Qazaq qoghamyn ishten iritken dert - korrupsiyagha qarsy kýres jariyalaghan Ýkimet jemqor sheneunikterding qolyna kisen, ayaghyna túsau salugha qansha tyrysqanmen, para alugha dәndegen memlekettik qyzmetkerler sany kýn sayyn ósude. Búl otandyq jәne sheteldik kәsipkerlerge kedergi әri elimizdegi "kólenkeli biznestin" "gýldenuine" sep.

Qazaq qoghamyn ishten iritken dert - korrupsiyagha qarsy kýres jariyalaghan Ýkimet jemqor sheneunikterding qolyna kisen, ayaghyna túsau salugha qansha tyrysqanmen, para alugha dәndegen memlekettik qyzmetkerler sany kýn sayyn ósude. Búl otandyq jәne sheteldik kәsipkerlerge kedergi әri elimizdegi "kólenkeli biznestin" "gýldenuine" sep.

Býgingi tanda, QR aumaghynda 2300-den astam iri kәsiporyn bar. Onyng 115-i - sheteldik, al 130-y - birikken kәsiporyndar. Otandyq auyr jәne jenil ónerkәsibi túralaghan, ekonomikasynyng "kindigi" kómirsutegilerge baylanyp qalghan Qazaqstanda sheteldik investorlar negizinen múnay men gaz salasyn tandaytyny aitpasa da týsinikti. Ótken aptada USAID úiymdastyrghan dóngelek ýstelde qazaq qoghamyn ishten iritetin dert - sybaylas jemqorlyqtan otandyq jәne sheteldik kәsipkerlikke keletin kedergiler talqygha salyndy. Qazaqstandaghy Kәsipkerlerding tәuelsiz assosiasiyasynyng viyse-preziydenti Timur Nazhanov pen Qazaqstandyq jyljymaytyn mýlik federasiyasynyng viyse-preziydenti Aleksandr Kaliniyn: "Bizding elimizde bekitilgen qaghidalar men qabyldanghan zandar boyynsha kәsipkerlikpen ainalysu mýmkin emes. Sondyqtan biznesti jauyp tastaghan әldeqayda tiyimdi" degen mәlimdeme jasady. Kәsipkerler qauymy qazaq sheneunikteri kәsipkerlikke qatysty zandy dayyndau barysynda biznesmenderdi uysynda ústap otyratyn mýmkindikterdi qosa qarastyratynyn aitady. Mysaly, 2006 jyly qabyldanghan QR "Jekemenshik kәsipkerlik turaly" Zanda qazaq kәsipkerleri atalghan zang jobasyn dayyndaugha jauapty parlamenttik júmys tobyna úsynys retinde birneshe týzetuler men ózgerister, tolyqtyrular joldapty. Úsynystyng ishinde shaghyn jәne orta kәsipkerlikti tekseruge qatysty tarmaq ta bolghan. Júmys tobynyng mýsheleri tolyq kelisip, senatorlar qostaghan kәsipkerler úsynysy kóp keshikpey tiyisti ministrlikter tarapynan "qúiryq-jalyn" "kýzep" qaytypty. Yaghni, ministrlikter qosqan eki tarmaqta qarjy polisiyasy, salyq organdary men kedenshiler kez kelgen uaqytta shaghyn jәne orta kәsipkerlikti tekseruge tolyq qúqyghy bar degen joldar jazylghan. Osynyng kesirinen otandyq kәsipkerlerding qaqqan dabyly men janayqayy úysynysymen birge adyra qalyp, qazaq biznesi sheneunikterding oiynshyghy men "mayshelpegine" ainaldy. Byltyr jyl sonynan bastalyp, kýni keshe - 1 shildege deyin jalghasqan shaghyn jәne orta kәsipkerlikti tekseruge jariyalanghan marotoriy itke laqtyrylghan sýiekpen teng boldy.
Dóngelek ýstel barysynda USAID-tyng Qazaqstandaghy Amerikalyq sauda palatasynyng jetekshisi Kennet Mak qazaq jerinde ter tógip jatqan sheteldik investorlardyng kәsipkerler ýstinen qozghalyp jatqan sot prosesterine alandaushylyq tanytyp otyrghanyn aitty. Qúrama Shtattarda salyqtan jaltarghandar auyr qylmys jasaghanmen tengeriledi. Salyq tóleuden qashatyndardyng zang jýzinde qatang jazagha tartylatyny sondyqtan. Biraq soghan qaramastan, Mak myrzany qazaq sheneunikterining salyqqa qatysty qoldanatyn sharalary alandatady: "Qazaqstanda ekonomikalyq qylmys jasaghandardy jazagha tartu, ekonomikalyq qylmys degende, әkimshilik jaza men qylmystyq jaza qoldanudyng arajigi ajyratu tómen. Eger sheteldik kompaniya 17 myng dollar salyq tólemese, búl zang búzushylyq qymystyq tekserulerge úlasyp, әlgi kompaniyanyng basshylyghyna qauip tónedi. Osy sebepti, kez kelgen kәsiporyn, tipti, eng iri, әlemge tanymal degen kompaniya jetekshisi tútqyngha alynbas ýshin Qazaqstannan jyraqqa bas saughalaugha mәjbýr bolady. Meninshe, býginde sheteldik investorlardyng Qazaqstan ekonomikasyna batyl investisiya qúiyp, qazaqstandyq sot pen keden jýiesine senimmen qarauy ýshin kәsipkerlikke qatysy bar barlyqqa zangha ózgerister engizip, әreket etu sharalaryn ózgertu qajet".

