KSRO-da «proletarlyq internasionalizm» bolghan joq. KSRO-nyng býkil tarihy - búl etnosaralyq qatynastardaghy keskinsizdik pen deformasiyalardyng tarihy. KSRO-da internasionalizm bolghan joq, biraq is jýzinde antiysemitizm, úlyderjavalyq shovinizm boldy.

KSRO ómir sýrgen týrli tarihy kezenderde belgili bir ksenofobiyalyq tendensiyalar memlekettik sayasattyng sipatyna ie boldy. Shyndyghynda, «proletarlyq internasionalizm» - búl jalghan kommunistik úran, odan basqa eshtene joq. Eger ony qazaq tiline audarsaq, әr týrli últtardyng «júmysshylarynyng bauyrlastyghyn» bildiredi.

Biraq 1940 jyly KSRO Finlyandiyagha shabuyl jasaghan kezde, kenestik proletariatty findik proletariat avtomatpen qarsy alyp, olarmen bauyrlastyqqa barghylary kelmegen. Sonymen birge KSRO qúramyndaghy halyqtar - sheshender, ingushter, koreyler, nemister, bolgarlar, grekter, qalmaqtar, qyrym tatarlary – barlyghy stalindik qughyn-sýrginge jәne mәjbýrli deportasiyagha úshyraghan kezde «proletarlyq internasionalizm» men «halyqtar dostyghynyn» kýshin óz bastarynan ótkizdi.

KSRO-da kýndelikti túrmystyq dengeyde «halyqtar dostyghy» degen úghym kenes armiyasy qaruynyng kýshimen ghana ómir sýrdi. Kommunistik memleketting tútqasy bosaghan sәtte-aq, últaralyq qandy qaqtyghystar bastaldy: Oshtaghy ózbekter men qyrghyzdar arasyndaghy qyrghyn, armyan-әzerbayjan qaqtyghysy, Pridnestrovie t.b. KSRO qúlady, óitkeni onda eshqanday internasionalizm bolmaghan edi.

1986 jyly 15 jeltoqsanda Almatygha KOKP OK mýshesi G. Razumovskiy jәne Uliyanovsk oblystyq partiya komiytetining birinshi hatshysy G. Kolbin keldi. 16 jeltoqsanda Qazaqstan Kompartiyasy Ortalyq Komiytetining Plenumynda Kolbin joghary partiya organdarynyng respublikalyq birinshi hatshy qyzmetine úsynys jariyalady. Qazaqstandaghy partiyalyq elitalar «talqylausyz» dauys berdi, sóitip, partiyanyng barlyq normalary men jarghysyn búza otyryp, Qazaqstanmen baylanysy joq jәne jergilikti jaghdaylardy bilmeytin, jergilikti jerde tirkelmegen adam respublikanyng basshysy bolyp saylandy. Búl qazaq halqyn basynu retinde qabyldandy jәne narazylyq tughyzdy.

1986 jylghy 17-18 jeltoqsanda Almaty qalasynyng jastary respublikanyng jәne respublika azamattarynyng mýddelerin eskermeuge qarsy narazylyqqa shyqty. Demonstrasiya beybit boldy, memleketke qarsy nemese ýkimetke qarsy úrandar bolghan joq, azamattar ózderining konstitusiyalyq qúqyghyn paydalandy, biraq biylik dialogqa barghysy kelmegen. Terror men repressiyagha jýginip, demonstranttargha qarsy әsker men milisiya jiberdi. Osylaysha, Konstitusiya men Kenes zandary qaytadan óreskel búzyldy.

Biylik temir dubinkalarmen jәne saper kýrektermen qarulanghan әsker men milisiyany, kәsiporyndardyng orys tildi júmysshylarynan qúralghan otryadtardy qazaq jastaryna qarsy qoydy. Keybir mәlimetter boyynsha, 17-18 jeltoqsandaghy qayghyly oqighalar kezinde 150-den astam adam qaza tapqan. Almatyda 540 adam medisinalyq mekemelerge, 200-den astamy auruhanagha týsken, 1700-den astam adam týrli jaraqattar alghan.

Demonstrasiyany taratu ýshin saper kýrekter, qyzmettik itter qoldanyldy, adamdardy suyqta sugha batyryp, ústalghandardy úryp-soghyp, jartylay jalanash kóp adam qala syrtyna shygharyldy. Búl habar býkil Qazaqstandy dýrliktirdi, osyghan úqsas narazylyqtar respublikanyng kóptegen qalalarynda da ótkizilip, biylik basyldy.

