JAS AZAMAT

 11 - san

1918 jylghy 19 noyabri

Petropavl q.

Alash qyzmetkerlerining qazynasy

Bilim-ónerden keyin qalghan Alash tez ayaqtanyp, algha basyp ketui ýshin on-soldy aiyrtatyn, sayasy is jýrgizetin oqudyng tasqyn suday Alash aidynyna tez jayyluy qajet ekendigin esepke alyp, tómendegi «Alash qyzmetkerlerining qazynasy» degen mәseleni ortagha salamyz.

JAS AZAMAT

 11 - san

1918 jylghy 19 noyabri

Petropavl q.

Alash qyzmetkerlerining qazynasy

Bilim-ónerden keyin qalghan Alash tez ayaqtanyp, algha basyp ketui ýshin on-soldy aiyrtatyn, sayasy is jýrgizetin oqudyng tasqyn suday Alash aidynyna tez jayyluy qajet ekendigin esepke alyp, tómendegi «Alash qyzmetkerlerining qazynasy» degen mәseleni ortagha salamyz.

Negizinen qaraghanda, oqu jang mindeti memleket pen zemstvoda bolugha tiyisti. Biraq, osy kýngi sayasat, sharua halinen bayqaugha bolady, bizding memlekette, zemstvo da kóp jyldar ótkenshe sau qalpyna týse almaytyndyghy. Búdan kórinedi, jogharydaghy mindetti eki oryn kóz telmirtpey, oqudyng jayyluyna qatysty sharalar әzirleuding kerektigi. Búl sharalar últshyldyq audanynan tabylady.

Últshyldyq audanyna kelsek: oqyp jýren shәkirtter de, oqu bitirgen ziyalylar da, kókiregi oyau el azamattary da últshyldyq sezimining jogharghy dәrejege jetkendigin, jeke bastyng paydasynan últ paydasyn artyq kórip, maldary týgil jandaryn qúrban qylyp jatqan azamattardy kóremiz.

Múny kórgen son, sharalardyng tabylatyndyghyna kózimiz jetip, kónilimiz senip, oqudyng tolqyndap tez jayyluyna sebepker bolatyn «Alash qyzmetkerlerining qazynasy» qalay jasalady? Ham onyng bas isteytin júmystary ne? Sony ghana aityp ótemiz. «Alash qyzmetkerlerining qazynasy» osy kýngi qyzmette túratyn azamattardyng jalaqylarynan ay sayyn berip túratyn belgili prosentten jasalady. Bizding shamalauymyzsha, mólsherli prosent 5 ben 10-nyng arasynda boluy layyq. Mysaly, 100 som jalaqy alatyn azamat 5 som berip túrugha mindetti. Odan ary 10 somgha deyin ósirse, óz yqtiyarynda. Olar qyzmetker esebine kiredi.

«Alash Orda», zemskiy uprava mýsheleri, múghalimder, uchiytelder, mal-adam dәrigerleri, koperatiyv-bank qyzmetkerleri hәm basqa jalaqy alushylar alghashqy kezde búl «qazynagha» aqsha salushylardyng sany 500 kisi bolsa, búlar orta eseppen 300-den jalaqy alatyndar bolsa, sonyng ózinen 5 prosent alynsa, barlyghy 750 myng som týsip otyrady jәne jyl sayyn bizde qyzmette túrushy kóbeye bermekshi. Sonymen, búl «qazyna» keleshekte zorayyp, kýshti úiym bolar edi. Basqa ýlgili júrttarda osynday «qazynalar» bar. Cheh halqynyng shkoldarynyng kóbi teatr, kitaphana, halyq ýileri jeke adamdardyng bergen jarghysynan qúralghan «qazynadan» ashylghan.

 «Qazynanyn» isteytin basty júmystary:

 1) El arasyna qysy-jazy tegin oqytushylar, sharuany asyldandyrudy ýiretushiler jiberu;

 2) Kitap bastyru, oqushylardyng kóbengi kitaptyng kóptigi men hәm arzan satyluynan.

