«Dýniyede әdildik pen adaldyqty
 tu etken adamnan artyq eshkim joq», -
Shoqan Uәlihanov.

Jiyrmasynshy ghasyrdyng tanghajayyp janalyghynyng birin, yaghny ejelgi adamnyng alghash ret jylqyny qolgha qazirgi Qazaqstan aumaghynda ýiretkendigining arheologiyalyq dәlelin әlemge әigilegen - otandasymyz, nemis últynyng ókili, tarih ghylymynyng doktory, professor Viktor Fedorovich Zaybert (1947-2022).

Ghalymnyng 1980 jyly ashqan basty janalyghy - Botay mәdeniyeti. Ornalasqan aumaghy - Sol­týstik Qazaqstan oblysy, Ayyrtau audany Qazan auyldyq okrugine qarasty Nikoliskoe eldi mekeninen ontýstik-shyghysqa qaray birjarym shaqyrym jerde, kólemi 15 gektar.

Botay mәdeniyetining qúndylyghy jayly arheolog V.Zaybertting tújyrymdamasynda: «Botay qonysy Ortalyq Aziya dalasynda jylqyny qolgha ýiretuding eng alghashqy arheologiyalyq dәleli ispettes. Sonymen qatar qonystan tabylghan keramikalyq ydystardan lipid pen sýt maylarynyng qaldyqtary tabyluy - múnda jayy­lym­­dyq jylqy sharuashylyghy bolghandy­ghynyng bir dәleli. Yaghny b.z.d. IV myng jyldyqta qazaq dalasynda jylqy qol­gha ýiretilip, qymyz dayyndaldy. So­nymen qatar botaylyqtar qola dәuirine deyin eki myng jyl búryn mys qúral-saymandardy paydalandy. Olarda suret­shilik, zergerlik óneri erekshe damydy. Keybir artefaktilerding jasalu sheberligi tanghaldyrady. Búl mәdeniyet songhy alty myng jyl ishinde, andronov, saq-sarmat, qanly, týrik-qypshaq, t.b. euraziyalyq dala­lyq mәdeniyetter arqyly jýieli damyp, olardyng tarihiy-mәdeni, etnostyq, antro­pologiyalyq ereksheligin boyyna sinire otyryp, qazirgi týrik etnosyna qosyldy», dep jazylghan (egemen.kz 09.02.2021).

Rasynda da, búl tarihtaghy tanghajayyp janalyqtardyng biri edi. Qazaq pen jylqyny bir-birinen bólip qarau esh mýmkin emes. Basqa halyqtarday emes, qazaqtyng jylqyny asa qaster tútatynynyng da astarynda osy jaylar jatqanyn angharamyz. Osydan 5-6 myng jyl búryn babalarymyzdyng adamzat órkeniyetine túnghysh kólik qúraly - jylqyny әkelip, búl týlikti qolgha ýiretkeni shynymen tanqalarlyq jaghday. AQSh, Angliya, Germaniya, Qytay jәne Iran ghalymdary Botay mәdeniyeti jayly tarihy derekterge negizdelgen pikirlerin bildirip, jer astynan tabylghan adam men jylqynyng sýiekterin, qymyz ishetin ydystardy tereng zerttep, adamdar búl ólkede 5300 jyl búryn ómir sýrdi degen tújyrymgha kelgen. Batys ghalymdarynyng búl aitqan pikirlerine sýiensek, tipti ejelgi órkeniyetting bir dingegi - Grekiyanyng ózi jylqyny bizding babalarymyzdan әldeqayda kesh qolgha ýiretkenin dәleldey týsedi.

Jylqyny qolgha ýiretu arqyly qazaq halqynyng kóne zamandaghy babalary óz dәuirinde basqalargha qaraghanda orasan zor ýstemdikke ie boldy. Sharuashylyq pen әskery saladaghy tendessiz revolusiyagha jol ashty. Jylqynyng qolgha ýiretilui atqa minu mәdeniyetining de negizin qalap, dýniyege jana kiyim ýlgileri men qúral-jabdyqtar ýlgilerin әkeldi. Jaqynda ghana Germaniya ghalymdary ortalyq Aziya aumaghynan tabylghan, osydan  3 myng jyl búryn teriden tigilgen shalbardy qalpyna keltirip, ony dýniyege әkelgen týrki tektes kóshpendiler ekenin dәleldegen edi. Al, bes qaruyn asynghan salt atty kóshpendiler jaularyn tasqyn suday jaypap ótip, úly imperiyalardyng irgetasyn qalaghany kýlli әlemge әigili tarihy shyndyq.

