Kenes Odaghynyng ydyrauy men jana qúrylghan tәuelsiz memleketterding naryqtyq qatynasqa auysqan ótpeli kezeni kýrdeli demografiyalyq ózgerister men kóshi-qon tolqyndaryn tughyzdy. Búl jaghdaydy egemen elimiz - Qazaqstan Respublikasy da bastan keshiruge mәjbýr boldy. Ótpeli kezendegi demografiyalyq prosesterding negizgi ereksheligi - halyqtardyng jalpy sany azangy, ólim-jitimning kóbengi, bala tuudyng kemui, osynyng saldarynan tabighy ósimning qúldyrauy. Múnday beleng alghan teris baghyttargha qosa, respublikadan alys jәne jaqyn jerlerge baghyt alghan kóshi-qon tolqyndarynyng keng óristeui de halyq sanyn kýrt tómendetip jiberdi. Qazaqstan halqy Reseyge bodan bolghannan bastap, Kenes zamanynda da negizinen syrttan kelgen kelimsekter kóshi-qony nәtiyjesinde ósip, 1897 jylghy 4.147.7 mynnan 1989 jyly 16.464.4 myngha jetip, osy 92 jyl ishinde 4 esege juyq kóbeygenin aita ketken jón. Elimizge kóship kelushilerden góri kóship ketushilerding basym bola bastauy 1970 jyldardan bastalghanymen, respublika halqynyng sany tabighy ósim (qazaq, ózbek, úighyr jәne t.b. túraqty túr­ghyndar esebinen) nәtiy­jesinde 1980 jyldardyng ayaghyna deyin óse týsti. Osy jyldar arasynda 1.675.5 myngha, yaghny 12,9% kó­bey­gen-di. 1989 jyly halyq sa­naghy boyynsha respub­liy­ka­da qazaqtar - 39,7%, orystar - 37,8%, uk­raiyn­dar - 5,4%, belorustar - 1,1%, nemister - 5,8%, tatarlar - 2,0%, ózbekter -2,7%, úighyrlar - 1,1%, kә­rister - 0,6%, әzir­bay­jandar -0,6%, basqa últ ókilderi -3,8% edi.

Egemendikting al­ghash­qy jyldary ke­zin­de ýrdis alghan demo­gra­fiyalyq daghdarys­tyng eng auyr saldary - Qazaqstan halqy 1989-1999 jyldar aralyghynda 1,5 mln.-nan astam adamgha, yaghny 8,2% azaydy. Halyq sany azayy 2002 jylgha deyin  sozylyp, 2003 jyldan bastap az da bolsa óse bastady. 2005 jyldyng basynda 15 mln.-nan asty. Búl jaghdaydyng negizgi sebebi tek 1991-1999 jyldardy syrtqa ketken kóshi-qon nәtiyjesinde respublika halqy 1 mln. 54 mynnan astam adamgha kemidi.

Syrtqa ketkenderding basym kópshiligi óz tarihy otandaryna qayta oralghandar edi, olardyng ishinde tek 1993-1998 jyldary - 1 mln.-nan astam astam shyghys slavyandar (orys, ukraiyn, belarusi), 400 myngha juyq nemister boldy:

Búl kóshi-qon tolqyndary Qazaqstan halqynyng últtyq qúramyna kýshti әser etip, olardyng ýlestik ara salmaghyn kýrdeli týrde ózgertip jiberdi. Qazaqtar 1939 jyldan keyin óz Otanynda kópshilikke ainalyp, 1999 jyly 53,4 payyzgha jetti, búryn basym bolghan orystardyng ýlesi 30,0%-gha toqtap, tómendey týsti. 2005 jyldyng basynda Qazaqstan halqynyng sany 15 mln.-nan asyp, últtyq qúramy tómendegidey boldy: qazaqtar sany-8,725,206 adamgha jetip, ýlesi 57,9 %-gha kóterildi, al orystar - 4,024,357 - 26,7%, ukraindar - 458993 - 3,0%, ózbekter - 419529 - 2,8%, nemister - 228123 - 1,5%, tatarlar - 231236 - 1,5%, úighyrlar - 226513 - 1,5%, kәrister - 100982 - 0,7%, belorustar - 94214 - 0,6%, әzirbayjandar - 86138 - 0,57%, týrikter - 84035 - 0,55%, basqalar - 395441 - 2,6%.