Sarapshylar kәsipkerlikti tekseretin organdar sanyn shekteudi tez arada qolgha alu kerektigin kóldeneng tartady. Qazirgi kezde tekseru organdarynyng әrqaysysynyng qolynda kәsipkerlikti tekserudi jýieleytin kem degende 2-3 kodeks, 5-10 arnayy zan, jýzdegen zandyq aktiler bar. Búl turaly A.Kaliniyn: "Kәsipker sansyz zandar men zandyq qújattardyng barlyghyn birdey bilmeui mýmkin. Qaghazgha qatysty mәselelerde mýlt ketetin jayttar mindetti týrde kezdesetini aiqyn. Tekseru organdaryna qarsylyq pen narazylyq retinde kәsipkerler zansyz bizneske ketudi jón sanaydy. Elimizde kólenkeli biznesting gýldenip jatqany sondyqtan. Osynyng kesirinen salyq retindegi qyrauar qarjy memlekettik budjetke týspeydi, qazaq qoghamy qansha qarajattan qaghylady" deydi. Negizi damyghan elderde kәsipkerlikti tekseretin organdar sany 2-3-euden aspaydy. Esesine, biylikting de, salyq tóleushilerding de jandary tynysh.
"Jyghylghangha - júdyryq", shaghyn jәne orta kәsipkerlikke bankter tarapynan keletin qiyndyqtar da jeterlik. Búl mәselege oray, A.Kaliniyn: "Kez kelgen iri bankte qarjylyq-óndiristik top júmys jasaydy. Atalghan toptar qoldaryndaghy mýmkindikterding arqasynda iri kәsipkerlerge qysym jasap, olardyng mýlkin kýshtep tartyp aludy maqsat etedi. Bir kezderi kәsipkerler bankterden nesie alu ýshin kepildikke iyelikterindegi mal-mýlkin qoyghany belgili. Qazir qarjy tartu óte qiyn әri biznespen ainalysu da kýrdeli. Esesine, qarjylyq daghdarystyng arqasynda bankter paydagha shash-etekten kenelude. Mysaly, kәsipker qoyghan kepildik qúndy qayta baghalauda tym tómen baghalap, bir kezderi million dollargha baghalanghan mýlikti 200-300 myngha tengeredi. Dәl osy baghamen bank kәsipkerding mýlkin alugha janyn salady. Qazirgi tanda men osy mәselege oray kóp kәsipkerlerge kenes berip, sarapshy retinde sansyz sot prosesterine, prokuratura men Últtyq Qauipsizdik komiytetindegi daulargha qatysyp jýrmin" deydi.
Basqosuda bizding elimizdegi sheteldikter qaltalylardyng múnyn múndap, joghyn joqtaghan Mak myrza memlekettik organdar tarapynan zang búzushylyqtargha jol beretin jayttar kezdesetinin aitty: "Keyde Qazaqstandaghy europalyq jәne amerikalyq kompaniyalargha kedergiler men qiyndyqtardan qoldan jasaytyn kezder bolady. Óitkeni, ol kompaniyalar zandy