Álemde shettegi óz qandastaryn elge shaqyrushy elder sanauly ghana. Álem elderi arasynda óz qandastaryn elge shaqyryp qonystandyruda  Germaniya , Izraili jәne Qazaqstan   basqalargha ýlgi elder retinde aitylady. Búl ýsheui shettegi óz otandastaryn elge túraqty túrugha shaqyrsa, al Polisha, Grekiya, Chehiya sekildi memleketter sheteldegi óz otandastaryn uaqytsha túrugha shaqyratyn tәjiriybesi bar. Kenes odaghy ydyraghannan keyin Litva, Latviya jәne Estoniya sekildi Baltyq jaghalauy elderi, Resey jәne Qazaqstan etnikalyq kóshi-qon mәselesin ózining strategiyalyq manyzdy mәselelerining biri retinde atap, iske asyra bastady. Etnikalyq kóshi-qon sayasatyn jýzege asyrushy osy elder, shettegi qandastaryn elge kóshirudi ózderining basty maqsaty jәne moralidyq boryshy sanady. Mysaly, Finlyandiya Stalin búiryghymen 1944 jyly deportasiyagha úshyraghan finderdi izdestirudi, elge qaytarudy ózining moralidyq boryshy sanasa, Polisha Kenes odaghy ydyraghannan keyin «Shyghysta qalyp qoyghan aghayyndaryn» izdestirip, olargha birinshi kezekte ruhany kómek kórsetudi ózining basty paryzy sanady.

Álemde shettegi óz qandastaryn elge shaqyrushy elder sanauly ghana. Álem elderi arasynda óz qandastaryn elge shaqyryp qonystandyruda  Germaniya , Izraili jәne Qazaqstan   basqalargha ýlgi elder retinde aitylady. Búl ýsheui shettegi óz otandastaryn elge túraqty túrugha shaqyrsa, al Polisha, Grekiya, Chehiya sekildi memleketter sheteldegi óz otandastaryn uaqytsha túrugha shaqyratyn tәjiriybesi bar. Kenes odaghy ydyraghannan keyin Litva, Latviya jәne Estoniya sekildi Baltyq jaghalauy elderi, Resey jәne Qazaqstan etnikalyq kóshi-qon mәselesin ózining strategiyalyq manyzdy mәselelerining biri retinde atap, iske asyra bastady. Etnikalyq kóshi-qon sayasatyn jýzege asyrushy osy elder, shettegi qandastaryn elge kóshirudi ózderining basty maqsaty jәne moralidyq boryshy sanady. Mysaly, Finlyandiya Stalin búiryghymen 1944 jyly deportasiyagha úshyraghan finderdi izdestirudi, elge qaytarudy ózining moralidyq boryshy sanasa, Polisha Kenes odaghy ydyraghannan keyin «Shyghysta qalyp qoyghan aghayyndaryn» izdestirip, olargha birinshi kezekte ruhany kómek kórsetudi ózining basty paryzy sanady.

Janadan tәuelsizdigin jariyalaghan Qazaq eli de shettegi qandastaryn elge shaqyrudy, sol arqyly el keregesin keneytudi ózining basty maqsatynyng biri dep tanydy. Búghan Qazaq eli preziydenti N.Nazarbaevtyng baspasóz arqyly shettegi aghayyngha joldaghan aq tilegin aitugha bolady. Áriyne Qazaq eli shettegi aghayynyna «elge oralyndar» dep jay shaqyryp qana qoymay, olardy qonystandyru, azamattyq әperu, mamandy júmyspen qamtu, ýy baspanaly boldyru mәselelerin sheshetin zannama, baghdarlamalardy qabyldap,búghan arnap milliardtaghan tengening qarajattaryn bólgendikten 1991-2011 jyldary Qazaqstangha oralghan qandastar sany 1 millionnan asqan. Kóshi-qon salasynda әli de isteletin júmystar shash etekten. Degenmen «kósh jýre týzeledi» dep atam qazaq aitqanynday qazaq kóshining baghyt baghdary aiqyn. Osy orayda  Izraili, Germaniya, Chehiya sekildi elderding kóshi-qon salasyndaghy keybir tәjiriybelerine toqtaludy jón kórip otyrmyn. Búl  Qazaqstannyng kóshi-qon salasyn basqaratyn azamattardyng da nazarynda bolsa eken degen tilegim bar.