Osy jerde respublikagha óz atyn bergen qazaq últynyng keybir demografiyalyq qasiyetterin aita ketken jón bolar. Atyrau, Ontýstik Qazaqstan jәne Qyzylorda oblystary men Astana, Almaty qalalarynan basqa respublika jerinde jalpy halyq sany negizinen kemigen bolsa, qazaqtar qatary barlyq oblystarda ósumen boldy. 1989-2005 jyldary qazaqtar sany 2 mln. 228,3 myngha, yaghny 34,2% ósti. Qazaqtar Batys jәne Ontýstik aimaqtarda edәuir basym boldy. 1999 jyly Qyzylorda oblysynda - 94,2%, Atyrau oblysynda - 89,0%, Manghystau oblysynda - 78,7%, Aqtóbe oblysynda - 70,7%, Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysynda - 67,6%, Batys Qazaqstan oblysynda - 64,7% boldy. Al Soltýstik jәne Ortalyq Qazaqstanda qazaqtar әli de az-tyn. Olar halyqtyng ýshten birinen tómen, ne az ghana joghary edi. Soltýstik Qazaqstan oblysynda - 29,5%, Qostanayda - 31,1%, Aqmolada -37,4%, Qaraghandyda - 37,6%, Pavlodarda - 38,2%, Shyghys Qazaqstanda (búrynghy Semey oblysyn qosqanda)  qazaqtar halyqtyng jartysyna da jetpedi - 48,5% boldy. Degenmen, keyingi jyldary barlyq oblystarda derlik qazaqtar sany men ýlesi óse týskeni bayqalady.

Qazaqtar orys, ukraiyn, nemis jәne basqa europalyq últ ókilderine qaraghanda tabighy ósimi joghary sanalghanmen, 1990 jyldary olardyng arasynda 3 jәne odan kóp balaly bolu azaya týsti. Tipti búl jaghday kóp balalylyq tәn Ontýstik Qazaqstan aimaghynda da bayqaluda. Qazaqtardyng tabighy ósimi tómendeui naryqtyq qatynasqa, auyldyng qiynshylyqtaryna, qymbatshylyq pen júmyssyzdyqtyng óristeuine, әsirese qazaqtar basym ornalasqan auyl-selonyng jaghdayynyng kýrt nasharlauyna jәne basqa ótpeli kezenning auyrtpalyqtaryna baylanysty edi. Osynyng saldarynan adam mýmkindigining damuy indeksi (qalyptasqan halyqaralyq esepteu әdisterine say) boyynsha (búghan ómir úzaqtyghy boljamy, jan basyna shaqqan naqtyly tabys mólsheri men bilim alu mýmkindigi de jatady) Qazaqstan 1993 jyly dýniyejýzining 175 memleketi ishinde 54 oryngha ie bolsa, 1997 jyly 93 oryngha tómendedi. Respublika halqy ishinde әielder ýlesi erkekterden basym degenimizben, qazaqtar arasynda erkekter kóp bolyp otyr. Sonymen qatar respublika halqy kóbine qartaya týsse, qazaqtardyng basym kópshiligi jastar men balalar ekeni bayqaluda. Qazaqtardyng arifmetikalyq orta jasy bar bolghany 25 jas, al nekege túru men bala tuugha baylanysty orta jas - 21. Búl kezende auyldaghy júmyssyzdyqtan qazaqtardyng qalagha bet búrghany aiqyn kóringenimen, olardyng әli de jartysynan kóbi (2004 j. - 51,8%) auyldyq jerde qonys tepken. Degenmen qala túrghandary arasynda qazaqtar ýlesi 1989 jyly 27,1%-dan 1999 jyly 43,1%-gha, al 2004 jyly - 48,2% jetkenin basyp aitu qajet.

Qazaqstanda adamdarynyng ómir sýru úzaqtyghy 1991 jyly 67,6 jas bolsa, 1998 jyly - 64,4 jasqa týsip, 2003 jyly - 65,8 jasqa jetti. Búl jaghynan Qazaqstan jeti TMD elderi arasynda Reseyden joghary - altynshy oryngha ie bolghan-dy. Basym kópshiligi auyldyq jerde túratyn qazaqtardyng ómir sýru úzaqtyghy orystardan kem, búghan Aral, Semey jәne basqa ekologiyalyq apat aimaqtarynyng zardaptaryn qossaq, qazaqtardyng ómir sýru úzaqtyghyna tiygizetin teris әserlerding kóbeye týskenin týsinuge bolady. Salystyru ýshin shetelderdegi ortasha ómir sýru kórsetkishine nazar audarsaq ta bolady. Ol Japoniyada - 76,1, Ispaniyada - 75,7, Gonkong pen Izrailide - 75,1, Avstraliyada - 75, Shvesiyada - 74,8, Gresiyada - 74,6, Úly Britaniyada - 74,6 jas.

