HH ghasyrdyng bas kezi sol kezendegi býkil qazaq eli, qoghamy ýshin týrli sayasi, azamattyq baghyttardyng ózara qaqtyghysy men kýreske toly kezeng boldy.

Eldegi sayasi, әleumettik-ekonomikalyq, qoghamdyq oi-pikirlerding qalyptasyp, últtyq sana sezimning órleuine mýmkindik tuyp jәne oyanu dәuirine jol ashylghany belgili. Osy tústa halyq sanasynyng damuyna ózindik yqpal etken birden-bir qozghaushy kýsh bolghan baspasóz ekendigi aiqyn. Atalghan kezendegi merzimdi baspasóz turaly arnayy zertteu enbekter men maqalalar jaryq kórip, az jazylghan joq.

Qazaq merzimdi baspasózin alghashqy tyng zertteuler HH ghasyrdyng 50- jyldary jaryq kóre bastady. HH ghasyrdyng basynda qazaq dalasynda búqaralyq aqparat qúraldaryna degen súranys úlghaya bastady. Qazaqtyng bolashaq qogham qayratkerleri Sankt-Peterburg, Mәskeu, Ufa, Qazan, Orynbor, Omby, Saratov, t.b. qalalarynda oqyp jýrgen kezderinde sol jerlerde jaryq kórgen gazetterdegi ozyq oily maqalalardy el ishine keninen nasihattady. Últtyq baspasózding ósui qazaq ziyalylarynyng ósip, qalyptasuyna mol mýmkindik tughyzdy. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde  halyq arasynda ghylym men bilimge degen qúlshynys arta týsti.

HH ghasyrdyng bas kezi sol kezendegi býkil qazaq eli, qoghamy ýshin týrli sayasi, azamattyq baghyttardyng ózara qaqtyghysy men kýreske toly kezeng boldy.

Eldegi sayasi, әleumettik-ekonomikalyq, qoghamdyq oi-pikirlerding qalyptasyp, últtyq sana sezimning órleuine mýmkindik tuyp jәne oyanu dәuirine jol ashylghany belgili. Osy tústa halyq sanasynyng damuyna ózindik yqpal etken birden-bir qozghaushy kýsh bolghan baspasóz ekendigi aiqyn. Atalghan kezendegi merzimdi baspasóz turaly arnayy zertteu enbekter men maqalalar jaryq kórip, az jazylghan joq.

Qazaq merzimdi baspasózin alghashqy tyng zertteuler HH ghasyrdyng 50- jyldary jaryq kóre bastady. HH ghasyrdyng basynda qazaq dalasynda búqaralyq aqparat qúraldaryna degen súranys úlghaya bastady. Qazaqtyng bolashaq qogham qayratkerleri Sankt-Peterburg, Mәskeu, Ufa, Qazan, Orynbor, Omby, Saratov, t.b. qalalarynda oqyp jýrgen kezderinde sol jerlerde jaryq kórgen gazetterdegi ozyq oily maqalalardy el ishine keninen nasihattady. Últtyq baspasózding ósui qazaq ziyalylarynyng ósip, qalyptasuyna mol mýmkindik tughyzdy. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde  halyq arasynda ghylym men bilimge degen qúlshynys arta týsti.

1870-1882 jyldary aralyghynda Týrkistan general-gubernatorlyghynyng ortalyghy Tashkent qalasynda «Týrkistan ualayatynyng gazeti» (ózbekshe, qazaqsha), 1888-1902 jyldary Dala general-gubernatorlyghynyng ortalyghy Ombyda «Aqmola oblysynyng vedomosine» qosymsha retinde «Dala ualayatynyng gazeti» jaryq kórdi.

1888 jyldan bastau alghan «Dala ualayaty», «Qazaq» (1913j. Orynbor), «Serke» (1907j), «Qazaq gazeti» (1907,Orynbor), «Qazaqstan» (1911j, Orda, Oral), «Saryarqa» (1917 Semey), «Ýsh jýz» (1917j. Qyzyljar), «Úran» (1917j. Astrahan) gazetteri jәne «Ayqap» (1911j.), «Abay» jurnaldarynyng jýrip ótken joldary halqymyzdyng basynan ótken tarihynyng óshpes betterine ainaldy.