Izraili. 1948 jyly Úlybritaniya jәne AQSh qoldauymen Palestina jerinde Izraili memleketi qúryldy. Osy kýninen bastap әlemdegi iysi evrey barlyq azamatyn elge shaqyrudy basty maqsat etken jas memleket  jeke memleket retindegi túghyryn qatayta týsti. Ekinshi dýniyejýzilik soghysta Gitler 6 mlnday evrey azamattaryn «evrey» bolghandary ýshin qyryp salghany tarihtan belgili. Izraili memleketi әlemde taryday shashyraghan evrey últy ókilderining basyn bir shanyraqqa jinau- ózining túraqtylyghy men qauipsizdigin saqtaudyng basty kepili dep bildi. Sondyqtan etnikalyq kóshi-qon sayasaty memleket sayasaty men ýkimet baghdarlamasynyng eng manyzdysy dep esepteledi. Izraili memleketi qúrylghaly 65 jyl ishinde syrttan 3 mlnday evrey últynyng ókilderi Izrailige qonys audarypty. Búl az ba, kóp pe, egerde búl sandy 20 jylda Qazaqstangha qonys audarghan qazaqtar sanymen salystyrar bolsaq, ekeui úqsas shyghady.

Izrailiding 1950-shy jyly qabyldaghan kóshi-qon zany boyynsha ózining evrey ekendigin dәlәldegen әrbir azamat oleha retinde (oleh-Izrailge qonys audarushy evrey yaghny bizdegi oralman-qazaq mәrtebesi sekildi) Izraili azamattyghyn alady. Osy zang boyynsha  eger sen naghyz evrey bolsang onda otbasy mýshelerinmen birge Izrailige kóship keluge jol ashyq. Tipten ózinning evrey tekti ekenindi nemese anannyng evrey ekenin  dәleldey alsang onda da saghan jol ashyq. 1970-shy jyly qabyldanghan kóshi-qonnyng keneytilgen zany boyynsha evrey janúyasyndaghy evrey tekti emes balalar, nemereler, әielder sonday-aq iudayzm dinin qabyldaghan adamdar Izrailige týpkilikti qonys audara alady.

Izraili memleketining kóshi-qon sayasatyn Immigranttardy beyimdeu ministrligi (Bizdegi Kóshi-qon komiyteti) jәne Evrey agenttigi iske asyrady. Evrey agentigi (Bizdegi Dýniyejýzi qazaqtary qauymdastyghynyng úiymy sekildi) shetelderdegi evreylermen baylanys, qarym-qatynas ornatyp, olardyng Izrailige kóship keluine kerek alghashqy kómekti jasaydy. Atap aitqanda kóshuge qatysty qújat qaghazdardy dayyndau, Izrailige kóship kelgen alghashqy kýnderi kómek kórsetu jәne zandyq kenester berumen ainalysady. Imigranttardy beyimdeu ministrligi arnayy qabyldanghan kóshi-qon baghdarlamasy boyynsha evreylerdi elge birjola qonystandyru, ýi-baspanamen qanymdau, bilim beru, júmys tauyp beru sekildi naqty istermen ainalysady. Býginde ayaday Izraili jerinde jeti million tórt jýz myng evrey tekti halyq baquatty ómir sýredi. Últ qamyn oilaghan evrey oqyghandary men ózining jeke baylyghyn últtyq memleket qúrugha arnaghan kәsipkerlerining әlde neshe úrpaghy Izraili memleketin qalyptastyru jolynda bir ghasyrgha juyq azapty kýrester jýrgizdi. Sonyng arqasynda evreyler joqtan bar etip, memleket qúryp shyqty.

Germaniya. Ekinshi dýniyejýzilik soghysty bastaghan el retinde soghystan qiray jenilip, búrynghy bir memleket ekige, eki bólekshe iydeologiyalyq jýie ústanghan Batys Germaniya (Germaniya Federativtik Respublikasy) jәne Shyghys Germaniya (Germaniya Demokratiyalyq Respublikasy) degen memleketter bolyp bólindi. 1980-shi jyldardyng sonyndaghy Kenes odaghynda bastalghan sayasy reformalar saldarynan eki Germaniya qayta qosylghany belgili. Soghys zardabyn kóp  tartqan el retinde Germaniya jyl sayyn 350-400 myng shetel immigranttaryn alugha mәjbýr jaghdaygha bardy. Búl kóshi-qon ýrdisi 2004 jyly qabyldanghan jana kóshi-qon zany boyynsha retteledi.

