Aytpaqshy, mekteptegi jazuy nashar bala da - osy Mohandas bolghan edi. Ol keyin búl jóninde ózining esteliginde qatty ókinip jazady. "Balalardyng jazuy әdemi boluy ýshin olardy eng aldymen suret salugha ýiretu kerek, sodan keyin baryp kórkem jazugha beyimdese dúrys bolar edi" dep jazady ol keyin óz esteliginde.

Taghy da sol estelikte nazar audarugha túrarlyqtay mynaday joldar bar: "Barlyq ýndi orta mektepterinde ana tilinen basqa: hindi, sanskriyt, parsy, arab jәne aghylshyn tilderin oqytu kerek dep oilaymyn. Búl úzaq tizimnen qorqugha bolmaydy. Shyn mәninde hindi, gudjaraty jәne sanskrit tilderin parsy jәne arab tilderi siyaqty bir til retinde qarastyrugha bolady.

Mohandas - barlyq balalar siyaqty dosqa bay bolady. Sonyng biri Mohandastyng ony jaqsy jolgha týsirgisi kelgen barlyq әreketin joqqa shygharyp, kerisinshe onyng ózin jaman jolgha bastaydy. Jas kelinshegi Kasturbay ol dosyn bir kórgennen-aq suqany sýimey, onsha únatpaydy, biraq, erkektik jalghan namysqa berilgen Mohandas әielining sózin qúlaghyna da qystyrmaydy. Ol jóninde M. Gandiyding ózi bylay jazady:

Aytpaqshy, mekteptegi jazuy nashar bala da - osy Mohandas bolghan edi. Ol keyin búl jóninde ózining esteliginde qatty ókinip jazady. "Balalardyng jazuy әdemi boluy ýshin olardy eng aldymen suret salugha ýiretu kerek, sodan keyin baryp kórkem jazugha beyimdese dúrys bolar edi" dep jazady ol keyin óz esteliginde.

Taghy da sol estelikte nazar audarugha túrarlyqtay mynaday joldar bar: "Barlyq ýndi orta mektepterinde ana tilinen basqa: hindi, sanskriyt, parsy, arab jәne aghylshyn tilderin oqytu kerek dep oilaymyn. Búl úzaq tizimnen qorqugha bolmaydy. Shyn mәninde hindi, gudjaraty jәne sanskrit tilderin parsy jәne arab tilderi siyaqty bir til retinde qarastyrugha bolady.

Mohandas - barlyq balalar siyaqty dosqa bay bolady. Sonyng biri Mohandastyng ony jaqsy jolgha týsirgisi kelgen barlyq әreketin joqqa shygharyp, kerisinshe onyng ózin jaman jolgha bastaydy. Jas kelinshegi Kasturbay ol dosyn bir kórgennen-aq suqany sýimey, onsha únatpaydy, biraq, erkektik jalghan namysqa berilgen Mohandas әielining sózin qúlaghyna da qystyrmaydy. Ol jóninde M. Gandiyding ózi bylay jazady:

"Ekinshi dostyghymdy ómirimning kýiigi dep esepteymin. Ol úzaqqa sozyldy. Men ony týzeudi maqsat etip dostasyp edim... Qateleskenimdi keyinnen týsindim. Týzetushi týzetem degen adamymen eshqashan tym jaqyn qarym-qatynasta bolmauy kerek. Shynayy dostyq degenimiz - búl dýniyede siyrek kezdesetin jan jaqyndyghy. Tek minezderi birdey adamdardyng arasyndaghy dostyq qana úzaghynan әri bayandy bola alady. Dostar bir-birine yqpal etedi. Sondyqtan dostyq týzeuge jol bere qoymaydy. Jalpy asa kóp jaqyndyqtan aulaq bolu kerek dep oilaymyn: adam balasy jaqsylyqtan góri jamandyqty anaghúrlym tezirek qabyldaydy. Al qúday degen adam japa-jalghyz qalu kerek nemese bәrin de dos etui kerek. Bәlkim men qatelesip te túrghan shygharmyn, biraq baz bireulermen jaqynyraq dostasayynshy degen bir enbegim zaya ketti".