Halyq kóterilisining qandy basuy qatygez repressiyamen ayaqtaldy. 900-ge juyq adam әkimshilik jazagha tartyldy, 99 adam sottaldy, onyng ishinde týrmede qaytys bolghan 18 jastaghy Q. Rysqúlbekov. Tek elordada joghary oqu oryndarynan 264 adam, komsomoldan 758 adam, partiyadan 52 adam shygharyldy. Komsomoldyq jәne partiyalyq jazalar 1400-ge juyq adamgha qoldanyldy. Ishki ister organdarynan 1200 adam, kólik jәne medisinalyq mekemelerden 300 adam júmystan shygharyldy. Uniyversiytetting 12 rektory qyzmetinen ketti. Tergeu men sot proseduralyq erejelerdi óreskel búzdy. Biylik Stalinnen keyingi kezende búryn-sondy bolmaghan últtyq intelliygensiyany qudalaudy bastady.

1987 jyldyng basynda KOKP OK qarar qabyldady, onda 1986 jylghy oqigha «qazaq últshyldyghynyn» kórinisi dep jariyalandy. 1987 jyly júmys oryndaryna jәne joghary oqu oryndaryna týsuge payyzdyq kvotalar engizu praktikasy azamattardyng últtyq qúramyna qaramastan tendigining konstitusiyalyq prinsipterin búzu bolyp tabylady.

G.Kolbinning internasionalizm jәne qazaq tilin ýirenu qajettiligi turaly demagogiyalyq mәlimdemesi bilimge qol jetimdilikting jabyluyna jәne bayyrghy túrghyndardyng bedeldi júmysyna, «últshyldar» men «jemqor sheneunikterdi» izdeumen qatar jýrdi. Soghan qaramastan, 1986 jylghy Almatydaghy Jeltoqsan oqighasy býkil Kenes Odaghynyng sayasy ómirin demokratiyalandyrudyng katalizatory bolghanyn jәne KSRO halyqtary ýshin de, býkil әlem ýshin de tarihy manyzy baryn atap ótken jón. Sonymen qatar, búl búrynghy KSRO aumaghynda qalyptasqan sayasy jýiege qarsy alghashqy demokratiyalyq kóterilis boldy, ol qazaq halqynyng tәuelsizdik pen egemendikke qol jetkizuine jol ashty.

Hrushev ana tilin ýirenuding erikti ekenin jariyalady, sodan keyin Brejnev rusifikasiya sayasatynda taghy bir qadam jasady - ol orys tilin últtyq respublikalar ýshin memleketaralyq til ghana emes, respublikalardyng ózderi men túrghyndary ýshin memlekettik til dep jariyalady.

Jana tarih tújyrymdamasyna sýiene otyryp, kenestik tarihshylardy orys emes halyqtardyng býkil tarihyn qayta jazugha mәjbýr etken Brejnev basshylyghy boldy. Jana tarihy tújyrymdama tek antiy-ghylymy ghana emes, sonymen qatar antiy-tarihy boldy.

Jogharyda atalghan ýsh tújyrymdamanyng negizin qúraytyn ýsh qaghida úsynyldy:

birinshi qaghida - barlyq orys emes halyqtar patshalyq imperiyagha ózderi erikti týrde qosyldy;

ekinshi qaghida - búghan qarsy túrghan últ-azattyq qozghalystar reaksiyalyq qozghalystar boldy;

ýshinshi qaghida - búl halyqtardyng eski patsha imperiyasyna enui olar ýshin tarihy progressivti әreket boldy.

KSRO-nyng qúryluynyng 60 jyldyghyna arnalghan bayandamasynda Andropov barlyq últtardyng bir últqa birigui turaly bolishevizmning eski utopiyalyq teziysin ózining últtyq baghdarlamasynyng ortalyq nýktesi etip, Leninning ózi kóp últty Reseydi basqarghan kezde qabyldaghan teziysin jasady. Alayda, ol qaytys bolghannan keyin, Stalin men onyng múragerleri osy «alghashqy leninizmge» oraldy.

Tәuelsiz Qazaqstan 1991 jyldan bastap, elimizding N.Á.Nazarbaevtyng basshylyghymen respublikadaghy últtyq mәselege nemese últaralyq qatynastargha ýlken jәne bayypty nazar audardy.