Bilim dengeyinde de qazaqtar óz Otanynda aldynghy qatarda túrghan joq. Mysaly, 1999 jylghy sanaq boyynsha respublikadaghy 44 últ ókili ishinde qazaqtar joghary bilim boyynsha 8 orynda, ayaqtalmaghan joghary bilim boyynsha - 10 orynda, arnayy orta bilim boyynsha - 27 orynda, al orta bilim boyynsha - 11 orynda, bastauysh bilim boyynsha - 34 orynda boldy.

Qazaqtardyng jalpy sany men ýlesining ósui (1989 jyldan - 2005 jylgha - 2 mln. 190,6 myngha, yaghny 18,2%) birinshiden, tabighy ósimining basqa últ ókilderimen salystyrghanda jogharylau boluyna, ekinshiden, respublikanyng egemendik aluymen bastalghan sheteldegi qazaqtardyng óz tarihy Otanyna qaytu kóshi-qonyna tyghyz baylanysty edi. Jalpy sheteldegi qazaqtar problemasy әsirese olardyng sany men әleumettik qúramy, bilim dengeyi, últtyq tildi, músylman dinin, dәstýrli mәdeniyet pen túrmys jaghdayyn saqtau jәne basqa mәseleler osy kýnge deyin tarihy demografiyamyzdyng az zerttelgen jәne erekshe kónil bóludi qajet etetin salasy bolyp otyr.

Shetelderdegi qazaqtar problemasy Kenes Odaghynda, onyng ishinde Qazaqstanda kópke deyin tyiym salynghan jaghdayda zerttelmey keldi. Búl mәselelerdi 1970-1980 jyldary Halifa Altay, Hasen Oraltay, Qyzyrbek Ghariytúly jәne t.b. sol shetelderdegi qazaqtar ókilderi óz estelik shygharmalarynda bayandasa, batys ghalymdary odan da erterek, 1950 jyldardan bastap, terenirek zertteuge kirisken-di. Olardyng ishinde qazaqtardyng 1930-1950 jyldarghy Shynjannan Ýndistan men Pәkstangha kóshi-qony, sonan keyin dýnie jýzining basqa memleketterine ydyrap, tarap ketui turaly jazylghan Godfry Liastyn, Milton Dj.Klarktyn, Linda Benson men Ingvor Svanbergting jәne basqa oqymystylardyng enbekterin atap aitu kerek. Kenes tarihnamasynda búl problemagha G.V.Astafievting ("Shynjang qazaqtary", M.,1971), N.N.Minghúlovtyng (Shynjang halyqtarynyng últ-azattyq qozghalysy (1944-1949 jj.) turaly maqalasy, 1962), S.IY.Bruk, G.IY.Serduchenko, V.A.Moiyseev enbekterinde, K.L.Syroejkinning Qytaydaghy qazaqtar turaly monografiyasynda (1994 j.) edәuir kónil bólinip, alghashqy nәtiyjelerge qol jete bastady. 1997 jyly Soros qory "Qazaq diasporasy" atty enbek jariyalap, onda jogharyda kórsetilgen Linda Benson men Ingvar Svanbergting "Qytay qazaqtary" jәne Ingvar Svanbergting "Qazaq bosqyndary Týrkiyada" atty enbekterin aghylshyn tilinen orysshagha audaryp shyghardy. Búl enbekke K.L.Esmaghambetov "Qazaqtar turaly shetel diasporalogiyasy" degen tarihnamalyq sholu jasady.

1997 jyly Almatydaghy "Ghylym" baspasynan G.M.Mendiqú­lovanyng "Qazaq diasporasynyng tarihy taghdyry. Payda boluy men damuy" atty kólemdi monografiyasy jaryq kórdi. Ghalym arnayy әdebiyetpen qatar shetelderdegi qazaq diaspora ókilderimen jәne osy problemamen ainalysqan oqymystylarmen aralasyp, óte qúndy enbek dayyndaghan. Shetelderdegi qazaqtar jóninde basqa da ghalymdar óz zertteulerin jýrgizude. Sonyng ishinde belgili diplomat, oqymysty Saylau Batyrshaúlynyng enbekterin erekshe atap ótken jón. Ásirese ghalymnyng "Qazaq diasporasy: qazirgi jaghdayy men bolashaghy" degen 2004 jyly jariyalanghan kólemdi maqalasy búl problema jóninde kóp maghlúmat berumen qatar, jana kózqarastardy qalyptastyrugha jol ashady.

