Shyghys Qazaqstan aimaghynyng toponimiyalyq jýiesi kez-kelgen basqa ólkeler toponimiyasy siyaqty kóne, kirme jәne qazaq tili negizinde qalyptasqan ataulardan túratyn kýrdeli jýie týzgen. Toponimist ghalymdar arasynda etimologiyalary dau tudyryp kele jatqan Altay, Ertis, Kýrshim, Dolanqara, Sengir, Sayqan, Jemeney, Búqtyrma, Túrghysyn syndy kóne ataularmen qatar, aimaq topojýiesining 10 payyzyn qúraytyn monghol tilinen jәne 25 payyzyn qúraytyn orys tilinen engen ataular kezdesedi.

Shyghys Qazaqstan aimaghynyng toponimiyalyq jýiesi kez-kelgen basqa ólkeler toponimiyasy siyaqty kóne, kirme jәne qazaq tili negizinde qalyptasqan ataulardan túratyn kýrdeli jýie týzgen. Toponimist ghalymdar arasynda etimologiyalary dau tudyryp kele jatqan Altay, Ertis, Kýrshim, Dolanqara, Sengir, Sayqan, Jemeney, Búqtyrma, Túrghysyn syndy kóne ataularmen qatar, aimaq topojýiesining 10 payyzyn qúraytyn monghol tilinen jәne 25 payyzyn qúraytyn orys tilinen engen ataular kezdesedi.

HIII ghasyrdaghy mongholdar ýstemdigi men jonghar qalmaqtarynyng joryqtaryna baylanysty payda bolghan toponimder de bar. Mysaly, Tarbaghatay atauy monghol tilining tarvaga(n) – suyr sózine týrki tilderining tau//tagh//tay sózining qosyluy arqyly jasalghan, Tolaghay atauy monghol tilining tolgoy – jer, tóbe, tóbeshik, tompaq mәndes sózderinen payda bolghan, Qandaghatay atauy monghol tilindegi handgay – búlan sózine -tay affiksining qosyluy arqyly jasalghan, maghynasy – «búlandy». Monghol jәne qazaq halqy arasyndaghy tarihy qarym-qatynastyng nәtiyjesinde aimaq toponimiyasy monghol tilinen ataulardyng enuimen birge Jonghar qaqpasy, Tórtqalmaq, Qalmaqtas siyaqty ataular da payda boldy. Shyghys Qazaqstanda basqa oblystargha qaraghanda, monghol elimen úzaq uaqyt kórshilestigine, sonday-aq tarihy oqighalardyng atalghan ólkeden bastalghandyghyna baylanysty monghol ataulary kóbirek kezdesedi. Búl toponimiyalyq ataular qazaq tilining zandylyqtaryna say ózgeristerge úshyraghan.
XVII ghasyrda Qazaqstannyng Reseymen kórshiles audandarda alghashqy orys eldi mekenderi payda bolyp, oghan oryssha ataular qoyylyp, qazaq toponimiyasynda orys- tildi toponimder payda bola bastady. XVIII ghasyrdyng basynan Resey imperiyasynyng aziyalyq eldermen baylanysty jaqsarta týsu maqsatynda qazaq jerine ishkeriley engen «jana liniyalary» ómirge keldi. Búl liniyalar әskery bekinister ornatu arqyly jýzege asyrylyp, bekinisterdi ózara baylanystyratyn aralyq forpostar túrghyzyldy. Liniyalar boyynda Reseyden qonys audarghandardyng eldi mekenderi ornalasty. Al Shyghys Qazaqstan tarihyna kóz jýgirter bolsaq, «Ertis kazaktary liniyasynyn» qazaq shyghysyndaghy alghashqy orys eldi mekenderining ómirge keluine sebep bolghanyn bayqaymyz. Ertis boyyna birtindep qamaldar salyna bastady. 1716 jyly – Omby, 1717 jyly – Yamyshevsk, 1718 jyly – Semey, 1720 jyly – Óskemen qamaldary túrghyzylyp, búl qamaldardyng aralaryna 1720 jyly 7 aralyq forpost salyndy. Osy Ertis boyyndaghy liniyalardyng qanat jangymen birge, Altayda ken óndirile bastady da, Reseyding týkpir-týkpirinen jana jerlerge qonystanushylar kele bastady. Qazaqstannyng shyghys ónirine Sibir kazaktary keldi. Búlardyng esebinen Patshaly Reseyge HIH ghasyrda qosylghan territoriyadaghy Zaysan, Altay stanisalary men Órel, Kendirlik, Chistyy Yar, Baty poselkeleri qonystandyryldy. 1760 jylghy Sibirdegi Óskemen qamalynan Búqtyrma ózeni boyymen Teleskoe kóline deyingi jerlerge Uba, Ýlbi, Berezovka, Glubokoe, t.b. ózen boylaryna orystardy qonystandyru turaly senat jarlyghyna baylanysty sibir sharualary kelip mekendey bastady. Arhangelisk guberniyasynyn, Ustujsk jәne Vyatsk provinsiyalaryndaghy memlekettik sharualargha da rúqsat berildi.