Al ghasyrlar boyy Kenes odaghy, Polisha, Chehoslovakiya, Rumyniya sekildi elderde ómir sýrip kelgen etnikalyq nemisterdi (Aussidler) kóshirip alu isin retteytin arnayy zang shyqty. Osy zang shenberinde 1980-1991 jyldary Germaniyagha 1.6 mln etnikalyq nemis qonys audarghan bolsa, odan keyingi jyldary jyl sayyn 200 myng adam Germaniyagha qonys audaryp keldi. Germaniya zany boyynsha tegi nemis kimde -kim Germaniya azamaty bola alady. Alayda zanda bir nәrse kórsetilgen ol 1923 jyldyng 31 jeltoqsanynan keyingi tuylghan adamdar Germaniya azamatynyng tikeley úrpaghy ekendigin ne nemis últynyng úrpaqtary ekendikterin qújat -qaghaz týrinde dәleldeuleri kerek.  Zang boyynsha otandastaryn ornalastyru isimen Germaniyanyng Kelin qalasynda ornalasqan Fedaralidyq basqaru burosy ainalysady. 1993 jyldan bastap Germaniya jyl sayyn 225 myng otandasyn qabyldaydy.

Kenes odaghy ydyraghan song kenes imperiyasynyng qúramynda bolghan Resey, Qazaqstan, Ukraynadan nemister atajúrty-Germaniyagha qaray aghyldy. Tek Qazaqstannan 1,5 millionday nemis óz otandaryna qaytty. Barghan otandastaryna Germaniya ýkimeti kómek jәrdemin ayamady. Eng aldymen shetelden qansha nemis últynyng adamy kóship kelgeli otyr degendi anyqtap aldy. Soghan qaray jyl sayyn osy elden osynsha nemis últynyng azamatyn otbasymen birge kóshirip alamyz degendi aldyn ala habarlap otyrdy. Kóship keletin nemisterdi әueli beyimdeu ortalyqtarynda bolghyzyp, sol jerde qújat qaghazdaryn, densaulyqtaryn jaqsylap tekserip bolghan son, olargha birinshi kezekte nemis tilin ýiretu sabaqtaryn jýrgizdi. Azdap til syndyra bastasymen Germaniyanyng tarihy, әdebiyeti jәne zanyn týsindiru sabaqtary jýriledi. Búrynghy bolghan elderinde mysaly Qazaqstan ne Reseyde qanday bir mamandyq iygergen bolsa sol negizinde júmys jәne adam sanyna qaray ýy baspana qarastyrylady. Shamasy 6 aidan 1 jyl aralyghynda әlgi beyimdeu ortalyqtarynda bolghan otandastaryn mamandyghy boyynsha júmys  jәne ýy baspana tabylghan aimaqqa, audangha, qalagha aparyp ornalastyrady. Qoldaryna beyimdeu ortalyghynda  Germaniya azamattyghy tólqújaty jәne basqaday dokumentter birden tapsyrylady. «Elim» dep kelgen oralman qazaqtardy eng aldymen beyimdeu ortalyqtarynda qabyldaytyn osy yuir jaqsy tәjiriybeni Qazaqstanda iske asyratyn kez jetti dep oilaymyn.

Chehiya. 1990-shy jyldardyng basynda Slovakiyadan bólingen Chehiya eli de ózining qandastaryn elge shaqyra bastady. Birinshi kezekte Slovakiyada, Polishada, Rumyniyada jәne Ukrainada túratyn etnikalyq chehtardyng óz ata-júrtyna qonystanu mýmkindikteri tudy. Ol ýshin Chehiya ýkimeti sheteldegi qandastaryn elge qonystandyru jónindegi arnayy baghdarlamany qabyldady. Osy baghdarlama boyynsha etnikalyq chehtardy elge әkelu, elde qonystandyru júmysymen Chehiyanyng ishiki ister ministrligi ainalysty. Sol kezdegi Chehiyanyng ishki ister mnistri Yan Ruml (preziydent Vaslav Havelding jaqyn dosy) kóp júmystar atqardy. Ózim sol jyldary Pragadaghy Chehiyanyng Tehnikalyq uniyversiytetinde doktoranturada oqyp jýrgendikten әmbe óz otbasymdy tәuelsiz Qazaq eline kóshirip әkelgendikten Chehtardyng óz qandastaryn qalay kóshirip әkelip jatqan tәjiriybesin cheh baspasózi betterinen sholyp, osy taqyrypty qyzygha oqushy edim.