Álgi dosy ony dinshil ýndisterge jat әreket - et jeuge, temeki tartugha, azdap sharap ishuge ýiretpek bolady. Tipti úrlyq jasaugha deyin barady ("Birshama keyinirekte qyzmetshining úsaq tiyndarynan góri auyrlau úrlyq jasadym.. Ol dosynyng azghyruymen laqtyng etin jep, keyin jazyqsyz laq bayghústyng manyraghan jalynyshty dauysy týni boyy qúlaghynan ketpey, qatty azap shegedi. Sodan bylay ol ýzildi-kesildi et jeuden, etten jasalghan taghamnan tatyp aludan bas tartady.

Taghy birde sol dosy Mohandasty basqa әielge aparyp, zinaqorlyq jasaugha iytermeleydi. Tyr jalanash sheshinip, múny kýtip jatqan jas súludyng qasynan qashyp shyghyp, әlgi aqshasy tólengen әielding "sen erkek emessin!.." degen tabalauyna úshyrap, jer bolyp, qaytyp múnday әreketke barmastay kýy keshetini de óz aldyna bir әngime.

Aldyn ala oqighadan ozyp bayandayyn, Mohandas Gandy óle-ólgenshe әieline adal bolyp ótedi. Kelinshegi Kasturbay da dinine berik, naghyz erkegi ýshin jan beretin tózimdi әiel bolady.

Mohandas Angliyada oquda jýrgen kezinde de, londondyq biykeshterding qansha ainaldyrghandaryna da kónbey, tәn lәzzatynan janyn arashalap, nebir erlik kórsetkeni belgili. Asyly, Mohandas jas kezinen ótirik aitu, bireudi aldau degendi bilmey ósedi. Ol - tek shyndyqty, qanday qiyndyq bolsa da tózimdi, keshirimdi boludy ghana jaqtaydy. Onyng múnday әreketterge baruyna eng aldymen tumysynan bergi boyyndaghy úyandyghy, qorqaqtyghy sebep bolghanyn ol ózi de jazghan esteliginde ashyq moyyndaydy.

Qorqaqtyq demekshi, jas kelinshegine ýilengen kezderi, qaranghy týse syrtqa jalghyz shyghudan qorqatynynyn qansha jasyryp qalghysy kelgenimen, onysy bilinip qalyp, taghy da ynghaysyz jaghdaygha qalghany esinde.

Ózi "Mening ómirbayanym" degen esteliginde jazghanday, qatty nәpsiqúmar bolghany belgili. Áriyne ol kezde qylshyldaghan bozbala bolatyn. Birde әkesi qatty auyryp ólim auzynda jatqanda, әlgi nәpsiqúmarlyq sezimi oyanyp ketip, úyattyng bәrin jiyp qoyyp, jas kelinshegi Kasturbaydyng tәtti úiqyda jatqanyna qaramay, ony júlmalap oyatyp, tolyq lәzzat alyp, әl ýstinde jatqan әkesine kelse, marqúm o dýniyege attanyp ketipti. Ózinen ýlken aghasy әkesining songhy amanatyn estip, búl myna qylyghyna qatty púshayman bolyp, barmaghyn tistegen sәti de adamgha tәn keybir osaldyq minezderimizding bir belgisindey edi.

Sol bir oqigha jayly M.Gandy atalmysh kitabynda bylaysha aghynan aqtarylady:

"Saghat keshki on jarym nemese on bir shamasy edi.Ákemning ayaghyn uqalap otyrghanmyn. Aghay meni auystyrayyn dedi. Men quanyp, jatar bólmege kettim. Áyelim qatty úiyqtap jatyr eken, bayghús. Biraq men barda úiqtay alushy ma edi? Oyatyp aldym. Alayda biraz uaqyttan keyin qyzmetshi esik qaqty.

- Ne boldy? Ayt.

- Ákey joq endi bizge...

