Barshagha ayan, tuberkulez, qazaqy úghymda qúrt auruy býgingi tanda densaulyq saqtau salasynyn ózekti mәselelerinin birine aynalyp otyr. Mәselen, DDÚ-nyn mәlimetteri boyynsha tórtkýl dýniyede kýn sayyn 9 milliongha juyq adam tuberkulezge shaldyqsa, 2 mln-gha tayau nauqas odan kóz júmady eken. Tuberkulez - búl tek qana medisinalyq emes, sonymen qatar qoghamdyq problema. Endeshe, búl jaghday Qazaqstanda qalay, ony emdeu, aldyn alu joldary jayynda keninen maghlúmat alu maqsatynda býginde seksen jyldyq tarihy bar elimizdegi bayyrghy emdeu oryndarynyng birinen sanalatyn Tuberkulez mәseleleri Últtyq ortalyghynyng diyrektory, medisina ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor Tileuhan ÁBILDAEVQA jolyqqan edik.

Barshagha ayan, tuberkulez, qazaqy úghymda qúrt auruy býgingi tanda densaulyq saqtau salasynyn ózekti mәselelerinin birine aynalyp otyr. Mәselen, DDÚ-nyn mәlimetteri boyynsha tórtkýl dýniyede kýn sayyn 9 milliongha juyq adam tuberkulezge shaldyqsa, 2 mln-gha tayau nauqas odan kóz júmady eken. Tuberkulez - búl tek qana medisinalyq emes, sonymen qatar qoghamdyq problema. Endeshe, búl jaghday Qazaqstanda qalay, ony emdeu, aldyn alu joldary jayynda keninen maghlúmat alu maqsatynda býginde seksen jyldyq tarihy bar elimizdegi bayyrghy emdeu oryndarynyng birinen sanalatyn Tuberkulez mәseleleri Últtyq ortalyghynyng diyrektory, medisina ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor Tileuhan ÁBILDAEVQA jolyqqan edik.

- Ádilhan Tileuhanúly, ót­kensiz býgingige bagha beru qi­yn­dau bolar, aldymen seksen­ning sengirine shyqqan meke­me­ning tarihy, yaghny negizi qalay qalan­dy, alghashqy úiymdas­­­ty­­rushy­lary, basshylary jay­­­ly qys­qasha toqtalyp ketseniz...

- Qazaqstanda tuberkulez ins­tituty 1932 jyly 9 nauryzda KASSR Halyq komissariatynyng sheshimimen qúrylghan. Alghash­­­­qy­da bar bolghany 25 tósek-oryndy qam­tysa, sol uaqytta respublikada 790 auruhanalyq tósek-oryn bo­­­la­tyn. Instituttyng al­ghashqy diyrektory medisina ghy­lymdarynyng dok­tory, professor V.IY.Zuzin bol­sa, Otan soghysy jyldary Qaz­KSR-dyng enbek si­­­nirgen dә­­ri­­­geri A.M.Zadvornyh, keyinnen G.M. Var­­shavskiy, D.U.Tó­­lemisov, 1963-1982 jyldary ghylymgha en­begi singen qayratker, professor Ayqan Ter­likbaev, 1982-1997 jyl­dary professor Áldesh Jýnis­be­kov, 1997-2012 jyldary professor A.A. Jәn­­gi­reev, Sh.Sh.Ismailov, Gh.B. Raqy­shev basqardy. Bý­gin­de orta­lyq­ta 400 tósek-oryn, al jalpy elimizde 13498 tósek qory bar. Ortalyqta 7 ghylym doktory, 5 pro­fessor, 19 medisina ghyly­m­­­da­ry­­­nyng kandidaty júmys jasaydy.

- Derekterdi sóiletip kóri­niz­shi, býginde Qazaqstanda qan­sha adam esepte túr? 1991-2000 jyldary Qazaqstan tuberkulezge shaldyghushylyqtan dý­­­­­nie jýzi boyynsha 12-shi, al TMD elderi arasynda aldynghy oryn­­dy iyemdenuining ózi talay jaydy aighaqtasa kerek...

