Surette: tarihshy Ermúqan Bekmahanov

Jappay nauqan 1951 jyldyng 11-12 nauryzy kýnderi Qazaq SSR Ghylym akademiyasynyng tarih institutynda bastaldy. Onda «Pravda» gazetindegi maqala tolyqtay maqúldanyp, Kenesary jәne tarihshy E.Bekmahanov «qazaq halqynyng jauy» bolyp jariyalandy. A.Chernichenko onyng esebin «Pravdanyn» bas redaktoryna jiberdi, al ol 13-nauryz kýni Iliichevting ilespesimen Suslovqa jetkizilipti. Susymanyng mazmúny mynaday:

«Pravdanyn» maqalasyn talqylaugha arnalghan Qazaq SSR Ghylym akademiyasynyng tarih institutynyn jabyq partiya jinalysy eki kýnge sozyldy. Jinalysqa 30 adam qatysty. Jaryssózde 11 kommunist sóiledi. Onda keneytilgen qauly qabyldandy. «Pravdanyn» maqalasy óte dúrys dep tabyldy. Gazetting jariyalanymy «Pravdanyn» Qazaqstan ghylymynyng damuynan jasalghan qamqorlyq dep baghalandy. Qaulynyng әshkereleushi bóliminde: Kenesary qozghalysyn feodaldyq-reaksiyalyq, monarhiyalyq qozghalys. Kitap avtory Bekmahanov – burjuaziyashyl-últshyl, troskiyshil Varshavskiymen auyz jalasqan, ekeui birigip iydeologiya maydanyna ziyankestik keltirip otyr – dep baghalandy.

Surette: tarihshy Ermúqan Bekmahanov

Jappay nauqan 1951 jyldyng 11-12 nauryzy kýnderi Qazaq SSR Ghylym akademiyasynyng tarih institutynda bastaldy. Onda «Pravda» gazetindegi maqala tolyqtay maqúldanyp, Kenesary jәne tarihshy E.Bekmahanov «qazaq halqynyng jauy» bolyp jariyalandy. A.Chernichenko onyng esebin «Pravdanyn» bas redaktoryna jiberdi, al ol 13-nauryz kýni Iliichevting ilespesimen Suslovqa jetkizilipti. Susymanyng mazmúny mynaday:

«Pravdanyn» maqalasyn talqylaugha arnalghan Qazaq SSR Ghylym akademiyasynyng tarih institutynyn jabyq partiya jinalysy eki kýnge sozyldy. Jinalysqa 30 adam qatysty. Jaryssózde 11 kommunist sóiledi. Onda keneytilgen qauly qabyldandy. «Pravdanyn» maqalasy óte dúrys dep tabyldy. Gazetting jariyalanymy «Pravdanyn» Qazaqstan ghylymynyng damuynan jasalghan qamqorlyq dep baghalandy. Qaulynyng әshkereleushi bóliminde: Kenesary qozghalysyn feodaldyq-reaksiyalyq, monarhiyalyq qozghalys. Kitap avtory Bekmahanov – burjuaziyashyl-últshyl, troskiyshil Varshavskiymen auyz jalasqan, ekeui birigip iydeologiya maydanyna ziyankestik keltirip otyr – dep baghalandy.

Al qaulynyng sheshim qabyldaytyn bóliminde: Bekmahanovtyng partiyalyq mәselesi ol Moskvadan qaytyp kelgen song talqylansyn. Ony ghylymy dәrejesi men ataghynan aiyru mәselesi kóterilsin. Qazaqstan K(b)P Ortalyq komiytetinen onyng kitaptaryna tiym salu ótinilsin. «Qazaq SSR tarihynyn» ekinshi basylymyn jýzege asyru mәselesi úsynylsyn. Qazaqstan K(b)P Ortalyq komiytetining hatshysy Omarov joldastyng Bekmahanovty qolday otyryp, onyng qarsylastaryn qughyngha úshyratyp, ghylymgha arakcheevtik (qarabaylyq) qysym kórsetken partiyagha jat minezi Qazaqstan K(b)P Ortalyq komiytetining nazaryna úsynylsyn. Sonymen qatar, Bekmahanovtyng ózge de qoldaushylary men qorghaushylarynyn, atap aitqanda, uniyversiytetting rektory Tәjibaevtin, Qazaqstan K(b)P Ortalyq komiytetining ýgit-nasihat bólimining búryngha orynbasary Júmaghazinnin, sonday-aq Ádilgereevtin, Jiyrenshinning t.b. partiyagha jat minezderin de qarau mәselesi de qoyylsyn. Qazaqstannyng tarihyn bayandauda markstik ilimge qarsy ústanymdy ótkizip jibergen partiya mýshesi, professor Vyatkinning partiyagha jat minezi Leningrad qalalyq partiya komiytetine habarlansyn,– degen sheshim qabyldandy».