Qatty úyaldym, ózimdi bir baqytsyz sorly sezindim. Eger hayandyq qúmarlyq kózimdi túmandantpaghanda...

...Búl arada aityp otyrghan masqaralyghym sol - tipti asa qúntty kýtimdi qajet etetin әkemning óler saghatynda da meni nәpsiqúmarlyghy biyledi. Búl arsyzdyghymdy eshqashan úmyta almaymyn jәne aqtala da almaymyn".

Mening úly adamnyng boyyndaghy búl qasiyetterdi tizip jazyp otyrghanym, Mahatma Gandiyding de bәrimiz siyaqty pende bolghanyn, onyng da jas kezinde bәrimiz siyaqty nebir óreskel әreketterge bayqausyzda úrynyp qalyp otyrghandyghy, biraq eshqashan da ótirik aityp, jalghan sóilep kórmegendigi jasy úlghayyp, әlem moyyndaghyn úly túlghagha ainalghan túsynyng ózinde de, kitap jazghanda da eshteneni eshkimnen búghyp qalmay ashyq jazghanynan oqyp-bilip, sony auyz-eki әngime retinde bayandap otyrghanym búl.

Mahatma Gandiyding tútas ghúmyry - anyzgha toly. Eng bastysy onyng balalyq, jastyq shaghynyng kópshiligimizding ómirimizge úqsastyghynda bolsa, azamat bolyp qalyptasyp, halqyna qyzmet etken jyldary adam tózgisiz nebir tózimdilikterge baryp, adam qoly bara bermeytin jeke bastyq baz keshuleri, basqalargha ýlgi boluy ýshin istegen adamgershilikke toly qily-qily әreketteri eshqaysysymyzdy da bey-jay qaldyrmasy dausyz.

Mohandastyng jas kezindegi qay bir әreketin alyp qarasang da, sanaly týrde әdeyi istegen jaghymsyz qylyqtaryn kezdestire almaysyn. Tipti balalyqpen, bozbalalyqpen istep qoyghan qylyqtarynyng ózinen adaldyqty, shynshyldyqty, aqiqatty bayqau qiyn emes. Onyng boyyndaghy adam balasyna degen sheksiz meyirimdilik, tózimdilik, yjdaghattylyq, úmtylushylyq onyng әrbir qylyghynan, әreketinen tap-taza shyndyq bolyp, ainadaghyday anyq kórinip túrady.

"Adamgershilik býkil әreketting negizi, al aqiqat - adamgershilikting mәni degen senim ghana sanama tereng tamyr boylatqan edi. Aqiqat mening birden-bir maqsatym boldy. Osy oimen kýnnen-kýnge shirygha berdim, aqiqatty týsinuim de barghan sayyn keneye týsti".

Mine osylaysha aghynan aqtarylghan M.Gandy eshkimnen eshqashan eshtene býgip kórgen emes. Halqyna, Jaratushygha adal qyzmet etuding bir týri - Brahmachariya antyn qabyldau dep úqqan ol әlemde eshbir erkek bara bermeytin batyl qadamgha barady. Brahmachariya anty - әielge degen tósek lәzzatynan, tәn qúmarlyghynan bas tartu degen sóz. Jәne anau-mynau emes erkektik qabiletting әbden kemeline kelip tolysqan shaghynda nәpsi jaghynan ózin-ózi qúrban etu әy eshkimning qolynan kelmeytin әreket. Al M.Gandy nebary 37 jasynda osynday kózsiz erlikke barady.

"Ant beruding mәnin búdan búrynghygha qaraghanda kóbirek sezine bastadym. Anttyng naghyz bostandyqqa barar joldy jappaytyny bylay túrsyn, qayta soghan jol ashatynyn úqtym.

...Ózime ózim súraq qoydym: múnday jaghdayda әielime men qalay qarauym kerek? Oghan degen adaldyghymnyng mәni nәpsi qanaghatyn tek sodan ghana tauyp jýrgenim be? Ázirge yndynnyng qúly bolghandyghymnan mening adaldyghym týkke de túrmaydy. Áyelime әdil qaraugha tiyispin: ol eshqashan da әzәzil bolyp kórgen emes. Sondyqtan eger qalasam, Brahmachariya antyn alu men ýshin eshqanday qiyndyq keltirmeytin.

