Songhy derekterge say Qazaqstanda, Almaty, Qaraghandy, Shymkent, Taraz, Astana jәne elimizding basqa da qalalaryn qosa alghanda, әlemde koronaviruspen synalghan barlyq nauqastardan 0.2%, 1 411 831 adam túrady. Onyng ishinde 24 adam auyr jaghdayda, 13 848 adam qaza tapty, 1 383 020 adam sauyghyp ketse, songhy aqparat boyynsha barlyghy 14 963 nauqas tirkelgen.

2024 jyldyng 8 qantaryndaghy mәlimetterge sәikes, әlemde barlyghy 701 208 611 adam júqtyrghan, 672 285 744 qalpyna kelgen, 6 965 376 qaytys bolghan, 21 957 491 nauqas.

Búl taqyrypty kótermeske shara qalmady. Sebebi, tәn hәm jannyng derti bolghan aurudyng búl týri býginde óz qaharyna qayta mindi. Aurudan ajal qúshqandar da az emes. Keselding kesapatynan saqtanu ýshin kólemdi maqalamdy kópshilik oqyrmangha kózin ashu maqsatynda jazyp otyrmyn. Áueli әl-qissasynan bastayyn.

Adamdar arasynda jii kezdesetin júqpaly aurular bir kezderi basqa organizmderden payda bolghan qozdyrghyshtardan tuyndaydy. Búrynnan belgili bolghanday jana júqpaly aurular mezgil-mezgilimen payda bolady. Eng auyr dep esepteuimizge bolatyn jaghdaylarda olar Covid-19 siyaqty pandemiyany tudyruy mýmkin, al odan basqa jaghdaylarda "túiyq" infeksiyalar nemese kishigirim epiydemiyalar payda boluy bek mýmkin. Kóbine belgili bolghan jәne búrynnan sipattalghan aurular, mysaly, geografiyalyq kenen, berilu jaghdaylarynyng jogharylauy nemese patogendilikting ósui nәtiyjesinde qayta payda boluy mýmkin. Júqpaly aurulardyng payda boluy kýrdeli, jahandyq taralghan ekojýielerdegi dinamikalyq tepe-tendik pen tengerimsizdikti kórsetedi, sonyng ishinde adamdar, januarlar, patogenderding ózderi jәne qorshaghan ortany da aita alamyz. Búl ainymalylardy týsinu - joyqyn epiydemiyalardyng aldaghy órshuine qarsy kýreste qajetti qadam.

Biraz uaqyt búryn kelgen COVID-19 pandemiyasy ótken boljamdargha kýmәn keltirip, bolashaqqa degen senimdilikti shayqaltyp, býkil ómirimizdi qalay ózgertkeninin elestetu mýmkin emes edi. COVID-19 bir uaqytta ýsh sipattamagha iye, búl onyng baqylausyz taraluyna qarsy jalghyz qaru retinde jahandyq virtualdy "karantindi" iske qosu arqyly adamzatqa tarihy soqqy berdi deuimizge bolady. COVID-19 qauipti virustyng sipattamalaryn biriktiredi, búryn-sondy adamdar arasyna búnday qarqynmen taralmaghan bolatyn, al búl joly onyng adamnan adamgha beriluine jәne aurushandyq pen ólim-jitimning salystyrmaly týrde joghary dengeyine, әsirese egde jastaghy adamdar men qatar jýretin aurulary bar adamdar arasynda taraluy keng boldy. Búl tarihta, ómirimizde oryn alghan kóptegen júqpaly aurudyng eng shynayy "joyqyn dauyly" ispetti kóringen-di.

Degenmen, COVID-19 siyaqty pandemiya sonshalyqty jana qúbylys emes. Jana (jәne janadan payda bolghan) júqpaly aurular adamdargha neolit dәuirinen (12000 jyl búryn) adamdar (anshy-jinaushylar) auyldargha qonystanyp, januarlardy qolgha ýiretip, egin ósire bastaghan kezden bastap qauip tóndiredi. Búl qolgha ýiretuding bastaluy jәne tabighatty jýieli jәne keng taralghan manipulyasiyalaudaghy alghashqy qadamdar boldy. Eng kóne aurular, mysaly, sheshek, tropikalyq bezgek, qyzylsha jәne bubon/ókpe obasy ólimge әkeledi. Keybireuler, mysaly, Yustiniandyq oba (b.z. 541 j.) jәne Qara ólim (1348 j.) Aziyada, Tayau Shyghysta jәne Europada elderinde adamdardyng kóp bóligining ólimine әkeldi.