Otandastaryn elge kóshiru mәselesin Chehiyanyng «Rude Pravo», «MF Dnes», «Noviny» sekildi gazetteri kýn qúrghatpay jazushy edi. 1995 jyldan bastap Chehiya ýkimeti Qazaqstanda túratyn etnikalyq chehtardy kóshiru júmysyn bastady. Taghdyr tәlkegimen Qazaq jerine kelip panalaghan osy chehtardyng sany onsha kóp bolmasa da olar ejelgi ata-júrtyna kóshuge asyqty. Búghan sebep: Chehiya ýkimetining sheteldegi otandastaryn izdey bastauy jәne ózderi túryp jatqan Qazaq elindegi sol jyldardaghy ekonmikalyq qal-aqualdyng qiyn bolghany әser etse kerek.

Tek qana Aqtóbe oblysynan ondaghan cheh otbasylary Europagha, Chehiyagha kóship bardy. Ýkimet eng әueli olardy qayda qabyldau kerektigin anyqtap aldy. Soghan baylanysty «qazaqtanghan chehtar» elding batys ólkelerine kóbirek qonystandy. Bir otbasyna ýi-baspana satyp alynuy ýshin jәne alghashqy kezdegi kómek aqsha retinde shamamen 1 mln kron (30 myng AQSh dollarynday)  aqsha bólingeni esimde. Óz otandastaryna bólingen búl aqsha arnayy esep-shot arqyly, qatang baqylau jaghdayynda iske asqandyqtan, jemqorlyq degen mәsele bolghan joq. Múnda bir qyzyq jaghdaydy aita ketkendi jón sanap otyrmyn. Shetten oralyp jatqan osy tuysqandaryn jergilikti halyq sonsha ystyq qarsy almay jatqan turaly gazet betterinde maqalalar jii jariyalanyp túrdy. Óitkeni salqyn qandy chehtardyng óz tuysqandaryn dәl qazaqtay izdemeytindigine kózim jetti.

Birde Ukrainanyng Ujgorod qalasynan Chehiyanyng batysyndaghy bir kishirek qalagha kóship barghan etnikalyq cheh otbasy ózderining armandaghan ata-júrtynda jaghdaylary jaylaspaghandyqtan qaytadan Ujgorodqa kóshuge bel baylaghandary turaly habardy keshki telearna janalyqtarynan estidim.Olardyng aitularynsha ýkimet eki qabat jaqsy, jana ýy bergen. Ony estigen qala túrghyndary «búl qalay» dep shu kóteripti. Tipten jergilikti qala túrghyndarynyng balalary mektepte oqityn cheh oralmanynyng balalarynyng janyna otyrghysy kelmeydi eken. Sóitse olardyng әke-shesheleri «Ukrainanyng batysynan kóship kelgen chehtardyng denelerinde Chernobyli apaty әserinen radiasiya kóp bolady, sodan saqtanu kerek» degen kenes bergen eken. Mine osy ashy sózdi estigen song olar kelgen jaqtaryna qayta kóshuge bel baylapty. Búnday jaghday alghashqy jyldary «elim» dep kelgen qazaqtardyng aldynan da shyqqany bar. Eng dúrysy búndayda tózimdilik, sabyrlylyq kerek ekenin aitu jón. 1990 jyldary Qazaqstannan Germaniyagha, Grekiyagha, Reseyge, Ukrainagha, Belarusiqa jәne taghy da basqa el­der­ge kóshken júrttyng songhy jyldary Qa­zaq­stan­gha qayta orala bastauy jәne Qazaq elining azamattyghyn qayta alugha qúshtarlyq bil­dirui de jaqsy oilanyp, sheshudi talap etedi. Bir kez Qazaqstan janadan tәuelsizdigin jariyalap, ayaghynan endi tәi-tәy basa bastaghan kezde eldi tastap ketken aghayyndy qúshaq jaya qarsy alu qajet pe? Olarda «otanshyldyq» qasiyet bar degenge kýmanym bar. Qazirgi Europa elderindegi ekonomikalyq qiynshylyq jaghday olardy Qazaqstangha qaray barugha jeteler otyrmasyna kim senedi. Qazaq eli ýshin eng manyzdysy shettegi qazaqtaryn ata-júrtyna jetkizu, olardy qonystandyru basty maqsat bolyp qala berui kerek.

«Kósh jýre týzeledi» degendey Qazaq kóshine de  «Kósh kólikti», «Kósh baysaldy» bolsyn deyik aghayyn!

Dosan Baymolda

Sayasattanushy, Kóshi-qon jónindegi qoghamdyq kenes mýshesi

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