Memleket basshysy Qasym-Jomart Toqaevtyng bastamasymen Qazaqstanda til sayasatyn iske asyrudyng 2020-2025 jyldargha arnalghan memlekettik baghdarlamasy bekitilgen bolatyn.

Atalghan baghdarlamanyng maqsaty - qazaq tilining memlekettik mәrtebesin tolyqqandy saqtay otyryp, latyn grafikasynyng negizinde qazaq tilin janghyrtugha, tildik kapitaldy damytugha, til mәdeniyetin odan әri arttyrugha baghyttalghan til sayasatyn jýrgizu. Búl ýshin memleket tarapynan ýnemi ýlken qoldau bar.

Memleket basshysy da óz sózinde "Qazaq tilining memlekettik til retindegi róli kýsheyip, últaralyq qatynas tiline ainalatyn kezenge keledi dep esepteymin",- degen bolatyn.

Al, osy qazaq tilining qandastar arasyndaghy mәrtebesi qanday?

Sheteldegi qazaq diasporasynyng sayasi, әleumettik-ekonomikalyq jәne mәdeniy-ruhany qúqyqtary men mýddesin qorghaudyng birqatar ózekti mәseleleri qordalanghan. Qazaq diasporasy ómir sýretin elderding týrli ústanymdaryna qaray qazaq tilin oqytu júmysy ózgerip otyrady. Atajúrttan alystaghy qandastarymyzdy ana tilimizding jaghdayy alandatady. Qazaq tilin ýirenudegi týrli qiyndyqtar sheteldegi diaspora ókilderining basty mәselesine ainalghan. 

Álbette, qazaq diasporasy ózderi ómir sýretin memleketterde sol elding jalpy sayasi, mәdeny qúndylyqtarymen meylinshe integrasiyalanghan jaghdayda ómir sýredi. Ózderi qonystanghan elding memlekettik tilin mengerip, sol elding jalpy qúndylyqtaryn moyyndaghan. Eshbir elde shetelderdegi qazaq diasporasy arasynda separatisttik pighyldaghy nemese memleketting resmy iydeologiyasyna jәne sayasatyna qarsy baghyttalghan oppozisiyalyq әreketter bayqalmaydy. Keyingi jyldary «Otandastar qory» tarapynan jýrgizilgen is-saparlar nәtiyjesinde shetelderdegi qazaq diasporasynyng ózekti mәseleleri, onyng ishinde qazaq tilining jay-kýii tikeley zerttelip, taldau jýrgizildi. 

Ár elding jaghdayyna qatysty aqparattargha taldau júmystary berilmesten búryn qazaq diasporasynyng ana tili tónireginde tómendegidey mәseleleri boyynsha jalpy qorytyndy jýrgizilgen. Olar: qazaq mektepterining jay-kýii; qazaqsha oqytatyn kurstardyng jaghdayy; qazaq tilin ýiretetin oqu-әdistemelik qúraldarmen qamtamasyz etu; joghary oqu oryndarynda qazaq tili men әdebiyeti mamandyghy boyynsha kadrlar dayarlau; joghary oqu oryndarynda qazaq mektepterine pedagog kadrlar dayarlau; qazaq tilinde gazet-jurnal basyp shygharudyng jaghdayy; qazaq tilindegi radio, teledidar baghdarlamalarynyng jaghdayy; qazaq tilinde qazaqstandyq radio jәne teleónimderding ózge elderde taratylu jaghdayy edi. 

Qazaq mektepterining jaghdayy. Býginde shetelderdegi qazaq diasporalary arasynda Ózbekstan men Mongholiyada ghana qazaq mektepteri bar. Qytaydaghy qazaq mektepteri 2010 jylghy bilim salasyndaghy reformadan keyin aralas mektepterge ainalyp, negizgi dәrister qazaq tilinde emes, qytay tilinde jýrgizile bastady. Dәl osynday tendensiya Mongholiyada da bayqalady. Mongholiyanyng Bayan-Ólgey aimaghynda ghana qazaq mektebi bar. Jalpy 43 mektepting 5 ghana qazaq mektebi, qalghan 38 aralas mektep oqushylargha bilim beredi. Qazaq mektepterinde pәnderdi birynghay qazyq tilinde oqytu toqtatylghan.