Aqyn aitqanday, "myng ólip, myng tirilgen qazaq" halqy basynan talay demografiyalyq apattardy ótkizdi. Qazaq handyghy qúrylghannan bastap, kórshi, әsirese Jonghariya Qytay, Resey, Qoqan, Horezm memleketterining shabuylyna úshyrap, kóptegen territoriyasynan airylyp qaldy. Búl jerlerdi atameken etken qazaqtar, óz qauymdastyghyn, tilin, dinin, dilin saqtap qalu ýshin kýrese berdi. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde Qazaqstanmen shektes ornalasqan Resey, Qytay jәne Ózbekstanda qalyp qoyghan qazaqtar óz tarihy otanyna qayta qosylu ýmitin ýzbey keledi. 1924 jylghy Orta Aziya respublikalarynda jýrgizilgen aumaqtyq qayta bóliste Qazaqstan biraz jerinen qol ýzip qalsa, keyinirek Ózbekstangha Bostandyq audany, Myrzashól alqabyndaghy jerler berildi. D.A.Qonaevtyng arqasynda Kirov, Jetisay, Maqtaaral audandary Qazaqstangha qaytarylghanymen, negizinen qazaqtardyng atamekeninde 300 myng halqy bar jana qúrylghan 3 audan men 5 mal kenshary (Shymqorghan, Timiryazev, Qyzylqúm, Arnasay, Amangeldi) Ózbekstanda qalyp qoydy. Sóitip, qazaq-jonghar soghysynda, 1916 jylghy últ-azattyq kóterilisi, Kenes zamanyndaghy 1918-1920 jylghy azamat soghysy, 1921, 1931-1933 jyldarghy asharshylyq, Úly Otan soghysy kezindegi tútqyndalu jәne t.b. qayghyly-qasiretti oqighalar saldarynan kóp qazaq óz Otanynan aua kóship, shetelderge ketkeni ras.

Osy jerde shetelderdegi qazaqtardyng bәrin "diaspora" dep atýsti aita saludyng ózi qay jaghynan bolsyn (ghylymi, zang jýzinde jәne t.b.) dúrys bolmaytynyn eskergen jón. Sebebi, "diaspora" degen sóz últtyng óz Otanynan basqa elge shashyrap ketken toptaryn bildiredi. Óz atamekeninde qalyp qoyghan Resey, Ózbekstan men Qytaydaghy qazaqtardy "irriydent" dep atau (G.M.Mendiqúlova) jón bolar degen pikir de bar. Degenmen búl termin ghalymdar arasynda әli qabyldana qoyghan joq, sebebi, "irriydent" dep bóten elding aumaghynda, alayda óz atamekeninde túratyndar degen úghymdy emes, basqa memleketting aumaghynda qalyp qoyghanymen, sol jerdi bólip alyp, ózining tarihy otanyna qosu ýshin kýshpen, qaruly kýres jýrgizgen (kezinde Italiyada payda bolghan) sayasy topty ataghan eken. Sondyqtan, búl termin demografiyadan góri, sayasattanu ghylymyna jaqynyraq kórinedi.

Shetelderdegi qazaqtar sany da edәuir pikirtalas tudyryp keledi. Zertteushi G.M.Mendiqúlova 1997 jyly jariyalanghan enbeginde búrynghy Kenes Odaghynyng 14 memleketinde jәne dýnie jýzining 25 elinde 4,5 mln. qazaq ómir sýredi, degen mәlimet bergenimen, onyng negizi bolghan derekterdi kórsetpegen. Al 2000 jyly jariyalanghan M.H.Asylbekov pen V.V.Kozinanyng "Qazaqtar" degen enbeginde shetelderdegi qandastarymyzdyng sany 3.211.208 adam dep kórsetilgen. Búl mәlimet QR Syrtqy ister ministrligi konsuldyq qyzmet departamenti basqarmasynyng bastyghy B.J.Seyitbattalovtyng 2000 jylghy 20 sәuirdegi "Egemen Qazaqstan" gazetinde jariyalanghan maqalasyna sýienip berilgen. Saylau Batyrshaúly jogharyda kórsetilgen maqalasynda 2004 jyldyng basynda shetelderdegi qazaqtar sany 5,2 mln. adamnan asyp týsedi, - degen boljam aitady. Osy pikir shyndyqqa jaqynyraq, - dep sanaymyz. Sebebi qazaqtardyng Dýniyejýzilik qauymdastyghy jinaghan mәlimetter boyynsha 40 sheteldegi qazaqtardyng sany 5 mln. 600 mynnan astam, dep kórsetilgen. Onyng ishinde, jaqyn shetelderde - 3 mln. 137 myn; alys shetelderde 2 mln. 529 myng 800. Qazaqtar kóp shoghyrlanghan memleketter Qytay - 2.260 myn; Ózbekstan - 1.750 myn; Resey - 1.100 myn; Mongholiya - 150 myn; Týrkimenstan - 150 myn; Qyrghyzstan - 95 myn; Aughanstan - 30 myn; Týrkiya - 15 myn; AQSh - 14 myn; Tәjikstan - 10 myn; Iran - 10 myn; Germaniya - 9 myng jәne t.s.s.