Nyq sheshimge 1906 jyly ghana keldim. Satiyagraha әli bastalmaghan, ony bastala qoyady degen oiymda da joq.

...Úrpaq órbitu jәne ýnemi balalardyng qamyn oilap jýru qoghamgha qyzmet etuge syispaytynyna kózim jetti".

Mine kórip otyrsyzdar, Mahatma Gandiyding qanday erlikke barghanyn. Óz basym mynanday kózsiz erlikke barghan adam balasyn túnghysh jәne songhy ret kórip otyrghandaymyn. Úly túlghagha tang qala otyryp tabynamyn, adam tili aityp jetkize almas búl qasiyetin qanday adamdyq ólshemmen belgileuge bolatynyn óz basym bilmeymin. Últqa, halyqqa, adamzatqa qaltqysyz qyzmet etuding múnday erekshe týrin baghalau qiyn. Qarapayym halyq múny týsine qoymasyna óz basym senemin.

Sonymen Mahatma Gandi: "1906 jyly 37 jasymda jan-jaqty aqylgha salyp, oilanyp ant berdim. Búl sәtke deyin oilarymdy әielime aitqan joq edim, onymen ant bergennnen keyin ghana aqyldastym. Ol qarsy bolmady. Alayda maghan týbegeyli toqtamgha kelu óte qiyngha soqty. Tabandylyghym jetispedi. Qúmarlyghymdy tyya alar ma ekenmin. Kýieuining әielining jynystyq qatynas jasaudan bas tartuy ol kezde oqys qúbylys bolatyn. Degenmen qúday ózi jar bolar dep osynday qadam jasadym".

Brahmachariya shartyn orydau ýshin - tamaqtanudy shekteu jәne oraza ústau kerek. Búny jaqsy bilgen Mahatma Gandi: "Bizding qúmarlyghymyzdyng qarqyndylyghy sonshalyq - ony tek ishtey de, syrttay da qatang shektep qana tyiyp otyrugha bolady. Barshagha mәlim, eger mýlde nәr tatpasa, qúmarlyqtyng quaty tayady, sóitip qúmarlyqty tyi ýshin oraza ústau, sóz joq, óte paydaly.

Brahmachariya sharty - oi, sóz jәne әreketke baylanysty sezimderdi baqylau... Brahmachariyanyng mýmkindikteri qanday sheksiz bolsa, baz keshuding mýmkindikteri sonday sheksiz".

Mine qúrmetti oqyrman, Mahatma Gandy qabyldaghan Brahmachariya anty degenimiz osy. Búl jóninde әli de kóptegen qyzyqty derekterdi keltiruge bolar edi, ókinishke oray siz oqyp otyrghan jurnaldyng kólemi ony kótermeydi. Sondyqtan búl jónindegi әngimeni osymen doghara túryp, Satiyagraha degenimiz ne, endi soghan toqtalayyq...

III. SATIYaGRAHA

Búl eng aldymen - M. Gandy ózi bas bolyp ómirge әkelgen últ azattyghy jolyndaghy qozghalystyng atauy. Jәne úly túlghanyng Brahmachariya antynan keyingi úly qadamy, tapqan termiyni jәne onyng býkil ómirining ainasy. Ol jóninde M. Gandy taghyda ózining atalmysh enbeginde bylaysha tolghaydy:

""Satiyagraha" dep atalatyn prinsip termin oilap tabylmastan búryn payda bolghan... Búl prinsipti gudjaraty tilinde sipattau ýshin biz bastapqyda "bәseng qarsylyq" degen aghylshyn sózin paydalandyq... Maganlal Gandy "satagraha" ( sta - shyndyq, agraha - kәmil) degen sóz oilap tapty... Men ony "satiyagraha" dep ózgerttim".