HH ghasyrdyng sekseninshi jyldarynyng ayaghynda, osy maqaladan keyin 38 jyl ótken song Kenesary qozghalysy men Ermahan Bekmahanovqa qazaq tarihy men qazaq tarihnamasynan óz orynyn berip, olardy aqtau turaly «Júldyz» jurnalynda tarihshylar men әdebiyetshilerding basyn qosyp, pikir alysu ótkizgenimizden keyin akademik Kenes Núrpeyis pen tarihshy Býrkit Ayaghan osy jabyq partiya jinalysynyng jәne sol jyly 21-tamyz kýni ótken, preziydent Q.Sәtbaevting ózi tóraghalyq etken Qazaq SSR Ghylym Akademiyasy Prezidiumy kenesining qoljazba hattamasyn bizge tanysugha berip edi. Onda qozghalystyng progressivti boluynyng sebepterin ornyqtyrugha tyrysqan T.Tәjibaevtin, Ádilgereevtin, Dilmúhamedovtin, Eleuovtin, Jiyrenshinnin, Nýsipbekovting pikirleri men solardy «halyq jauy, últshyl, burjuaziyashyl, orysqa qarsy qastandyq iydeyasyn órshitushi» retinde kórsetken T.Shoyynbaevtin, H.Gh.Aydarovanyn, Túrsynbaevtin, Sýleymenovtin, Pokrovskiyding әshkereleulerin ghana býkil qazaq tarihshylarynyng pikiri retinde M.A.Suslovtyng nazaryna úsynghan.

Ondaghy pikirlerdi saralap taldaudyng ózine bir monografiya azdyq eter edi jәne ol tarihshylardyng enshisi bolsa kerek. Ol pikirtalastyng stenogrammasy E.Bekmahanovtyng alty tomdyq basylymyna engendikten de, qisyndyryp qiystyrudyng jóni de joq dep eseptedik.

Al bizding maqsatymyz tarihy túlghalardyng taghdyr talqysyn ashu jәne dәl osy arada búl nauqannyng úiymdastyrushy «Pravda» gazetining arandatuyn kórsetu bolghandyqtan da, sol «Pravdanyn» Suslovqa joldaghan jogharydaghy «susymasynyn» jalghasyn berumen shektelemiz. Al múnda osy jariyalanymgha baylanysty aldaghy uaqytta kimderding qughyngha úshyrauy mýmkin ekeni aldyn-ala belgilengen jәne osy Bekmahanovqa qarsyarandatudy qazaq tarihshylarynyng ishinen kimder órshitkeni turaly maghlúmat beriledi. Endigi kezek I.Omarovtyng «Kýndeliginde» emeuirin etilgen adamdargha keldi.

A.Chernichenko (jalghasy): «Jinalysta sóilegen kommunister Bekmahanovtyng qatelikterin basa synady.

Tarih ghylymynyng kandidaty Túrsynbaev: – Kenesary – Qazaqstandaghy barlyq kontrrevolusionerlerding tuy boldy. Ol ashalordashylardyng da, 1930-jyldardaghy baylardyng Sozaqtaghy kóterilisining de, 1937-1938 jyldary әshkerelengen kontrrevolusionerler tobynyng da tuy boldy. Bekmahanov – ghalym emes, onyng ústanymy joq, ol últshyl jәne troskiyshil Varshavskiyding kómegimen shimay-shatpaq kitap jazdy. Onyng kitabi qazaq halqy men orys halqynyng arasyndaghy dostyqqa iritki salady.

Bekmahanovtyng barlyq qarsylastary Omarov joldastyng tarapynan arandatugha jәne qughyngha úshyrady. Olar joghary oqu oryndaryna dәris beruden shettetildi, ghylymy kenesting qúramynan jәne әr týrli basylymdardyng alqa qúramynan shygharyldy. Kóptegen oqulyqtar Bekmahanovtyng últshyl iydeyasymaghymen tyghyndalghan. Búl iydeyasymaqtarmen studentterding iydeologiyasy ulanyp jatyr. Uniyversiytetting rektory Tәjibaev Bekmahanovtyng barlyq qarsylastaryn uniyversiytetten quyp shyqty, Qazaqstan tarihynan dәris beretin olardyng orynyn onyng (Bekmahanovtyng – T.J.) jaqtastaryna aiyrbastady. Bizding partiya úiymymyz «Pravdanyn» maqalasyn talqylaugha rúqsat bergende Bekmahanov Moskvagha zytyp (udral) ketti, ketkende de deputattargha arnalghan poezben ketti, әriyne, keybir basqarushy joldastardyng kómeginsiz búl mýmkin emes edi».