Qazirgi uaqytta aldymen bir Allanyn, odan keyin tabighy genining óte myqtylyghynyng arqasynda qazaq halqy Tәuelsiz memleket qúryp, Birikken Últtar Úiymynyng qúramyndaghy 190-nan astam mýsheleri qatarynda HHI ghasyrdyng kóshine ilesip keledi. Biraq ótken bir ghasyrgha juyq uaqytta qazaq halqynyng minez-qúlqy, salt-dәstýri, tipti syrtqy kelbeti de ózgeriske úshyrap, ózining últtyq qúndylyqtaryn birte-birte joghaltyp, tili adam týsingisiz jaghdaygha jetip, shúbarlanyp ketkeni jasyryn emes.

Osydan 6 myng jyldan búryn jylqyny qolgha ýiretip, sansyz atty әsker jasaqtap, jer әlemdi jaulaghan Úly týrkilerding býgingi úrpaghynyng biri - qazaq halqynyng sonshama kýizeliske úshyrau sebebi әlem júrtshylyghynyng da nazaryna iligip otyr.

Mysaly, qazaq halqy turaly Italiyanyng jihankez kәsipkeri Renaliu Gaspiriyn: «Men әlemning 141 elin aralaghan adammyn. Solardyng ishinde óz memleketinde, óz tilinde ómir sýre almay otyrghan beyshara halyqty kórdim,» – dep jazghany belgili. Aghylshyn komiygi Sasha Baron Koen qazaqtardy «Borat» atty kinokomediyasynda sayqymazaqqa ainaldyrghanyna býkil әlem kuә boldy. Al Resey memleketining Jirovskiy, Nikonov, Fedorov siyaqty shovinisteri maghynasy qazaqta memleket bolmaghan, taypa-taypagha bólinip mal baqqan jabayylar siyaqty degen qorlaugha toly pikirlerin ashyq aitqan edi.

Osy mysaldardyng ózinen ghana qazirgi qazaqtyng birtindep mazaqqa ainalyp bara jatqanyn kóruge bolady. Biz búl ýrdiske «Jayau qazaq - mazaq» degen aidar taqtyq.

Úly babalarymyzdyng atqa mingenine 6 myng jylgha juyq uaqyt ótipti. Olar atqa mingen son, jermen attyng tórt túyaghy arqyly baylanysty. Attyng ýstine shyqqannan keyin kóz aldyndaghy kókjiyegi keneydi. Basqa halyqtar siyaqty neden qoryqsa, sodan qúday jasaghan joq, kerisinshe aspangha, júldyzgha qarap oi-órisin damytty. Tәnirge, Allagha tabynatynymyz da sodan. Búl túrghyda tarihshy-etnograf Ahmet Toqtabay: «Biz atqa b.d.b 6 mynynshy jyly otyryp, 1929 jyly týstik. Odan keyin qazaqtyng ruhy óshti. Al 1958 jyly Qytay qazaqtary attan týsti. Endi bizding maqsatymyz - jylqy tarihyn, mәdeniyetin әlemge kórsetken halyq retinde ony jastargha ýiretuge tiyispiz. Jәne jylqynyng sanyn ósirmey, halqymyzdyng ruhy kóterilmeydi. Nege deseniz, 1928 jylgha deyin 4,5 mln jylqy bolsa, 1897 jyly 6 mln jylqy boldy. Qazir nebәri 1,5 mln ghana», - dep atap kórsetti (TURKESTAN.KZ  27.06.2019).