Osydan bir ghasyr búryn 1918 jylghy túmau pandemiyasy 50 milliongha juyq adamnyng ómirin qidy, búl adamzat tarihyndaghy eng qauipti oqigha boldy [8]. 1981 jyly tanylghan AQTQ/JQTB pandemiyasy kem degende 37 million adamnyng ómirin qidy. Songhy onjyldyqta búryn-sondy bolmaghan pandemiyalyq jarylystar boldy: H1N1 shoshqa túmauy (2009), chikunguniya bezgegi (2014) jәne Zika virusy (2015) jәne Afrikanyng kóp bóliginde Ebolaeketi (2014 jyldan qazirgi uaqytqa deyin). Koronavirustyng býkil әlemde adam populyasiyasynda taralatyn tórt endemikalyq týri sipattalghandyqtan, koronavirustar virustardy adam patogenderi retinde tanugha deyingi dәuirde payda bolghan jәne taraghan boluy kerek. Auyr jedel respiratorlyq sindromdy (SARS) (SARS-CoV) tudyratyn Koronavirus 2002-2003 jyldary iyesi januardan (siyvet dep boljanuda) payda boldy jәne densaulyq saqtaudy baqylau sharalarynyng arqasynda joyylghangha deyin is jýzinde pandemiya tudyrdy. Osyghan baylanysty tayau shyghys respiratorlyq sindromy (MERS) koronavirusy (MERS-CoV) 2012 jyly týielerden adam aghzasyna ótti, biraq sodan beri adamdar arasynda әlsiz taraldy [8]. 2019 jyldyng sonynda anyqtalghan COVID-19-búl kýtpegen, jana jәne joyqyn pandemiya auruynyng songhy mysaly, biz sol uaqyttarda naghyz pandemiya dәuirine kirdik dep qorytyndy jasaugha bolady. Jana qauipti jaghdaydyng sebepteri kóp qyrly, kýrdeli jәne bayypty zertteuge túrarlyqtay boldy.

Birneshe jyldan beri "koronavirustyq infeksiya" tirkesi әrqaysymyzdy qobaljytady. Qabyldaudyng barlyq kezenderinen ótkennen keyin biz virus keng taralghan әlemdegi ómirding jana shyndyqtaryna beyimdele bastaghanymyz ras. Biz bәrimiz búl auru jayynda kóp estigenimiz de ras jәne ózimizdi virustan qalay qorghaugha bolatynyn jәne aldyn-aludyng qanday әdisterin de jaqsy mengere aldyq, dese de ol COVID-19-nyng qalay payda bolyp, damyghanyn biletinder sany da kóp emes. Ol qayda payda boldy jәne ol әlemning barlyq bólikterine qalay әser etti? Kim, ne, qayda jәne nege – osy saualdardy zertteuimizde anyqtaugha tyrysamyz.

Koronavirustar - búl januarlar men qústardyng tynys alu jýiesine әser etetin virustardyng biri. Belgili bolghanday, keybireuler adamgha da qauip tóndiredi. Mikroskoppen egjey-tegjeyli qaraghan kezde, osy toptyng virustary kýn tәjine syrtqy úqsastyqqa iye, olar óz atauyn alady.

COVID-19 koronavirustyq infeksiyasy - adamnyng tynys alu jýiesine әser etetin SARS-CoV-2 virusynan tuyndaghan júqpaly auru. Virus aua tamshylary, janasu jәne auyzsha-fekalidy joldarmen taralady. Inkubasiyalyq kezeng 2-den 14 kýnge deyin. Osy kezende әli kýnge deyin onymen auyrghan adam vektor bolyp tabylady jәne infeksiyalar tizbegin jalghastyrady. Sonday-aq, búl aurudyng qauiptiligi - kóptegen adamdar ony asimptomatikalyq týrde alyp jýredi jәne infeksiyanyng tikeley taratushylary bola jýrse de aurudy ózinen bayqamay, ózin jaqsy sezinedi.

