Senbi, 23 Qarasha 2024
Janalyqtar 4413 0 pikir 3 Qantar, 2013 saghat 14:40

Dәulet Asau. Qazaqstan últtar laboratoriyasyna qalay ainaldy?

Qazaqstandy últtar laboratoriyasyna ainaldyru sayasaty 1868 jyldan bastaldy. Osydan ghasyr jarym uaqyt búryn qazaq jerin mekendegen halyqtyng týgelge juyghy tek qana qazaqtar edi. Orys mújyghy bizding ata-baba mekenimizge Stolypinning әigili jer reformasynan keyin, 140 jyl búryn ghana ayaq basqan. Áytse de, qarashekpenderding ol jolghy qaptauy Qazaqstannyng demografiyalyq ahualyna onsha әser ete qoyghan joq. Sonday-aq patshalyq Resey men qyzyl kommunisterden qúqay kórgen orys últynyng ókilderi әdette «jabayy dalagha» emes, órkeniyeti damyghan Kәri Qúrylyqqa qaray qashty. Al, el ishine kelip qashqan-tyghylghandary qazaqqa sinisti bolyp, qazaqsha sóilep, ózderi de qazaq bolyp ketti.

Ekinshi nauqan - 30-50 jyldar ishinde jýrgizildi. Kenes ýkimeti esh jazyghy joq jeke azamattardy ghana emes, KSRO aumaghynda túratyn tútas halyqtardy Odaqtyng shyghys aimaqtaryna, onyng ishinde Qazaqstangha jappay jer audaru sayasatyn jýrgizdi. Tipti Ekinshi Dýniyejýzilik soghys qyzyp túrghan jyldary, soghystan keyingi uaqyttarda da júrtty túrghylyqty jerinen kýshtep kóshirudi tolastamady.

Qazaqstandy últtar laboratoriyasyna ainaldyru sayasaty 1868 jyldan bastaldy. Osydan ghasyr jarym uaqyt búryn qazaq jerin mekendegen halyqtyng týgelge juyghy tek qana qazaqtar edi. Orys mújyghy bizding ata-baba mekenimizge Stolypinning әigili jer reformasynan keyin, 140 jyl búryn ghana ayaq basqan. Áytse de, qarashekpenderding ol jolghy qaptauy Qazaqstannyng demografiyalyq ahualyna onsha әser ete qoyghan joq. Sonday-aq patshalyq Resey men qyzyl kommunisterden qúqay kórgen orys últynyng ókilderi әdette «jabayy dalagha» emes, órkeniyeti damyghan Kәri Qúrylyqqa qaray qashty. Al, el ishine kelip qashqan-tyghylghandary qazaqqa sinisti bolyp, qazaqsha sóilep, ózderi de qazaq bolyp ketti.

Ekinshi nauqan - 30-50 jyldar ishinde jýrgizildi. Kenes ýkimeti esh jazyghy joq jeke azamattardy ghana emes, KSRO aumaghynda túratyn tútas halyqtardy Odaqtyng shyghys aimaqtaryna, onyng ishinde Qazaqstangha jappay jer audaru sayasatyn jýrgizdi. Tipti Ekinshi Dýniyejýzilik soghys qyzyp túrghan jyldary, soghystan keyingi uaqyttarda da júrtty túrghylyqty jerinen kýshtep kóshirudi tolastamady.

Stalinning jappay halyqtardy Qazaqstangha jer audaruy Batys Ukrainadan bastaldy. 1936 jyldyng sәuir aiynda KSRO Halyq kenesi komiytetng «Sayasy senimsiz polyaktardy Ukrain KSR-nan Qazaq KSR-na kóshiru turaly» Qauly qabyldaydy. KSRO Ministrler Kenesining 28 sәuir 1936 jylghy № 776-120 «óte qúpiya» griyfimen bekitilgen Qaulysyna sәikes Ukraina dan kýshtep kóshirilgenderdi ornalastyru jóninde BKP(b) Qazaq ólkelik komiyteti burosynyng jospary boyynsha Ukraina men Polisha shekarasynan Qaraghandy oblysyna15000 sharuashylyq - 45000-ten astam nemister men polyaktar (polyaktar - 35820, nemister -10000) jer audarylady. 1936 jyly 25 shildede Qazaqstangha 25778 adam tiyegen birinshi kezekting 40 eshelony keldi.