2000-2005 jyldar aralyghynda shetelderdegi qazaqtardyng sany 3,2 mln.-nan 5,6 mln.-gha deyin ósuin eki sebeppen týsindiruge bolar edi. Birinshiden, alghashqy kórsetilgen mәlimet tolyq bolmay, 1,5 - 2 mln.-day qazaq esepten tys qalyp qoyy mýmkin. Ekinshiden, osy 5-6 jyl ishinde edәuir tabighy ósim nәtiyjesinde qazaqtar sany tez ósken de shyghar dep oilaymyz.

Qazaqtar kóbirek ornalasqan memleketterdegi olardyng jaghdayy turaly birer sóz aita ketken jón. Qytaydaghy qazaqtar Ile-Qazaq avtonomdyq oblysynda, Shynjang aimaghynyng uezderinde (Moriy-Qazaq, Barkól-Qazaq), Ganisu provinsiyasynyng qazaq avtonom uezinde jәne az toby Pekinde túrady. Ózbekstanda qazaqtar negizinen Qaraqalpaqstanda, Búhara, Jizaq, Syrdariya, Tashkent jәne Nauay oblystary men Tashkent qalasynda ornalasqan. Reseydegi qazaqtar Qazaqstanmen shekaralas Orynbor, Samara, Astrahani, Saratov, Qorghan, Chelyabi, Týmen, Volgograd, Novosibir oblystarynda, Altay ólkesi men Altay respublikasynda túrady; Mәskeu, Sankt-Peterburg qalalarynda, Tatarstan men Qalmaq respublikalarynda da biraz qazaq bar. Mongholiyadaghy qazaqtar Bayan-Ólgey, Hobda aimaqtarynda, Úlan-Bator men onyng tónireginde, Erdenet, Darhan, Berh jәne Sharygol siyaqty ónerkәsip ortalyqtaryn mekendeydi. Qazaqtar Týrkimenstannyng Dashoguz, Balkan, Mary jәne Lebap oblystarynda ornalasqan. Týrkiyadaghy qazaqtar Mәrmar jәne Egey tenizderi jaghalauyndaghy jerlerde, Ystambúl, Ankara, Izmir qalalarynda túrady. Búlar Qytay, Aughanstan men Irannan kelgen bosqyndar. Irandaghy qazaqtar Gýlstan provinsiyasyn mekendeydi, olardyng kóbi 1920-1930 jyldarghy qughyn-sýrginnen qashqan Manghystau oblysynyng túrghyndary.

Endi shetelderdegi qazaqtardyng óz Otanyna qaytudy armandaghan kóshi-qonyna toqtalayyq. Elge qaytuy tek egemendilik jaghdayynda ghana bastaldy, desek, biz qatelesemiz. 1916 jylghy últ-azattyq kóterilisi kezinde Jetisudan bosqyn bolghan 300 mynday qazaq-qyrghyz Qytay ótip ketken-di. Keyin patsha ókimeti qúlap, Aqpan revolusiyasy jeniske jetken son, kóbi qaytugha úmtyldy da, kóptegen qiynshylyqtardy bastan keshirgen olardyng keri kóshi-qony Qazan revolusiyasynan song da, Kenes ókimeti ornaghan kezde de jalghasty. 1931-1933 jylghy kýshtep újymdastyru, jappay asharshylyq jaghdayynda Resey, Ózbekstan, Qyrghyzstangha aua kóshken qazaqtardy qaytaru jóninde de qyruar enbek etildi. Biraq, Iran, Qytay jәne basqa shetelderge ketken bosqyn qazaqtar sonda qalyp qoyyp, keyin jan-jaqqa ydyrap, tarap ketkeni de boldy.

