Saghat Jýsip. Syr boyyndaghy asharshylyq pen indet
Ótken ghasyrdyng otyzynshy jyldaryndaghy Úly asharshylyq jayly kóbirek aityp, jazyp kele jatsaq ta, 1918-1920 jyldarda bastalghan Kishi asharshylyq jayly jazylghan enbekter kóp emes. Múraghat derekterinde Kishi asharshylyq 1921 jyldary Qazaqstannyng bes guberniyasy men bir uezinde, atap aitqanda 2,5 million halyq túratyn Orynbor, Aqtóbe, Oral, Bókey, Qostanay guberniyalary men Aday uezinde bolghanyn aitady.
Asharshylyq jayly derekterge tereng ýnilip zertteytin bolsaq, qazaqtyng azapty tarihynyng qiyn kezderi 1918 jyldan yaghny kenes ýkimeti qúryla bastaghannan bastau alady. Naqtylap aitar bolsaq, Syr boyyndaghy asharshylyq 1917 jyldyng ayaghynda Perovskidegi sovdep basyna atyshuly qanisher Iosif Gerjod kelgen kezden oryn alghan. Asharshylyqtyng týp tórkini sonymen birge, azamat soghysy, qalyptasqan sharuashylyq pen basqaru jýiesining toqyrauy, bolishevikterding elding әleumettik, sayasy mәselelerin sheshe almaghandyghynan bolghandyghy belgili .
Ótken ghasyrdyng otyzynshy jyldaryndaghy Úly asharshylyq jayly kóbirek aityp, jazyp kele jatsaq ta, 1918-1920 jyldarda bastalghan Kishi asharshylyq jayly jazylghan enbekter kóp emes. Múraghat derekterinde Kishi asharshylyq 1921 jyldary Qazaqstannyng bes guberniyasy men bir uezinde, atap aitqanda 2,5 million halyq túratyn Orynbor, Aqtóbe, Oral, Bókey, Qostanay guberniyalary men Aday uezinde bolghanyn aitady.
Asharshylyq jayly derekterge tereng ýnilip zertteytin bolsaq, qazaqtyng azapty tarihynyng qiyn kezderi 1918 jyldan yaghny kenes ýkimeti qúryla bastaghannan bastau alady. Naqtylap aitar bolsaq, Syr boyyndaghy asharshylyq 1917 jyldyng ayaghynda Perovskidegi sovdep basyna atyshuly qanisher Iosif Gerjod kelgen kezden oryn alghan. Asharshylyqtyng týp tórkini sonymen birge, azamat soghysy, qalyptasqan sharuashylyq pen basqaru jýiesining toqyrauy, bolishevikterding elding әleumettik, sayasy mәselelerin sheshe almaghandyghynan bolghandyghy belgili .
Sol kezdegi 300 myng halqy bar Perovsk uezinde onyng bes payyzyn ghana qúraytyn IY.Gerjod bastaghan slavyan ókilderi jergilikti halyqty adam qataryna qospay qaytsek biylikti óz qolymyzgha myqty ústaymyz degen oida ghana boldy. Gerjod bastaghan bolishevikter ýshin olardyng arqa sýiegen kýshi, eng basty rolidi sol kezdegi Perovskige uaqytsha qaldyrylghan 3-i jәne 4-i Sibir polkteri (4- polk Qazaly stansasynda túrghan) atqardy. Soldattar uaqytsha ýkimetting soghysty onan әri jalghastyramyz degenine qarsy bolyp bolishevikterdi qoldaghan. Sonymen birge Perovskide avstriyalyq tútqyndar da ornalasqan bolatyn. Olar emin-erkin bos jýretin jaghdayda ómir sýrgen, Gerjodty qoldaghan. Gerjod ózin qoldaytyn 3-i polk (3 myng soldat) pen on bes myng slavyandyqtargha, milisiyasyna arqa sýiep tek solardyng ghana isher tamaghy, kiyer kiyimi, qaru-jaraghymen qamtamasyz etu jaghyn ghana oilaghan. Biylik qolyna op-onay týsken, saqaday say qaru-jaraghy bar, bir polk әskeri bar Gerjod oiyna kelgenin istegen. 15 myng slavyandyqtar men bir polk әskerine tamaq tabu maqsatynda bay sanalatyn qazaqtargha 3-5 myng somnan salyq salghan, malyn tәrkilegen, halyqty ýlken kýizeliske úshyratqan. Týrkistan respublikasynyng basshylyghyna da baghynbaghan. Sibir polkyn tarat, avstriyalyq tútqyndardy eline qaytar degen ortalyqtyng búiryghyn, aqtargha delegasiya jiberip túryp qalghan astyq vagondarynyng mәselesin beybit shesh degen núsqaudy da oryndamaghan. Tashkentke ótip bara jatqan astyq vagondaryn toqtatyp aghytyp alatyn bolghan. 1918 jyldyn mausym aiynda 12 astyq vagonyn toqtatyp tәrkilegen. Biraq, bәribir búl sharalar kómek bermey Syr elinde ashtyq bastalghan.