Qazaq diasporasynyng ana tilinde bilim aluyna barynsha jaghday jasap otyrghan el – Ózbekstan. 2019 jylghy statistika boyynsha Ózbekstandaghy qazaq mektepterining jalpy sany – 372. Salystyrmaly týrde alyp qaraytyn bolsaq, Ózbek elinde tәuelsizdik alghan 1991 jyly 550 qazaq mektebi bolghan. Qaraqalpaqstan Respublikasynda – 168 aralas mektep, Búhara oblysynda – 11, Nauay oblysynda – 56,  Jizaq oblysynda – 4,  Syrdariya oblysynda – 4, Tashkent oblysynda – 127, Horezm oblysynda – 1, Tashkent qalasynda – 1 qazaq mektebi bilim beru qyzmetimen ainalysady. Degenmen, etnikalyq qazaqtar túratyn Ózbekstannyng ózge oblystarynda Andijan, Qashqardariya, Namangan, Samarqand, Súrhandariya, Ferghana oblystarynda qazaq mektepteri joq. Óitkeni, qazaq mektepterin, qazaq synyptaryn ashatyn bala sany jetkilikti emes jәne qajetti kadrlar jetispeydi. Ózbekstanda jyl ótken sayyn qazaq mektepterining sany azangda. Múnyng birqatar sayasi, ekonomikalyq, demografiyalyq sebepteri bar. 

Ózbekstandyq qazaqtar arasynda balalaryn jappay ózbek mektepterine beru tendensiyasy beleng alghan. Sebebi, qazaq jәne orys mektebine barghan balalar latyn emes, kirill әlipbiyine jatyq bolady. Al qazaqsha oqu-әdistemelik materialdardyng barlyghy kirill әlipbiyinde. Ózbek mektepteri barlyq pәnderdi týgeldey latyn әlipbiyimen oqytady. Qazaqtar balalarynyng mektep bitirgende joghary oqu oryndaryna týsu mýmkindigi azayady dep alandaydy. Osynyng saldarynan qazaq mektepteri jabyluda. 

Taghy bir sebep, enbekke qabiletti orta jastaghy nemese jas etnikalyq qazaqtar Qazaqstangha kóshude. Búl da mektepterding tiyisti bala sanymen qamtamasyz etilmey jabyluyna jol ashty. 

Bastauysh, negizgi orta, jalpy orta bilim beru mekemelerinde qazaq tilinde bilim beru Qaraqalpaqstan Respublikasynda ghana qanaghattanarlyq dengeyde. Qaraqalpaqstan Respublikasyndaghy qazaq mektepteri kadrlyq jәne oqu-әdistemelik túrghydan qamtylghan. Ózbekstan Respublikasynyng bastauysh jәne jalpy orta bilim beru salasynyng standarttary boyynsha oqulyqtarmen qamtylghan. 

Qaraqalpaqstandaghy jergilikti instituttarda qazaq tilinde bilim beretin fakulitetterden basqa Ózbekstanda Nizamy atyndaghy Tashkent pedagogikalyq uniyversiytetinde, Syrdariya oblysyndaghy Gýlistan memlekettik uniyversiyteti ghana qazaq tilinde pedagog kadrlar dayarlaydy.

Qoryta kelgende, Ózbekstandaghy etnikalyq qazaqtardyng ana tilinde bilim aluy, últtyq-mәdeny qúndylyqtaryn nasihattap, janghyrtuy túrghysynan kóptegen týitkildi súraqtar bar. Búl mәselelerding basym bóligi Ózbekstannyng etnosaralyq ishki sayasatyna tәueldi faktorlar bolsa, birqatary Qazaqstan tarapynan sheshimin tabatyn mәseleler. 

