Kesek tuyndynyng keskini
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Jazushylar odaghynda byltyrghy jyl qorytyndysynda «Semser jýzindegi sert» roman-trilogiyasyna «Tәuelsizdik dәuirdegi әdebiyetimizding eleuli tabysy» degen bagha berildi. Endi sol shygharmanyng biyl Abay atyndaghy әdebiyet pen óner salasyndaghy memlekettik syilyqqa úsynyluy әbden oryndy.
Ádilbek Ybyrayymúlynyng búl roman-trilogiyasynyng birinshi tomy – «Arlannyng azuy» dep atalady. Roman atynyng ózi aityp túrghanday, trilogiyanyng tarihy oqighalargha, atys-shabysqa, aitys-tartysqa, qughyn-sýrginge, janqiyarlyq erlik pen opasyz satqyndyqqa toly ekeni aidan anyq. Alayda, romannyng ózegi, keybir keyipkerleri, olardyng ómir joly, osydan ýsh-tórt ghasyr búryn qazaq dalasynda oryn alghan qiyamet-qayym qaqtyghystar oqyrmandardyng bәrine bolmasa da, jasy alpystan asqandaryna tanys ekeni haq. Sebebi, qazaq tarihynyng úzyn yrghasy jarty ghasyr uaqyt búryn Iliyas Esenberlinning «Kóshpendiler» trilogiyasynda jazylghan. Biraq, I. Esenberlinning trilogiyasy jaryqqa shyqqanda (1969-1976jj.) zaman mýldem ózgeshe edi. Zaman ghana emes, qogham da, sayasy jýie de, adamdardyng oi-sanasy da, kerek deseniz, tәlim-tәrbie de basqa bolatyn. Eng auyry – Qazaqstan men qazaq halqynyng moynyna qúldyq hamyty әbden myqtap kiygizilgen tús. Tәueldi elding aqyn-jazushylary belden basyp túrghan tili jat, dini basqa kýshtilerge jaltaqtap, sheberligin shynjyrlap, aitatynyn astarlap, shynghyrghan shyndyqty shegine jetkizip aita da, jaza da almay japa shekkenin kózi ashyq, kókiregi oyau oqyrman sezetin. Osy kedergilerding arasynan sanlau tauyp, «Kóshpendiler» trilogiyasynyng tomdary birinen song biri jaryq kórgende qazaq halqy dýr silkinip, olardy qoldan-qolgha alyp, jasy da, jasamysy da jarysa oqyghanyna ózim kuәmin. Olay «Kóshpendilerdin» jýrekjútqandyqpen jaryq kóruine tikeley D. Qonaevtyng ózi qoldau bildirgenin keyin estip jýrmiz. Tipti, tuyndyny tezirek ayaqtau ýshin I. Esenberlinning qasyna Qabdesh Júmadilev, Qalihan Ysqaqov syndy qabyrghaly qalamgerlerdi qosyp, material jinatyp, redaksiyalyq sharalaryna júmyldyrghan eken.
Al, «Semser jýzindegi sertke» keler bolsaq, zaman da, qogham da, aqyl-oy men sana-sezim de erkindik alghan, býkil bir elding ghasyrlar boyy armandaghan egemendikke qoly jetken kezeninde jazylyp, jaryqqa shyqty. Sondyqtan bolar, Ádilbek Ybyrayymúly, jalpaq tilmen aitqanda, kósile shapqan. Ayanbay ter tógip, kóz mayyn tauysyp, taqyrypty shegine jetkizip asha bilgen. Taqyrypqa arnalghan materialdar jetkilikti bolghany haq. Arhivterdi qúlashyn keng jayyp aqtarghany da bayqalyp túr. Halyq arasyndaghy anyzdardy da óte sheber qoldana bilgen. Keybir kesek dýniyelerdi keyipkerlerining auzyna salyp, solardyng aituymen oqyrmangha oy tastaydy.
Oy saladydan shyghady, «Semser jýzindegi sertke» terenirek ýnilgen jón. Sebebi, astaryn angharmay, jýrdim-bardym oqyghan oqyrman opyq jeydi. Qyzuqandy, shydamsyz, úrda-jyq, tәlimi tayaz, bilimi shamaly adam, oqyghanyn «kónilge toqymay», oqighanyng kezenine jәne mazmúnyna tereng boylamay taqyr jerde dau tudyryp, ózbekke de, qyrghyzgha da, qalmaqqa da orynsyz til tiygizip, onyng sony dau-damaygha ainaluy әbden mýmkin. Ólsheusiz enbekpen kelgen kesek tuyndy eshbir jannyng qolshoqpary bolmaghany abzal. Osydan aulaq túrghyda, oqigha jelisi men dәuir suretterine parasat payymmen qaraghan dúrys.
Búl trilogiyany tarihshy da, múghalim men oqytushy da, әskery adam da, ólketanushy da, jalpy, ziyaly qauymnyng barlyq ókilderining oqyghany jón demekpin.
Oqyrmen retinde kitaptan alghan әserimdi, onyng qúndylyghyna qatysty oiymdy bylay saraladym: býgingi jer sharynda kóringen kelensizdiktin, sergeldendikting tórkini, alpauyt elderding teketiresinin, kýshti memleketting әlsiz elding jerine qol saluynyn, tynysh jatqan el irgesin sebep-saldarsyz, bolmashy bir jeleumen atqylauynyn, qyrghiqabaq irili-kishili soghystardyng legi kesheli beri etek almaghan. Azuy aqsighan jyrtqysh memleketterding Úly dala jәne Ortalyq Aziya elderine kóz tigui, el arasyna iritki salyp, qaqtyghysqa iytermeleu amaldarynyng irgetasy bayaghyda qalanghan eken.
