Kenestik biylik jýiesining sayasy qughyn-sýrgin - qandy shenbeline eng aldymen Alash qayratkerleri tap bolghany belgili. Alashshyl azamattardyng andysyn baqqan kenestik biylik alashtyq elitany ózine qarsy túrghan yqpaldy әri qauipti kýsh retinde baghalap, aqyry esep aiyrysu qajet, opponentterin týp-tamyrynan shauyp tastau kerek dep sheshedi. 1926-1927 jyldardan bastap repressiyalyq sharalardy qolgha alghan olar, 1930 jylghy 4 sәuirdegi OGPU (Birikken Memlekettik sayasy basqarma) alqasynyng sheshimimen A.Baytúrsynov, Á.Bókeyhanov, M. Dulatov bastaghan qyryqqa juyq Alash ziyalylaryn týrli merzimderge týrmelerge jәne konslagerilerge  qamap, jer audarady jәne basqa da jazalargha kesedi.

1932 jylghy 20 sәuirdegi  OGPU ýshtigining ýkimimen jiyrmadan astam Alash ziyalylary bes jylgha Reseyding Voronej oblysyna jer audaryldy. Al Alashshyl jastardyng birqatary aghalarynyng aqylyn tyndap, Alash iydeologiyasynan bas tartatyndyqtaryn resmy týrde mәlimdey otyryp, últ mýddesin kommunistik partiya qatarynda jýrip qorghaugha tyrysty. M.Júmabaev, M.Áuezov jәne Á.Ermekovter osy joldy tandaghanmen de OGPU-ding tepkisin kórdi. Ókinishke qaray, M.Dulatov, J.Aymauytov, D.Ádilov, Á.Baydildiyn, A.iysupov jәne basqa birqatar Alash ziyalylary atu jazasyna kesildi nemese abaqtyda kóz júmdy.

Kenestik biylik jýiesining sayasy qughyn-sýrgin - qandy shenbeline eng aldymen Alash qayratkerleri tap bolghany belgili. Alashshyl azamattardyng andysyn baqqan kenestik biylik alashtyq elitany ózine qarsy túrghan yqpaldy әri qauipti kýsh retinde baghalap, aqyry esep aiyrysu qajet, opponentterin týp-tamyrynan shauyp tastau kerek dep sheshedi. 1926-1927 jyldardan bastap repressiyalyq sharalardy qolgha alghan olar, 1930 jylghy 4 sәuirdegi OGPU (Birikken Memlekettik sayasy basqarma) alqasynyng sheshimimen A.Baytúrsynov, Á.Bókeyhanov, M. Dulatov bastaghan qyryqqa juyq Alash ziyalylaryn týrli merzimderge týrmelerge jәne konslagerilerge  qamap, jer audarady jәne basqa da jazalargha kesedi.

1932 jylghy 20 sәuirdegi  OGPU ýshtigining ýkimimen jiyrmadan astam Alash ziyalylary bes jylgha Reseyding Voronej oblysyna jer audaryldy. Al Alashshyl jastardyng birqatary aghalarynyng aqylyn tyndap, Alash iydeologiyasynan bas tartatyndyqtaryn resmy týrde mәlimdey otyryp, últ mýddesin kommunistik partiya qatarynda jýrip qorghaugha tyrysty. M.Júmabaev, M.Áuezov jәne Á.Ermekovter osy joldy tandaghanmen de OGPU-ding tepkisin kórdi. Ókinishke qaray, M.Dulatov, J.Aymauytov, D.Ádilov, Á.Baydildiyn, A.iysupov jәne basqa birqatar Alash ziyalylary atu jazasyna kesildi nemese abaqtyda kóz júmdy.

Býginde Alash qayratkerlerin sýrginge úshyratqan 1937-38 jyldardyng yzgharly lebinen esken súrapyl zúlmattyng zardaby men saldary qandaylyq bolghandyghy tarihtan belgili. Yaghni, taghlymy zor tarihy nәubetting qazirgi jana buyn, jas úrpaqqa berer sabaghy turasynda oilanu qajettigi tuyndaydy. Atap aitqanda, sol agha buynnyng qabyrghasyn qayystyryp, irgesin sógip ketuge qauip tudyrghan zaualdyng endigi uaqytta aldyn alu, onyng әleumettik zardaptarynan arylu jayy túr. Osy túrghyda ótken ghasyrdyng 37-jyldary betke ústar últ ziyalylaryn sayasy qughyn-sýrginge úshyratqan qoghamnyng qayshylyqty qareketin tarazylau, tarihy jadyny janghyrtu qajettigi tuyndaydy.