1760 jyldyng tamyz aiyndaghy jәne 1765 jylghy jarlyqtar boyynsha pomeshikterge basybayly sharualaryn aiypty isteri ýshin (prederzostnye postupki) Sibirge qonystanugha jәne katorgagha jiberuge rúqsat berdi. Osy jarlyq boyynsha kelgender negizinen Óskemen qamaly qaramaghynda (vedomstvosynda) ornalasty. 1762 jyly Ekaterina II maniyfesining negizinde senat diny qudalaudan Polishagha qashqandardy shaqyrghan jarlyq shyghardy. Osyghan oray Kendi Altayda «polyaktar» eldi mekenderi payda boldy. Mysaly, Staroleyskoe, Losiha, Sekisovka, Shemonaiha, Ekaterinka, Bobrovka, Malaya Uba, Bystruha, Cheremshanka, t.t. Joqshylyq pen qanaugha úshyraghan Altaydy qonystanushylardyng birazy «Aqsu» atty jer júmaghy bar dep estip, Búqtyrma arqyly Altay taularyna terendep enip ornalasa bastady. Altay taularyna terendep enu – tasqa qaray ketu dep týsingendikten, búl qashqyndar «Altayskie kamenshiki» degen atqa ie boldy da, Resey imperiyasynda «russkie yasachnye inorodsy» dep atalatyn jana kategoriyaly adamdar dýniyege keldi. Osy adamdar qonystanghan Berel, Bychkovo, Sennaya, Korobiha, Pechi, Beloe, Fykalka, Osochiha, Malaya Krasnoyarka derevnyalary payda boldy.
XX ghasyrda Reseyden qonys audarushylar oryn tepken kóptegen eldi mekender ómirge keldi: Samarskoe – 1907, Veselovka – 1910, Dobrolubovka – 1910, Moskovskoe (Qúlújún) – 1915, Panteleymonovka – 1902, Mirolubovka – 1908, Slavyanka – 1910, Kamyshenka (Usti-Kurchum) – 1913, Orlovka (Shanaghatty) – 1897, Matveevka – 1910, Levensovskiy (Kókterekbúlaq) – 1913, Dmitriyevskiy (Sarybúlaq) – 1913, Vladimirskoe – 1894, Neprestupnoe – 1908, Tarutinskoe – 1908, Aqqaba – 1910, Nijnee Zimovie men Verhnee Zimovie – 1912, Severnoe – 1909, Krestovskoe (Úranqay) – 1908, Topalevka – 1908, Verhnyaya Elovka men Nijnyaya Elovka – 1908, Kluchevoe – 1908, Krasivoe – 1909, Ananievskoe (Peschanka) – 1909, Voskresenskoe – 1902, Vysokogorskoe – 1909, Sayasu – 1913, Poltavskoe – 1909, Nikoliskoe (Burabay) – 1913, Kluchevskoe – 1913, Krutogorskoe – 1909, Varvarinskoe – 1909, Kutuzovskoe – 1909, Platovskoe – 1909 jәne t.b.