«Arlannyng azuy» romany birinshi bólimining birinshi joly bylay bastalady: «Boztorghay shyrylyn toqtatar mezet – shóp nәlining bozang tartar jazdyng ortasy. Kishkentay súrsha qús uysqa tolar-tolmas úyasymen qabat baytaq jazirany jyryna qosyp terbetetin uaq – dýniyening talmausyraghan bir uyzdy shaghy». Uyzdy shaq, ókinishke oray, tek tabighat ayasynda ghana edi. Ile-shala onshaqty sóilemnen keyin-aq bәri ózgerip shygha keledi. Keng dalany kesip ótip, Ilege qaray jele jortyp, bir qauym el týstikti betke ústap jýrip keledi. Búl «shayqalghan dýniyede shalyq keshken, alban-suannyng agha súltany Tezek tóre (Abylay hannyng shóberesi) edi. Búlar qazaq elining songhy hanynyng basyn astamdyqpen kesip alghan Ormanbet manaptyng shanyraghynda bolatyn, onyng anasyna beriletin asqa ketip barady. Mine, «osy kókeyinen ketpeytin syzdaghan biteu jaragha ainalyp, әlde kek, әlde dәrmensizdik miyn shynyldatady da jýredi».
Ayyr qalpaqty aghayyn qazaq hanynyng basyn alghanymen qoymay Kenesarynyng bauyry, Abylaydyng shóberesin asqa shaqyrady. Al, aiyr qalpaq aghayyn – qyrghyzdardy kýsheytip, dem berip túrghan kim? «Týzemdikterdi әbden tizgindegen Sibir gubernatory manapty da, ózin de (Tezek tóre) alaqanda oinaghan kishkentay altyn tiyindey kóredi».
Alystan at terletip kelgen qonaqtardy kýtip alyp jatyp, Ormanbet manap: «... Aghayyn júrt sózimizdi jerge tastamay bәri sәn-saltanatymen kelip týsti. ...Áne-mine, Ombydan arnayy shyqqan aq patshanyng aghzamy tóbe kórsetip qalmaq» dep, lepirip qaludy da úmytpaydy.
Asqa Tezek tóremen birge Sýiinbay aqyn da keledi.
Assalaumaghaleykým, sәlem berdik,
Mýbәrәk jýzderindi jana kórdik.
Ataqty as-jiyndy qúttyqtaugha,
Bauyrlas qyrghyz eli, saghan keldik! – deydi Sýiinbay.
Osy bir shumaqtyng ishinde tuystyq ta, syilastyq ta bar emes pe? Ádeptilik te joq emes. Osyghan jauap retinde qyrghyz aqyny Qataghannyng aitqanyna zer salynyzshy:
Au, Sýiinbay, toqtot sózindi!,
Oyayyn ba kózindi?
Aqynmyn dep oilaysyn,
Men túrghanda ózindi.
Syrtynnan izdep jýrushi em,
Keltirdi Qúday kezindi!
Qataghandy bayqamay,
Týsting be bәlem qolyma,
Ýrleyin mes qyp terindi!
Mine, aiyr qalpaqty aghayynnyng qonaqjaylylyghynyng dengeyi! Tezek tórening jan-dýniyesi alay-dýley, demi alqymyna tireldi. Ony jazushy bylay jetkizedi: «Tayauda ghana qazaqtyng songhy hanynyng qanyn shashqan әbiletter. Meylinshe qazaqtyng mandayyn jerge tiygizip, odan sayyn ensesin ezip jibermek. Osy basqosudy jyldan búryn mejelep, el-júrtynyng silikpesin shygharugha shaqyrghanday kórindi oghan. Átteng orystyng rayynan tayyndy, әitpese, Kenesarynyng tóniregine qalyng júrtty toptastyryp bergen bolar edi...».
Jazushy osy jerde oiyn kenet ýzip, ilgergi tariyhqa sheginis jasaydy. Mening úqqanym búl amal qalamgerding útymdy tәsili me dep qaldym. Sebebi, qazaq-pen qyrghyzgha qatysty erterekte oryn alghan oqighalardy jiyp-terip, bir jýiege keltirip, negizgi sarynnyng ainalasyna toptastyrady eken. Jalpy, romandy oqyp otyryp, «qazaghym kórmegening joq eken ghoy» degen oigha qalasyn. Jaqyn degennen de japa shekken, tuysqan degennen de teperish kórgen, aghayyn degen de aldap ketken, senimdi serigim degen de satyp ketken... Sonda da alghan betinen qaytpaghan, qaysar halqym. Avtor romanynyng alghashqy sóilemin «Búl enbegimdi qaharman qazaq halqyna arnaymyn» dep bastauynyng ózi sondyqtan ekenin qapysyz angharasyn.
Sózding orayy kelgen song aitpasqa bolmas. Osydan shiyrek ghasyr búryn óz elimizding kóshbasshysy «qazaqta eshqashan memleket bolmaghan» dep «tarihy janalyq ashyp», ony kórshi elding kósemi qaghyp alyp, «u kazahov nikogda ne bylo gosudarstvo» dep kókip edi. Ózgeni qoyynyzshy, ózimizge ne joq! Memleket bolmasa osy ken-baytaq dalany kim qorghap qaldy? Qalmaqtardy kim qyrdy? Jongharlardy kim talqandady? Qyrghyzdardy kim tәubesine keltirdi?