Aurudyng tez jәne kenetten damuy densaulyq saqtau salasyndaghy tótenshe jaghdaydyng kriyteriyleri boldy. Koronavirustyq infeksiyanyng negizgi problemasy - jana infeksiyanyng belgileri bastapqy kezenderdegi mausymdyq JRVY belgilerinen ózgeshe bolmauy mýmkin. Osynday erekshelikterdi eskere otyryp, epiydemiologiyalyq tariyhqa qaramastan, JRVIY-ning kez kelgen jaghdayyn COVID-19-gha kýdikti dep sanau kerek. Jana koronavirustyq infeksiyanyng belgileri spesifikalyq emes, búl auru eki jaqty pnevmoniyanyng damu qaupi bar aurudyng birinshi aptasynda az simptomatikalyq jaghy bayqaluy boluy mýmkin. Qauip faktorlary bayqalghan kezde (65 jastan asqan, sozylmaly aurulardyng boluy) auyr aghymy da bayqaluy mýmkin. Jana koronavirustyq infeksiyany uaqtyly diagnostikalau óte manyzdy edi. JRVY kópshiligining inkubasiyalyq kezeni-3 tәulikten aspaydy, COVID-19 — da-2-den 14 kýnge deyin. Aurudyng bastaluy: JRVY - men-jedel, COVID-19 — simptomdardyng auyrlyghynyng birtindep ósui kórindi. Qyzba, jótel, әlsizdik — spesifikalyq emes belgiler, JRVY jәne COVID-19 kezinde de boluy mýmkin. Tynys aludyng qysqaruy jәne tynys aludyng qiyndauy koronavirustyq infeksiyanyng damuyn úsynuy mýmkin, biraq búl PTR arqyly tynys alu joldarynyng biologiyalyq materialyn zertteuge kómektesedi. Aurudyng biriktirilgen týri (mausymdyq JRVY jәne COVID-19) boluy mýmkin ekenin este ústaghan jón.

Virus reseptorlary bar maqsatty jasushalargha enedi. Tynys alu joldarynan basqa, osy reseptorlary bar basqa mýshelerge de әser etui mýmkin, mysaly, asqazan, ishek, tamyrly endoteliy, miokard, býirek. Jýielik qan aghymynan nemese etmoidty plastina arqyly taralu midyng zaqymdaluyna әkelui mýmkin. Diffuzdy aliveolyarlyq zaqymdanu túmaudyng da, COVID-19-nyng da negizgi morfologiyalyq substraty bolyp tabylady. COVID-19 teri bórtpesinen bastaluy mýmkin. Búl jaghdayda basqa infeksiyalyq ekzantemalarmen differensialdy diagnoz qoi manyzdy. Vaksinany әzirleu Densaulyq saqtau úiymy ýshin manyzdy mindet bolyp tabylady. 2020 jyldyng tamyz aiynyng ortasyndaghy jaghday boyynsha әrtýrli medisinalyq mekemeler men farmasevtikalyq kompaniyalar shamamen 231 yqtimal vaksinalardy әzirleu ýtinde boldy. 2020 jyldyng 11 tamyzynda Reseyde N.F.Gamaleya atyndaghy NIYSEM әzirlegen "Gam-Koviyd-Vak" vaksinasy tirkeldi. 2020 jyldyng 25 tamyzynda Reseyding Densaulyq saqtau ministrligi NIYSEMDI olargha berdi. N.F.Gamaleya "gam-Koviyd-Vak" jana koronavirustyq infeksiyasynyng aldyn alu ýshin vaksinany tirkeuden keyingi klinikalyq zertteu jýrgizuge rúqsat aldy. Zertteuge 18 jastan asqan 40 myng erikti qatysady. DDÚ mәlimetteri boyynsha, býgingi kýnge deyin 31 vaksinagha ýmitkerge klinikalyq synaqtar jýrgizilgen ekenk. Jana infeksiyany diagnostikalau men emdeuding barlyq qiyndyqtaryna qaramastan uaqyt óte kele aurudyng damu da tómendeydi. Búl medisina qyzmetkerlerining bagha jetpes enbegi. Vaksinalardyng kóp mólsherin qoldanu jәne klinikalyq synaq kezenining bastaluy búl mәseleni tez arada sheshuge ýmit bergen bolatyn.