 Jalpy mindetti oqu bolghan kýnde de, mektepten tysqary (vneshkolinoe obrazaniye) bilim bolmasa, oqu taghylymy bolyp jalpylaspaydy. Búl osy kýngi orystyng hәm qazaqtyng bastauysh mektepterinde oqyp shyqqandardyng biraz jylda qarayyp, týk oqymaghan kisi siyaqty bolyp qalatyndarynan kórinedi. Mektepten tysqary bilim zeyinning taraluyna, baspasózge qúmarlyqtyng artuyna, qaraymasqa sebepker bolady. Al, búl mektepten tysqary bilimdi de jayatyn «Alash qyzmetkerlerining qazynasy» bolady.

 Biz oilaymyz «qazynagha» jýzden 5-10 som beruden qyzmette túrghan azamattar tartynbas dep. Hәm bergennen bujetke kemshilik te kele qoymas dep.

«Qazyna» oblys sayyn ashylsa, is jýrgizuge jenilirek bolar edi. Ázir «qazyna» jasau ýshin sezd shaqyru mýmkin emes, sondyqtan búl «qazyna» turaly «Saryarqa», «Qazaq», «Abay» hәm basqa basylymdar men jeke azamattar da óz pikirlerin ortagha salularyn ótinemiz!

Sodan keyin pikirlerdi qorytyp tezirek iske asyru qamyna kirisu kerek.

Qyrghyz-qazaq jastaryna!

Ashyq hat

Ayday, aqyrghan jylanday uyn tókken eski ýkimetting dәureni óship, bostandyq tughan tanda Rossiyada memleket baqyty, sayasat salty kópke birdey kónildi týrge kirmeydi degen oy eshkimde joq.

Qaharly qys ótti de, jadyrap jaz keldi. Baqyt, tendik, tuysqandyq dariyasynda balyqsha jýzermiz degen jalyndy tilegimiz oryndalmady. Oryndaugha bóget bolghan - bolishevikter. Búlar Rossiyany syrtqy aibynynan, ishki birliginen aiyrdy. Tap bolyp tartysudy, odaq-odaq bop úiysudy shyghardy. Ózara soghys ashyp, adam qanyn suday aghyzdy. Kósem de, sheshen de kóbeydi.

Osy alasapyranda, jýgensizdik, zorlyqshyldyq zamanynda el bastaghan erlerimiz kórinip qyzmet istey almaytyn halge kirgen son, enbekshil momyn qazaq eli kóp tobyrdyng ortasynda ayaq asty bolugha ainalghan son, qazaq jastary bas qosayyq degen pikir tuyp edi. Búl pikirdi tughyzghan kókti qaptaghan qara búlt - bolishevik dauyly edi. Búl dauyldan qazaq elin shamamyz kelgenshe aman saqtap qalayyq, shamamyz kelmese, tarih aldynda kinәsiz bolarmyz, ólsek- bir shúnqyrda, tiri bolsaq -bir tóbede bolarmyz, degen maqsat edi. Jas azamattar sayasy qiynshylyqtargha qaramay, toqtausyz «qús qanatymen» keler, degen ýmitpen Ombydaghy qazaq jastary birinshi (eskishe) aprelige sezd shaqyrdy. Barlyq jastardyng basyn qosu mýmkin bolmaghandyqtan, úiymdardan ghana shaqyryldy.