- Últtyq ortalyq qazirgi tanda Qazaqstan tuberkulez ghy­lymy zertteu instituty basta­ghan óte әleumettik manyzdy min­det­terdi sheshudi nәtiyjeli atqa­ryp keledi. Instituttyng naqty tә­jiriybelik, ghylymy izdeniste­ri­nin, ozyq tәjiriybeni barlyq ónir­lerge endiruge jetekshili­gi­ning nә­tiy­je­sinde 60-jyldar­daghy ushyq­qan epiydemiyal­ogiya­lyq jaghdaydy tú­raqtandyryp, jaghdaydyng edәuir jaqsaruyna qol jetkizildi. Ins­titut Kenes Odaghy kezindegi odaqtas respublikalar arasynda nәtiyjeli jú­mystarmen erek­she­len­di. 60-shy jyldardyng ba­syn­da tuber­kulezding alghashqy syr­­qattanu kórsetkishteri 100 myng adamgha shaqqanda 300-di, al ólim kór­set­kishi 60-ty qúraghan. 80-shi jyl­dary jaghday aitar­lyqtay jaqsarghan edi. Alayda, tәuelsiz­dik alghan jyldardaghy әleumettik- ekonomikalyq túraq­syzdyqtar ta­ghy da tuberkulezden ahualdyng nasharlauyna yqpal etti. 2002 jyly syrqattanu kórsetkishi 165,5, ólim kórsetkishi 24,4 qúra­dy. 1998 jyly Elba­sy­nyng Jar­lyghymen qabyldanghan maqsatty is-sharalar, tuberkulezben kýres mәselelerine sony pәr­men berdi. Nәtiyjesinde 10 jyl ishinde syr­qattanu kórset­ki­shi 1,9 esege, ólim 3 esege azaydy.

- Býginde ortalyqta qansha nauqas emdeledi? Últtyq orta­lyq bolghandyqtan respubliy­ka­daghy jaghdaydy da ýilesti­rip otyratyn shygharsyzdar? Endeshe, aimaqtaghy ahual qan­day, qay oblysta auru kórset­kishi basym? Qanday týrleri kóbirek beleng alghan?

- Qazirgi tósek qorymen Últ­tyq ortalyq jylyna 1300-1400 aurudy emdep shygharady. Orta­lyq­­ta negizinen aurudyng kýrdeli týrleri - kóptegen dәrige tózimdi tuberkulez emdeledi. Ókpe hirurgiyasy bólimshesinde terapiya­lyq emge kónbegen, ókpe tesigi bar au­ru­largha ota jasalady. Statiys­tiy­kagha sýiensek 85 payyz jagh­dayda ókpe tuberkulezi, al 15 payyzynda ókpeden tys tuberkulez kezdesedi.

Ortalyq elimizdegi barlyq ob­lystargha ýilestiru, әdiste­me­lik, je­tekshilik, kenes beru min­det­te­rin atqarady. Osynday qyz­mettik kómekti qylmystyq atqa­ru jýie­sine de kórsetedi. Nәtiy­je­sin­de jyl ótken sayyn jaghday jaqsa­ryp, syrqattanu jәne ólim kórset­kishteri tómendep keledi. Degenmen de Aqmola, Atyrau, Shyghys Qa­zaq­stan oblystary men Astana qala­synda syrqat­tanu kórsetkishteri respub­lika­lyq orta kórsetkishten joghary. Ortalyq barlyq ónir­ler­de jylyna 2 ret monitoringtik ba­qy­lau jasap, ke­shendi is-shara­lar ba­rysyna bagha berumen, nor­ma­tiyv­ti qújattardy uaqyt talabyna sәikestendirumen ainalysady.

- Mulitiyrezistenttik tuberkulez - qúrt auruynyng óte qa­uipti, emge kónbeytin týri songhy kezderi túraqty ósip kele jat­qan kórinedi. Oqyrman­dargha tý­sinikti bolsyn, kenirek toqtal­sanyz?