Ózine-ózi senimdi, boyyn shalqaq ústap jýretin, kezdeskendi keudesimen basyp jibergesi kelip túratyn jәne uniyversiytet pen tarih institutynyng ghylymy kenesterining jәne barlyq tarihy basylymdardyng alqa mýsheligine qoly jetken osy adam jetpisinshi jyldardyng ortasyna deyin, qashan kóz júmghansha kenesaryshylar men bekmahanovshylardy bet qaratpady. Biraq tarihy uaqyt onyng da ýkimin shygharyp, ghylymy oy sahnasynan ysyryp tastady. Mine, jarty ghasyrdyng kóleminde onyng enbegine sýiengen silteme eshbir ghylymy enbekten kezdespeydi. Búl da tarihtyng ýkimi shyghar.

Kelesi kezek «Pravdanyn» redaksiya alqasynda Kenesary men Bekmahanovty kókpargha salyp bergen tarihshy Bek Sýleymenovke berildi. Shyndyghyn aitayyq, әshkereleushi partiyalyq ústanymnyng tizgininen ústaghan, «Pravdanyn» sózin sóileushi tarihshynyng da qughyngha úshyrap, jiyrma bes jylgha jer audarylyp ketui bizge esh týsiniksiz kórindi. Sebebin de anyqtaudyng reti kelmedi. Q.Múhamedhanov: «Minezinen tapty. Oinaqtap jýrip ózi qaqpangha týsti»,– degennen basqa syr ashpady. Bizding oiymyzgha, osy «Alashorda» tergeu isi boyynsha kuәlikke tartylyp, sonynan olardyng ózi atu jazasyna búiyrylghan D.Ádilevtin, Á.Baydildinning sorly taghdyry oraldy. Bek Sýleymenov te sonyng kerin qúshqan boluy mýmkin. Al onyng tómendegi keltirilgen sózi ózining de, ózgening de taghdyrynyng shәt-shәlekeyin shyghardy.

A.Chernichenko (jalghasy): «Tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty Sýleymenovting sózi: – Burjuaziyashyl últshyl Bekmahanov turaly Qazaqstan tarihshylary qanshama ret mәsele kóterdi desenshi, biraq sonyng bir de birin qoldamady. Kerisinshe, múnday manyzdy mәseleni kim kóterse, sol adam qughyn men arandatugha úshyrady. Omarov joldas mening Bekmahanovtyng kitabining ziyandy ekeni turaly BK(b)P Ortalyq komiyteti men SSSR Ghylym Akademiyasynyng aldyna mәsele qoyghanymdy bilgen son, ol meni shaqyryp aldy da dóreki ses kórsetti. Búl jaghday birneshe ret qaytalandy. Qazaqstan K(b)P Ortalyq komiytetinde ótken tarihshylardyng respublikalyq kenesinde sóilegen mening sózimdi Shayahmetov joldas birneshe ret bóldi. Ol osy minezimen otyrghandardyng bәrining Bekmahanovqa tiyispeui kerektigin anghartty.

Shәripov pen Ádilgereev birneshe ret Bekmahanovtyng jolbiykeleri (hodatayami) retinde memleket esebinen Mәskeuge jiberildi. Búl jolbiykeler Mәskeudegilerdi: Qazaqstan tarihshylarynyng barlyghy da Bekmahanovtyng últshyl iydeyasymaghymen kelisedi-mis,– dep sendirdi. Is jýzinde eshqashanda onday bolghan emes. Óz kezeginde Pankratova, Vyatkin әueli Ábdihalyqovqa (sol kezdegi QK(b)P OK-ning hatshysy –T.J.), sodan keyin Omarovqa Bekmahanovtyng kitabi turaly Mәskeude qanday sóz aitylyp jatyr, sonyng barlyghyn jetkizip túrdy. Bekmahanov ýshin Qazaqstanda erekshe jaghday jasalghan. Ol syn ataulydan berik qorghalghan, ózining oiyna ne kelse, sony isteydi. Omarovtan basqa, al men Omarovty әli jetilmegen partiya qyzmetkeri dep esepteymin, Bekmahanovty Sauranbaev, Tәjibaev, Nýsipbekov, Jiyrenshin qorghaydy. Meni búrynghy SSSR-ding Joghary bilim ministri Kaftanov joldastyng әreketi tanqaldyrady, ol bir qolymen Bekmahanovtyng ziyandy enbekterin uniyversiytette oqytpau turaly әdil búiryqqa (aytpaqshy, Qazaqstanda búl búiryq júrtshylyqtan jasyryldy), ekinshi qolymen Kafanov joldas dәl osy ziyandy enbegi ýshin Bekmahanovqa jedeldete ghylym kandidaty jәne ghylym doktory dәrejesin beru turaly búiryqqa qol qoyady. Baryp túrghan prinsipsizdik degen osy emes pe?».