Mahatma Gandy ózi qúrghan Satiyagraha qozghalysynyng arqasynda esh qanday qarsylyqsyz, qantógissiz, kýsh kórsetusiz, asqan tózimdilikpen Ýndistan halqyn tәuelsizdikke jetkizuge shyndap bel buady.

Ol býkil Ýndistandy jayau aralap, budda, hristian, músylman din oryndarynda bolyp, eshkimdi últyna, dinine, әdet-ghúrpyna alalamay ortaq kýreske shaqyrady. Biraq kýresting basty sharty - eshqanday kýsh kórsetpeu bolyp esepteledi. Búl qozghalys M.Gandy Ontýstik Afrikada jýrgende dýniyege kelip, Ýndistan halqy tolyq tәuelsizdik alghangha deyin jalghasyn tapty. Mәngilik tarihta qaldy.

"Men oiymda, sózimde jәne is-әreketimde Brahmachariya ústaudy da, satiyagraha qozghalysyna bar uaqytymdy arnaudy da birdey ansadym. Búghan men tek qana ózimdi ózim tazartu jolymen jete alatyn edim. Sondyqtan ómirime odan әri de ózgerister engize bastadym jәne tamaqtanugha baylanysty qatandau shek qoydym.

Oraza ústau jәne tamaqtan tartynu ómirimde anaghúrlym eleuli roli atqara bastady.

...Denemdi jetildirgim әri tәrtiptegim kelgen, biraq endigi basty maqsat tejele bilu jәne talghamymdy kóndiktiru bolghandyqtan, men aldymen bir tamaqty, odan keyin ekinshisin tandap iship, birte-birte onyng azyqtyq qúramyn kemite berdim. Alayda tamaqtanudy janym sýie beretin boldy. Ózime únaghan bir tamaqtan bas tartyp, basqasyn ishsem, onda búl songhy tamaq meni janadan әri anaghúrlym artyq túshyntatyn boldy".

Tamaq ishudi sheksiz shektegen M.Gandy aptanyng eki-ýsh kýnin oraza ústap, qalghan uaqytynda birneshe tal taza jemis-jiydek jep, taza su ghana iship, auyrghanda topyraqpen emdelip, ýi-ishining barlyq adamdaryn osy әdiske kóndiredi.

Ata-babasynan kele jatqan ýiindegi barlyq asyl zattardy, tipti әieli Kasturbaydyng qansha jylap qarsylasqanyna qaramay, ýstindegi asyl zattardy sypyryp alyp, bankige ótkizip, onyng ósimin jetim-jesirler men qozghalys mýddesine júmsap otyruy da bylay qaraghan adamgha aqylgha syimaytyn әreket.

M.Gandy Ýndistan halyq Kongresine belsene aralasyp jýrgen tústa, әr shetten kelgen delegasiya mýshelerining ózderi túryp jatqan jerdegi tazalyqqa mәn bermeytinine nazar audarady, tipti analar esh nәtiyje shygharmaghanda, ózi qolyna su men shýberek alyp zәr men nәjisti esh qinalmastan tazalay bastaytyn túsy bar. Ol búl әdisti Kalikuttadaghy bay adamdar túratyn mahalladaghy tazalyqty teksergende, analardyng qansha altyn men kýmiske malynyp otyrsa da adam balasy tózgisiz tazalyqtaryn kórip, olardy tazalaudy óz moynyna alyp, esh jiyirkenbesten sheshinip tastap, júmysqa kirisip ketuinen de bayqaysyz.

Ontýstik Afrikada júmys istep jýrgen kezinde Mahatma Gandy ýiinde jatyp jýrgen qozghalystyng belsendi bir mýshesining kýnde astyna jiberip qoyatynyna qaramastan asqan tózimdilik tanytyp, tipti әieli Kasturbaygha sol beytanys erkekting astyn tazalatatyny, jarynyng qarsylyq kórsetkeninen eshtene ónbeytini de adamdy oigha salady.

"Kóp úzamay men birynghay jemis diyetasymen kýnelteyin әri tamaqqa mýmkindiginshe eng arzan jemisterdi paydalanayyn dep úighardym. Taqyr kedey adamdar qalay ómir sýrse, bizding de solay ómir sýrgimiz keledi.