Qazaqstan Respublikasyndaghy memlekettik últtyq sayasattyng negizgi konstitusiyalyq prinsipteri:

- últtyq sayasatty jýzege asyruda sheshushi ról atqaratyn etnikaaralyq qatynastar salasyndaghy negizgi baghyttardy eskeru;

- nәsiline, últyna, tiline, dinine, әleumettik toptargha jәne qoghamdyq birlestikterge mýsheligine qaramastan adam men azamattyng teng qúqyqtary men bostandyqtary;

- azamattardyng qúqyqtaryn әleumettik, nәsildik, últtyq, tildik nemese diny kózqarastargha baylanysty shekteuding kez kelgen nysandaryna tyiym salu;

- respublikanyng tarihy qalyptasqan tútastyghyn saqtau;

- Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Konstitusiyasyna, jalpygha birdey tanylghan halyqaralyq qúqyq prinsipteri men normalaryna jәne Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng halyqaralyq sharttaryna sәikes Qazaqstanda túratyn halyqtardyng qúqyqtaryna kepildik beru;

- últtyq mәdeniyetter men Qazaqstan Respublikasy halyqtarynyng tilderin damytugha jәrdemdesu;

- qayshylyqtar men qaqtyghystardy uaqtyly jәne beybit jolmen sheshu;

- әleumettik, nәsildik, últtyq jәne diny arazdyqty, óshpendilikti nemese arazdyqty qozdyratyn memleketting qauipsizdigin búzugha baghyttalghan is-әreketterge tyiym salu;

- shetelde Qazaqstan Respublikasy azamattarynyng qúqyqtary men mýddelerin qorghau, shet elderde túratyn otandastargha ana tilin, mәdeniyetin jәne últtyq dәstýrlerin saqtau men damytu, halyqaralyq zannamagha sәikes tarihy otandarymen baylanysyn nyghaytu.

Qazirgi uaqytta osy qaghidalardyng barlyghy jýzege asyryluda. Memlekettik últtyq sayasattyng negizgi qaghidattary - barlyq últtyq jәne diny toptardyng ókilderine teng qúqyqtar jәne barlyq konfessiyalardyng qyzmeti ýshin qolayly jaghdaylar jasau.

Biraq búl mәjbýr emes. Kez-kelgen basqa eldegidey, birqatar faktorlarmen baylanysty. Kóptegen sarapshylardyng pikiri boyynsha, kóshi-qonnyng basty sebebi - ekonomikalyq komponent boldy jәne bolyp qala beredi. Jasyratyny joq, keybir adamdar Qazaqstandy Reseyding jalghasy jәne uaqytsha túrghylyqty jer dep sanaghan, sondyqtan oghan ruhany baylanbaghan adamdar ketip jatty. KSRO ydyraghannan keyin búl adamdar yqtimal emigranttargha ainaldy.

Qazaqstanmen birge ósip, ony óz Otany dep sanaytyn orystar osynda qaldy. Olardyng mentaliyteti reseylik orys mentaliytetinen mýldem ózgeshe, sondyqtan múnday adamdar, eger Reseyge ketse da, kóbi Qazaqstangha qaytyp kelude.

Osyghan baylanysty, Qazaqstanda songhy 29 jyl ishinde etnikalyq nemese diny sebepter boyynsha birde-bir sayasy jappay qaqtyghys bolghan joq. Mindetti týrde tәuelsiz Qazaqstannyng alghashqy zannamalyq aktilerinde etnikalyq nemese diny shyghu tegine qaramastan barlyghynyng teng qúqyqtary men bostandyqtaryn qamtamasyz etetin, barlyq azamattardyng azamattyq jәne sayasy qauymdastyghyna negizdelgen qúqyqtyq baza qúryldy dep aitugha bolady.

Qazaqstannyng jýrgizip otyrghan etnosaralyq sayasatynyng tәjiriybesi әlemdik qoghamdastyq tarapynan joghary baghalandy jәne halyqtyng kóp etnikalyq qúramy bizge úqsas elderding qyzyghushylyghyn oyatty. Qazaqstan halyqaralyq qoghamdastyqta Qazaqstanda túratyn barlyq últ ókilderining toleranttylyqty, konfessiyaaralyq jәne mәdeniyetaralyq kelisimdi qamtamasyz etuge baghyttalghan dәiekti ishki sayasat jýrgizetin el retinde tanylady jәne Qazaqstannyng birtútas halqy - qazirgi zamanghy jәne bәsekege qabiletti zayyrly memleketti belsendi qúryp jatqan halyqty bildiredi.

Qazaqstan Respublikasy últtyq mәsele salasyndaghy kenestik tәjiriybeni eskere otyryp, etnosaralyq qatynastar salasyndaghy memlekettik sayasatyn aiqyndady. túraqty beybitshilik, kelisim jәne dostyq әlemdik memleketterding biri retinde biledi.

Kerimsal Júbatqanov,

Tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty

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