15-ten asa úiymdardyng ókilderi 5 aprelige deyin shet úiymdardyng ókilderin tosyp, kelmegen son, sezd ashty. Birinshi - alash dep jýrgen azamattar alalyq shygharmas dep, jastardyng basyn biriktiruge búl sez bir negiz bolsyn dep, ekinshi - jeri shalghay úiymdardyng ókilderi joldan bógelip kele almas, degen oimen aprelding 5-13-ne sheyin bolghan jiylys, qyrghyz-qazaq jastarynyng sezi dep tanyp, hәm sezding bekitken qaulylaryn iske iske asyratyn uaqytsha qyrghyz-qazaq jastarynyng úiymdarynyng Kindik komiyteti «Jas azamatty» saylap aldy. Sezd qaulysy «Sary-arqa» gazetinde jazyldy, hәm kitapsha bolyp basylyp shyqty. Mineki, sol sezd ótkeli jeti aigha ainaldy. Sodan beri ókilder jibergen-jibermegen úiymdar da (birazyn shygharghanda) Kindik komiytetpen habarlasqan joq. Búlardan kýtilgen jәrdem bolmaghan son, Kindik komiytet «Jas azamat» daghdaryp túr.

Ázirshe komiytetting istegen júmystary:

1) «Jas azamat» gazetining ayaqqa túryp, ilgeri basuyna sebepker boldy;

 2) Zemstvomen birigip, Aqmola oblysyna qaraghan múghalim-uchiytelder sezining shaqyryluyna kýsh berdi;

 3) Ombyda eki ailyq hәm eki jyldyq kursterding ashyluyna sebepker boldy;

 4) Búl kýnde Kindik komiytet kitaphana ashugha qam qylyp jatyr.

Is audanyn keneytuge qarajaty kemdiginen, tym bolmasa, úiymdar niyettestigin bildirip dauys bermegendiginen, «Jas azamat» komiyteti bógelip otyr. Basyndaghy bas panasy «Jas Azamat» komiyteti múnday nashar halde túrghan son, jas balapan «Jas azamat» gazeti de oilaghan oiyna jete almaugha ainaldy. Oilaghan oiy: joly bólek bolmasa da, jastardyng jýregindegi әure mәselelerdi sheship, әleumet talqysyna salu edi. Alash úrandy jastardyng qúraly, quaty bolu edi.

Tolyp jatqan úiymdar at shygharghangha mәz bolyp, jemisti is istey almasaq; bir iz, bir jobada bola almasaq; últ aldynda, tarih aldynda ne dep jauap beremiz? Múnymyz - aqyldan qayghy jegenge úqsaydy.

Erteng Avtonomiya alyp el bolamyz, eldi jetektep jetkizemiz, degen jastardyng birigudi ne búrys dep ne dúrys dep tapqandyqtaryn bildirmeuleri - qayghyly júmbaq. Ýndemey jatuy – ne jalpy birigudi qalamaghandyq, ne últ sezimi oyanbaghandyq, ne salaqtyq.

Biz kinәni songhy salaqtyqqa audaramyz. Áli de bolsa, jastar salaqtyqty qaldyryp, iske kirisulerindi ótinemiz!

Jastar! «Jas azamat» komiytetin, «Jas azamat» gazetin esten shygharmandar! Gazet ayaghyn nyq bassa, senderding túrmys maydanynda kýresuge, últqa qyzmet qylugha jaraghandaryndy kórsetedi. Búl aitqandy dúrys dep tapsandar, «Jas azamat» gazetining el ishine kóbirek taraluyna, alushylardyng kóbengine, «Alash seriktigine» mýshelerding kóp kiruine sebepker bolyndar! Hәm oiyn jasap, odan týsken paydany gazetke mýshelik jarna esebinde jiberip túryndar! Jastar belsenip kirisse, jalghyz oiyn jasau men-aq, gazetti jýrgizip keter edi degen oiymyz bar.

Quattaghan, qoldaghan dauystarynyzdy estiymiz, degen úiymdyqpen qalamyz. «Kýsh birlikte!».

Ombydaghy Kindik «Jas azamat» komiyteti.