Jemis diyetasy asa qolayly bolyp shyqty. Tamaq dayyndaudy qoydyq. Kýndelikti dastarhan mәzirimiz - shiyki kýiindegi jer janghaghy, banan, qúrma, limon jәne zәitýn mayy.

Men degenmen Brahmachariya bolugha tyrysatyn adamdardy saqtandyrugha tiyistimin. Diyeta men Brahmachariya arasyndaghy tyghyz baylanysty kóre bilgenimmen, sóz joq, negizgi nәrse - aqyl-parasat. Ruhtyng tolayym pasyq pighyldaryn orazamen tazartugha bolmaydy.

...Degenmen ruh pen tәn arasyndaghy tyghyz baylanys bar jәne denening jany ylghy dәmdi men toqtyqty ansaydy. Diyetagha shek qoiy men oraza osylargha beyimdelip ketuden qútylu ýshin qajet. Sezimderdi qadaghalap otyrudyng ornyna, denening jany sol sezimderding qúly bolyp ketedi, sondyqtan da tәn әrdayym da taza, qozdyrmaytyn tamaq pen mezgil-mezgil oraza ústaudy qajet etip otyrady".

Adam miy jete bermeytin qadamdargha baru - M.Gandy ýshin ýirenshikti әdet. Adamnyng qúlqynnyng qúly bolmauy - Brahmachariya men Satiyagrahanyng basty sharty. Býginderi qoghamda oryn alyp otyrghan jappay jemqorlyq, ashkózdik, eshqanday toyymnyng bolmauy, "alam bersem, jey bersem" degen kózqaras әsirese biylik tútqasynda otyrghandardyng arasynda keninen beleng aluy - biz qazaqstandyqtardy bir sәtke de oilantuy tiyis. Mahatma Gandiyding biz tilge tiyek etip otyrghan batyl qadamdary - әne, sondaylardy bir sәtke bolsa da oilantar ma eken degen oidan da óz basym aulaq emespin. Búl - qazirgi jaghdaydaghy men ýshin alystaghy suyq júldyzday bir arman ghana.

Ýndistannyng tәuelsizdigi jolynda kýresken jәne osy maqsatta jaularynyng qolynan qaza tapqan Mahatma Gandiyding ómir joly - tәuelsizdigin alghanyna kóp bola qoymaghan Qazaqstan siyaqty jas memleketting tizginin ústap otyrghandargha ýlgi bolsa - núr ýstine núr der edim.

San milliondaghan halqy bar Ýndistandy eshqanday qan tógissiz, kýsh kórsetpeusiz azattyqqa alyp barghan Mahatma Gandiyding Satiyagraha qozghalysynyng tyndyrghan isi úshan-teniz.

Mahatma Gandiyding basshylyghymen Satiyagraha qozghalysynyng mýsheleri - aghylshyndar tarapynan kórsetilip jatqan barlyq әdiletsizdikke ýn-týnsiz, kýsh-kórsetusiz qarsylyq kórsetu, úryp jatsa da, óltirip jatsa da, abaqtylargha qamap jatsa da - tis jarmau, otyryp alu siyaqty әdisterdi keninen qoldanady.

Ýndistangha syrttan basqynshylyr tarapynan әkelingen barlyq tauarlardy tútynbau, kereksiz etu, tek qana ýndining tauarlaryn tútynu, ýndi tilinde sóileu, t.b. Mahatma Gandiyding Satiyagraha qozghalysy qoyghan talaptar aghylshyn otarlaushylaryn tyghyryqqa tiregeni anyq. Ol otarlaushylardyng syrttan әkelgen tauarlary - múndaghylargha mýldem kereksiz bolyp, Angliyadaghy iri alpauyttardyng ózi shashetek shyghyngha batyp, óz ýkimetine eriksiz narazylyqtar kórsete bastaydy. Biylik pen halyq arasyndaghy úzaqqa sozylghan teketires - aghylshyn otarlaushylaryn otar elderin tastap, eriksiz bassaughalaularyna sebep bolady. Mine qantógissiz, kýsh kórsetusiz bostandyqqa jetu dep osyny aitsa kerek. Búl - sózsiz Mahatma Gandy bastaghan Satiyagraha qozghalysynyng basty Jenisi.