Áriyne, 37-jyldary kenestik totalitarlyq jýie jýrgizgen solaqay sayasattyng auyr zardaptaryn arqalaghan azamattar men sol jylda qúrban bolghan Alash ziyalylarymen qatar, «bir ghana repressiya saldarynan qazagha úshyraghan qazaqstandyqtardyng jalpy sany 25 myng adamnan asyp jyghylady. Sonymen qatar, stalindik qylmysty kollektivtendiruding súmdyq saldarynan 1,5 milliongha juyq qazaq kóz júmdy. 1930-1932 jyldary 1,5 milion qazaq KSRO-dan shetelderge bir jola kóship ketti.

1930 jyly Respublikada 5 milion 873 myng adam túratyn - búl osynda kóshirilgenderding jalpy sanymen birdey delik. 1933 jylgha qaray halyqtyng sany 2 million 493 myng adam ghana boldy. Al 1937-38 jyldardaghy qughyn-sýrginnen bastap Stalin dýniyeden ótkenge deyingi aralyqta Qazaqstanda 103 myng adam sayasy aiyp taghylu arqyly sottalsa, onyng jogharyda aityp ketkendey 4/1 «OGPU - NKVD ýshtikteri» ýkimimen, sot ýkimimen atylghan». Osy otyzynshy jyldardyng juan ortasyndaghy Alash ziyalylary itjekkenge aidalyp, atylmas búryn qanday qoghamdyq-sayasy jәne psihologiyalyq qyspaqqa úshyraghandyghyna naqty tarihy qújattarmen tanysa otyryp, kóz jetkizuge bolady.

Osy rette azaly tarihymyzgha bas ie otyryp, qúrban bolghan ayauly azamattar ruhyna taghzym etip, ótkenimizge sauap, ótkelimizge salauat aitu paryzymyz degenimen, dәl múnday jaghdaylardaghy shetelderding ozyq tәjiriybesinen ýlgi alu qajettigi tuyndaydy.

Aytalyq, sol kezdegi kenestik jýiening yqpalynda bolghan Mongholiya memleketi eliktegishtikpen kenestik repressiyanyng artynsha-aq ony óz elderinde qaytalaghan bolatyn. Keyinnen Mongholiya basshylyghy búl solaqay sayasaty ýshin halqynan keshirim súrap, qúrban bolghandar men azap shekenderding úrpaqtaryna ótemaqy tóledi. Búl jayt turasynda onyng kuәgerleri - býginde sol jaqtan ata-júrtqa qonys audarghan aghayynnyng aitary barshylyq. Osy syndy  azaly tarihymyzdyng qasiretti betterin paraqtaghanda әli alda atqarar isterding kóp ekenine kóz jetedi.

Endi osy otyzynshy jyldardyng juan ortasyndaghy Alash ziyalylary itjekkenge aidalyp, atylmas búryn qanday qoghamdyq-sayasy jәne psihologiyalyq qyspaqqa úshyraghandyghyna naqty tarihy qújattarmen tanysa otyryp, kóz jiberip kórsek. Óitkeni, dәl sol uaqyttary qalyptasqan sayasy ahualdyng zilmauyr salmaghy tek Alash elitasyn ghana emes, tútastay qazaq últyn janyshtap bara jatty.  Búghan kóz jetkizu ýshin O. Isaevtyn BK(b)P-nyng I sezinde sóilegen sózining tómendegi qysqartylghan stenogrammasyn  sholyp shyqsaq ta jetkilikti.

«... Qazaqstanda basty qyzmette jýrgen, Qazaqstannyng ishinde týzelmey jýrgen adamdar alashordashylarmen birge istegendigi kórinip otyr. Sol joldas, týzelmey qalghan adamdardy aityp otyrmyz. Núrmaqov sekildi Mәskeu qalasynda biraz jyldyng ishinde ýlken qyzmette otyrghan, Qazaqstanda 1929 j. deyin Sovnarkomnyng bastyghy bolyp otyratyn, bir jaghynan, sovet ýkimetining sayasaty dúrys degen bolyp, ekinshi jaghynan, Troskiyding tynshysy bolyp, solarmen birge japon, germandardyng baylaryna satylmaqshy bolyp jýrgendigi kórinip, qazirgi uaqytta ústalyp otyr. Búl neni kórsetedi, joldastar? Onshyl últshyldardyn, últshyl bolyp jýrgen adamdardyng ziyankes, jat ekendigin ashyq, aiqyn onshyl últshyl ekendigining әbden anyqtalghandyghyn kórsetedi.

...Ekinshi әngime, joldastar, mynau. Songhy uaqytta partiyanyng tarihyn ýirenip, sony júrtqa týsindiru turaly biraz әngimeler bar, búl әngimening bir jaghy qazaqtyng kontrrevolusiyashyl últshyldarymen kýreske baylanysty. Búl turaly biraz joldastar aityp ótti. Olardyng aitqany, Alash-Orda Oktyabri revolusiyasynan búryn bolsa da, ol - revolusiyashyl, patshagha qarsy kýres jýrgizdi degen әngime bar dedi.