1937 jyldyng 21 tamyzynda osynday zar kýy kәristerding basyna tudy. KSRO HKK men BKP(b) OK-nyng № 1428-326 «Qiyr Shyghystyng shekaralyq aumaqtarynan kәris últyn kóshiru turaly» Qaulysy shyqty. Az uaqyttyng ishinde qazaq jerine 20141 otbasy nemese 98474 kәris azamattary kóshirildi. Olardy negizinen elimizding ontýstik aimaqtaryna ornalastyrdy. 1938 jyldyng qazanynda dәl osy «óte qúpiya» búiryqpen «Azerbayjan KSR shekaralyq aimaghynan irandyqtardy kóshiru turaly» qauly shyqty. 1940 jyly kóktemde Batys Ukraina men Belorussiyadan kóterilisshiler úiymdaryna qatysushylar, búrynghy Polisha armiyasynyng ofisiyerleri, sottalghandar qonys audaryldy.

Qazaqstanda 1941 jyldyng basynda 53772 polyak túryp jatty. Sol jyly deportasiyalanghan halyqtar tarihyndaghy asa qayghyly tarihy qújattardyng birine qol qoyyldy. KSRO HKK men BKP(b) OK-nyng 26 tamyzdaghy qaulysymen, yaghny Ekinshi Dýniyejýzilik soghys bastalysymen nemis túrghyndary týgeldey shpiondar, fashisterding qolshoqpary dep jariyalanyp, oryn tepken jerlerinen zordyng kýshimen kóshirile bastady. 1942 jyly Qaraghandy oblysyndaghy nemis qonystanushylarynyng sany 350 myng jetti. Kenes ýkimeti 1943-1944 jyldary qazaq jerine qarashaylardy, qalmaqtardy, chechenderdi, únghyshtardy,evreylerdi, Qyrymda túratyn tatarlardy,  grekterdi, armyandardy, balkarlardy, bolgarlardy, týrik-meshetindikterdi qaptatty. Olardyng bәri satqyndar, halyq jaulary dep tanyldy.

KSRO NKVD arnayy qonystandyru bólimining 1946 jyly qazan aiyndaghy anyqtamasynda 2436940 adam esepte túrghan. Olardyng 655674-si erler, 829084 -si әiel kisiler, 979182 -sy 16 jasqa tolmaghan balalar. Osy jyldyng dereginde Qazaqstangha 890698 adam syrttan qonystandyrylghan eken. Soghystan keyin Batystan Ukrain últshyldary әskery jasaghynyng sarbazdary men olardyng otbasy mýshelerinen 150 myng adam Odaqtyng týkpir-týkpirine laqtyryldy. Ukrain últshyldarynyng bir bóligi qazaq dalasyna ótken ghasyrdyng basynda, 20-30 jyldary kulak retinde jer audarylghan. Stalin ólgen 1953 jyly KSRO IIM qadaghalaushy organynyng esebinde 2826419 arnayy qonystanushylar bolsa, sonyng 1013610 adamy Qazaqstanda túryp jatty. Deportasiyalanghan halyqtardyng basym kópshiligi Qaraghandy oblysynyng aumaghyna ornalastyryldy. 1949 jyly 1 tamyzdaghy esebi boyynsha, oblysta jalpy sany 39990 otbasyny qúraytyn 117043 arnayy qonystanushy bolghan. Olardy esepke alu ýshin Qaraghandyda Ishki ister ministrligining 113 arnayy komendaturalary qúryldy.