Úmytshaqtyq

Ombydaghy eki jyldyq múghalimder kursynyng qúttyqtaugha bas ashylu qúrmetine orystyng jiyrma shaqty úiymdarynan kisi shaqyrylghan eken. Qúttyqtaugha jalghyz-aq úiymnan kisi kelgen. Orys úiymdarynyng múnysy qazaqqa shetin kózben qaraghandyqtan emes, әnsheyin úmytqandyqtan shyghar jәne búl úmytshaqtyq әrqayda qazaq turaly ghana bolatyn shyghar desek, basqa últtargha da isteytindigi, oryssha shyghatyn «Bashqúrt komiytetining tilinen» kórinedi.

Búl gazet jazady: «Orys gazetterinde resmy habarlarda bashqúrt әskerlerining bolisheviktermen qalay soghysyp jatqandyghy tolyq jazylmaydy. Verhneuralisk qalasy men uezin alghanda Bashqúrttan ýsh polk júrtty, Orskini alghanda 4-nshi jayau әsker Bashqúrt polkining kórsetken qayratyna ataman Dutov sýiindi.

Ekaterinbordy alghanda qala ishindegi halyq, bashqúrt әskerine ai-júldyz ornatqan tu syilap, qúrmetpen qarsy aldy. Aqtóbe frontynda biyl eng kýshtisi bashqúrt әskeri. Krasnoufimsk uezinde bir bolys bashqúrt bolishevikterge qarsy túrdy. Volga frontynda ýshinshi bashqúrt polki chehtarmen birge jýr. Samaradan ótkende bashqúrt әskerinde sonday tәrtip bolghan, búlardy Samar halqy Japon әskeri dep úran shaqyrghan. Bugulima jaghynyng hali nasharlanghan son, búghan da Bashqúrt әskeri jiberilip jatyr...

Bashqúrt әskerindegi jigitter orystikindey tәjiriybe kórmegen jastar emes, ónsheng ysylghan, talay soghystyng dәmin tatqan qaharmandar...

Bashqúrt halqy jәne bir tilekte... Sayasy partiyalaryndy bilmeydi... Bashqúrttar Rossiyanyng bolishevikten qútyluyna kóp qyzmet kórsetti...

Bashqúrt halqynyng sol qyzmeti tariyhqa kiredi, bashqúrt tiyisti sybaghasyn alady... Biz oilaymyz, orys halqy әdeyi ýndemeydi dep. Teginde orystyng ejelgi úmytshaqtyghy jazylmaydy dep oilaymyz. Bashqúrttyng qayghysy da, múqtajdyghy da, qyzmeti de atam zamannan beri úmtylyp keledi – dep.

Bostandyqtan búrynghy úmytshaqtyq ózimen túr edi, endigi myna úmytshaqtyqqa jol bolsyn! Endigisi «ýrkek attyng jýni jiydip túrsa da osqyruyn qoymaydygha» keledi.

Úmytshaqtaqtyng birlesuge qanshalyqty ziyany bar ekenin bildirgen tәjiriybeni basmyzdan keshirdik qoy.

Qazaq jerine qolqa salushylar

Ótken aralarda qazaq jerine salqyn tiydiretin tómendegi tórt týrli jobanyng izi kórindi:

1) Sibirde qant jasau komissiyasyna kirgen professor Lebedev doklad oqydy: «Altay, Semey, Aqmola, Eniysey audandarynda qyzylsha-qant jasau zavodtaryn ashugha bolady. Zavodqa jylyna ýsh jýz myng pút qant shygharghanday mólshermen, jәili-jәisizi aralas, 20 myng desyatina jer kerek» - dep. Altay – Eniyseyde ministrler kabiyneti búrynghy patsha jerin nysanagha ústaghan. Aqmola – Semey turaly pikir jabyq bolsa da aiday aiqyn. Búl eki oblysta qazaq jerinen alynatyndyghy.

2) Jer ministirliginde: «suy tapshy jerlerge aryq jýrgizu kerek, batpaqty jerlerdi qúrghatu kerek»,- degen joba qaralyp jatyr.