Qazaqsha oqytatyn kurstardyng jaghdayy. Qazaq mektepteri joq elderde qazaq tilin oqytu kurstarynyng tiyimdiligi joghary. Qazaq diasporasy ókilderinin, atap aitqanda jastardyng qazaq tilin bastauysh dengeyde bolsyn ýirenuine mýmkindik beretin dәl osynday kurstar. Qazaq tili kursy AQSh, Europa, Týrkiya, Iran sekildi elder ýshin asa manyzdy. 

«Otandastar qorynyn» qyzmetkerleri 2019 jyly 24-29 tamyz aralyghynda AQSh-taghy etnikalyq qazaqtardyng ómirimen jaqynnan tanysu ýshin arnayy is-sapar úiymdastyrdy. Sapar ayasynda Niu-York, Chikago, Hiuston, San-Fransisko jәne Boston qalalaryndaghy qazaq diasporasynyng ókilderimen kezdesuler ótti.

AQSh-tyng týrli qalalarynda onnan astam qazaq diasporasynyng mәdeny birlestikteri men ortalyqtary júmys isteydi. Atalghan ortalyqtarda qazaq tili kurstary demeushilik qarajat esebinen qyzmet atqarady. Múghalimder de kóbine erikti týrde, tegin ýiretedi. 

Negizgi súranys – qazaq tilindegi oqulyq kitap, mulitfilim, bilim beru baghdarlamalary jәne birlesken is-sharalardy ótkizuge qarjylyq qoldau kórsetu.

AQSh-taghy etnikalyq qazaqtar arasynda últtyq, mәdeny qúndylyqtardy janghyrtyp, nasihattaugha degen ynta-yqylas bar. Basym kópshiligi ana tilin úmytpaugha tyrysady. Ásirese, qandastarymyz AQSh-ta tughan balalarynyng qazaq tili men mәdeniyetin, salt-dәstýrin bilgenin qalaydy. 

Batys Europa elderi men Týrkiyada ómir sýretin qazaqtardyng azshylyq retinde qúqyqtary tolyqtay kepildikke alynghan. Etnikalyq, tildik, mәdeny jәne diny túrghydan qúqyqtaryn jýzege asyrugha eshqanday kedergi joq. Qazaq tilin ýirenude birqatar mәseleler bar. 

Birinshiden, qazaqtar әsirese, jas buyn ókilderining kópshiligi qazaq tilin bilmeydi. Múnyng sebebi, qazaqsha oqytatyn kәsiby mamandar men latyn әlipbiyindegi oqu qúraldarynyng jetispeushiligi bolyp otyr. Osy elderde qúrylghan Qazaq mәdeny ortalyqtary óz mýmkinshilikterimen erikti týrde qazaqsha ýiretetin múghalimderdi jaldap, týrli jas toptaryndaghy qazaqtargha qazaqsha kurstar úiymdastyryp oqytuda. Múghalimder erikti negizde oqytatyndyqtan jәne qazaq tilin oqytudyng kәsiby mamany bolmaghandyqtan kurstar әuesqoy ýirenu, auyzeki sóileu, sóz jattaudan ary asa almaydy. 

Ekinshiden, qazaqtardyng latyn әlipbiyinde qazaqsha kitaptar, qazaq әdebiyetin oqu mýmkindigi shekteuli. Osynyng nәtiyjesinde últtyq әdebiyetti ana tilinde oqyp bilu mýmkindikteri shektelip otyr. 