1950 jyldardaghy KSRO-nyng sayasy ómirindegi alghashqy әdiletti ózgerister túsynda shet elderden bauyrlarymyzdyng bir bóligi erikti jәne mәjbýrli týrde Otanyna qayta bastady. 1955 - 1962 jyldary Qytaydyng Shynjan-Úighyr avtonomiyalyq audany men t.b. audandarynan qazaq, úighyr, dýngen, orystardyng qayta oralyp, olardyng negizinen Almaty, Shyghys Qazaqstan oblystaryna túraqtanuy bayqaldy. Qytaydan qonys audarushylar ishinde resmy qújattarda shartty týrde "kenes azamattary" dep ataghan kontingent boldy. Olardyng búlay atalu syry 1945 jyly qantarda Shyghys Týrkistan islam júmhúriyaty qúrylghan son, Ýrimshi, Qúlja, Shәueshek, Altay jәne Qashqardaghy kenes konsuldyqtarynyng janynan qúrylghan "Kenes múghadjarlar qoghamynyn" ókilderi men olardyng senimdi adamdary (agentteri) Kenes Odaghyna qaytamyn degen adamdargha KSRO-nyng pasportyn ýlestirgen. Olardyng arasynda 1916-1933 jyldary Qazaqstannan bosqan qazaq, úighyr, dýngen, ózbek, orys jәne t.b. últ ókilderi boldy. Osy jyldardyng shekaradan ótkendigi turaly belgisi bar-joqtyghyna qaramastan, tuuy turaly kuәligin alyp ketkenderdi sol negizde, al, qújaty joqtardy tilegi boyynsha "kenes azamaty" degen tizimge tirkedi. Sonymen birge, KSRO-dan barmaghanymen kenestik Qazaqstangha ketemin deushilerge de móri basylghan Kenes Odaghy azamatynyng pasportyn bergen. Tipti, pasporttardy qorjyngha salyp jýrip, kez-kelgen jerde ýgitke ergen adamdargha ýlestirip, "kenes azamaty" retinde tizimge alghan oqighalar da kezdesken. Osylaysha, Qytay jerinde "kenes azamattary" degen kontingent payda boldy. 1954 jyly KSRO men Qytay arasynda jasalynghan 10 jyldyq kelisim-shart "kenes azamattarynyn" KSRO-gha qaytuyna jol ashty. Olar zandy týrde 1955 jyly Qazaqstangha jappay óte bastady.

Qytaydan kelgen "kenes azamattary" Qorghas stansasynan Saryózekke jiberilip, odan ary qaray Ile, Ayagóz jәne Otpor stansalary janynan qúrylghan 3 qabyldau-bólu punktteri arqyly qabyldandy. Árbir qabyldau- bólu punktin auyl sharuashylyghy, kenshar jәne qúrylys pen kólik ministrlikterining odaqtyq jәne respublikalyq kólemdegi ókilderi basqardy. Olargha kómekshi retinde әrbir oblys pen audandardan esepteushiler men tehnikalyq qyzmetkerler bólindi. Qabyldau arnayy jospar men keste boyynsha jýrgizildi. Barlyq punktterde sauda oryndary, dәrigerlik jәne mәdeny qyzmet kórsetu úiymdastyryldy. Kóship kelgen "kenes azamattaryna" kómek retinde otbasy basshysyna 3000 som, mýshelerine 600 somnan qaytarylmaytyn kómek aqsha berildi. Árbir otbasy memlekettik bankiden jeke ýy qúrylysy ýshin 15 myngha deyin, mal satyp alu ýshin 3 myng som kóleminde nesie alugha qúqyly boldy.

Sonymen, 1955 jyly Qazaqstan kensharlaryna 240 otbasy (39467 adam, sonyng ishindegi enbekke jaramdysy 13508 adam) kóship keldi. Sonday-aq, újymsharlargha qonys audarghan "kenes azamattary" sany 2529 otbasy (16016 adam, onyng 8407-si enbekke jaramdy, 1261 - enbekke jaramsyzdar men qart kisiler, 8 jasqa deyingi balalar 3835 adam, 8 jas pen 16 aralyghyndaghy balalar 2515 adam) boldy. Qytaydan kelgen "kenes azamattary" negizinen, júmys qoly jetkiliksiz jәne mal sharuashylyghymen ainalysatyn Pavlodar, Qostanay, Kókshetau, Batys Qazaqstan, Qaraghandy jәne Aqtóbe oblystarynyng újymshar, kensharlaryna jiberildi. Sol siyaqty, qúrylys pen kólik salalary boyynsha da ornalasty.

Qonys audarushylardy qabyldaghan sharuashylyq basshylary jyly qabaq tanytyp, olardy júmys oryndarymen, qolayly baspanamen qamtamasyz etuge tyrysyp baqty. Mýmkindigi barlary jana ýy berse, joqtary eski ýilerdi jóndeuge nemese janadan ýy salugha qajetti qúrylys materialdarymen qamtamasyz etuge kómektesti. Ár sharuashylyq kelisilgen shart boyynsha, tiyesili malyn, aqshalay kómegin berip, ózining ekonomikalyq kýsh-quatyna qaray otyn-su, azyq-týlikpen qamtamasyz etuge tyrysty.