Sonymen shartty týrde qazaq halqy 1929 jyly attan týsti dep eseptesek, aldaghy 5-6 jyldan keyin, yaghny 2029 jyly qazaqtyng biyik ruhy tómendep, birte-birte últtyq namysyn joghalta otyryp jasqanshaqtyq, ynjyqtyq, qorqaqtyq, sorlylyq siyaqty qasiretti boyyna sinire bastaghanyna 100 jyl tolady eken.

Osy bir ghasyrgha juyq uaqytta «myng ólip, myng tirilgen» qazaq ne kórmedi? Asharshylyq, genosiyd,  kolhozdastyru, II dýniyejýzilik soghys, atom bombasynyng synaghy, tyng kóteru siyaqty nәubetten әupirimdep aman qalghanynyng kórgen kýni de mәz emes edi. 70 jylghy qúdaysyz Kenes ýkimetining «qyzyl» sayasaty «jyghylghangha - júdyryq» degendey, jayau qalghan qazaqty tipten esengiretip, sanasynan tilin, dilin, mәdeniyetin, salt-dәstýrin, әdet-ghúrpyn birjolata joiygha baghyttaldy.

Qazaq jerin otarlaushylardyng jýieli týrde jýrgizilgen jymysqy sayasatynyng nәtiyjesin búrmalanghan tarihymyzdan, ulanghan jerimizden, beysharanyng kýnin keshken tilimizden, jahandanu ýrdisinen joyylugha ainalghan últtyq qúndylyqtarymyzdan, densaulyghy nashar, ata-baba saltynan maqrúm qalghan óskeleng úrpaghymyzdan bayqaugha bolady. Qysqasy, últymyzdyng biyik ruhyn joghaltyp, birte-birte barlyq qúndylyqtarynan aiyryla bastauynyng negizgi sebebining biri, jayau qalyp, beyshara kýige týsuinde ekeni sózsiz. Búl sózimizge qosymsha dәlel retinde ózimiz ótkizgen myna bir qarapayym eksperiymentti keltireyik.

Osydan birer jyl búryn auyldyq jerde túratyn bir auqatty jigit jýldelik qory qomaqty kókpar oiynyn úiymdastyryp, bizdi qonaq retinde shaqyrghan bolatyn. Mezgil kóktemning ayaghyna tayau, jer keuip, kýn jylynghan, ainala kóktep, jasyl jelekke orana bastaghan shaq bolatyn. Auylgha kire beriste bizdi 50-55 jastaghy otaghasy eki úlymen qarsy aldy. Auyl syrtyndaghy jazyqqa jinalghan salt atty kókparshylar men qyzyq kóruge kelgen júrttyng qarasy óte kóp eken. Attaryn qyzdyryp, ary-beri oiqastap, shapqylap jýrgen, kýn men jel tiyip, betteri kýreng tartqan engezerdey jigitterge qarap túryp, eriksiz sýisinesin. Bes qaru asynbasa da, kózderi ottay jaynaghan, jalghyz qamshynyng ózimen asa aibarly kórinetin salt attylar jer dýniyeni jaulaghan qaharly týrki tektes babalarymyzdy eske týsiredi. Mingen atynyng qyzghan qany ýstindegi iyesine de әser etip, delebesi qoza týsken múnday jauyngerge eshqanday tosqauyl qorqynyshty bolmasa  kerek. Keudeme maqtanysh sezimi úyalap, qazaq jaryq dýniyeni jylqysyz elestete almaytyn shyghar dep masattanyp túrghanymda, kózime bizdi qarsy alghan jigitting mashinasynyng janynda túrghan eki úly ilindi. Ekeui teteles ósken, jastary 17-20 shamasynda, qalada oqityndaryn aitqan. Búlar boyshang bolghanmen, shashtary korey jastary siyaqty kózderine týsken, qylqighan moyyndary, jip-jinishke bolyp, iyghymen birge salbyraghan qoldary, súraq belgisindey iyilgen deneleri anau atqa minip shapqylyp jýrgen, ózderimen qatarlas kókparshylargha mýldem úqsamaydy. Kózderinde eshqanday ot joq, smartfonnan kóz almaytyn, ynjyq ekenderi bayqalyp túr. Qayter eken dep, ózimiz kópten oilastyryp jýrgen eksperiymentting sәti týskenin paydalanyp, ekeuine atqa qonudy búiyrdyq. Zorlaghanday bolyp, ekeuin eki juas atqa әreng degende otyrghyzdyq. Tanys jigitterge eksperiymentting mәn-jayyn qysqasha týsindirip, eki balany abaylap salt attylardyng tobyna qosyp, biraz shapqylatudy tapsyrdyq.