"Satyagraha-ashramnyng negizi 1915 jyldyng 25 mamyrynda salynghan"(búl da sonda) dep Mahatma Gandiyding ózi aitqanday búl qozghalystyng tarihy bay edi. Qozghalys týpki nәtiyjege qol jetkizdi.

"Jan-jaqtyly jýrgizgen tәjiriybem Aqiqattan ózge qúdaydyng joqtyghyna kózimdi jetkizdi. Jәne eger búl kitaptyng әr beti oqyrmangha Aqiqatty týsinuding birden-bir joly ahimsa ekendigin kórsete almasa, onda kitap jazghan enbegim zaya ketti dep oilaymyn. Jәne tipti tógilgen manday terim esh bolyp shyqsa da, oqyrman bile jýrsin, búghan úly prinsip emes, tandap alghan jolym kinәli. Óitkeni ahimsagha, satiyagrahagha, brahmachangha degen talpynystarym neshe jerden shynayy bolghanymen, olar әli de jetilmegen, jetkiliksiz. Sondyqtan kózim shalyp qalghan Aqiqattyng jylt etken bolmashy sәuleleri kýn sayyn kórip jýrgen kýn shapaghynan million ese kýshti, aityp jetkizgisiz Aqiqat shúghylasyn ashatyn oidy bildire alar ma eken. Mening kórip, bilgenim bar bolghany osy bir orasan zor júldyzdyng kómeski jypylyqtaghany ghana. Biraq kәmil senimmen aita alamyn, búl da mening izdenisterimning jemisi, tek ahimsany tolyq tanyghanda ghana Aqiqatty әbden anyq kóruge bolady" dep úly oishyl, ghúlama, danyshpan, úly túlgha, Ýndistan tәuelsizdigining jaryq júldyzy Mahatma Gandy "Mening ómirim" atty kitabynyng songhy tarauynda ózi aitqanday Aqiqattyng aq jolyn tapqan adam.

Ýndistan tәuelsizdik alghannan keyin biylik basyna kim kelui sóz bolghanda - Mahatma Gandy biyik lauazymnan ózi bas tartady, ornyna Ýndistannyng taghy bir úly perzenti Djavharlar Nerudi taghayyndaudy ótinedi. Óitkeni búl eki azamat ta Ýndistannyng tәuelsizdigi jolynda kristalday taza adamdar edi. Djavaharlal Neru da - Mahatma Gandiydi janynday sýigen, onyng prinsipterine adal berilgen, ómirining aqyryna deyin oghan adal bolghan asyl azamat. Ýndistannyng osy bir qos perzenti - barsha ýndi halqy ýshin ayauly beyneler. Ekeuin bólip qarau mýmkin emes siyaqty. Biraq Mahatma Gandiyding orny erekshe!

Aghylshyn otarlaushylary Ýndistangha amalsyz bostandyq berse de, Kashmirdi, Pәkstandy ekige bólip, budda men islamnyng ortasyna ot jaghyp ketti. Búl ot býginge deyin basylatyn emes. Sol bir qauipti jyldary Mahatma Gandy eki dinning ortasyna arashashy retin jatyp alyp, ashtyq jariyalap, eki jaq amalsyz kelisimge keletin bolghan song ghana ashtyghyn toqtatqany belgili. Biraq ýndistannyng budda dinindegi bir jauyzdyng ýndining úly perzentin qastandyqpen óltirui -eshbir aqtaugha jatpaytyn qastandyq ekeni dausyz.

Mine qadirli oqyrman, Ýndistannnyng úly perzenti Mahatma Gandy jónindegi qysqasha әngimemizdi osymen ayaqtaymyz.