- Kóptegen dәrige tózimdi tuberkulez (mulitiyrezistentti) óki­nishke oray, respublikamyzda alghash syrqattanghandar arasynda - 19, qaytalap auyrghandar arasynda 53 payyzdy qúraydy. Emdelip jazylu nәtiyjeligi elimizde 73 payyzdan joghary. Emdelu nәtiy­jesi aurudyng úzaq emdelu kursyna shydauyna, ýzbey emdi jal­ghastyrugha tútastay baylanysty. Bir qauipti jeri, aurudyng osy týrimen auyratyn adamdar qauip­sizdik sharalaryn saqtamasa, bas­qalar osy qa­uipti aurudy júq­ty­rady. Sondyq­tan sanitarlyq aghartu, psiholo­giyalyq qoldau jú­mystary qatar jýrgizilude. Emdeu nәtiyjesine bas­qa da qo­symsha aurulardyng qo­sarlanuy (qant auruy, basqa da sozylmaly aurular) óz әserin tiygi­zip jatady. Qazaqstanda tuber­ku­lez­ding kóptegen dәrige tózimdi týrimen auyrghandardy emge alu dengeyi 85 payyzgha jetti, búl DDÚ standartyna say, 2011 jyl­dyng qo­ry­tyn­dysy boyynsha aurudyng búl týri­men syrqattanu 3,8 payyzgha azaydy. Búl jaghday túraqtana basta­ghan­nyng kórinisi deuimizge bolady.

- Ortalyq respublikadaghy osy baghyttaghy ghylymy zert­­­teu­ler jýrgizetin biregey mekeme bolghandyqtan ghylymda qol jetkizgen qanday janalyq, je­tistikterinizben bólise alasyz?

- Ortalyqta ghylymy júmys­tar údayy jýrgizilip keledi. Tiyim­di nәtiyjeleri is-tәjiriybede qol­da­nysqa engizilude. Últtyq orta­lyq joghary kәsiby mamandar dayarlau mәselesine ýlken kónil bó­lip keledi. 80 jyl ishin­de 40 ghy­lym doktoryn, 168 ghy­lym kandidatyn dayarlap shy­ghar­dy. 67 ghy­lymy jinaqtama, 8565 ghylymy maqala, 135 emdeu diagnostiy­ka­lyq әdisti jetil­diru isi boyynsha qújattar ja­ryq kórdi.

Ortalyqta aurudyng asqynghan týrlerine ota jasau, plastiy­ka­lyq qayta qúrylymdau otalary jýze­ge asyrylady. Songhy ua­qyt­tarda Resey hirurgtarymen birlesip az jaraqat keltiretin bronhoskopiya­lyq otalardy jasau qolgha alyndy. 80 jyldyng ayasynda ótkizil­gen konferensiyada jana tehnologiyalardy paydalanu, jana zertha­nalyq tәsil­derdi engizu, hirur­giyalyq emdeu tәsilderin talqy­lap, tәjiriybe almasu mәsele­le­rine ýlken mәn berildi.

- Tuberkulez órkeniyetting damuymen birge kelgen әleu­mettik auru. Sondyqtan olargha memleket jaghdayynda jenil­dik­­ter qarastyrylghan. Solardy atap kórsetseniz... Jәne ózderinizding taraptarynyzdan emdelu­shi­ler­ge qanday jaghday jasalyp otyr. Óitkeni, búl kesel tez arada aiyghyp kete­tin auru emes, nauqastargha ailap, jyldap emdeluge tura keledi...

- Tuberkulez әleumettik ma­nyzy bar júqpaly auru. Son­dyq­tan memleket tarapynan býginde aurudy anyqtau, emdeu tolyqtay tegin. Biylghy jyly tek qana arnayy tuberkulezge qarsy dәri- dәrmekterdi ortalyqtan satyp alugha 4 milliard tenge qarjy bólindi. Tuberkulezge qarsy emdeu mekemelerining materialdyq- tehnikalyq bazasy jyl ótken sayyn jaqsaruda. 2000 jyldan beri 46 jana tiptik tuberkulezben kýres auruhanalary iske qosyldy. Jergilikti atqarushy biylikting kó­me­gimen 2011 jyly 258 mln. ten­gening kóleminde auru­largha ambu­latorlyq emdeu kezinde jol aqy­syna, tamaghyna qosymsha kómek kórsetildi. 34 pәter berildi. Búl baghyttaghy júmystardy jandandyra týsu qajet dep sanaymyn.