IYә, Sýleymenovting búl sózinen onyng Kenesary ýshin emes, otyz jastan asar-aspastan ghylym doktory dәrejesin alghan Ermahan Bekmahanovtyng kóterilgen baghy qatty kýiindirgeni anyq angharylady. Al Iliyas Omarovtay adamdy «jetilmegen partiya qyzmetkeri» deui, ol adamnyng ózining de tarihshy retindegi tarihy oilau jýiesine kýmәn keltiredi. Osy rette Bek Sýleymenovting tura osy mәselege baylanysty 1948 jylghy 8-qantarda Q.Sәtbaevqa qarata «Qazaq SSR tarihynyn» ekinshi basylymyndaghy óreskel qatelerdi әshkerelep jazghan hatyn eske alsaq, onyng búl mәselemen tabandy týrde tórt jyl qatarynan ainalysqanyna kózimiz jetedi.

A.Chernichenko (jalghasy): «Institut diyrektory Pokrovskiy: jinalysta sóilegen sózinde ózining qateligin moyyndady. «Qazaq SSR tarihynyn» ekinshi tomyndaghy qatelikter Omarovtyn, Pankratovanyn, Vyatkinning arakcheevtik ýstemdigi men zorlyghynyng nәtiyjesinde jiberilgendigin aitty. Sodan keyin ol burjuaziyalyq-últshyl kózqarastardy ótkizip jibergen Bekmahanovtyng barlyq enbekterin synady, Kenesaryny әshkereleytin kóptegen arhiv qújattaryn mysalgha keltirdi. Bekmahanov ol qújattardy qoldan óndegen, odan Kenesaryny qoldaytyn maghyna beretin jekelegen tirkesterdi ghana oqshau qoldanghan.

Ghylym Akademiyasynyng partkom hatshysy Efimov: «Pravdanyn» maqalasyn talqylaugha Ortalyq komiytet kópke deyin rúqsat bermedi. Tek tayauda ghana QK(b)P Ortalyq komiytetining ekinshi hatshysy S.IY.Kruglov joldas oghan rúqsat berdi. Akademiyanyng preziydenti Sәtbaev, akademik Sauranbaev Bekmahanovty әshkereleuge barynsha kedergi keltirip baqty. 1949 jyly partiya úiymy Bekmahanovtyng mәselesin qaramaq bolghanda әr týrli telefon soghyldy. Almaty obkomynyng hatshysy Janghozin joldas eshqashanda akademiyanyng ómirine nazar audaryp kórgen joq, nazar da audarmay keledi, mine, sol kezde ol telefon shalyp, Bekmahanovtyng mәselesin qonggha ýzildi-kesildi tiym saldy. Tura sonday tiym búrynghy qalalyq partiya komiytetining hatshysy, ózining baydyng túqymy ekenin jasyrghany ýshin  BK(b)P qatarynan shygharylghan S.Jýsipbekovting tarapynan da jasaldy. Omarov joldas: Bekmahanovtyng qateligin últshyldyq emes, sayasy qatelik dep qaranyzdar,– dep meni ýgittedi».

Búl maghlúmatqa qaraghanda Kenesaryny әshkereleu – partiyalyq emes, últtyq sypat alghanyn bayqatady. Óitkeni, Qazaqstan Ortalyq komiytetining birinshi hatshysy J.Shayahmetov, iydeologiya jónindegi hatshy I.Omarov, Almaty Obkomynyng iydeologiya jónindegi hatshysy D.J.Janghoziyn, Almaty qalasynyng birinshi hatshysy Ysqaqovtyn, iydeologiya hatshysy S.Jýsipbekovtin, Uniyversiytetting rektory T.Tәjibaevtin, Tarih instituty partiya úiymynyng hatshysy A.Nýsipbekovting Kenesary qozghalysy men E.Bekmahanov turaly jaghymdy pikirin joqqa shygharyp, oghan qarsy kýresushiler – Akademiyanyng partiya úiymynyng hatshysy S.Ya.Efimov, Tarih institutynyng diyrektorlary (kezegimen), akademikter S.V.ishkov, S.N.Pokrovskiy, I.Omarovtyng «Kýndeliginde» emeuirin etilgen adamnyng biri, Q(b)KP Ortalyq komiytetining ekinshi hatshysy (Mәskeu ýshin birinshi hatshynyng esebinde) S.IY.Kruglov, «Pravdanyn» Qazaqstandaghy tilshisi A.Chernichenko, «Pravdanyn» qyzmetkerleri P.Kuznesov pen V.Ozerov, «Pravdanyn» bas redaktory L.F.Iliichev, BK(b)P Ortalyq komiytetining ýgit-nasihat bólimining qyzmetkerleri Morozov, Liholat, Apostolov, A.Mitiyn, Mitreykiyn, bólim mengerushisi V.S.Krujkov, BK(b)P Ortalyq komiytetining iydeologiya jónindegi hatshysy, súr kardinal M.A.Suslov ekenin eskersek, onda kózqaras qayshylyghynyng astary Kenesary men Bekmahanovta emes, últshyldyq pen shovinizmning mýddeli qaqtyghysynda jatqanyn bayqaymyz. Áriyne, ómir sýrip otyrghan óktem imperiyanyng degeni bolatyny anyq. Akademik A.Pankratovanyn:

«... Gruzinnin, taghy basqa últtardyng tura osynday oqighalargha qatysty kniyazdarynyng qozghalysy progressivti bolady da, nege qazaq handary reksioner dep baghalanady, men sony týsinbeymin»,– degen maghynadaghy Iliyas Omarovqa jazghan hatyndaghy súraqtyng jauabyna eshkim de bas qatyryp jatpady.

Tarihy shyndyq pen tarihy kózqaras shyndyghy tura osy arada jatyr edi.

A.Chernichenko (jalghasy): «Jinalysqa qatysqandar, әsirese jastar: «Kenesary ýshin nege kýres jýrip jatyr, az ghana sauaty bar adam ýshin onyng reaksioner ekeni belgili emes pe. Kenesary kimge, ne ýshin kerek? Mәselening mәni nede?»,– dep súraq qoydy.

Áuelde bayandama jasaghan, keyinnen qorytyndy sóz sóilegen (instituttyng – T.J.) partiya úiymynyng hatshysy, tarih ghylymynyng kandidaty Nýsipbekov ózining qateligin tolyq moyyndady. Tarih ghylymynyng kandidaty Dilmúhamedov: әr týrli maqalalardyng әseri yqpal etkendikten, Kenesaryny qazaq halqynyng kósemi dep qabyldaghanyn aityp, qatesin moyyndady.

Osy jinalysqa qatysqan respublikalyq «Kazahstanskaya pravda» gazetining nasihat bólimining mengerushisi Rachkov joldas ýzilis kezinde Pokrovskiyding bólmesinde birneshe adamnyng kózinshe:

– Osy jinalysqa MQK-ning (Memlekettik qauipsizdik ministrligining – T.J.) qyzmetkerining qatyspaghanyna qatty ókinemin. Ol kóptegen nәrselerdi ózining qaperine alghan bolar edi,– dedi»,– dep jazdy «Pravdanyn» tilshisi.

Áriyne, Rachkov joldas beker alandaghan, óitkeni osyny úiymdastyryp, arandatyp otyrghan mekemening ózi – sol Memlekettik Qauipsizdik ministrligi bolatyn. Oghan J.Shayahmetovting joldaghan «qúpiya búryshtamalary» dәlel. Janaghyday imperiyanyng quatty iydeologtary kiriskennen keyin Qazaqstan K(b)P Ortalyq komiyteti burosynyng qauly shygharuy ghana qaldy. Ol Qauly 10-sәuir kýni «Pravda» gazetinde basylghan «Qazaqstan tarihynyng mәseleleri markstik-lenindik túrghydan bayandalsyn» degen maqala turaly» degen atpen barlyq merzimdik baspasózderde jariyalandy. Onda (qysqasha mazmúny):

«Pravda» gazetinde 1950 jyly 26-dekabride jariyalanghan «Qazaqstan tarihynyng mәseleleri markstik-lenindik túrghydan bayandalsyn» degen maqalanyng han Kenesary Qasymovtyng reaksiyalyq, feodaldyq-monarhiyalyq qozghalysyna bagha bererde E.Bekmahanovtyng jibergen óreskel sayasy qatelerin dúrys ashatyndyghyn Qazaqstan K(b)P Ortalyq komiyteti atap kórsetti» (...).

«F.Engelis 1851 jyly 23 mayda K.Markske jazghan hatynda «Rossiya Shyghys jóninde shyn mәninde progresshil roli atqaryp otyr... Rossiyanyng ýstemdigi Qara teniz ben Kaspiy tenizderi jәne Ortalyq Aziya ýshin, bashqúrttar men tatarlar ýshin sivilizasiyalandyrushy roli atqaryp otyr...»,– dep jazdy (Shygharmalar, HHI tom, 211-bet)».