Resey memleketining sayasaty men ekonomikalyq mýddesine say jana jerlerge qonystanu, eldi mekender salu XVIII-XIH ghasyrlarda odan әri damyp qazaq jerin tolyghynan qamtydy. Sonymen birge orys ataularynyng qoyyluy da josparly týrde jýrgizilip otyrdy. Qazaq dalasynda orys ataularynyng payda boluynyng Resey ókimetining sayasy baghytymen úshtasyp jatqandyghyn latyshtyng orys tilinde jaryq kóretin «Rodniyk» jurnalynyng 1993 jylghy №6 sanynda jariyalanghan 1894 jyly Peterborda basylghan on tórt bettik qújat-kitapshadaghy Resey imperiyasynyng barlyq general-gubernatorlaryna arnalghan mindetterinen alynghan myna bir ýzindi dәleldeydi: «… Eldi meken ataularyn mýmkindiginshe oryssha qoy. Eskertu: mýmkindik bolmaghan jaghdayda eldi meken attaryn jergilikti tilden orys tiline audaryp, qaghaz jýzinde (әskery kartagha, geografiyalyq kartagha, ghylymy mәni bar enbekterge, kense jәne ic-qújat qaghazdaryna týskende, t.t.) onyng oryssha balamasynyng ornyghuyn iske asyru qajet» (Derek Á.Mendeke maqalasynan alyndy).
Orys ataularynyng enu uaqytynyng jaqyndyghyna jәne qazaq halqy men orys halqynyng kýni býginge deyin qoyan-qoltyq aralasa túryp jatqandyghyna baylanys­ty maghynalary aiqyn, týsinikti keledi. Shyghys aimaqta jergilikti jer-su ataularyn tolyq jәne jartylay kalikalau nәtiyjesinde jәne qazaqsha ataulardyng orys tili zandylyqtaryna say ózgeriske týsuine baylanysty qalyptasqan ataular kezdesip otyrdy. Mysaly: Maraldy – Maraliha, Teriskey Bókenbay – Severnyy Bokenbay, Kýngey Bókenbay – Yujnyy Bokenbay, Aqmola – Belaya Mogila, Maralenok – «maral», Talovochka – «tal», Chalovka – «shal» sózderinen payda bolghan.
Ólkening elimizding basqa aimaqtarynan ózindik ereksheligi – Qytay elimen úzaq uaqyt kórshilestigine baylanysty qarym-qatynas nәtiyjesinde dýniyege kelgen Shýrshitsu, Shýrshitsay, Kitayka, Qytay-Kóksay, Shýrshitólgen siyaqty ataulardyng kezdesui. Sonday-aq Tarbaghatay audanynda (búrynghy Aqsuat audany) Uan dep atalatyn eldi meken bar. Búl ataudyng ómirge keluine sol aimaqty mekendegen tórelerding birine kórshiles Qytay túrghyndary Uan degen ózderining lauazymyn bergen eken. Sol tórening lauazymy mekenge atau bolypty.
Shyghys Qazaqstan aimaghynyng toponimiyalyq jýiesining negizin qazaq últynyng tanym-týsiniginen tuyndaghan til órnekteri qalyptastyrghan. Toponimiyalyq ataulardaghy últtyq aishyqty teneu, tereng oi, tamasha talgham kimdi bolsa da tanghaldyryp, tamsandyrghanday: syldyray qatar aqqan qos búlaqty – qanjyghagha (Qanjyghabúlaq), tastan qashalyp jasalghanday әdemilikti – sәukelege (Sәukeletas), oralyp aqqan sudy – bilezikke (Bilezik) teneu tek tabighatpen tynystaghan últqa tәn. Ásemdikti jete baghalap, joghary estetikalyq talgham men jýirik qiyal, asqaq sezimdi úshtastyra bilgen halyqtyng ataular jýiesi kónilge qonady.
Shyghys aimaqtyng toponimiyalyq jýiesin ólkening tól iyesi bolyp tabylatyn qazaq elining ataulary men kirme qabatty qúraytyn monghol jәne orys toponimderi qúraghan. Ár memleketting toponimiyalyq jýiesi qazirgi qaynaghan ómirde mýltiksiz qyzmet atqaryp túruy shart. Ótkenin barlap, keshegisi men býginin tarazylay bilgen qogham ghana zaman talabyna ilese almaq. Býgingi ómir talaby – kiyeli jerimizding ejelgi tarihy ataularyn qaytaru desek, búl baghyttaghy júmystar tariyh, әleumettanu, geodeziya, geografiya mamandarymen birlese otyryp, onomastikalyq zandylyqtargha say josparly týrde sauatty jýrgizudi mindetteydi.

Aygýl ÁLIMHAN,
S.Amanjolov atyndaghy Shyghys Qazaqstan memlekettik uniyversiytetining dosenti, filologiya ghylymdarynyng
kandidaty
Óskemen

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