Qazaq baspasózining bastauy tarihynda atalghan gazet ataularynyng ózi ózindik manyzy, maqsatyn naqty aiqyndap túr desek artyq aitqandyq emes.

Qazaqstannyng batys ólkesinde «halyqtyng kózi hәm sózi» retinde gazet shygharu iydeyasy kóterilgen tústa  kósh basynda E. Búiriyn, Gh.Qarash, B.Qarataev,  A. Mәmbetov, B.Niyazov túrdy.

Sonyng ishinde Batyrqayyr Týsipúly Niyazovty bóle-jara aitugha tura keletindigi aiqyn. Respublika dengeyinde aty az atalsa da, qoghamdyq-sayasy ómirindegi san-sanaly qyzmetterinde gazet shygharu salasyna da qatysty derekter bar ekeni mәlim.

Resey Federasiyasy Astrahan oblysy memlekettik múraghaty qorlarynda elimizding tól tarihyna qatysty qoghamdyq-sayasi, әleumettik-ekonomikalyq ómirinen derek beretin asa manyzdy qújattardyng molynan ekendigi belgili. Atalghan múraghattaghy ótken tarihymyzgha qatysty derekterding biri alghash «Alash» gazetin shygharu turaly qúndy mәlimetterding boluy.

Alghashqy ret «Alash» gazetin shygharu turaly mәlimet Astrahan  oblysy memlekettik múraghatynda saqtalghan qorlarda Batyrqayyr Niyazovtyng atalghan gazetti shygharugha qatysty qújattary jinaqtalghan.

«Alash» atauyn gazetke qoi iydeyasy batys ólkeden bastau alatyndyghyn múraghat qorlary anyqtay týsedi. Onyng jarqyn mysaly tómendegidey.

Ómirge keletin jana gazetting atauyn «Alash» qongynyng ózinde de birneshe mәn-maghyna bar bolatyn. «Alash» atauy  qazaqqa jaqyn da, qasterli edi.

«Alash» - ejelgi qazaq taypalarynyng eng alghashqy qauymdastyghy, birikken odaghy, sonymen birge «Alash» - ata-babalarymyzdyn, yaghny barlyq qazaq júrtynyng qasiyetti ata úrany.

Sondyqtan da ýnparaqty shygharushy elding basyndaghy qiyn-qystau jaghdaydy angharyp, otarlyq búghaudan bosanuyna osy ataudyng dem berip, ótkir ýn qatuyna zәridey sebepshi bolsyn degen ýmit-maqsaty jatsa kerek-ti.

«Alash» qazaqtyng jalpyúlttyq jauyngerlik úrany retinde halyqtyng jadynan shyqpaghanynyng jarqyn mysaly, Reseyding II Memlekettik Duma mýshesi, qogham qayratkeri, zanger B.Qarataevty «Alash» atauymen jaryq kóretin gazetke redaktorlyqqa shaqyrugha úmtylysy aighaq.

Sonau 1908 jyldyng 15 mausym kýngi «Turgayskaya gazetinin» №24 sanynda «K izdanii kazahskoy gazety» atty maqala jaryq kórdi. Atalghan maqalada Sankt-Peterburgte qazaq tilinde gazet, jurnal jәne broshuralar shygharu ýshin qogham úiymdastyrylghany jazylady. Búl qoghamdy qúrudy qolgha alghan belgili bay mesenattar I. Jamanshalov pen Ramiev boldy.  Imperiya astanasynan shygharylatyn bolashaq «Alash» gazetining redaktorlyghyna B. Qarataev shaqyrylady.

Qazaq ziyalylary «Alash» atauynyng týp tórkini erkindikti bildiretin qasiyetti úghym ekendigin tamyrshyday tap basqan.