O, toba! Biraz uaqyttan keyin qayta ainalyp, janymyzgha kelgen eki balany tanymay qaldyq! Ekeuining betteri qyzaryp ketken, jaldary kýjireyip, arqalanyp alghan, kózderi jarq-júrq etip, jýzderi sústy kýige engen. «Áke, biz kókpar tartamyz, bizdi komandagha aldy» dep, kezek-kezek aqyryp túr. Ákelerining esi shyghyp ketti. Joq-joq, attan týsinder, bir jerlerindi auyrtyp alasyndar, senderge kókpar tartugha bolmaydy, dep shyryldady. Biz ony janymyzgha shaqyryp alyp, úiymdastyrghan eksperiymentimiz turaly aityp berdik. Balalar minez-qúlqynyng az uaqytta keremet ózgeriske týsui sebebin týsindirdik. Onyng bastysy, adam atqa mingende jaratylysynan qany ystyq, eti qatpaytyn jylqynyng qyzuy taqymy arqyly en boyyna taray bastaydy. At pen adam birtútas qan ainalymyna týsip, birtútas alpauytqa (ejelgi grekterding qoryqqandary sonshalyq, bizing salt atty babalarymyzdy «kentavr» dep ataghan, yaghny basy, eki qoly, keudesi adam siyaqty, al qalghan denesi, tórt ayaghy jylqydan jaratylghan, alapat kýshti, ózgeshe jaratylys iyeleri dep týsingen) ainalady dep әsirelep aitugha bolady. Múnday kýidegi ruhy asqaqtaghan salt attyny toqtatu nemese qarsy shyghyp, jenu mýmkin bolmaghan.

Búdan shyghar eng basty qorytyndy - kez kelgen qazaq balasy atqa qonghanda, myndaghan jyldar boyy qanymen singen tabighy geni, bolmysy, ruhy oyanyp, әp-sәtte minez-qúlqy týbegeyli ózgeriske úshyrap, qaharly jauyngerge ainalady. Búl tújyrym is jýzinde osylaysha dәleldendi.

Reti kelgende aita ketsek, osy baghyttaghy eksperiymentti kez-kelgen qyzyghushylyq tanytqan adam ózi iske asyryp, kózin jetkize alady. Qazirgi jastardardyn, әsirese qaladaghylardyng basym kópshiligi әljuaz, ynjyq, jylqyny tek suretten ghana kórgen, qymyz, saumaldyng dәmin de tatpaghan úrpaq ekeni jasyryn emes. Al úzaq uaqyt atqa minip jýretin, jylqy etin jep, qymyz-saumal ishken adamnyng densaulyghy myqty, denesi shymyr, jana úrpaq tudyra alatyn әkelik әleueti óte joghary bolatyny beseneden belgili emes pe? Búl mәseleni akademik T.Shormanov aghamyz jyldar boyy jazyp ta, aityp ta kele jatyr.

Songhy jyldary qoghamymyzda  ýzdiksiz talqylanyp kele jatqan mәselening biri - qazaq últy ruhynyng tómendeui. Onyng sebep-saldary turaly týrli pikirler aitylyp ta,  jazylyp ta jatyr. Al bizding payymdauymyzsha, negizgi sebep - qazaqtyng jylqydan ajyrap qaluynda. Ejelden kele jatqan anyz-әngimelerde, jyr-dastandarda, tarihy derekterde eshqanday túlgha jayau jýrip soghysqany nemese erlik kórsetkeni, batyr bolghany bayandalmaghan. Kerisinshe, batyrlar mingen sәigýlik, arghymaq, qazanat, tipti qúlyn-tay turaly әngime, ertegi, anyz, maqal-mәtel, jyr-dastandar jetip, artylady.