Búl - dúrys teoriya emes, ziyandy teoriya. Birqatar joldastar aitty, búl turaly ziyandy teoriyalardyng bar ekeni dausyz. Búl jóninde mening de qatem bar. 1927 j. Ólkelik partiya komiytetinde Martynovtyng bir tapsyrmasy boldy. «Alash-Orda turaly barlyq qaghazdardy, dokumentterdi jina, sony basyp shygharu kerek», - dedi. Alash-Ordanyng kim ekendigin, qanday is jýrgizdi dep, osy dokumentterdi terip, basyp shygharudyng ózi ol uaqytta qate bolghan eken. Ólkelik partiya komiytetining sayasy qatesi osy».

Áriyne, býgin biz sol kezdegi zamananyng yghymen kezinde alashshyl azamattargha qara kýie jaqqan adamdardy aiyptay almaymyz. Onyng әli әdil baghasyn beretin uaqytty tóreshilikke qaldyramyz. Degenmen qújattyng aty qújat. Ásirese qazaq tarihynda ózindik orny ghana emes, taghylymy zor sanalatyn Alash qozghalysyna, onyng qayratkerlerine qatysty mәselelerding kýngeyi men kólenkesining barlyq qyryn qamtityn qújattardy ruhany ainalymgha shygharu mindetimiz. Búl bir jaghynan zerdeler taqyrybymyzdy tolyqqandy aishyqtay týseri anyq.

Jalpy kezinde biyik minbelerde sóilengen nemese merzimdi basylym betterinde jaryq kórgen negizsiz syndardy avtorlary óz erikterimen aitty ma, әlde әldebireulerding núsqauy nemese qysymy arqyly jýzege asyrdy ma degenge sol qújattardyng ózderi jauap berip túrghanday. Búl jaghyn, yaghny mәselening aq-qarasyn tarazylaudy zerdeli oqyrmannyng ózine qaldyrdyq. Al kommunisterding qyzyl qyrghyn men azapty sýrgindi qalaysha qanypezerlikpen jýrgizuge degen shamadan tys belsendilikterine atalghan qújattar aighaq bolary anyq.

Ádepkide sayasy qughyn-sýrgin Alash iydeyasyn auyzdyqtaugha arnaldy. Alayda tek qazaq halqynyng ghana emes, býkil adamzatqa auyr qasiret alyp kelgen jiyrmasynshy ghasyrdyng basynda últtyq iydeya ózining ruhany jәne әleumettik evolusiyasynyng barysynda «Alash» iydeyasy týrinde kórinip, ony eshqandayda qughyn-sýrgin toqtata almady. «Alash» iydeyasy qazaq týsiniginde tuys týrki halyqtaryn biriktiretin «alty alash» úghymyn bildirgendikten, HH ghasyrdyng basynda artta qalghan otar halyqtardyng últtyq ózindik sanasynyng oyanuyna oray, «týrkistanshyldyq» iydeyasymen shektesip jatty. Búl, әsirese Maghjan Júmabaydyng poetikalyq shygharmashylyghy men Mústafa Shoqaydyng tarihy sayasy qyzmetinen angharylady.

Sayasy tәuelsizdikting tuyn kótergen qazaq ziyalylary «Oyan, qazaq!» iydeyasymen halyqqa oy tastady. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde ýlken iydeyalyq әri realdy Alash qozghalysy bastaldy jәne Alashtyng әleumettik, sayasy jәne túlghalyq belsendiligi men erkindigi últtyq iydeya retinde úsynyldy. Búl tәuelsizdik úranynyng aldynghy kezeni aghartushylyq iydeyalarymen astasyp jatqan bolatyn. Jәne Alash qayratkerlerining búl ýndeui Abay men Shәkәrimning «adam bol!» ústynymen jәne «újdan» tújyrymymen sipattalatyn ruhani-adamgershilik baghdarmen de bekitildi.

Qysqasy, qazaq tarihynyng eng auqymdy bóligin qamtityn dәstýrli kezeninde adam men azamattyn, әleumet pen qoghamnyng erkindigi men derbestigin, memlekettik tәuelsizdigi men etnostyq daralyghyn qorghaumen sipattalatyn últtyq iydeyanyng ruhani-adamgershilik negizderi Úly dala oishyldarynyn, qazaq aqyn-jyraularynyn, biy-sheshenderining jәne últtyng ziyaly qauymynyng shygharmashylyghynda aiqyn kórinis berdi. Búl tuyndylarda qorytylghan dәstýrli qoghamnyng halyqtyq iydeyasy men ruhany qúndylyqtar jýiesi ózining tarihy manyzdylyghyn joghaltqan joq, kerisinshe býgingi ózimshildik psihologiya men filosofiyanyng órshigen túsynda oghan balama bola alady.

Bolatbek Tólepbergen,

«Jerúiyq» qoghamdyq birlestigining tóraghasy,

filosofiya ghylymdarynyng kandidaty

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