saqtaydy, zang búzushylyqtardan boylaryn aulaq salady. Sheteldik kompaniyalardan "Qay memlekette júmys isteudi qalar ediniz?" dep súranyzshy. Olar: "Qazaqstannan Qúday saqtasyn!" dep jauap beredi. Sondyqtan Qazaqstandaghy kәsipkerlikpen ainalysu men biylikpen aradaghy qarym-qatynas ashyq, jariya boluy shart". Alayda, sheteldik iskerler qauymynyng qazaq biyligine taqqan aiybymen Ýkimet mýsheleri kelispeydi. Juyrda baspasóz ókilderine mәlimdeme jasaghan QR Ekonomika jәne budjettik josparlau ministri Baqyt Súltanov: "Biylik tarapynan sheteldik investorlargha qysym jasau әreketteri bolghan emes. Biz kerisinshe, olardy qyzyqtyratyn jaghdaydardy jasaugha kýsh salamyz. Onyng ýstine, әlemning damyghan 50 elderining qataryna enudi maqsat etip otyrghanymyz belgili" dep mәlimdedi. Ministrding pikirinshe, sheteldik investorlargha qarsy "qoldan jasalatyn kedergiler" men "jasandy zang búzushylyqtargha" qatysty әr jaytty jeke-jeke qaraghan jón. Sheneunik osylay mәlimdegenmen, kәsipkerler qauymy memlekettik qyzmetkerler arasynda jemqorlardyng kýrt óskenin aitady. Nazhanov pen Kalinin aitqan pikirlerge qosylghan Qazaqstandaghy Kәsipkerler forumynyng tóraghasy Rayymbek Batalov: "Amerikalyqtardyng sózderi shyndyqqa janasady. Búl turaly qazir Ýkimette de әngime qozghaluda. Shynynda da, shiykizattyq emes salada kәsipkerlikpen ainalysu óte kýrdeli. Biraq investorlargha qarsy shara qoldanu joq, qiyndyqtyng týbiri basqada. Ókinishke qaray, bizding elimiz ben onyng zandaryn saqtaugha nemqúraydy qaraytyn sheteldik investorlar bar" deydi. Mak bastaghan investoralar toby Qazaqstanda ýkimettik emes úiymdardyng qatarynda bolatyn jәne jemqorlyqqa qarsy kýresetin tәuelsiz kenes qúrugha úsynys bildirude. Qazaqstandaghy jemqorlyq turaly jerekterdi tizbelep, arnayy monitoring jýrgizumen ainalysatyn búl keneske kez kelgen mýddeli azamat pen kәsipkerler mýshe bola alady. "Sonday-aq, kenes jergilikti jәne últtyq baghdarlamalarygha bólingen budjettik qarajattyng qalay jәne qayda júmsalyp jatqanyn baqylap otyrady" dep mәlimdegen Maktyng úsynysy qúlaqqa jaghymdy. Alayda, ony iske asyrugha biylik mýddeli bolsa iygi. Óitkeni, dóngelek ýstelge arnayy shaqyrylghan sheneunikterding kelmeui - kónilge kýdik.

Nәziya JOYaMERGENQYZY,

«Týrkistan» gazeti, №30, 30.07.2009