Birinshi bólimning ekinshi tarauynda jongharlaragha qarsy baghyttalghan shayqastar jәne joryqtar suretteledi. Egerde «Aqtaban shúbyryndy, Alqakól súlamagha» dushar bolmaghanda qazaq bayaghyda es jiyp, ensesin týzer edi. Osy sheshushi sәtti jazushy bylay tújyrymdaydy: «Jer ansaghan júrt pen el ansaghan ata-baba sýiegi ólini de, tirini de әbden azapqa saldy. Tirining – ansary, ólining – aruaghy shydatpay, aqyry qazaq dalasynda qaysar ruhtyng ýstem aibyny baysyn jaziragha bayraghyn jelbiretken. Sóitip, bir mezette úly saharada әr tarapty maydan alauy tútanyp, ata jaumen, baba jaumen qidalasqan qoldyng úrysy bastaldy». Jongharlar jalghyz bolghan joq. «Olar orys pen qytaydyng dem beruimen ghana dýbinip qoyghan joq, qoqan, qyrghyz tәrizdi jandayshaptaryna da arqa sýiedi» deydi Kókjal batyr.
Osy shayqastarda qazaqtyng Mýiizdi Ótegen, Shanyshqyly Berdiqoja, Shapyrashty Nauryzbaylar tize qosyp, Almalyq, Ýshqonyr jәne Qordaydyng ainalasyndaghy jerlerdi jau qorshauynan azat etti. Mine qyzyq, bosqan oirattar Alatau asyp, odaqtasy qyrghyzgha qaray oiysty. Al Qankeldi batyr bastaghan jigitter qalmaqty Ileden shyghysqa qaray quyp, Shelek pen Sharyn ózenderining arghy betine aidap shyqqan. Albannyng jas batyry Rayymbek jaly kýjir jongharlardy Kegen men Narynqoldan týp qoparyp, Qúljadan әri asyryp, yghystyryp tastady. Biraq, jau ketkenimen, olarmen auyz jalasqan sybaylasy qyrghyzdar ornynda edi. Qyrghyzdyng bas bii Esenqúl eshtemeden tayynbay: «...Qalmaqtan bosaghan qazaqtyng jerin ózimizge qaratatyn uaqyt jetti. Pәrmenimizdi kórsetip, qazaqtardy Shymkentten әrmen asyryp tastayyq» – dep, keudesin soqty. Búnday jaghdaydy qazaq «jau jaghadan alghanda, bóri etekten jarmasty» dep ataydy.
Áuelgide ýzilip qalghan Sýiinbay men Qataghannyng aitysyna jazushy romannyng ekinshi bóliminde qayta oralady. Negizgi shygharmadaghy sujetting bastauy bolghan úlyjingir astaghy aitysty ýzdik-sozdyq berip otyru amaly Ádilbekting oiynda o basta bolsa kerek. Sebebi, osy eki arada Qataghannyng qisynsyz dәiegi men josyqsyz sózine oray atamzaman aqiyrektegi kóne tarihty, qyrghyz ben qazaqtyng qalay jaqyndasqanyn, qazaqtyng syrtqy jaudy qalay toytarghanyn oqyrmangha shejire etip shertedi. Ári, eldik ýshin tolarsaqtan qan keshken erlikke toly shayqastar men soghystarda bolghan jaghday osyny súrap túrghanday.
Bir jaghy, Qataghan Kekilik, Sengirdegi maydandaghy jenisining jeli buyp, tútastay qazaq júrtyn «namysy joq jaman qazaq» dep kýstanalap jatyr edi. Qataghannyng auzymen qazaqty kemsitudi aiyrqalpaqty bauyrlas qyrghyzdar qasaqana oilastyrghanday. Alystan arnayy at arytyp, asqa kelip otyrghan «birtughanyna» aitatyn basqa sóz tappay qaldy deysiz be? Týirep aludyng jóni osy eken dep, jyrchy ayanghan joq. Atylghan oqtay sóz tek Tezek tórege ghana emes, býkil qazaqqa tiyip jatty.
Ásker tartyp barghanmyn,
Sózimning tapshy jalghanyn,
Qyrghyz bolyp attansam,
Ózimdiki emes pe,
Qoynyndaghy jarlaryn.
Atqa da mingen arlaryn!
Kenesary tórenin,
Basyn kesip alghanmyn,
Nauryzbayday begindi,
Itke sýirep salghanmyn!
Zaty jaman Sýiinbay,
Kәne kegindi alghanyn!
Alam dep keging jýrgende,
Ishinde keter armanyn!
Órshelengen Qataghan toqtar emes, qayta qútyra týskendey.
Qay jaqsyng bar, ey qazaq?
Syrtynnan baghyp túrayyn.
Tynayymdy qaptatyp,
Jerinning aldym shúrayyn.
Batyry joq qazaqsyn,
Qamalgha aidap qyrayyn.
Tezek tóre men onymen birge erip kelgenderding únjyrghasy týsip, auyr sózderding jýgin arqalap shógip bara jatqanday. Sýiinbay bolsa zildey batpan salmaqtyng ózine auysqanyn qatesiz úqty. «Jigin tauyp, kókeyge qonatyn jibek sózding týiinin aghyta alsa» deydi jazushy. Deydi de, birinshi taraudy әdettegidey kenet ýzip, ekinshi taraudy bastap ketedi. Tarau aqyndardyng aitysynyng jalghasynan mýlde alshaq. Saudagerler men sauda-sattyq turaly... Ol da kezdeysoq emes. Onyng syry mynada bolsa kerek.