Deportasiyalanghan jandar jana jerlerinde ashtyqqa, aurugha úshyrap, kóship-qonyp jýrgende otbasy mýshelerinen aiyrylyp qalyp, basqa da túrmystyq qiynshylyqtardy bastarynan keshirdi. Ýkimet olargha qazynadan zang boyynsha bólinui tiyis bolymsyz materialdyq kómekting ózin kórsetpedi. Olardy ornalastyru ýshin baspana salugha qajet material men qarajatty, adam basyna kýndelikti bólinetin as-su normasyn bermedi, jaghday jasamady. Kóship kelgender ózderi zordyng kýshimen kýrkeler qúrastyryp, jerkepeler saldy, saz-balshyqtan kirpish qúidy. Olardyng arasynda aurular men ýsikke shalynghandar, sodan qaza tapqandar kóp. Degenmen, Qazaqstangha jer audarylghan últtardyng jaghdayy basqa respublikalargha deportasiyalanghandargha qaraghanda kósh ilgeri edi. Ejelden bauyrmaldyghymen, qonaqjaylylyghymen ataghy shyqqan qazaq halqy syrttan sory qaynap jetken týrli últtardyng bәrin bauyryna basty, qolyndaghy nanyn bólip berdi. Baspasy joqtardy óz ýilerine kirgizip, bir bólmesin úsyndy. Býginde sol kelimsek últtardyng qay-qaysy da qazaqtyng kenpeyildigining arqasynda aman qaldy, shyraghyn óshirip almay, sonynan úrpaq órbitti.

Qalay degenmen de, kenesterden qysym kórip, bóten jerde jergilikti últqa kýni týsken bosqyndar qazaqtyng tilin tez ýirenip, el ishine tez sinisti. Kópshiligining ózderi qazaq bolyp ketti. Jer aughan halyq ókilderi qiyn-qystau zamanda qanatynyng astyna alyp, qamqorlyq kórsetken qazaqqa degen qúrmetterin osylay bildirdi. Sondyqtanda olardyng kólemi qaraqúrym bolghanymen, bizding últtyq mentaliytetke, mәdeniyetke teris әserin tiygizbedi.Qyzyl kommunisterding qalyng búqaragha qarsy ayausyz kýresu sayasaty tútas KSRO-ny, onyng ishinde Qazaqstandy arnayy qonystanushylar men sottalghandardyng konslagerileri mekenine ainaldyryp jiberdi.

Ýshinshi nauqan - qazaq ýshin asa qasiretti bolghan - tyng jәne tynayghan jerlerdi iygeru kezeni. 1954-57 jyldary 500 mynnan astam slavyan últynyng ókilderi Qazaqstangha kelip qonys tepti. Elge kelip keri qashqandarymen qosyp sanaghanda olardyng sany 1millionnan asyp jyghylady eken. Mine, osy kezde jappay últtyq mektepter jabylyp, últtyq kadrlar biylik basynan shettetildi, is qaghazdary orys tiline kóshirildi. Eldin, jerding mentaliytetin, salt-dәstýrlerin syilamaytyn, tasyr minez kórsetetin kelimsektermen auyl jigitteri arasynda últaralyq qaqtyghystar kóptep oryn aldy. Áriyne, búl jayt kenesting nasihatyna say kelmeytindikten aitylmady, jasyryp-jabyldy. Últtyq demografiyagha soyqan bolyp tiygen nauqannyng týpkilikti maqsatynda tek tyng jerlerdi iygeru ghana emes, Qazaqstandy últtar laboratoriyasyna ainaldyru, qazaqty orystandyru sayasaty jatty. Áytpese, otarlau sayasatynyng nәtiyjesinde Reseyding qaramaghyna ótken bayyrghy qazaq jerleri - Orynbor, Omby, Qorghan, Hajy Tarhan, Sarytau, Týmen, t.b ónirding qazaqtary, asharshylyq jyldary Resey men Ukrainagha baryp túraqtap qalghan basqa qazaq (500 mynday) atamekenge oralugha, tyng jerlerdi iygeruge dayar otyrghan eken. Biraq, kenes ókimeti Qazaqstangha qandastardy emes, slavyandardy qaptatty. Sonyng kesirinen Qazaqstanda túratyn qazaqtyng ýles salmaghy 29 payyzgha deyin tómendep, últtyq diasporalardyng sany 130-dan asyp baryp jyghyldy. Sóitip, Qazaqstan kenes ókimetining qolymen jasalghan últtar laboratoriyasyna ainaldy.

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