Qazaqstan Respublikasy Konstitusiyasynyng qabyldanghanyna biyl 27 jyl tolyp otyr. Elimizding bas qújatyna osy uaqytqa deyin qanday ózgerister men týzetuler engizildi? Búl turaly QazAqparat sarapshysy jazdy dep habarlaydy Abai.kz.

Elding basty qújatyn qabyldau tarihy

Konstitusiya - memlekettik qúrylystyng qúqyqtyq negizin qalyptastyrushy qújat. Memleketting tútastyghy, sayasaty, elding әleumettik-ekonomikalyq damuy, azamattar qúqyghynyng saqtaluy, demokratiyalyq qúndylyqtardyng barlyghy osy zannyng ayasyna toptasqan. 27 jyl ishinde Konstitusiyagha birqatar ózgerister men tolyqtyrular engizildi. Zaman talabyna say damugha bet alghan Qazaqstan ýshin uaqyt aghymyna qaray iykemdelip otyru asa manyzdy.

Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng qoldanystaghy Konstitusiyasy 1995 jyly 30 tamyzda respublikalyq referendumda qabyldandy. Konstitusiya 9 taraudan, 98 baptan túrdy. Jalpy 1995 jylghy Konstitusiyanyng 1993 jylghy Konstitusiyadan aiyrmashylyghy - jana Ata zangha alghash ret azamattyng qúqyghyna ghana emes, adam dýniyege kelgen sәtten odan ajyramas qúqyqtaryna da qatysty normalar engizilgen. Elimizding negizgi zanyn qabyldaudan búryn el halqymen keninen talqylau boldy. Jalpy alghanda, joba 33 myngha juyq újymdyq talqylaudan ótip, oghan 3 millionnan astam azamat qatysqan. Talqylau barysynda 30 myngha juyq úsynys pen eskertu, 55 bapqa 1100-den astam týzetu men tolyqtyru engizilgen. Osylaysha, memlekettik qúrylym senimdi sayasiy-qúqyqtyq negizge ie boldy. Konstitusiyagha sәikes, tәuelsiz Qazaqstan ózin demokratiyalyq, zayyrly, qúqyqtyq jәne әleumettik memleket retinde ornyqtyrady. 1998 jәne 2007 jyldary Konstitusiyagha Preziydentting ókilettigin úlghaytu jóninde ózgerister engizilgen bolatyn.

Konstitusiyagha engizilgen songhy týzetuler

1995 jyly Konstitusiya referendum arqyly qabyldanghan, oghan bes ret Parlament arqyly ózgeris engizilgen edi. Sonda biylghy Konstitusiyagha engen ózgeristerdi referendum arqyly qabyldau tәuelsiz Qazaqstan tarihynda ekinshi ret bolyp otyr.

2022 jyldyng 5 mamyrynda el Preziydenti Qasym-Jomart Toqaevtyng Qazaqstan Konstitusiyanyng 91-babynyng 1-tarmaghyna jәne «Respublikalyq referendum turaly» konstitusiyalyq zannyng 18-babyna sәikes, Ata Zanymyzgha ózgertuler men tolyqtyrular engizu ýshin Respublikalyq referendum ótkizu turaly Jarlyghy shyqty.