- Eger jýreginiz, bolmasa ayaghynyz auyryp emdelmeseniz - ol әrkimning jeke basynyng sharuasy, al eger siz júqpaly tuberkulez dertine shaldyghyp emdelmeseniz - keshiriniz, ol me­ning de, ózgening de, memle­ket­ting de sharuasy. Óitkeni, onday kesapatty keseldi kez kelgen jerde, kez kelgen jaghdayda ózi­nizge júqtyryp qoymay, ózgege de júqtyruynyz mýmkin. Yaghniy...

- Aurudyng aldyn alu, auyryp qalghan jaghdayda ýzdiksiz emde­lip, jaqsy nәtiyjege jetu әrbir adamnyng óz jauapkershiliginde bolu kerek. Sonda ghana búl iste joghary nәtiyjege jetuge bolady. Búl iste medisina qyzmetkerining aurudyng jan dýniyesin týsine bilu, minez-qúlqyna әser etu qabileti qajet-aq. Al kerekti aldyn alu sharalary: balalar arasynda egu júmystary jýrgi­zi­ledi. Auru qaupi joghary toptardy jylyna keminde bir ret tekseru sharalary atqarylady. Al qylmystyq atqa­ru jýiesinde jy­lyna 2 ret pro­filaktikalyq tekseruler jýrgi­ziledi. Jasóspi­rimder arasynda búiryqqa sәikes jylyna keminde 1 ret flu­rografiyalyq tekseruden ótki­ziledi. Al әrbir eresek túrghyn óz qalauymen jylyna 1 ret tekseruden ótui abzal.

Jalpy, tuberkulez auruymen kýres mәselesi dúrys baghytta. Osynday memlekettik qoldau ayasynda jaqyn jyldary syrqat­tanu jәne ólim kórsetkishterin tómendetude ýlken jetistikterge jetuge tolyq mýmkindikter bar.

- Ádilhan Tileuhanúly, or­ta­lyqtyng seksen jyldyq me­reyli jasyna oray halyq­ara­lyq konferensiya ótkizip jatyr ekensizder...

- Konferensiyanyng maqsaty basqa memleketterding ozyq is-tәjiriybesin Qazaqstanda jýrgi­zilip jatqan tuberkulezge qarsy is-sharalarmen salystyrmaly týrde talqylau, aurugha diagnos­tika qoi jәne emdeu tiyimdiligin jogharylatu maqsatynda jana tehnologiyany qol­danu arqyly emdeu sapasyn kó­teru joldaryn qaras­tyru bolyp tabylady. Al jiyn­nyng negizgi mә­se­leleri: aza­mattyq jәne qyl­mys­tyq atqaru jýiesin­degi kópte­gen dәrige tó­zimdi tuberkulez mәse­le­lerin tal­dau; ambula­toriyalyq emdi pay­dalanu ayasyn keneytu; auru­­lardyng ýzdiksiz emdeluge yntasyn jogharylatu; auru­dyng kýrdeli týrle­rin anyqtau; býgingi tanda ózekti mәselege ainalyp jatqan tuberkulez jәne adamnyng immundy tapshylyq virusy aurularynyng qa­tar kezde­suin anyqtau bolyp tabylady. Konfe­rensiyagha Resey, Ázer­bay­jan, Óz­bekstan, Gruziya, Qyrghyz­stan, Kolumbiya uniyversiy­tetteri­nen әlem­ge tanymal ghalym­dar men professorlar shaqyryldy.

Tuberkulez problemalarynyng Últtyq ortalyghynda 31 qazan men 1 qarasha kýnderi sheberlik sy­nyp­­­tary ótkizilip, 10-nan as­tam adam­­gha kýrdeli otalar jasaldy. Arnayy bilimin jetildiru sa­baq­tary jýrgizildi. Búl is-shara­largha bar­­lyq oblys pen qala­lar­dan mamandar qatysty. Bola­shaq­ta ma­man­dardyng kәsiby sheber­li­gin kóte­ru maqsatynda osynday is-shara­lar údayy jýrgiziletin bolady.

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