Orta Aziya men aspan asty elin jalghap jatqan Altyshәri (Qashqariyanyng Túrpan, Aqsu, Qashqar, Janashar, Jarkent, Qotan qalalary) saudagerler men deldaldardyng sýiikti mekenine ainaldy. Múnda Orta Aziya saudagerlerining tartqan kirelerimen qatar qazaq sauda keruenderi de auyq-auyq at basyn tireytin. Qazaqtardyng saudadaghy qolayyna jaghatyn ynghayy, әri biletini – aiyrbas. Malyn aidap әkelip qytay matalaryna, ýndi shayyna, ózge de týrli әshekeylerge almastyrady. Sol uaqtarda Qashqar mediynesinde (qalasynda) ghana bir kýnde 40 myngha deyin mal saudalanghan eken. Qytaylar sauda-sattyqty qazaqty kemsituding amaly retinde qoldanghan. Búl da qazaq ýshin qarusyz maydangha ainaldy. Sauda-sattyqty qazaqqa paydasynan ziyany kóp kәsip retinde kórsetuge tyrysyp baqty. Qasaqana týrli kedergiler men shekteulerdi iske qosyp, aldau men arbaulardy oilastyryp jatty.
Qytaylar qyrghyzdardy óz ishinde «búrattar», al úighyr-tәjik-ózbek shatys sarttardy «shúrattar» dep ataghan. Bәlkim, aiyr qalpaqtylardyng ejelgi qonysy Enesay (Buratiya) jaqtan auyp kelgendikten osylay ataghan shyghar. Jogharyda atalghan Altyshәri aimaghynyng basshysy Lu Ly shekara qolbasshysy Den Syagha qazaq jýrtyn búl ónirge juytpaudy tapsyrdy. Lu Ly qolbasshygha: «Jabayy dalanyng bitpes baylyghyn Ýrimshi darbazasy arqyly úly hanzu elining qajetine meylinshe sarqa júmsauymyz kerek» dep búiryq berdi. Shekarany qorghaudy búrattargha jýktedi. Qyrghyzdardyng kókten súraghanyn qúday jerden berdi. Talastan beri attap basqan keruenning bәrin tonap, talan-tarajgha saldy. «Sóitip, qazaq maly qytaylargha sutegin baghamen kelip, qytaylyq saudagerler úly dala dýniyesining qyzyghyn kóre bastady» dep qorytyndylaydy Á. Ybyrayymúly. Enesay boyynan bosyp, qashyp kelgende, qamqorlyq tanytyp, jerinen jer bólip, pana bolghan qazaqqa qyrghyzdar «bauyrmaldyqtyn» osynday týrin kórsetti.
Búl tarauda jazushy sauda-sattyqqa aralasyp, mal aidaumen shúghyldanatyn, jesir әielding jalghyz balasy bozbala Bәiteli, onyng qalyndyghy Aysheker jәne jengesi Mayra arqyly qyrghyzdardyng ozbyrlyghyn, zorlyq-zombylyghyn shynayy sipattay bilgen. Atalghan keyipkerlerding basynan keshpegenderi joq.
Bәiteli mal aidauamen Qashqar jaqta jýrgende onyng auylyna qyrghyzdar shabuyl jasap, beymaral otyrghan auyldyng astan-kestenin shygharady. Osy oqighany qalamger bylay suretteydi: «Qonyrat ruynyng ishindegi qazymәmek atalatyn momyn aghayyndy auyldar tútqiyldan lap qoyghan qynyr kóz qara qyrghyzdyng nayzasyna shanshylyp, tabanyna janshyldy. Qynaday qyryldy. Bәlendey qarsylyqqa úshyramaghan dýbingen búrattar er azamattardyng bәrin ayausyz óltirdi. Tek sәbiyler men tómenetektilerdi ghana tiri qaldyrdy. Auyldyng shanyraghyn ortasyna týsirip, әbden tonap, qazanyn tónkerdi. Áyel, qyz ataulyny shashynan matap baylap, tizip, oljalap әketti. Qalqynqy boyy arbanyng kýpshegine jetpeytin qalt-qúlt etken balalardyng barlyghy jaudyng qoltyghynda, aghash erding aldynda ketti.
Jau shapqan el basyn qosyp qayrat qylghansha, andaghaylaghan aiyrqalpaqty Alataudyng qúz-shatqalyna enip, izim-ghayyp joghalghan».
Búghan sәl keyinirek taghy da oralamyz.
Qyrghyzdardy tәubesine keltiretin kýn de tudy. Arqadan han bastaghan qol qyrghyz júrtyn shauyp, aiyptylardy jazalady. Abylaydyng aibynynan tayynghan sarybaghash ruynyng manaby Mәmbetqúl iygi jaqsylaryn ertip, han shatyryna aiyp-anjysymen týsti. «Qyrghyzdyng qyzbalyghy men lap eter minezi úyatqa qaldyryp keledi, – dedi manap, – Enshimiz bólinbegen elmiz, amal qansha, aramyzgha aramzalar týsip, osylay ekiday ghylyp qoydy. Ónbes daudy, óspes úrpaqqa әdeyi tamyzyqqa úsynady. Ayyp – bizden, el arasyn bitimge alyp keleyik».