Kovid auruynyng belgileri eresekterdegi JRVY belgilerine óte úqsas (respiratorlyq virustyq infeksiya), aurudy PTR testimen (poliymerazdy tizbekti reaksiya) nemese antiydenelerding boluyna qan analiyzin alu arqyly dәlirek anyqtaugha bolady.

Kovidting jalpy belgileri:

- qúrghaq jótel;

- joghary temperatura;

- buyndar men búlshyqetterdegi auyrsynu;

- tәbetting bolmauy;

- migreni.

Bastapqyda iyis sezu qabiletining bolmauy jәne qatty jótel infeksiyanyng aiqyn belgileri dep esepteldi, biraq uaqyt óte kele virus әr uaqytta jana belgiler bere otyryp, kýtpegen jerden kórinui mýmkin ekendigi belgili boldy. Dәrigerler, eng aldymen, bar belgilerdi kez kelgen tizimmen salystyrudyng ornyna, olardyng әl-auqatyna jәne qalypty tynys alu mýmkindigine nazar audarudy úsynady.

Jana virustyq infeksiya turaly alghashqy eskertu 2019 jyldyng 31 jeltoqsanynda Qytaydyng Hubey provinsiyasynda, Uhani qalasynda tirkeldi. Bastapqyda virus tek januarlargha әser etti jәne ghalymdardyng pikirinshe, adamgha lastanghan etti jeu arqyly engen. Infeksiyanyng alghashqy órshui kóshedegi teniz ónimderi naryghynyng janynda tirkeldi, búl teoriyany rastaytyn kýshti dәlel. Zertteushiler virus adam aghzasyna jarqanatty jeu arqyly engen dep boljaydy (biz biletin virustardyng kópshiligi adamgha osy sýtqorektilerden taraghan).

Dýniyejýzilik densaulyq saqtau úiymy (DDÚ) basynda virustyng januarlardan shyghu iydeyasyn qoldady, biraq keyinirek virustyng adamnan adamgha baylanys arqyly berilu mýmkindigi joqqa shygharylmaytynyn týsindirdi, óitkeni januarlar arasynda covid infeksiyasynyng kózi eshqashan tabylghan joq.

2020 jyldyng qantar aiynyng basynan bastap Qazaqstan da viruspen kezdesuge belsendi dayyndyqty bastady. Virusty anyqtaudyng alghashqy jýieleri jedel әzirlenip, iske qosyldy, sonymen qatar COVID infeksiyasymen kýresu ýshin shtab qúryldy. 13 nauryz kýni Almaty qalasynda koronavirusty júqtyrghan alghashqy adamdar anyqtaldy. Germaniyadan úshyp kelgen eki Qazaqstan azamaty - 1974 jylghy er adam men 1984 jylghy әiel adamnan COVID-19 tabyldy. Olardyng bireui elge 10 nauryzda, ekinshisi 12 nauryzda úshyp kelgeni mәlim boldy. 13 nauryz kýni taghy da bir jaghday rastaldy - Mәskeu arqyly Milannan (Italiya) Astana qalasyna úshyp kelgen әiel azamattan koronavirus indeti anyqtalghany belgili boldy.

2020 jyldyng aqpan aiynyng sonynda DDÚ jana virustyng taraluyn resmy týrde pandemiya dep jariyalady. Qazirgi uaqytta әlemde shamamen 219 000 000 auru tirkelgen boldy. Virus ýnemi mutasiyagha úshyraydy, nәtiyjesinde әlemde aurudyng jana órshui ýnemi oryn alady. 2021 jyly jaghday "Delita"dep atalatyn koronavirustyng agressivti jәne júqpaly Ýndi shtammynyng tabyluymen qiyndady.

Sol uaqyttarda QR Densaulyq saqtau ministrligi Qazaqstandaghy COVID-19 jaghdayyn túraqty, biraq óte shiyelenisti dep sipattady. 2021 jyldyng qyrkýiek aiynyng ekinshi jartysynda memleket aumaghynda aurudyng ósui qaytadan tirkeldi, búl "tórtinshi tolqynnyn" bastaluy boluy mýmkin.

Beybarys Shalabaev

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