Birqatar múraghat qújattarynda 1954-1959 jyldary, Qytaydan kelgen nemese keletin "kenes azamattary" jayly tolyq emes derekter kezdesedi. Alayda, jalpy sany kórsetilmegen. Barlyghy 1955 jyldary Qytaydan 250 mynnan asa adam keldi dep jobalaymyz. 1955 jyly Qazaqstan halqynyng sany 8 mln. 421 myng adam dep esepteldi. Sonda 1955 jyly Qytaydan kelgen "kenes azamattary" respublikadaghy halyqtyng 2,8 %-yn qúrady degen sóz. Yaghni, Qytaydan kelgen "kenes azamattarynyn" respublika halqynyng qúramynyng ózgeristerine tiygizgen әseri boldy.

1958 - 1962 jyldarghy "úly sekiris" kezinde Qytaydan qaytqandar sany kóp boldy. Tek, 1962-1963 jyldary Qazaqstangha 24202 otbasy, yaghny 118926 adam kóship keldi. Olardyng basym kópshiligi Semey (38993 adam), Almaty (38604), Ontýstik Qazaqstan (15209), Qaraghandy (9842), Jambyl (7657) oblystarynda ornalasty. Ondaghy "mәdeny revolusiya" jyldary (1966 -1969 jyldary) Shynjang ólkesinde meshitter men últtyq mektepter qiratylyp, músylman degenderdi qudalau kýsheygen kezde de búl kóshi-qon tyiylghan joq. Al, 1969-1980 jyldary Qytaydan 300 mynnan asa adam Qazaqstangha qayta oraldy.

Qazaq KSR Ministrler Kenesining 1962 jylghy 24 mamyrdaghy kýngi qaulysy negizinde әrbir adamgha 40 som mólsherinde qaytarymsyz kómek, 1 somnan tәulik aqy jәne azyq-týlik, ónerkәsip tauarlarymen kómek kórsetildi. 1963 jylghy 18 qantarda Qazaq KSR Ministrler Kenesining "QHR-dan kelgen azamattargha túrghyn ýy jәne túrmystyq jaghdayyn jaqsartu turaly" arnayy qaulysynda oblystardaghy kenshar diyrektorlaryna birinshi ret ýimen qamtamasyz etu tapsyrylyp, olargha satugha 5400 t. ún, 225 t. qant, jyly kiyimder bólindi.

Kenes Odaghy tarap, Qazaqstan egemendik alghan son, shetel qazaqtarynyng Otanyna baghyttalghan kóshi-qonynyng eng kýshti tolqyny bastaldy. 1991 jyldan bastap Qazaqstangha TMD respub­likalarynan jәne alys shetelderden qazaqtar kóship kele bastady. 1991 jyldan 1995 jylgha deyingi aralyqta respublikagha 137919 qandasymyz kóship keldi. Olardyng basym kópshiligi (50,6%) tayau shetelden, negizinen Reseyden, Tәjikstannan, Kavkaz ónirinen kelu­shiler boldy. Alys shetelden - Mongholiyadan, Irannan, Týrkiyadan, Qytaydan, Aughanstannan kelgen immigrant qazaqtar - 49,4%.

1991-1993 jyldary Mongholiyadan kelgen oralmandar sany 60 myng adamgha jetip, keyingi jyldary olardyng legi birtindep bәsendedi. 1996 jyldan 1999 jyldary aralyghynda Mongholiyadan kelgen oralmandar 2259 adamdy qúrap, búrynghymen salystyrghanda 25,1 ese az boldy. Osy jyldary olardyng 623 adamy keri kóship ketti. Jalpy 1989 jyldan 1999 jyldary aralyghynda respublikagha Mongholiyadan 43057 oralman (21636 er azamat jәne 21421 әiel) kelip qonystandy. Olardyng basym kópshiligi (76,8%) Aqmola, Qaraghandy, Pavlodar jәne Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysyndaghy auyldy jerlerge ornyqty.

Naryqtyq ekonomikagha kóshu jaghdayynda Qazaqstannyng bastan ótkerip jatqan qiynshylyqtaryna baylanysty Mongholiyadan kelushi qazaqtardyng sany qysqardy. Olardyng jana jerge beyimdeluine shashyranqy qonystanuy, sonday-aq orys tildi ortagha tap boluy qiyndyq tudyruda.