Ertedegi jobanyng sarynymen ketse, Aqmola men Atbasargha qaraghan, Núra ózeni, Teniz kóli men Esil ózeni arasynda jeti jýz myng desyatina jerge Qyzyljardan Atbasargha deyin qaraghan el men Torghay ózeni arasynda 800 myng desyatina jerge aryq jýrgiziledi. Búl sangha bank taghy qosar.

Osy aitylghan aumaq suarylyp, birbetkey egin sharuasyna qolaylansa-aq kelimsek qarashekpedi toltyrady, túrghyn kóshpeli qazaq shólge qaray jylystaydy degen sóz.

3) Sibirde qolayly jerding azdyghyn, jer súraushylardyng kóptigin esepke alyp, egindik jerdegi qazynanyn, jeke baylardyng mәdeny mal sharualaryn (kuliturnye skotovodcheskie hozaystva) tauly-tasty jerlerge kóshirip, búlardan bosaghan jerlerdi súraushylargha ýlestiru kerek degen joba shyqty.

Búl endi qazaqqa tauly-tasty jerding erkin tiymeytindigin, óner-bilimning paydagha asyrmaytyn nәrsesi, ayaq baspaytyn jeri bolmaytyndyghyn kórsetedi.

4) Ufada ótken memleket sayasy kenesi Rossiyanyng sharua kәsibin týzeuge shet memleketterding kapitaly is qúraldary kirsin degen jobany bekitip shyghardy.

Bir jaqtan shet memleketterding kapitaly qazaq jerinde ken qazu, fabrika-zavod salugha kirisse, ekinshi jaqtan jogharydaghy ýsh jobany da oryndaugha kirisedi. Bolmasa, úyasy búzylghan Rossiya memleketi apyryp-japyryp óz betimen istey almas edi. Avtonomiyang bolmaghan kýnde, shetine beretin qolqang ol Jer - mәngi baylyq. Aldyndaghy malynnan, qoynyndaghy aqshadan qymbat. Óner-bilim kenjeligi bolsa da, avtonomiyagha әlsirep jatqandyq jer ýshin.

 El balasy.

Tatulyq

Omby. 11 noyabri. Shetel habary. Parijdaghy Eyfeli múnarasynan aua telegrafpen Fransuzdyng generalinyy shtaby habar bergen: Býgin Germaniya men Yntymaqtas patshalyqtardyng arasynda tatulyq sóilesu [kelissóz] bastalady. Germaniya qoyylghan sharttardyng bәrine de kónedi dep.

Barlyq maydandarda soghys toqtatylghan.

Vengriya men Italiya tatulyq sóilesip jatyr. Vengriyanyng Kindik soveti tórt qyrly saylau turaly maniyfest shygharghan.

Qúlaqtandyru

Eki jyldyq múghalimder kursy Ombyda ashyldy. Atbasarda noyabriding (eskishe) birinde ashylady. Ekeuine de kerekti oqytushylary hәm basqa aspaptary týgendeldi. Kursqa mynalar alynady:

1) jasy 16-dan asqan ham júqpaly nauqasy joq adamdar.

2) oryssha eki klasty shkol bitirgender.

3) tәrtipti 5 jyldyq bastauysh músylman mektepterin bitirgender,

4) eski medreselerden jaqsy oqyp, el arasynda múghalim bolyp jýrgender,

5) óz betimen oqyp jogharyda aitylghanday bilimi barlar.

 Oqytushylardyng tamaq-kiyiminen basqasy zemstvodan. Kursty bitirip shyqqan aqysy, dәrejesi uchiyteliderdikimen birdey bolady. Talapkerler erkek, әiel demey, Omby kursyna noyabriding (janasha) 25-ine deyin, Atbasar kursyna noyabriding eskishe 20-na deyin alyna beriledi.

Aqmola oblystyq zemskaya upravasy

Gazetting sandaryn  baspagha dayyndaghan, týsinikterin jazghan M. Qozybaev atyndaghy SQMU professory Zarqyn Tayshybay.

Abai.kz