Bitimdik izdegen jón sózge han da iyligip:
«Tatulyq – berekening bastauy. Yntymaqty jarastyrghan berekege múryndyq óziniz bolsanyz, men sonau Arqadan búl jaqqa kelip nem bar? Qyrghyzdyng qiyanaty búdan bylay dogharylatyn bolsyn» dedi.
Soghyspen bastalghan qatynas qonaqasymen ayaqtaldy. Qyrghyz elining iygileri qazaq júrtyna adaldyghyn aityp, aq ýili amanat berdi. Oghan qosa kóshpendilerding búrynghy-songhy jolymen Mәmbetqúl qyzyn Abylay hangha qosty. «Sudyng aldyn shym bógeydi, daudyng aldyn qyz bógeydi» degen payymgha toqtaghandyghy. Qyrghyzdan kelgen Tәtish hanym ýzilgendi jalghaghan, el arasyn býtindegen arqaugha ainaldy. Alayda, búl tatulyq pen tynyshtyqtyng qanshagha sozylatynyn eshkim bilmegen edi.
Shynymen de, beybit ómir kópke barmady. Kókshedegi Abylay ordasyna taghy da qaraly habar keldi. 1764-shi jyly qyrghyzdar ishkeridegi nayman auyldaryna at qoydy. Taghy da siyryn baylaghan, qazany qaynaghan qapersiz júrt úlarday shulap qala berdi. 1765-shi jyly mausym aiynda Jetisugha qaray Arqadan qazaqtyng qalyng qoly joryqqa attandy. Atqa Abylay da qonady. Búl joryq romanda egjey-tegjeyli bayandalghan. Qazaqtyng has batyry Qabanbay men qyrghyz Amanәli batyr arasyndaghy jekpe-jegi tolyq aitylghan.
Romannyng ýshinshi bólimi «Qataghannyng ekpininen jasqanghan Tezek tóre Sýiinbaygha jaltaq-jaltaq qarady. Búl uaqta syrttaghy júrt irgeni týrip tastap, keregege jabysyp ap, tamashagha meldektep otyr edi» dep jalghasady. Shynymen de qyzyq endi bastalghan edi. Sebebi, Sýiinbay auanyn tauyp, kómeyden tógilgen óleng arynyn tejemey Qataghandy qyspaqqa ala bóksergen:
Qyzyp túrghan temirge,
Ózi kelip qaryldy!
Narkeskenge jolyqtyn,
Shashamyn suday qanyndy.
Bolattan qúrysh qylyshpyn,
Altynnan soqqan sabymdy!
Qabaghyn shytsa Sýiinbay,
Tartu qylyp tartarsyn,
Qoynyndaghy jaryndy.
Barghan sayyn Sýiinbaydyng tynysy ashylyp, baby men baghy qatar kelgen jýiriktey kósile shabady. Qazaq rularyn, olardyng batyrlaryn jyryna qosyp, kórgen kózdin, estigen qúlaqtyng qúryshyn qandyrady:
Batyrlary jasanyp,
Attary ketpes kermeden.
Qazaq degen batyr el,
Eshkimge namys bermegen – dep, janynan aryn biyik qoyghan el ekenin aiparaday әlemge jayady.
Tarauda Oraq batyrdyn, on bes jasynan qol bastaghyn Rayymbek batyrdyn, әigili «Anyraqay», «Búlanty», «Shynghystau», «Shaghan», «Shorgha», «Qytay sibe» soghystaryna qatysqan, on bes-on alty jasynan bastap kók sýngi men qayqy almasty janyna serik etken kókjal Baraqtyn, shanyshqyly Berdiqoja esimderi atalady. Osy tarauda asa mәn berilgen bir keyipkerdi aitpay ketuge bolmaydy. Ol – Ábilqayyr. Romannan ýzindi keltire keteyin. «Qazaqqa «Aqtaban shúbyryndy, Alqakól súlamany» alyp kelgen jongharlargha qarsy ýsh jýzding basy 1728-shy jyly ghana qúraldy. Atyrau men Altaydan, teriskey men Arqadan, Betpaq pen týstikten týidek-týidek attanghan nópir Balqash pen Shu boyynda toghysyp, jer qayysqan qolgha ainaldy. Sayypqyran sarbazdar qazaq tarihynda bolmaghan soghysqa qamdandy.
...Qazaqtyng el bastaghan han, biyleri men qol bastaghan batyrlarynyng bәri osynda. Tek alaman asyr oqighadan syrttap jýrgen Ábilhayyr ghana bolatyn. Anyraqay shayqasyna dayyndyq qyzu órbigen tústa úly jýz hany aghasy Jolbarys ta, Tóle by de Ábilhayyrdyng aldaghy úrysqa qatysuyn súraghan. Óitkeni, Hantauy manyndaghy shoghyrlanghan qalmaqtyng sany kýn sayyn kóbeyip, qara qúrymgha ainalyp kele jatqany bylay da belgili-tin. Áytkenmen, Ábilqayyr tomagha-túiyq qap, beytaraptyq tanytyp, jauap qatpady. Alayda ony shaqyrghangha deyin búl soghysqa bas qolbasy Bógenbay bolatynyn Jolbarys han, Tóle by jәne Qazybek by ýsheui sheship, bәtuany bekitip qoyghan. Osy úigharym sybys bop Ábilqayyrdyng qúlaghyna jetse kerek.