Irannan kelgen qazaqtar Almaty, Ontýstik Qazaqstan jәne Manghystau oblystaryna qonystanudy jón kóredi. Olar Qazaqstannyng qazirgi kýrdeli әleu­mettik-ekonomikalyq ahualyna beyimdilik tanytuda. Múnday jaghday Týrkiyadan kelgen qazaqtargha da tәn. 1989-1999 jyldary respublikagha Irannan 2968 qazaq, Týrkiyadan 1755 qazaq kelip qonys tepti.

Qandastarymyzdyng óz atamekenine oraluy zandy qúbylys. Biraq oralmandardy elding әleumettik-ekonomikalyq jaghdayyna beyimdeu ózekti mәsele kýiinde qaluda. 90-jyldardyng basynda "Qayt, qazaq eline!" degen úrannyng kóterilui asyghys bolghandyghyn moyyndauymyz kerek. Oralmandardyng elde jetkilikti dengeyde qoldaushylyq tappay, birqatar qiyndyqtardy bastan keshkeni kópshilikke ayan. Sonymen qatar Qazaqstangha keluge tilek bildirgen qandastarymyzdyng sany artqanyna qaramastan, 90-jyldardyng ayaghynda olargha bólingen kvota kólemining azaya týskendigi kónilge kirbing keltirmey qoyghan joq. Óz tarihy otanyna oralushylar ýshin 1993 jyly 10 myng otbasyna (50 myng adamgha)                kvota bólinse, ol keyingi jyldary qysqara týsip, 1994 jyly 7 myng otbasyna, 1995 jyly 5 myng otbasyna, 1996 jyly 4 myng otbasyna, 1997 jәne 1998 jyldary 3 myng otbasyna, 1999 jyly 500 otbasyna, 2000 jyly 600 otbasyna ghana kvota bólindi. Keyingi jyldary ghana kvota kóbeye týsti.

Sonymen, Qazaqstandaghy qazirgi demografiyalyq ahual, jәne shetelderdegi qazaqtar men oralmandar mәselelerine qorytyndy jasay kelgende, qazaqtar qalay kóbeyedi degen súraq tuyndaydy. Ol zandy da, sebebi úlanghayyr jeri bar, al halqynyng sany bar bolghany 15 mln. ghana Qazaqstan memleketining әrbir sharshy kilometrine 5,5 adamnan kelip, әlemdegi halyq az qonystanghan elder qataryna jatatyny ýlken oy jәne qaterli kýdik tughyzady. Últtyq qauipsizdigimizdi saqtap qalu jәne ekonomikamyzdy jana enbek resurstarymen qamtamasyz etu ýshin, Elbasymyz 2015 jylgha deyin respublika halqy sanyn 20 mln.-gha jetkizu qajettigin basa aityp keledi.

Mine, sondyqtan halyqtyng sanyn kóbeytip, qúramyn nyghaytatyn, tarihiy-demografiyalyq ghylym aiqyndaghan eki joldy, tabighy ósim men syrttan keletin kóshi-qondy ong paydalanu kerek. Tabighy ósimdi kýsheytu ýshin jastargha, әsirese jana otbasylargha, kóp balaly analargha, olardyng jas úrpaqtaryna Ýkimet tarapynan jan-jaqty, naqtyly, túraqty jәne jýieli týrde qamqorlyq, tikeley jәrdem úiymdastyryluy qajet. Búl jóninde Kenes zamanyndaghy bay tәjiriybeni qayta jandandyryp, keneytip, bayyta týsu, ol ýshin memlekettik qor qúrghan da jón. Al syrttan keletin ong kóshi-qongha kelsek, shetelderdegi qazaqtardy elge qaytaru ýshin múnan da kýrdeli sharalar iske assa jón bolar edi. Mýmkindiginshe kvotany shektemey, eger ony alyp tastaugha bolmasa, qazaqtar túrghan shet memlekettermen diplomatiyalyq jolmen kóshi-qon ýrdisterin jenildetip, tezdetu, al kóship kelgender ýshin barlyq jaghdaydy jasau da kerek.

"Kelisip pishken ton kelte bolmaydy", degendey, Dýniyejýzi qazaqtarynyng dýiim jinalysy aldynda ortagha salghan keybir pikir men úsynystarymyz osy. Qazaq halqyna tarih bergen osynday mýmkindikterdi tolyq jәne uaqytynda paydalanyp, elding sanyn kóbeytip, qataryn nyghayta týsip, órkeniyetti qauymda óz ornymyzdy alghanymyz jón-aq.

Mәlik Asylbek, akademiyk

Almaty

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