Derbes memleket, Tәuelsiz el retinde últtyq mýdde men qúndylyqtargha qatysty әreketterde jigerli júmys isteytin uaqyt jetti. Osy uaqytqa deyin patsha ýkimetining jәne kenestik sayasattyng toponimika salasyna tiygizgen zardabynan tolyq aiygha almaghanymyz, tarihy jer-su ataularynyng qalpyna kelmeui, iydeologiyalyq jaghynan eskirgen ataulardyng әli kýnge ózgeruining shabandyghy eldigimizge syn. Mysaly, Soltýstik Qazaqstan oblysyndaghy eldi meken atauynyng mólshermen 65%-i, Qostanay oblysyndaghy eldimeken atauynyng 60%-i, Pavlodar oblysyndaghy eldi meken atauynyng 39,3%-i – kenes zamanynda orys tilinde qalyptasqan ne sol kezdegi sayasy oqighalargha baylanysty qoyylghan ataular.

Búl jaghday birqatar basqa da ónirlerge de qatysty.

Nege búlay boldy? Resey patshasynyng otarlau sayasaty jýrgizilgenge deyin de osynau sayyn dalany býgingi qazaq últyn, memleketining negizin qúraghan rular men taypalar meken etkeni tarihtan belgili. Odan aryda qazaq tarihynyng bólinbes bólshegi, arghy tegi men týp atasy bolyp tabylatyn Saq, Ýisin, Ghún, Týrki, Qypshaq, Maghol, Qanly, taghy basqa әlemge tanymal órkeniyet iyesi bolghan babalar osy dalada ómir sýrdi, әr taugha, saygha, kólge, ózenge atau berdi. Nege sol ataular óship, ornyn otarlaushylar bergen ataular ómirsheng bolugha tiyis? Tәuelsiz el retinde tarihy aqtandaqtardaghy әdiletsizdikter turaly ashyp aitu, tarihy ataulardy baghzy túmsa qalpyna keltiru mindet.

Ataulardy auystyru júmystaryna qatysty bir aita ketetin mәsele, jergilikti әkimdikter bayyrgha ataularyn zerttep, qaytarudan góri sol ónirge tanymal kisi attaryn tyqpalaugha beyim bolyp barady. Osy orayda tarihy onomastikalyq ataulardy qalypqa keltiru, jýielendiru, qazirgi Qazaqstan aumaghyndaghy toponimderding diahrondyq kartasyn әzirleuding manyzy erekshe.

Búl orayda ataulardy retteu, ózining bayyrghy ataularyn qaytaru maqsatynda iydeologiyalyq túrghydan eskirgen ataulardy tarihy jer-su ataulary men últtyq tanymgha jaqyn basqa ataularmen almastyru boyynsha Elbasynyng 2017 jylghy, Preziydent Qasym- Jomart Toqaevtyng 2019 jylghy atalghan tapsyrmany odan әri jalghastyru, onomastika salasyndaghy júmystardy retteu jónindegi tapsyrmasy da bar ekenin eske salghym keledi.

Osy maqsatta Til sayasaty komiyteti 2020 jyly «Tarihiy-diahroniyalyq әdisti qoldanu arqyly onomastikalyq ataulardy jýielendiru qyzmeti» jobasyn qolgha alghan. Respublikadaghy onomastikalyq qyzmetti retke keltiruding negizgi ghylymy dәiekterin basshylyqqa ala otyryp, jer-su ataularyna qatysty tarihy derekterdi ghylymy ainalymgha týsiru jәne tarihy onomastikalyq ataulardy qalypqa keltiru, jýielendiru, qazirgi Qazaqstan aumaghyndaghy toponimderding diahrondyq kartasyn әzirleu arqyly toponimderding ózgeru dinamikasyn kórsetu әri birizdendiru baghytyn ústanghan ghalymdar birshama is tyndyrdy.

Aldaghy 6 jyl ishinde barlyq oblystar qamtylyp, qorytyndysynda respublikamyzdyng 3D tarihiy-diahrondyq kartasyn jasap shygharu josparlanghan jobany jýzege asyru júmysy biylghy jyly Soltýstik Qazaqstan, Qaraghandy oblystarynan bastaldy. Ýstimizdegi jyldyng nauryz aiynan bastap iske kirisken jobanyng 6 adamnan túratyn ghylymiy-zertteu tobyna HVIII- HH gh. aralyghyndaghy jer-su ataularynyng toponimikasyn aiqyndau, qazirgi toponimderding ózgerui men qayta atalu dinamikasyn anyqtau, toponimning qalyptasu kezenin anyqtaudaghy jer-su ataulary men ekstralingvistikalyq faktorlardyng yqpalyn aiqyndau, zertteu nәtiyjesimen qazirgi toponimderding elektrondy kartasynyng jobasyn әzirleu mindeti qoyylghan edi.

Osy júmystardyng nәtiyjesi boyynsha Til sayasaty komiyteti 8 jeltoqsanda onlayn seminar ótkizip, onda ghalymdar bayandama jasady, qoyylghan mindetterding oryndalu jayy tyndalyp, talqylandy.

Onlayn-seminargha toponimika, onomastika mәselelerimen ainalysyp jýrgen lingvist ghalymdar, ónirlerdegi Til sayasatymen ainalysatyn basqarma basshylary men sala mamandary qatysty. Seminardyng maqsaty – Soltýstik Qazaqstan, Qaraghandy oblystary toponimderining tarihy derekterin ghylymy ainalymgha týsiru jәne tarihy onomastikalyq ataulardy qalypqa keltiru, jýielendiru júmystaryn qorytyndylau.