...Sondyqtan keshe ghana ýsh jýzding әskerine bas qolbasy bolghan Ábilqayyr endi Bógenbaydyng qolastynda soghysqysy kelmeytini ayan.
1726-shy jyly Ordabasyda handar men biylerding birikken jiyny Ábilqayyrdy ýsh jýzding qosynyna bas qolbasshy etip bekitti de, qazaqtyng úly hany etip saylamady». Jazushy onyn «jeke qara basyn jerde joq jangha balaytyn minezi baryn» eskerte ketedi. Týptep kelgende Qabanbay men Bógenbay arqadaghy jaumen arpalysyp jatqanda, Ábilqayyr ontýstik ónirde túraqtap, eldi azat etu soghysyna aralaspady. Úly han Bolat dýniyeden ótken song yqpaldy iygi-jaqsylar onyng balasy jas Ábilmәmbetti qoldap, aq kiyizge kóterdi. Búghan ashulanghan kishi jýz hany (Ábilqayyr) qazaq әskerin jau qolyna tastap, eline qaray Sarysu arqyly suyt attandy. Ketkende de jay ketpey, jolyndaghy birneshe auyldy úlarday shulatyp shauyp, tonay ketti. «Búl isi Ábilqayyrdyng menmendik ýstemdigi men pendelik peyilining tym basym ekenin tariyhqa әigilegen qaraket boldy» – dep qorytyndylanady.
Áriyne, sol soghys jyldaryndaghy shayqastyng barlyghyna toqtap ótu mýmkin emes. Qazaq batyrlarynyng erligi úshan-teniz. Olardyng maydan dalasyndaghy amal-aylalary men әdisterin býgingi beybit ómirdegi qaruly kýshterding oqu-jattyghularynda zerdelep oqytsa, ofiyserler men jauyngerlerge qanat bitirer edi. Sol zamannyng batyrlarynyng qany tamghan qasiyetti topyraqtaghy eldi-mekenderding aty atalghanda, keudendi maqtanysh kerneydi. «Áriyne, jalghyz Baraq qana emes, qarakerey elining Boranbay, Keshu, Botaghara, Espembet, Aqtamberdi, Shynqoja siyaqty batyrlary da keremettey erlik kórsetip, qúba qalmaq-jongharlardy Ayagóz jazyghy, Alakól jaghalauy, Shynghystay, Tarbaghatay bauraylarynan quyp tastady. Arqadan aqyrtyp jetken qart qanjyghaly Bógenbay alymdy jigitterding shalymdy qimylynan otaghan shóptey qiraghan qalmaqtyng aujalyn kórip, Aqshәuliden keri qaytyp edi» degen joldardy oqyghanda kóz aldyna sol shayqastarda atoylaghan sarbazdardyng dauystary, sartyldaghan qylysh-nayzalardyng dybysy kelgendey bolady.
Shynqojanyng erligine qatysty oqigha kitapta bylay bayandalady, qysqasha ýzindi keltireyin. «Ontaylanyp, jigerine mingen batyr qynabynan almas qylyshyn suyrdy da sol alaqanyn jerge tarbita tastady. Salaly sausaqtaryna qarap bir mólsherlep aldy da , kózin júmghan qalpy barmaghyn týbinen shauyp týsirdi. Barmaqtyng ornynan qan siydektey jóneldi. Ong qolymen olaq barmaqtyng ýstin basyp, tórt sausaghyn tastýiin júmyp, nygharlap qoydy. Sosyn enkeyip baryp, shabylghan basbarmaghyn sau qolymen qarmay jauyp, uysynda syghymday ústady.
– IYә, jigitter, jaumen alystyq. Ýide tuyp, týzde ólgen jigitting armany joq. Sender bógelmender, men endi úzamaymyn. Tughan jerge jetpeytinim eki bastan, elge aparyp myna barmaghymdy jerlender. Senderge amanat! Attanyndar, aman-esen elge jetinder!
Shauyp týsken sol qolynyng barmaghy kópke úsynghan ong qolynyng alaqanynda jatty».
Romannyng tórtinshi jәne besinshi bólimderi de aitys barysynda tógilgen Sýiinbaydyng jyrymen ashylady. Tórtinshi bólimde Sýiinbay:
Eshkisindey kedeydin,
Azghantay ghana qyrghyzsyn!
Aldyma salyp quamyn,
Aldymnan jútyp Qataghan,
Artymnan qayta «tuamyn» dese,
5-shi bólimde:
Shygharma Qataghan ýnindi,
Esine saqta býgingi,
Jardaghy ósken japalaq,
Qanatyng synghan kýnindi – deydi.
Romandaghy bes bólim de Sýiinbay men Qataghannyng aitysymen bastalady. Alayda, romandaghy aitar oilar men oqighalar aitystyng astarynda jatyr. Eki aqyn birin-biri sózbenen ayamay tilgilese, eki aqynnyng eli birin-biri maydan dalasynda da qandaryn suday aghyzghan. Abylay handy ulandyryp, birining batyryn biri shauyp tastaghan.