«(...) Múnyng ózi qazaq enbekshilerining patsha otarshylary men qazaq feodaldaryna qarsy últ-azattyq qozghalysynyng ósuin tudyrdy; búl qozghalys ezilgen orys sharualarynyng kýresimen tyghyz baylanysty boldy».

«(...) Sonymen Kenesary qozghalysy halyqtyq qozghalys ta emes, búqaralyq qozghalys ta emes, azattyq qozghalys ta emes, reaksiyalyq qozghalys boldy».

«(...) Ghylym jәne partiya júrtshylyghy E.Bekmahanovtyng sayasy qatelerin oghan san ret kórsetti. Qazaqstan K(b)P  Ortalyq komiytetining «Qazaq SSR tarihynyn» ekinshi basyluyn әzirleu turaly» 1945 jyly 14-avgusttaghy qarary ol ýshin ýlken eskertu bolugha tiyis edi. Biraq E.Bekmahanov ghylym jәne partiya júrtshylyghynyng pikirimen sanaspady jәne partiyagha qarsy, burjuaziyalyq-últshyldyq pozisiyalarda qasarysyp qalyp keledi.

Qazaqstan K(b)P  Ortalyq komiyteti mynany da atap kórsetti «Qazaq SSR tarihy» kitabynyng ekinshi basyluyn әzirleu turaly» Qazaqstan K(b)P  Ortalyq komiytetining 1945 jylghy 14-avgusttaghy qararyn oryndamady jәne han Kenesary Qasymovtyng qozghalysyna bagha berude kitaptyng birinshi basyluynda jibergen sayasy qatelerdi taghy da jiberdi.

Qazaqstan K(b)P Ortalyq komiyteti «Pravda» gazetining «Qazaqstan tarihynyng mәseleleri markstik-lenindik túrghydan bayandalsyn» degen 1950 jyly 26 dekabride basylghan maqalasyn dúrys dep tanydy jәne markstik-lenindik ilim negizinde Qazaqstan tarihyn tereng jәne shyn bayandaudy, sovet dәuirining tarihyn jasaugha airyqsha kónil bóludi, qazaq halqynyng tarihyn, onyng úly orys halqymen berik dostyghynyng tarihyn búrmalaugha tyrysqan әreketting qandayyna bolsa da qarsy batyl kýres jýrgizudi respublika tarihshylarynyng aldynda óte manyzdy mindet etip qoydy.

Qazaqstan K(b)P  Ortalyq komiyteti Qazaq SSR Akademiyasynyng Prezidiumyn myna júmystardy isteuge mindettedi: «Qazaq SSR tarihynyn» birinshi tomy týzetilip, 1952 jyly qayta basylsyn, onda búl kitaptyng ekinshi basyluynda jiberilgen sayasy qateler joyylsyn; Qazaqstandaghy HVIII-HIH ghasyrlardaghy últtyq qozghalystar turaly mәsele halyqtyq, azattyq qozghalystardy reaksiyalyq, feodaldyq-monorhiyalyq qozghalystardan aiyru túrghysynan sheshilsin;

Kenesary Qasymov qozghalysynyng reaksiyalyq, feodaldyq-monarhiyalyq qozghalys ekendigi turaly mәsele «Qazaq SSR tarihynyn» kóp tomdyghynda, «Qazaq әdebiyetining tarihynda» jәne basqa da kitaptarda kórsetilsin.

Qazaq SSR Akademiyasynyng tariyh, arheologiya jәne etnografiya instituty men til jәne әdebiyet institutynyng diyrektorlaryna, respublikalyq gazetter men jurnaldardyng redaktorlaryna Kenesary Qasymovtyng reaksiyalyq qozghalysyn әshkereleytin birneshe maqalalar әzirlep, basyp shygharu tapsyryldy.

Qazaqstan K(b)P oblystyq komiytetterine, audandyq komiytetterine jәne qalalyq komiytetterine «Pravda» gazetining «Qazaqstan tarihynyng mәseleleri markstik-lenindik túrghydan bayandalsyn» degen maqalasyn Qazaqstan K(b)P  Ortalyq komiytetining búl mәsele jónindegi qaulysyn respublikanyng joghary oqu oryndarynyng pariya úiymdary men barlyq orta oqu oryndarynyng pedogog kollektivterining ashyq jinalystarynda talqylau tapsyryldy.

Osy jyldyng apreli aiynda Almaty qalasy men oblys ortalyqtarynda intelliygensiyanyng jinalysyn ótkizip, ol jinalysta «Qazaqstan tarihynyng mәselelerin markstik-lenindik túrghydan bayandau turaly» bayandama jasau belgilendi...»,– («Leninshil jas»,1951, 21 sәuir) dep atap kórsetildi.