Iran qazaqtarynyng basym bóligi auyzeki tilde qazaqsha sóiley alady. Ásirese, jasy 40-tan asqan azamattardyng týgelge juyghy qazaqsha sóiley alady. Jalpy Iranda qoghamdyq oryndarda parsy tilinen basqa tilde sóilesuge tiym salynghan. Balabaqsha, mektep, joghary oqu oryndarynda arnayy til mamandyqtaryna parsyshadan ózge tilde bilim berilmeydi. Degenmen, osyghan qaramastan irandyq qazaqtardyng ana tilderin úmytpauy erekshe jaghday. Múnyng birqatar әleumettik-mәdeny sebepteri bar.

Birinshiden, Iran qazaqtary әrqaysysy әrjaqta shashyrap emes, qalalardaghy móltekaudandarda bir-birine jaqyn qonystanghan. Aralarynda әlige deyin tyghyz tuystyq qatynas bar. Osy sebepten, qazaqtar әsirese agha buyn ókilderi bir-birimen qazaqsha sóilesedi. 

Ekinshiden, qazaqtar balalaryn balabaqshagha bermeydi. Mektep jasyna jetkenshe balalar ýide qazaqsha sóileskendikten tili men bastapqy oiy qazaqsha qalyptasady. 

Ýshinshiden, irandyq qazaqtardyng jasy ýlkenderi aghayyn-tuys arasynda aqsaqal retinde ýlken qúrmetke iye, sol sebepti jas buyngha ýnemi qazaqtyng tili men dәstýrin jas úrpaqtyng jadyn shegelep otyratyn funksiyany mýltiksiz oryndauda. 

Tórtinshiden, Iran ýkimeti qoghamdyq oryndarda parsy tili men mәdeniyetin mindettegenimen, otbasy men halyq ishindegi mәdeny әrkelkilikke barynsha tolerantty. Múnday toleranttylyq tipten irandyq evreylerge de tanylghanyn atap ótken jón. 

Besinshiden, irandyq qazaqtardyng etnos retinde bolmysyn joghaltpaugha degen diasporalyq ózin-ózi qorghau týisigi asa kýshti. 

Altynshydan, qazaqtar arasynda parsylarmen jәne ózge últ ókilderimen aralas neke mýldem joqqa tәn. Múnyng basty sebebi, qazaqtardyng sunnny Hanafy mәzhabyn qatang ústanuynan tuyndauda. Osynyng nәtiyjesinde otbasynda balalardyng tili qazaqsha shyghyp otyr. 

Iran qazaqtary arasynda, onyng ishinde jas buynnyng qazaqsha ýirenuge degen ynta-yqylasy mol. Degenmen, kóptegen qordalanghan mәselelerdi taldap kórsetken jón. 

Birinshiden, Iranda mektepter tek prasy tilinde oqytylyp, arab әlipbiyinde jazylatyndyqtan Qazaqstannan elshilik arqyly keletin kirill nemese latyn әlipbiyindegi oqu qúraldary kóbinese paydagha jaramaydy. 

Ekinshiden, qazaqsha kәsiby túrghydan oqytatyn kurstar men ortalyqtar mýldem joq. 

Ýshinshiden, Iranda Qazaq mәdeny ortalyghy әlige deyin qúryla almauda. Islam revolusiyasynan keyin irandyq qazaqtar ashyq týrde qazaq mәdeny ortalyghyn qúru turaly ýkimetke ótinish bildirgenimen әli kýnge deyin ýkimetten rúqsat bermegen. 

Tórtinshiden, irandyq qazaqtar qazaqstandyq sputniktik teleradio baghdarlamalaryn kóru mýmkindigi joq. Qazaq tilinde birde-bir gazet, jurnal, kitap jariyalanbaydy. Qazaqstannan kelgen kitaptar kirill әlipbii bolghandyqtan kópshilik oqy almaydy. 

Besinshiden, irandyq qazaq jastaryn arnayy kvotamen Qazaqstanda oqytu mәselesi jýieli týrde jolgha qoyylmaghan. 

«Otandastar qory» KEAQ preziydentining kenesshisi Didar Bolat

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