Sayyp kelgende osynday oirangha syrt jaqtaghy, әzәzil, aramza maqsatty qos qaptaldaghy memleket iytermeleydi. Qazaq eli men aiyrqalpaqty qyrghyz halqynyn, qazaqtar men ala shapandy ózbekterding arasyna ot tastap, onyng shoghyn ýrlep, beyqam ómir sýre alatyn tuysqan elderdi jaulastyryp otyrghan. Mening oiymsha, Ádilbek Ybyrayymúy osyny aitpaq oqyrmandargha. Múnyng dәleli retinde romannyng besinshi bólimindegi qalamgerding myna tújyrymyn mysal retinde keltire keteyin. «Úly dalanyng batysynan tartyp, soltýstigin tútas qamty shyghysyna deyin beldeu jasay bekinister salyp bitken orys ozbyrlarynyng kókiregine han Abylaydyng ontýstiktegi yqpaly shanshuday qadaldy. Orta Aziyagha barar jolda ózderine negizgi qarsylastyng qazaq eli ekenin әuelden bilgen. Áste-әstemen qazaqtyng dinkesin qúrtyp, biyliktegilerining auzyn alyp, jayylyp jatqan úlan baytaq jazirasyn jaylap jambasqa basa berudi ontayly sanady. Ary-bergi jaghdaydy salmaqtay qaraghanda, ózderine alystan jәrdemin tiygizse, qara qyrghyzdar tiygizetindey. Óitkeni olar qazaqtarmen shiyrek ghasyrdyng aumaghynda údayy janjaldasyp keledi. Osy janjaldyng ýdey týskeni qajet. Alayda, Abylay han oghan kýshimen de, aibynymen de jii tosqauyl qoyyp baghuda». Aziyanyng arlany jalyn kýjireytip, aqsighan azu tisin kórsetse, yqpaytyn eshkim joq. Han ghana emes iyen týzge iyelik etken qazaq halqy da kiyeli kókshulan tәrizdi qaysar, kónbeytin, yqpaytyn birmoyyn edi. Romannyng «Arlannyng azuy» atanuy da osy últtyq harakter men harizmge baylanysty bolghany anyq.
Romanda Ádilbek Ybyrayymúly Abylaydyng jasóspirim jәne at jalyn ústap, er jetken shaghyn orayyn kelistire surettegen. Mysaly, oghan qamqorshy bolyp jýrgen Oraz Abylaygha «Mine, mynau – әkeng Kórkem Uәliyding almas qylyshy» – deydi. «Sabalaq altyn baldaqty qylyshty qolyna aldy. Áp-sәtte әke-sheshesining bauyryndaghy shuaqty kýnder, tughandarynyng didary kóz aldyna elestedi. Qylyshty qynynan suyryp ap, ainaldyra qarady. Sosyn baldaghynan qos qoldap ústap, mandayy men ernine qaptalyn tiygizdi.
– Qas jaularymnyng qanyn susa shashyp, dúshpandarymdy tizege salmasam, әkemnen qalghan qylysh, saghan sert! – Ábilmәnsýrding ýni bayau, biraq qaharly estildi. – Sosyn almastyng jýzinen sýidi».
Orystar aqyry han Abylaydyng týbine jetti. Ombyda әzirlengen udy ózgening qolymen bergizip, tegeurindi qarsylastaryn óltirgizdi. Han Arys ózenining boyynda, Arystan babtyng túsynda qaytys bolady.
Romanda Tóle by jóninde de az aitylmaydy. Ol Abylaydyng bala kýninde oghan «Sabalaq» dep at qoyyp, tәrbiyelegen adam. Danagóiding dýniyeden óter aldyndaghy sózin keltire keteyin. Jazushy ony bylay jazady: «Mynau Tashkent – Salar búlaghynyng boyyndaghy qazaqtyng qystauy edi. Aqyry kelip atysqan kóz ben shytysqan qabaqtyng pighylyn búzyp, әrkimning әlimjettiligine qaray iyeligine kóshti. Qasiyetti ata-baba mekeni jattyng qolynda ketpeui tiyis. Shәrige býgin talasyp jýrgender, erteng de talasady. Meni osyndaghy Shayhantәuir әuliyening janyna jerlender. Qabirim – Tashkent qazaq jerining tóri ekenin býgingi júrtqa da, keleshek úrpaqqa da bildirip jatsyn».
Tóle biyding kózi tirisindegi ósiyeti boyynsha halyq ony kóp jyl biylik qúrghan Tashkent shaharyndaghy Shayhantәuir әulie men әigili Babyrdyng naghashy atasy Jýnis hannyng janyna aparyp jerledi.
Jogharyda Bәiteli degen bozbalanyng Altyshәri eline mal aidap barghany jóninde sóz qozghap edik. Ol Qashqariya jaqta jýrgeninde auylyn qyrghyzdar shapqynshylyqqa úshyratady. Kónili qúlaghan boyjetken Aysheker men bozbalanyng jengesi Mayra tútqyndalyp, atqa óngergen qalpy on jeti qyz-kelinshekting arasynda shapqynshylar ekeuin de alyp ketedi. Eline kelgen song aiyrqalpaqtardyng bas bii Esenqúl Ayshekerdi kýshpen nekege otyrghyzyp, әiel etip alady. Al, Mayrany Esenqúl ózining eng senimdi astyrtyn tapsyrmalaryn oryndaytyn jylqyshysy – Doldangha «qazaqtyng bir súlu kelinshegin saghan arnayy әkeldim, alyp ket» dep «tartu» etedi. Aysheker bir úl tabady. Alayda, biraz uaqyt ótken song Esenqúl Ayshekerdi balasynan ajyratyp alyp, jas toqalyn eki jýz elu lyan qytay aqshasyna tәjik sarttaryna jylatyp-eniretip satyp jiberedi. «Dәl osynday jauyzdyq pen qarajýrektikke úshyraymyn» dep esh qaperlemep em, qara qúzghyn, Esenqúl! Sazayyndy qúday bersin, qúdaydan jetsin saghan! Kýlli azam men nazamdy, qasiret pen qayghymdy qúdaygha saldym!» – dep zar iyleydi Aysheker. Osynday sәtte syryqtay boyy sorayyp Esenqúl qolynda bir buma aqshasy bar, jymiya kýlip qarap túrady. Mine zorlyq pen ozbyrlyqtyng adam aitqysyz qatygez týri!