IV. TÝIIN

Ýndistannyng azattyghy jolynda Mahatma Gandy jalghyz kýresti desek qatelesken bolar edik. M.Gandiydey ruhy biyik úly túlghany jebep, jelep jýrgen Ýndistan halqynyng nebir tamasha perzentteri tariyhq atty óshpes kitapqa óz esimderin altyn әriptermen qaldyrdy. Esimderin ataytyn bolsaq olar mynalar:

Eng aldymen M.Gandiyding kýresker serigi, Ýndistannyng túnghysh Premier-Ministri Djavaharlal Neru, halyq Kongresining belgili kóshbasshylary - Bepin Chandra Lal, L.L. Ray, Gopal Krishna Gókhale, Balangadhar Tilak, Rabindranat Tagor, Pateli, Radjendra Prasad, Sarat Chandra Bos, S. Radjagopalachariya, Asaf Ali, Djagdjivan Ram, Djon Matthay, Mtilal Neru, Abbas tiyabdji, M.R. Djayyakar, t.b. esimderin zor qúrmetpen auyzgha alugha bolady ( búl derekter "JZL" seriyasy boyynsha A.Gorev, V. Zimyaninning Neru, Moskva, "Molodoya gvardiya", 1980 g. jaryq kórgen kitabynan alyndy).

Tәuelsiz Ýndistannyng býgingi halqynyng sany ol tústa 300 millionnyng o jaq, bú jaghynda edi jәne halqynyng 90 payyzy auyldy jerde túratyn ( búl da sonda). Sol songhy kórsetkishtegi halyq tútastay Mahatma Gandiyding sonynan ergen jәne ony әulie tútqanynyng ózinen kóp nәrseni angharugha bolady. Býgingi tәuelsiz Qazaqstannyng negizgi túrghyny qazaqtardyng da deni býginge deyin auyldy jerde túratyny qay-qaysysymyzdy oilantqany jón siyaqty.

"Ýndistan men Pәkstan arasyndaghy alghashqy dau-janjal kezinde 1947 jyldyng 31 nauryzynda Deliyge viyse-korolt Mautbettenning arnayy shaqyruymen kelgen M.Gandiy:

- Eger Halyq Kongresi Ýndistannyng ekige bólinuine dauys beretin bolsa, onda olar mening óligimning ýstinen attap baryp qana onday qadam jasay alady. Tiri kezimde Ýndistannyng ekige bólinuine ólip bara jatsam da jol bermeymin!" - degen ( 307-b.).

Mahatma Gandiydi asa qúrmettegen Djavaharlal Neru ol turaly 1926 jyly bylay degen:

"Gandy - krestiyandyq kózqarasy bar, dýniye-mýlik, kiyim-keshegi de sodan aumaghan úly krestiyaniyn... Gandy kósem retinde aspannan týse qalghan joq. Milliondaghan ash-jalanash qarapayym halyqtyng arasynan shyqty, solardyng múnyn múndady, joghyn joqtady. Onyng ózi aitqanday "basty armany - barlyq adamdardyng kóz jasyn qúrghatu" edi (121-bet).

"Mahatma Gandy 1948 jyldyng 30 qantary kýni nemereleri Ava men Manudy qasyna alyp, qashanghysynday tap-taza aq kiyimin ýstine ilip, baq ishindegi Jaratqangha jalbarynu ornyna aqyryn basyp kele jatady. Saghat tili tura 17 saghat 17 minutty kórsetip túr edi. Ýstine haky kiygen beytanys bir adam toptan suyrylyp algha shyghyp M.Gandiyge:

- Býgin siz keshigip qaldynyz.

- IYә,- dep aqyryn dauysymen asyqpay jauap bere bergen kósemge qatarynan eki ret oq atylady. Ol oqtyng biri - dәl jýrekke, ekinshisi - ishin kóktey ótken edi.

- Qúdayym-ay!..-degen jalghyz auyz sózge ghana kelgen Mahatma Gandiyding shyttay taza aq kiyimi qyzyl qangha boyalyp, úly túlgha mәngilikke kóz júmady..." (búl da sonda, 322-bet).

Cony

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