Joba jetekshisi S.Seyfullin atyndaghy QazATU professory, filologiya ghylymdarynyng doktory Sәule Imanberdiyeva búl zertteu jobasynyng nәtiyjesi ne ýshin qajet degen súraqqa jauap izdedi. Ghalymnyng aituynsha: «Eng aldymen, әr oblys boyynsha jinaqtargha keletin bolsaq, mәselen, osy biyl әzirlenip baspagha dayyndalyp jatqan Soltýstik Qazaqstan jәne Qaraghandy oblystarynyng toponimikasy boyynsha 2 seriyamen jinaq jaryqqa shyghady. Ár oblys boyynsha toponim týrleri (kól, ózen, batpaq, jol, orman, mola, eldi meken, tau, qala) olardyng shyghu tegi ghylymy túrghydan zerdelengen. Ár oblysta neshe kól, ózen, eldi meken, qala t.b. boyynsha statistikasy jýrgizilgen. Shyghu tegi boyynsha neshe atau kisi esiminen qalyptasqan, neshe nysan jәne onyng manyndaghy nysan ereksheligi turaly aqparat beru negizinde qalyptasqan, neshe atau iydeologiyalyq mәnde, nesheui beytarap ataular degen siyaqty súraqtardyng da jauaby anyqtalady. Sonymen birge, diahroniyalyq túrghydan HV-HIH ghgh., kenes ýkimeti, tәuelsizdik kezeninen bastap neshe atau ózgerdi, ataular qalay ózgerdi, ózgeru uәji qanday degen saualdargha da jauaby aiqyndalady».

Sh.Uәlihanov atyndaghy Tarih jәne etnologiya institutynyng diyrektory, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory, júmys tobynyng mýshesi Ziyabek Qabyldinov óz bayandamasynda Qazaqstan men Reseyding arhivterinde, múrajaylary men kitaphanalarynda Qazaq jerin otarlau tarihyna, atap aitqanda, XVIII-XX ghasyrlar, kenestik biylikting alghashqy onjyldyqtaryna qatysty kóptegen qúndy kartalar jinaqtalghanyna toqtaldy.

«Shygharylghan kartalardy syny taldau sol dәuirding qoldanystaghy jәne ózgerip jatqan toponimikasyndaghy qazaq tilindegi tarihy ataularyn keng ghylymy ainalymgha engizuge mýmkindik beredi jәne Qazaqstannyng Resey imperiyasyna jana kezende qosylu tarihynyng kóptegen aspektilerin, sonday-aq ónirding etnikalyq kartasynyng ózgeruin týsindiruge kómektesedi. Basyp shygharylghan orys, qytay, arab, parsy derekkózderine, sonday-aq qazaq foliklorlyq shygharmalaryna qosymsha retinde úsynylyp otyrghan kartalar jinaghy negizinen reseylik bolyp tabylady, zertteushilerdi Qaraghandy jәne Soltýstik Qazaqstan oblystarynyng aumaghyndaghy etnikalyq jәne toponimikalyq kartanyng ózgerui boyynsha qúndy tarihy derektermen qamtamasyz etetindigi anyq», – dep tújyrymdady ghalym óz pikirin.

Búdan basqa Sh.Shayahmetov atyndaghy «Til-Qazyna» últtyq ghylymiy-praktikalyq ortalyghy Terminologiya jәne onomastika basqarma basshysy Baqytgýl Ysqaq bayandama jasap, biyl nauryz aiynan bastau alghan jobanyng 6 adamnan túratyn ghylymiy-zertteu toby atqarghan júmystargha jan-jaqty taldau jasady.

Seminar júmysy barysynda ghalymdar tarapynan tómendegidey úsynystar aityldy.

1. Elimiz boyynsha bayyrghy ataulardy anyqtau, zerdeleu, jýieleu júmysyn jýrgizu ýshin onomastikalyq ekspedisiyalyq top qúrylsyn;

2. Ótken ghasyrlarda әrtýrli maqsatpen zertteushiler, topograftar kelip qazaq jerining sol kezdegi ataularyn kórsete otyryp hatqa, kartagha týsirgeni mәlim. Sol kartalardy tabugha jәne aldyrugha, ondaghy mәlimetterdi paydalana otyryp jer ataularynyng ejelgi kartasyn, qayta jasaudy, ataularyn qayta janghyrtudy qolgha alu júmystary jýrgizilsin;

3. Jer ataularyna qatysty zertteuler, ekspedisiyalar barysynda jer-su ataularyna qatysty mifologiya, anyz-әngimeler jinaqtalyp, zerdelensin;

4. Arhivterdegi jer-su ataularynyng ózgerui turaly hattamalar qory tizbesi bar. Osy materialdar bolashaqta elektrondy núsqada nemese ýlken tirajben basyp shygharyp ónirlerge jetkizilsin;

5. Ónirlerde jer-su ataularyn tarihy qalpyna qaytaru ýshin әleumet arasynda týsindiru, aqparattyq-nasihat sharalar ayasy keneytilsin;

6. Onomastikany jýieleu, vizualdy beynesin jasau, elektrondy –beynelik karta jasau barysynda bilikti IT mamandardy jobagha tartu júmystary qolgha alynsyn.

Búl – Qazaq Eli. Qazaq jeri. Olay bolsa qazaqtyng barlyq eldi mekenderi, tauy, tasy, suy, nuy týgeldey qazaqsha atalugha tiyis. Qazaq memleketining altyn túghyry – qazaq jerinen qazaqtyng iyisi anqyp túrugha tiyis.

Ádilbek Qaba

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