanghan mәlimetterge sýiensek, qazaqstandyq milliarderlerding jighan-tergeni tútas alghanda 16,9 mlrd AQSh dollaryna baghalanypty. Búl qarjy elding jalpy ishki ónimining 13 %-dan astamyn qúraydy eken. Forbes tizimindegi 7 milliarderding qazaqstandyq ekeni býginde es jiyp, etek japqan bala-shaghagha da mәlim. Al, elge kelgen qanday payda bar?!
TMD Statistikalyq komiytetinin habarlamasynda Qazaqstan biylghy jartyjyldyqta jalpy ishki ónimnin ósui boyynsha 8,3 payyzdy qúrap, búrynghy odastarynyng arasynda kósh bastaghan kórinedi. Elimiz budjetining elu payyzgha juyghy múnay óndiru men ony eksporttaudan tolyghady. Biraq, qarjy jyldam týsetin múnay sektory júmyspen qamtamasyz etuding basty kózi bolmasa kerek. Sebebi, múnay baghasynyng qúbyluy ýkimetting jalpy budjettik shyghyndar turaly josparyna qalay әser etetindigi qazan aiynyng basyndaghy Parlament otyrystarynda-aq bayqaldy.
Qazaqstandaghy budjetti josparlauda shiykilikter kóp. Nege? Elde qarjynyng ózge maqsatqa júmsaluy nemese iygerilmey keri qaytuy oinamaly indetke ainalghan. Obaly neshik ony zang jobasyn talqylau kezinde deputattar aituynday-aq aitty. Al, oghan ýkimet mýshesi Qayrat Kelimbetovting bergen jauaby shyndyqtan alys ketpegendey boldy. Ministrding mәlimdeuinshe, budjet kórsetkishteri múnay baghasyna tәueldi bolghandyqtan ózgertip otyrugha mәjbýr kórinedi. Bir qorap sirinke óndirmeytin, tek qana shetel tauarlarynyng tútynushysy bolyp otyrghan elde onday bolmasqa qanday shara bar.
Halyqaralyq valuta qorynyng esebi boyynsha Qazaqstan biznes ashu men menshik qúqyghyn tirkeu jóninen qamshy saldyrmay túr. Sóite túra Dýniyejýzilik bankting biznes jýrgizu indeksinde halyqaralyq sauda kórsetkishteri boyynsha zertteu jýrgizilgen elderding ishinde Qazaqstan 1 payyzdan tómen kórsetkishke zorgha jetken. Onyng sebebi elde tenizge shyghatyn joldyng bolmauynan ghana emes shyghar. Qarjy sektoryndaghy mәselelerge baylanysty nesiyege qoljetimdilik kórsetkishi boyynsha da Qazaqstan ýsh satygha tómendep ketken. Elimizdegi jan basyna shaqqandaghy tabys 8 myng AQSh dollarynan asty dep bórkimizdi aspangha atsaq ta, memleketting medisina men bilim beru salalaryna salystyrmaly týrde az qarjy bólinetindigin halyqaralyq sarapshylar dәleldep otyr.
Al, endi jaghdayymyz osynday qarama-qayshylyqtargha toly bolyp túrghanda Jesýs de Sotonyng aitqany dәl kelip, 2008 jyldaghyday әlemdik daghdarys qayta kelse she?! Shetelden alghan jәne alatyn qaryz qansha jyrtyqqa jamau bolady degen oy eriksiz mazalaydy. Bәlkim, kez-kelgen daghdarys bizding eldi ainalyp óte beretin shyghar dep taghy arasynda kónilge medeu tapqanday bolasyn. Sebebi, bizde jogharyda aitqanday qor birjasyna salghan aqshamyz da joq jәne onyng ne ekenin bilmeytindigimizding de paydasy tiyetin shyghar.
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