Ádette, Qazaqstandaghy industrialdy-innovasiyalyq damu baghdarlamasyn jýzege asyru ýshin klasterlerdi paydalanu tetigin qalyptastyru kerektigin úrandaghanda, ernimiz «tiyme desem, tiyedi». Kópsózdilik basym. «Kósh - jýre týzeledi» degendey, sol auyzsha bastamany 2015 jylgha deyin birjaqty etpek oiymyz da joq emes. Ol ýshin ne isteu kerek? Mine, mәsele!..

Teoriyadan bastasaq...

Jalpy, klaster degenimizding ózi - belgili bir ónim shygharatyn nysannyng ózge de óndiris oryndarymen yqpaldasa әreket jasap, el ekonomikasynyng jan-jaqty sala boyynsha damuyna sebepker bolyp tabylady. Ásirese, ol auyl sharuashylyghy mamandarynyng tәjiriybesine tәn qúbylys retinde qalyptasuda. Búl rette, klasterdi tek ózara baylanysta jýrip, mol tabysqa kenelgen belgili bir firmalardyng jiyntyghy dep qana týsinetinder kóp. Mýlde olay emes!

Klasterding naqty teoriyasy, ol - qosymsha qúndy jasau barysynda tyghyz baylanysqa týsken ónim óndirushiler men ony jetkizushilerdin,  tútynushylardyng jәne ónerkәsiptik infraqúrylymdar elementterining toraby, jelisi, jýiesi! Qysqasy, Qazaqstan ekonomikasyn ózinshe zerttegen Kristian Ketels ony aumaqtyq yqshamdalghan jәne ekonomikada jetekshi oryngha ie  jeke salalar shenberindegi bәsekege qabiletti kәsiporyndardyng toby dep bir-aq týsindiredi. Biraq, Ketels myrzanyng ózi sol «toptyn» ýdesinen shyghamyz ba, joq pa degen súraqtyng jauabyn «jasyryp» әlek.

Ádette, Qazaqstandaghy industrialdy-innovasiyalyq damu baghdarlamasyn jýzege asyru ýshin klasterlerdi paydalanu tetigin qalyptastyru kerektigin úrandaghanda, ernimiz «tiyme desem, tiyedi». Kópsózdilik basym. «Kósh - jýre týzeledi» degendey, sol auyzsha bastamany 2015 jylgha deyin birjaqty etpek oiymyz da joq emes. Ol ýshin ne isteu kerek? Mine, mәsele!..

Teoriyadan bastasaq...

Jalpy, klaster degenimizding ózi - belgili bir ónim shygharatyn nysannyng ózge de óndiris oryndarymen yqpaldasa әreket jasap, el ekonomikasynyng jan-jaqty sala boyynsha damuyna sebepker bolyp tabylady. Ásirese, ol auyl sharuashylyghy mamandarynyng tәjiriybesine tәn qúbylys retinde qalyptasuda. Búl rette, klasterdi tek ózara baylanysta jýrip, mol tabysqa kenelgen belgili bir firmalardyng jiyntyghy dep qana týsinetinder kóp. Mýlde olay emes!

Klasterding naqty teoriyasy, ol - qosymsha qúndy jasau barysynda tyghyz baylanysqa týsken ónim óndirushiler men ony jetkizushilerdin,  tútynushylardyng jәne ónerkәsiptik infraqúrylymdar elementterining toraby, jelisi, jýiesi! Qysqasy, Qazaqstan ekonomikasyn ózinshe zerttegen Kristian Ketels ony aumaqtyq yqshamdalghan jәne ekonomikada jetekshi oryngha ie  jeke salalar shenberindegi bәsekege qabiletti kәsiporyndardyng toby dep bir-aq týsindiredi. Biraq, Ketels myrzanyng ózi sol «toptyn» ýdesinen shyghamyz ba, joq pa degen súraqtyng jauabyn «jasyryp» әlek.

Jә, elimizde jýrgizilip otyrghan ekonomikalyq sayasattyng negizinen bәsekege qabiletti últtyq ekonomikany qalyptastyrugha baghyttalghanyn zerdelesek, mynaday jәitti ústanamyz...

...damu mýmkindigimiz...

Qazaqstannyng soltýstik-shyghys ónirinde sýt, astyq jәne et klasterleri damuy kerek desek, ontýstik jaghynda qalayda maqta, jemis-kókónis klasterleri basymyraq boluy tiyis. Al Astana, Almaty qalalarynda auyl sharuashylyghy ónimderi qayta óndelip qana qoymay, dayyn taghamdyq ónimder de óndirilse kerek. Onymen qosa, oblys ortalyqtary sanalatyn iri qalalar da birdey mýmkindikke iye. Oghan әr aimaqtaghy ghylymiy-zertteu instituttary, ghylymiy-óndiristik ortalyqtar, jobalau-konstruktorlyq úiymdar, ghylymy mamandar dayarlaytyn oqu oryndary, iri qarjylyq mekemeler júmys jasaytyny aighaq.

Osynau jetistikpen eseptegende, oblysty qospaghannyng ózinde, 290 audandyq, 56 audanaralyq klasterlerdi úiymdastyrugha mýddeli ekenbiz. Tipti, qyza-qyza kele «iri qalalar tónireginde 28 agroónerkәsiptik klasterler qúrugha bolady» dep saldy keybir qazaqstandyq zertteushiler. Ol ústanymmen kelissek, әlgilerding memlekettik qoldau qúrylymdary da bar kórinedi. Aytamyz, ә?..