Eger jogharyda aitylghanday, osydan 6 myng jyl búryn atqa qonghan babalarymyz siyaqty jylqyny qasterlep, joghalugha jaqyn qalghan atbegilik ónerimizdi, últtyq at sportyn qolgha alyp, halqymyzdy eng sýiikti januarymen qayta tabystyrmasaq, jayau qazaq - mazaq bolyp qala bermekpiz. «Jylandy jeti jerden kesseng de, shegirtkedey qauhary bar» degen tәmsil bar. Oghan qaraghanda qazaq últynyng әli de bolsa, tanghajayyp tabighy genining arqasynda, әleueti óte joghary. Búl sózimizge jaqynda ghana ótken «Úly dala joryghy - 2023» marafon bәigesi dәlel bola alady. 1300 shaqyrymdy 93 saghat 47 minutta baghyndyrghan salt attylargha qalay tamsanbassyn. Eng quanyshtysy, búl bәigenin  jenimpazy - bizding Jetisu oblysynyng komandasy ekendigi.

Olay bolsa, biregey Últ bolyp qalyptasqan, últtyq salt-dәstýrin qasterleytin, densaulyghy myqty óskeleng úrpaq tәrbiyeleytin halyq bolamyz desek, týp qazyghymyz - jylqy malyna qayta oraluymyz qajet dep oilaymyz.

Ol ýshin kezen-kezenimen jýzege asyrylatyn keshendi memlekettik baghdarlama qabyldaudy úsynamyz. Búl baghdarlama eng aldymen mektepterde jylqy maly, at әbzelderi, kýtip-baptauy, qymyz, saumal әzirleu siyaqty mәselelerdi qamtityn sabaq engizudi kózdeui tiyis. Dene shynyqtyru sabaghyna qosymsha retinde, arnayy mamandardyng qadaghalauymen mektep oqushylaryn apta sayyn atqa mingizu kerek.

Sonday-aq, iri eldi mekender men qalalar manynda jylqy ústaumen jәne ósirumen ainalysatyn iri fermalar ashu, atpen jýruge arnalghan marshruttar qúru, mektep ashanalarynda qymyz, saumal ishkizip, jylqy etimen qorektendiru siyaqty is-sharalardy qamtu kerek. Nәtiyjesinde, qysqa merzimde әleumettik-ekonomikalyq damu ýrdisinde ong ózgeristerge qol jetkizuge bolady. Mysaly, jalpyúlttyq densaulyq kórsetkishteri kýrt jaqsarady. Ásirese, qazirgi uaqytta jas jigitterding arasynda beleng alghan belsizdik auruynyng aldyn alugha bolatyny sózsiz. Jas otbasylardyng ajyrasuy azayyp,  bala tuu arta týsedi, dәri-dәrmekke, auruhanada emdeluge degen súranys azayady.

Uaqyt óte kele búl sala el ekonomikasynyng negizgi drayverine ainalyp, qosymsha qyzmetterding órkendeuine ong yqpalyn tiygizedi. Mýmkin shyghyny paydasynan kóp egin sharuashylyghyna jyldar boyy milliardtaghan subsidiya bólgenshe, jerdi himiyalyq zattarmen ulaghansha, jyrtyp eroziyagha úshyratqansha, zamanauy tehnologiyalardy qoldana otyryp, jylqy ósirudi qolgha alu dúrys bolar. Jylqynyng etin, qymyzyn eksporttau әlde qayda tiyimdi shyghar? Búl mәseleni nege ghylymy týrde zerttep, zerdelemeske?

Osy maqalada kóterilgen mәsele Ýkimettin, deputattardyn, mýddeli memleketik jәne memlekettik emes úiymdardyng nazaryna alynsa núr ýstine núr bolar edi.

Baghdat Baqtybayúly Aqylbekov

Jetisu oblysy, Kerbúlaq audanynyng tumasy, memlekettik qyzmetshi, Tezek Tóre jәne Shoqantanushy, bos uaqytynda shygharmashylyq-zertteu júmysymen de ainalysady

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