Osydan keyin 20-sәuir kýni Jazushylar odaghynda «Kenesary – halyqtyng qas jauy» atty taqyrypta partiya úiymynyng ashyq jinalysy ótti. Onda odaqtyng jauapty hatshysy Q.Jarmaghambetov kólemdi bayandama jasap, qazaq әdebiyetindegi Kenesary beynesining somdaluy tarihyna barynsha keng toqtalyp ótti. Ol:

«Kenesary Qasymovtyng reaksiyashyl qozghalysyn әdebiyette dәripteuding jana tolqyny 1939-jyldardan bastalady. Búl mәselege SSRO Ghylym Akademiyasynyng Qazaq filialynyng sol kezdegi әdeby sektory úiytqy boldy da, sol sektordyng sol kezdegi basshysy E.Ismaiylov úiymdastyrushy boldy. E.Ismaiylov 1940 jyly Kenesarynyng qyrghyz halqyna jasaghan basqynshylyq shabuylyn aqtap, arnauly monografiya jazdy. Ádebiyet sektorynyng sol kezdegi ghylymy qyzmetkeri X.Bekhojin «Ádebiyet jәne iskusstvo» jurnalynyng 1941 jylghy 5-nomerinde «Qazaq әdebiyetindegi Kenesary men Nauryzbay beyneleri» degen maqalasyn jariyalady, Ismailov pen Bekhojinning búl enbekterinde Kenesary Qasymovtyng reaksiyashyl-monarhiyalyq qozghalysy progressivtik, últ-azattyq qozghalys dep tanylyp, Kenesary men onyng tóniregindegi qaraqshylary – halyq batyrlary dәrejesinde dәripteldi. Dәlirek aitqanda, Kenesary jónindegi últshyl-alashordashylardyng eski sandyraghyn qaytalady.

1940 jyly Ismailovtyng basshylyghymen Kenesarygha arnalghan poemalar men ólenderden jinaq qúrastyrylyp, 1941 jyly Qazaqtyng Memlekettik Baspasyna ótkizildi. Ismailovtyng basshylyghyndaghy әdebiyet sektory búl sharalargha da qanaghattanbay, Kenesary men onyng nókerleri turaly aqyndargha shygharmalar jazdyrdy. X.Bekhojin «Nauan batyr» degen poema jazyp, qandybalaq Nauryzbaydy halyq batyry dep kótermeledi. A.Toqmaghambetov Kenesarynyng әskery basshylarynyng biri, qyrghyz halqyna qarsy basqynshylyq soghysta jauyzdyghymen kózge týsken Búqarbay turaly poema jazdy. Q.Amanjolov «Kókshetau» degen poema jazyp, Kenesarynyn  Kókshetauda bolghan kezin ansaytyndyghyn bayandady. Ismailovtyng tapsyruymen halyq aqyndary Sayadil Kerimbekov, Doskey Álimbaev, Imanjan Jylqaydarov Kenesaryny maqtap poemalar shyghardy. Búl poemalardyng bәrin de әdebiyet sektory satyp alyp, Ismailovtyng basshylyghymen Kenesary turaly ekinshi kitap әzirlendi.

Ismailov 1944 jyly «SSRO Ghylym Akademiyasy Qazaq filialynyng habarlarynda» jariyalanghan «Soghys jyldaryndaghy qazaq poeziyasynyng jayy men mindetteri» degen (53-bet) maqalasynda Shamili men Kenesaryny boyauly sózdermen madaqtay kelip, olardyng tarihtaghy ornyn Suvorov, Kutuzov, Amangeldi, Shors, Chapaevtargha teneydi.

1946 jylghy «Qazaq әdebiyeti» degen kitabynda (orta mektep oqu qúraly) Ismailov Kenesaryny halyq batyry, últ-azattyq qozghalysynyng kósemi dep baghalaydy.

1949 jyly M.Áuezovting redaksiyasymen shyqqan qazaq әdebiyeti tarihynyng birinshi tomyndaghy «Tarihy jyrlar» degen bólimde Ismailov «HIH-ghasyrda bolghan últ-azattyq qozghalysynyng ishindegi eng kórnektisi Kenesary Qasymovtyng basshylyghymen bolghan halyq kóterilisi» (311-bet) – dep týiedi.

Osynyng barlyghy әdebiyetshi Ismailovtyng Kenesarynyng reaksiyashyl-últshyl qozghalysynyng әdebiyettegi advokaty bolyp kelgendigin dәleldeydi.