1918-1919 jyldyng qysynda bolghan ashtyqtyng saldarynan halyqtyng «25-n 50 payyzyna deyini ashtyqtan, suyqtan ólgen» («Izvestiya SIK Turkrespublikiy», 23 H1 1918 j). Sol uaqytta shyghyp túrghan «Novyy Turkestan» gazetindegi (19 02 1918 j) mynaday habarlar sol kezenge tәn edi: «Yangikorgan selosynda bir aptanyng ishinde ashtyqtan 35 adam óldi. Budal selosynda bir aptada ashtyqtan 43 adam óldi. Bәke selosynda sol merzimde ashtyqtan 37 adam óldi».
Sonymen birge taghy bir zúlmat - uez halqyna holera men sýzek indeti oiran saldy. Uezdik komissar Shuhardt 1918 jyldyng 15 mausymynda mynaday habar jibergen: «Tartoghayda indetten qyrylghandardyng kómilmey jatqandyghy jayly habardy tekserdim, mýrdeler eki saghattan úzatylmay tereng shúnqyrgha kómilip jatyr. Bir ghana ret 6 kýn boyy kómilmegen jaghday tekserildi, kinәlar jazalandy» degen. Mine, qazaq elindegi osynday jaghdaylardy bile otyryp bolisheviktik biylik asharshylyqqa úshyraghan Resey guberniyalaryna kómek berudi talap etti. Ózderi ashtyqta otyrghan qazaqtar reseylikterge auzynan jyryp kómek kórsetti. Atap aitar bolsaq, asharshylyq jaylaghan Povoljie halqyna 14 vagon balyq jibergen Aral balyqshylarynyng kómegi jayly kenestik zamanda talay jyr, әngime, dastandar aityldy. Áli kýnge deyin aitylyp ta keledi. Biraq sol kómek reseylikterge sol kezde jetti me eken? Jetpegen siyaqty.
«...Na frontah parovozy postoyanno stoyaly pod parami. Prishlosi upotrebiti vmesto nefty maslo (!), kotorogo v sutky sjigalosi do 6000 pudov. Na eto obratily serieznoe vnimaniye, y nyne rashod vyrajaetsya v 370 pudah. Na severnom jeleznodorojnom uchastke prishloi upotreblyati rybu v kachestve topliva (!!). V gromadnom kolichestve byla zagotovlena ryba iz Araliskogo morya dlya vyvoza v Rossii. No vvidu orenburgskogo fronta y otutstviya transporta chasti isporchennoy ryby prishlosi sjigati vmesto topliva» («Nasha gazeta» 14 mart 1919 j). Osynday derekter tolyp jatyr. Búl derekterdi Týrkistan respublikasynyng basshysy Kazakov kenesterding 7 sezinde oqyp berdi. (G.Safarov, «Kolonialinaya revolusiya»,(Opyt Turkestana), 1921 jyly Gosizdatta basylghan).
Talay adamdy ashtyqtan aman alyp qalatyn may men balyq parovozdyng ottyghyna jaghylghan! Ne degen súmdyq!
Úly asharshylyq osylay bastalghan edi. Múnyng bәrin kenestik iydeologiya sol zamanda jasyryp aitpady. Osy kezderden bastap qazaq elinde ashtyq, bosqynshylyq, indet jaylay bastady. Jaghdayy tәuirleu sanalatyn Týrkistan guberniyasyna qaray adamdar aghyla bastady. Kóp úzamay zorlap otyryqshyldandyru, odan keyin baylardyng malyn kәmpeskeleu, odan keyin Goloshekinning «Kishi qazan» tónkerisi úiymdastyrylyp, onyng ayaghy Úly asharshylyqqa, odan keyin jappay asu men atu t.s.s. bolyp jalghasa berdi.
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