Alash qayratkerleri ókilderining biri H.Dosmúhamedov 1913 jyly «Qazaq» gazetine «Alash ne sóz» taqyrybymen maqala jariyalap, maghynasyna anyqtama bergen. Qazaq oqyghandarynyng Batys Qazaqstan ónirinde «Alash» atauymen  gazet shygharu maqsattary jýzege aspaghanymen keyin osy atauymen ýkimet, partiya qúrylghany belgili, al «Alash» gazeti 1916 jyly K.Toghysovtyng redaktorlyghymen Tashkent qalasynda jaryq kórip, ómiri qysqa bolyp 1917 jyly jabylghany mәlim.

Tashkentte shyqqan «Alash» gazetining atauy bir kezderi kýn tәrtibine kótergen Batyrqayyr Niyazovtyng bastamasynyng zandy jalghasy boldy jәne onyng ózindik sebepteri mynada bolsa kerek. Alash ziyalylary otarlyq ezgi men feodaldyq mesheulikten arylu, ayaq asty bolghan últtyq mýddeni qorghau, qazaq elin mәdeniyetti, órkeniyetti elder qataryna qosuda bir-birimen pikirles, niyettes bolghandyghy sózsiz. Sondyqtan da B.Niyazovtyng «Alash» gazetin shygharu iydeyasynyng jýzege asuy dep týsingenimiz jón.

Endi alghash «Alash» dep aidar taghyp, ýkilegen gazetting tarihyna qysqasha toqtala ketsek.

Gazet shygharugha bastamashy bolghan  Batyrqayyr Niyazov 1896 jyly Peterburg uniyversiytetining zang fakulitetin 24 jasynda I-dәrejeli diplommen bitirgen. Ol 1896-1907 jyldary Torghyn, Talov qisymdarynyng basqarushysy, al 1907-1910 jyldar aralyghynda Ishki Orda Uaqytsha Kenesining tóraghasynyng kenesshisi qyzmet atqarghan kórnekti túlgha. Ol keyin «Alash» atauymen partiya jәne ýkimetting qúrylatyn, oghan ózining mýshe bolatyndyghyn bilmegende bolar.

Kollej kenesshisi sheninde otstavkagha shyghyp, Talov jaghynda túrady. Aqpan tónkerisinen keyin B.Niyazov Bókey Ordasynan 1917 jylghy Orynbor qalasynda ótken I, II Jalpyqazaq sezderine belsene qatysty. Jeltoqsanda Alashorda ýkimetin qúrghan sezde ýkimet qúramyna saylanghan azamat. Aumaly-tókpeli zaman tughan 1917 jyly últtyq qozghalystyng Alashorda partiyasy halyqqa úsynghan sayasy baghdarlamany Bókey Ordasynyng jerinde iske asyrugha belsene qyzmet atqarghan.

Ol 1911 jyldyng qyrkýiek aiynyng 4 júldyzynda Astrahan gubernatory Sokolovskiyding atyna qazaq tilinde «Alash» atauymen gazet shygharugha rúqsat súrap hat jazady.  Gazetting atauyn qazaqtyn  últtyq ruh úrany «Alash» atauymen atap, ortalyqtan shetkeri aimaqta shygharylatyn bolashaq gazetting baghdarlamasynda:

1. Qazaqtargha qatysty arnayy habarlamalar;

2. Mәdeniyet jәne otyryqshyldyq turaly maqalalar;

3. Ártýrli ishki jәne syrtqy habarlar;

4. Jedelhattar;

5. Ordadan jәne dalalyq oblystardan kelip týsken kýndelikti oqighalar turaly hat-habarlar;

6. Ghylymy mazmúndaghy maqalalar, felietondar, әngimeler, audarmalar;

7. Habarlandyrular beru qarastyrylady.

Gazetting aldyna qoyghan maqsat-mýddesin B.Niyazov tómendegishe bayan etedi. Qazaqtar arasynda otyryqshyldyqqa jәne orys mәdeniyetin, bilim men ghylymdy nasihattap taratu ekendigi jәne gazetke jazylu baghasynda kórsete ketudi úmytpaydy, yaghny bir jylghy jazylu 4 rubli, 6 aigha - 2 rubli, 3 aigha - 1rubli. Bolashaq gazetti Astrahandaghy «Okur-Apresyans» baspahanasynan shygharmaq oiyn bildiredi.