Soghan oray, el ómirindegi asa manyzdy referendum osy qaulygha jarlyq shyqqan kýnnen tura bir aidan keyin, naqtyraq aitqanda, 5 mausym kýni ótkizildi. Konstitusiyagha engizilgen ózgerister men tolyqtyrulardy qysqa sholyp kórdik. I bólim. Jalpy erejeler. 4-baptyng 1-tar­maghy, 6-baptyng 3-tarmaghy ózgertildi. II bólim. Adam jәne azamat. 15-baptyng 2-tarmaghy, 23-baptyng 2-tarmaghy, 24-bap­tyng 1-tarmaghy ózgertildi. III bólim. Preziydent. 42-baptyng 2-tarmaghy, 5-tarmaghy ózgertildi. 43-baptyng 1-tarmaghy ózgertildi, 2-tarmaghy alynyp tas­taldy jәne týsindirme berilgen 3-4-tar­maq­tarmen tolyqtyryldy. 44-baptyng 2-3-4-7-tarmaqtary jәne 10-tarmaqtyng 1-tarmaqshasy, 19-tarmaghy ózgertildi. 46-baptyng 4-tarmaghy alynyp tastaldy. 47-baptyng 1-2-tarmaghy ózgertildi. IV bólim. Parlament. 50-baptyng 2-3-tarmaghy, 51-baptyng 1-tarmaghy, 52-bap­tyng 5-tarmaghy ózgertildi. 53-baptyng 1-tarmaghyna 1-tarmaqsha, 53-bapqa 1-2-tarmaqsha qosyldy, 2-6-tarmaghy ózgertildi, 54-baptyng 1-2-tarmaghy, 55-baptyng 2-3-tarmaghy ózgertilip, 56-baptyng 1-tarmaghynyng 1-tarmaqshasy ózgertilip, 3-1 tarmaqsha qosyldy. 57-baptyng 1-tarmaghy, 57-baptyng 3-tarma­ghy­nyng 7-tarmaqshasy, 61-baptyng 2-tarmaghy, 3-4-tarmaghy, 62-baptyng 5-6-tarmaghy ózgertildi. VI bólim. Konstitusiyalyq Sot. 71-baptyng 1-2-3-4-5-6-tarmaqtary, 72-baptyng 1-2-3-4-5-baptary, 73-baptyng 1-2-3-tarmaq­tary, 74-baptyng 2-3-tarmaghy ózgertildi. VII bólim. Sottar jәne sot tóreligi. Pro­kuratura. Adam qúqyqtary jónindegi uәkil. 78-baby, 82-babynyng 4-5-tarmaghy, 83-baptyng 4-tarmaghy ózgertildi jәne jana bap (83-1) qosyldy. VIII bólim. Jergilikti memlekettik bas­qaru jәne ózin-ózi basqaru. 87-baptyng 4-5-tarmaghy, 88-baptyng 4-tarmaghy ózger­tildi. IX bólim. Qorytyndy jәne ótpeli ere­je­ler. 91-baptyng 2-3-tarmaghy ózger­tildi, 99-bapqa 1-2-3-tarmaqtar qosyldy. Osylaysha, 1995 jyly 30 tamyzda qabyldanyp, 2022 jyldyng 8 mausym kýni songhy ózgerister men tolyqtyrular engizilgen Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Konstitusiyasy 10 bólim, 99 baptan túrady.

• Qazaqstan superpreziydenttik basqaru formasynan kýshti parlamenti bar preziydenttik formagha kóshti;
• Jer jәne onyng qoynauy, su kózderi, ósimdikter men januarlar dýniyesi, basqa da tabighy resurstar halyqqa tiyesili;
• Preziydentting jaqyn tuystarynyng sayasy memlekettik qyzmetshi, kvaziymemlekettik sektor subektisi basshylary lauazymdaryn atqarugha qúqyghy joq;
• Qazaqstandyqtar óz betinshe Konstitusiyalyq sotqa jýgine alady;
• Ólim jazasyna tyiym salynady. Eshkimning adam ómirin qiigha qúqyghy joq;
• Mәjilisting deputattyq korpusy aralas saylau jýiesi boyynsha qúrylady;
• Senattaghy preziydenttik kvota qysqarady, mәjilistegi QHA kvotasy joyyldy;
• Majoritarlyq jýie deputatty saylaushylardyng qalauy boyynsha shaqyrtyp alugha mýmkindik beredi;
• Túnghysh preziydentting erekshe róli men artyqshylyqtary turaly erejeler alyp tastaldy.

Jalpy qúqyqtyq jaghynan alghanda negizgi ózgeristerding biri — Konstitusiyalyq Sottyng qúryluy boldy. Azamattarymyzdyng Konstitusiyada bekitilgen qúqyqtary men bostandyqtaryn tikeley qorghaytyn organ bolghandyqtan, Qazaqstan Respublikasy normativtik qúyqtyq aktilerining Respublika Konstitusiyasyna sәikestigin qarau basty mindeti bolyp tabylady. Búl ózgerister elimizding bolashaghyn aiqyndaytyn basty ózgerister. Qoryta aitqanda, uaqyt talabyna say engizilgen ózgerister men tolyqtyrular elding әleumettik-ekonomikalyq damuynyng danghyl jolyna týskendigin, tәuelsiz elimizding bolashaghynyng jarqyn, ústanghan baghytynyng kemel ekendigin kórsetedi.

Ayta keteyik, referendumgha qatysu qúqyghy bar Qazaqstan azamattarynyng jalpy sany 11 million 734 myng 642 adam. Olardyng ishinde dauys beruge qatysqandar sany 7 million 986 myng 293 adam, nemese referendumgha qatysu qúqyghy bar azamattar sanynyng 68,06 payyzyn qúrady. Referendumgha qoyylghan mәselening ong sheshimin jaqtap dauys bergen azamattardyng sany dauys beruge qatysqandardyng 77,18 payyzyn qúrap, 6 million 163 myng 863 adam boldy. Al, konstitusiyalyq týzetulerge qarsy dauys bergen azamattar 18,66 payyz nemese dauys beruge qatysqandar sanynyng 1 million 490 myng 475-in qúrady.

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