...ghylymy tәjiriybege tireledi

Endigi sózdi óndiristik klasterge tiresek, óndirushilerding aldymen óz ónimine qoyylatyn talaptardy aiqyn bilui tiyis ekendigine toqtalamyz. Búl - Dýniyejýzilik sauda úiymyna kiru arqyly әlemdik bәsekege qabiletti bolu tiyimdiligin arttyratyn alghyshart. Sodan keyin bir maqsatty sharuashylyqtar qajetti reaktivtermen qamtamasyz etilip, ghylymy mekemeler de arnauly zerthanalarmen jabdyqtalsa jaqsy. Sóitken jaghdayda ghana ghylymy negizdi tapsyrystar qoldanysqa enip, eleuli nәtiyje beretin bolady. Ol ýshin óndirushiler psihologiyasyna yqpal etu jaghyn oilastyrghanymyz útymdyraq. Áytpese, bizde jergilikti ghalymdardyng sheshimderin shetinen kerte paydalanu nemese olardy arnayy sarapqa salyp otyru jaghy kemshin. Naqty mehanizmi joq!

Almatydaghy jalghyz-aq Qazaq últtyq agrarlyq uniyversiytetining ghalymdary bir ghana oblysta klasterlik baghytty damytudy qolgha alyp edi, sony maldanghanday keyipte shirenip otyrghan siqymyz mynau!

Elimiz әlemdegi damyghan elu elding qataryna kiretindikten, auylsharuashylyghy ónimderining baghasyn retteu qajet emes pe?! Ol nege qalypty jolgha qoyylmaghan? Memleket tarapynan qabyldanghan auyl sharuashylyghyn retteu turaly zanda búl mәsele kózge shúqyp kórsetilse de, qimylymyz әli bәsen. Sheteldik tәjiriybeler de osy sala ónimining baghasyn qúldyratpau mehanizminen ozyq ýlgi úsynyp otyrghanyn eskermey jýrmiz. Anau alpauyt Qytay ózderining basy jaqsy júmys isteytin refarmatorlary Den Syaypinning arqasynda ekonomikalyq baghytta erekshe qarqyn alyp ketti. Ol: «Biz ózimizge shet elding tek ozyq tәjiriybesin beyimdey aluymyz kerek», - depti. Áne, búl endi... Myqshegening maqamy!

Al bizde ónimi týgil sol auyldardyng ózi joyyludyng aldynda túrghanyn mening qalada tuyp-ósken dosym da biledi.

Auyl sharuashylyghy alansyz bolsa...

Qazaqstanda «Azyq-týlik korporasiyasy» jәne sol siyaqty basqa da memlekettik úiymdar qúrylghany mәlim. Nege ekenin qaydam, olar da әli kýnge deyin naryqtyq baghany qalyptastyrugha asyghar emes.

Búrynyraqta elimizding Auyl sharuashylyghy ministrligi osy klaster mәselesine baylanysty jiyn ótkizip, ónimdi satqanda týsken paydanyng tek 25 payyzy ghana auyl sharuashylyghy ónimderin óndirushilerding ýlesine tiyetindigin dәleldegen bolatyn. Qalghan 75 payyzdy arada jýrgen deldaldar men satyp alushylar iyemdengen. Múnday jaghday auyl sharuashylyghy óndirisining ekonomikalyq negizin qalyptastyrmaydy da! Al sheteldik tәjiriybede әr bir ónim qúnynyng 60-65 payyzy bastapqy óndirushining ýlesine tiyetindigi kәdimgidey zang jýzinde rettelgen. Kerek deseniz, bizding memlekette auyl sharuashylyghy ónimderin ótkizuden týsken qarjygha jana tehnika satyp alatyn shama taghy joq. Ábden tozyghy jetken tehnikalar arqyly ónim sapasyn arttyra alamyz dep kór...

Qazaq auyl sharuashylyghyn «kóterem» kýige týsirgen jәne bir kedergi - nesiye! Qarapayym ghana mysal: auyl sharuashylynyng óónimderin óótkizu baghasy tómen, al bankterdinng payyzdyqq qúny odan joghary bolsa, shynymen de osy salany qoldap, qorghap otyrmyz deu - ertegi. Salyqqisi de solay. Ónimge salyq salghanda, ony óndirushi kәsiporynnyng óndeushi kәsiporynnan qanshalyqty qashyqtyqta ornalasqany, olardyng osyghan baylanysty qansha shyghyn shygharatyny eskerilui mindet qoy!? Nege óitpeymiz?

Shyn mәninde, Halyqaralyq valuta qory men Batystyng sol siyaqty qarjy úiymdary týgeldey sharuashylyq jýielerin reformalau tәjiriybesine negizdelgen sharalardyng qorjynyn jasap, olardy biz siyaqty damushy elderge úsynghan. Biraq, olardyng qatang talaptaryna moyynsúnar TMD-ny bayqamadyq. Keyin qalypty daghdarysqa qarsy sharalardy qaradýrsin qoldana salyp, qolaysyzdyqqa dushar boludyng qisynyn keltirip jiberdik. Ásirese, Qazaqstanda ekonomikalyq jýiening kenestik qalpyn naryqtyq baghytqa almastyru - qoghamdyq damu әreketin evolusiyalyq jolmen auystyru ekendigi eskerilmedi. Bizde ótpeli kezenning ekonomikalyq teoriyasy jasalmaghan edi. Sondyqtan, naryqtyq qatynastargha әleumettik túrghyda iykemdelu qajettigine mәn berilgen joq. Osynday obiektivti zandylyqtardy elemeu - әli kýnge deyin útymdy ekonomikalyq sayasatty iske asyrugha bóget jasap-aq keledi.

P.S.: Memleketimizde ozyq klasterler jýiesin qalyptastyru qajettigine qayshy keletin basty mәseleler osy. Ong jambasqa kelip túrghan kemistik. Tek «әup!» dese boldy...

Erkeghaly BEYSENOV, Astana