Gazetti kórsetilgen baghdarlamalar negizinde 1912 jyldyng 1 qantarynan bastap ózining redaksiyalauymen shygharudy gubernatordyng nazaryna qatynas qaghaz arqyly joldaydy.

1912 jyldyng 12 qyrkýieginde gazet shygharu ýshin gerb alymy (memleket alymynyng bir týri) 2 rubli 50 kop. tólegen.

B.Niyazovtan ótinish týskennen keyin 1 aidan song 11 qazan kýni viyse -gubernator Maksimov Novyy Uzeni uezining polisiya bastyghyna Batyrqayyr Niyazovtyng ýstinen qúpiya týrde mәlimet jinau jóninde arnayy tapsyrma beredi.

Óz kezeginde Ishki Orda Uaqytsha Kenesi tóraghasyna gubernator Sokolovskiy qysqa merzim uaqytta B.Niyazovtyng is-әreketi turaly jәne ol arqyly gazetting jyldyq, sauda-sattyqtaghy baghasyn bilip berudi tapsyrady.

1912 jyldyng 20 qantarynda Astrahan gubernatoryna Ishki Orda Uaqytsha Kenesi tóraghasynan B.Niyazovtyng Samara guberniyasy, Novo-Uzeni uezining Malyy Uzeni slobodkasynda túratyndyghyn, minez-qúlqynan memleketke qarsy teris kózqarasynyng joqtyghy habarlanady.  Patsha ýkimeti әkimshiligining qatang baqylauynyng tekserui nәtiyjesinde B.Niyazovtyng Ishki Ordanyng Talov qisymyndaghy auylynda túratyndyghy anyqtalady. Gubernator kensesi 8 aqpan kýni B.Niyazov Astrahan qalasynda túraqty týrde túratyn bolyp kóship kelgenge deyin gazet shygharu mәselesin keyinge qaldyru turaly sheshimdi ótinish iyesine joldaydy.  Búl sheshimmen «Alash» atauymen gazetin shygharugha úmtylghan  B.Niyazov jeke tanysyp qolyn qoyghan. Patsha ýkimetining qazaq jerindegi «Alash» gazetining shyghuyna qarsy boluynyng da birneshe sebepteri bolghany aiqyn.

Birinshiden, Resey imperiyasyn dýr silkindirgen 1905-1907  jylghy revolusiya úshqyny da qazaq dalasyna jetken bolatyn.

Qazaq qoghamy últtyq sananyng oyanu dәuirin bastan keship jatqan tústa taza últshyldyq sipattaghy «Alash» sózi patsha ýkimeti әkimshilik organdaryn ýreylendirse kerek-ti.

Ekinshiden, Batys Qazaqstangha shektes Orynbor, Astrahan, Saratov,  Qazan, Ufa qalalarynda bilim alghan qazaq oqyghandarynyng patsha әkimshiligining jýrgizip otyrghan otarlau sayasatynyng mәnin búqara halyqqa gazet arqyly jetkizu sayasy kýrestegi eng tiyimdi de qolayly tәsili ekendigin biletin patsha ýkimetining qúpiya baqylau organdary jan-jaqty habardar bolatyn.

Sondyqtan da «Alash» gazetining ómirge keluine ýkimet organdary tarapynan mýldem qoldau tappaytyny aqiqat edi.

Degenmen de bolashaqqa nyq senimmen qaraghan qazaq ziyalylary gazet atauyn «Alash» qoyghan...

Ahmet Aqqaliy

H.Dosmúhamedov atyndaghy

Atyrau memlekettik

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