S.Múqanov 20 jyl boyyna Kenesary Qasymovtyng qozghalysyn halyqqa qarsy reaksiyashyl dep keldi. 1923 jyly jazghan «Sheshender qara taqtagha jazylmandar!» degen maqalasynda S.Múqanov Kenesary qozghalysynyng reaksiyashyl mәnin dúrys әshkereledi. Odan keyingi jyldarda «Qyzyl Qazaqstan», «Jana әdebiyet» jurnaldarynda jariyalanghan qazaq әdebiyeti tarihynyng mәseleleri jónindegi maqalalarynda da alghashqy aitqan pikirinde qalyp otyrdy.

1942 jyly jazghan «XVIII jәne HIH ghasyrlardaghy qazaq әdebiyeti tarihynyng ocherkteri» degen kitabynda S.Múqanov búrynghy pikirlerinen bezip, Kenesarynyng reaksiyashyl qozghalysyn progressivtik, últ-azattyq qozghalysy dep tanidy.

Qazaq halqy tarihynyng dauly mәselesi bolyp kelgen Kenesary qozghalysyna kózqarasynyng tym shúghyl óegeruining sebebin Múqanov joldas osy jinalysta ashyp aituy kerek.

Professor Júmaliyevting kózqarasynda da dәl osynday túraqsyzdyq bolghanyn kóremiz. 1938 jyly jariyalanghan «Mahambet Ótemisovting tvorchestvosy» degen enbeginde Kenesary qozghalysyn halyqqa qarsy qozghalys dep tanysa, 1941 jyly «XVIII jәne HIH ghasyrlardaghy qazaq әdebiyetining tarihy» (orta mektep ýshin oqu qúraly) degen kitabynda Nysanbay tvorchestvosyn talday kelip, Kenesary qozghalysyn progressivtik dep týsindirdi. 1948-49-50 jyldary shyqqan orta mektepting oqu qúraly kitaptarynda da osy pikirin qaytalaydy. Óz kózqarasynyng ózgeru sebebin Júmaliyevting de ashyp aituy kerek.

Abay shәkirtteri turaly mәsele, dәlirek aitqanda, Abaydyng aqyndyq mektebi turaly mәsele qazirgi kezde әdebiyetshilerimiz arasynda talas tudyryp jýrgen mәsele ekendigin eskerte kelip, bayandamashy búl mәsele jóninde pikir alysu kerek degen úsynys jasady. Kenesary Qasymovtyng reaksiyashyl-monarhiyalyq, feodalshyl-últshyl qozghalysyna bagha berude әdebiyet tarihynda jiberilgen sayasy óreskel qatelerdi joydyng sharalaryna toqtala kelip, bayandamashy osy jylghy apreliding 4-i kýni «Sosialistik Qazaqstan» gazetinde jariyalanghan «Ádebiyette Kenesary qozghalysyn dәripteuge karsy kýreseyik» degen Ghúmarova joldastyng maqalasy, sonday-aq apreliding 19-y kýni «Leninskaya smena» gazetinde jariyalanghan osy mәsele jónindegi Á.Tәjibaev joldastyng maqalasy óte manyzdy pikirlerdi kóterip, X.Bekhojiyn, E.Ismaiylov, X.Júmaliyev, M.Áuezov, S.Múqanovtardyng Kenesary qozghalysyn baghalaudaghy qatelikterin dúrys ashatyndyghyna atap toqtady» («Ádebiyet jәne iskusstvo», 1951, №8).

Bayandamadan alynghan osy úzaq ýzindiden qazaq әdebiyetining basyna qanday qauip tóngenin anyq bayqaugha bolady. Aty atalghan adamdardyng partiyalyq jazadan qútyluy ekitalay bolatyn. Talqylau barysynda әli jariyalanbaghan dastandar da syngha ilinip ketti. Oghan Q.Jarmaghambetov ózining qorytyndy sózinde:

«IYә, Asqar Toqmaghambetovting dastany jariyalanbaghan, biraq ol aqynnyng Kenesary qozghalysyna kózqarasyn bildiredi. Sondyqtan da shyndyqty atap óttim. Al Kenesary turaly shygharmalar búl jinalysta talqylana ma degenge kelsek, QK(b)P qaulysy Kenesary qozghalysy turaly maqalalar shoghyryn jariyalaudy mindetteydi, onday maqalalardy aldaghy uaqytta jariyalaymyz»,– dedi.

IYә, kenestik jazalau iydeologiyasy atqarghan isindi ghana emes, oilaghan oiyndy da jazagha tartugha baghyttaldy. Ójet oily Qaynekey ony eskermese, ózine min taghylatynyn bilip, tizimge qosqan. Ókinishke oray, osy bir nauqandaghy jantalas kezinde onyng azamattyq ózegi órtenip ketti. Asa quatty oy iyesi ózining arymen ózi arpalysyp, aqyry ómirin jalghyzdyqpen ayaqtady.

(Jalghasy bar)

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