Romannyng songhy, altynshy bóliminde kitaptyng basynan sonyna deyin taqyrypqa arqau bolyp kele jatqan aqyndar aitysyndaghy Sýiinbaydyng jenisi men onyng alghan bәigesi sóz bolady. Jenimpaz Sýiinbaydyng nesibesine bәige ornyna «Ystyqkólding aq kóbiginen jaralghan asqan súlu – Meyiz atty qyz» dep jariyalady toy iyesining úigharymyn estirtip qara Bәitik.
«Júrt shulap qoya berdi.
– Aqynnyng bәigesine qyz baylaghan Ormanbet manap jasasyn!».
Toy qyzyghyna qaramay, Sýiinbay serikterin jәne Meyizdi ertip, jedel týrde jolgha shyghady. Jolda kele jatyp Meyizden syr tartyp, Sýiinbay ózin qolpashtap shygharyp kele jatqan qyrghyz jigitterining arasynda Meyizding sóz baylasqan adamy bary ekeni belgili bolady. «Sýiinbay tizginen tejep, qasyndaghy eki dosy Andas pen Daniyargha:
– Sender Meyiz qyzdy qaytadan auylyna jetkizip salyp, eline tabystandar. Bәigege altyn, kýmis, ýiir-ýiir jylqy tigilui mýmkin, biraq qyrghyz aghayyndar bir auyz sózimizge bola alaqangha salyp әlpeshtegen ýkisin bizge ilestirip jiberdi. Búl – qiyamettik kónilding kuәsi. Biz de bireuding keleshegine kese kóldeneng túrmayyq, jol boyy andap kelemiz, ziyaly jan eken, baghy jansyn» – dedi.
– Shәrbatymdy kórmey jatyp jeringeniniz qalay, agha?
– Ystyqkólding aq kóbiginen jaralghan arudan qalay jerineyik? – aqynnyng ayaly kózinen jylu tógile boyjetkenge qarap, jymiya kýldi. –«E-e, bәigeme tiyip, oljaday qanjyghagha baylanghan búiym ghoy» degen pighylmen ojarlyqqa barghym joq, qalqam...».
Qyrghyzdyng bas bii Esenqúldyng qazaq qyz-kelinshekterine jasaghan ittigi jayynda jazdyq. Qazaq aqyny Sýiinbaydyng adaldyghy men tazalyghyna qalay bas iymeysin! Onyng osy mәrttigine aqkónil de, qaysar da qazaq halqynyng dalasynday keng tabighaty syiyp týrghanday emes pe!
Jogharyda oiymdy qorytyndylay kele ýsh-tórt pikir qosa keteyin. Kesek tuyndynyng keskini bólek, Tәuelsizdik jyldarynda múnday dýnie tól әdebiyetimizde búghan deyin jazylmaghan. Eng birinshi, avtor tapqyrlyghynyng arqasynda ýsh-tórt ghasyrlyq kezeng eki-ýsh kýndik mezetke syiyp ketkeni sýiindirdi. Kitap asqa attanumen bastalyp, astan elge bet alumen ayaqtalady. Osy aralyqta Qazaq handyghy men qazaq halqynyng kýrdeli taghdyry suretteledi.
Romanda býgingi oqyrman qauymgha beytanys qazaqtyng kóne sózderi kóptep úshyrasady. Olardyng basym kópshiligi qazaqtyng ejelgi sóz qorynda jii qoldanysta bolghan shyghar, býginde úmytylghan nemese úmytyla bastaghan. Ádilbek Ybyrayymúly bay til qoryn romanyna engizgende, aldyna oqyrman bilsin, izdensin, týsinsin degen aiqyn maqsat qoyghan. Sózimizge dәlel boluy ýshin, olardyng birazyn mysalgha keltire keteyik: «dәrgey», «selbesu», «darugha», «quzap», «shәri» (qala), «qyjalattyq», «bәdekshi», «qamsaulyq», «aujal», «әbilet», «dәiekshi», «baqauyl», «qúmbyl», «meldektegen», «bәkene», «joydasyz», «jәreuke», «shikirә», «tetkip», «dýbintken», «tirmizik», «zәudeghalam», «bosteki», «kepiyet», «madiyqsyp», «qiyampúrys», «kókshulan» (ang týri), «malagham», «boqtashaq», «mústaq», «anyljytqan» jәne taghy basqalary.
Romanda «Dәuirin teris saldy» (Dýniyeden ózdy nemese qaytys boldy) degen tirkes jii qoldanylady. Men óz basym atalghan sóz oramyn tek osy romannan kezdestirdim. Qúlaqqa tosyndau tiygenmen kónilge qonymdy.
Ádilbek Ybyrayymúly tabighatty, adamdardy, sarbazdardy surettegende teneulerdi sheber qoldanghan. Mysaly, «Kókke shanshylghan nayzalarynan kýnning kózi kólegeylengen jer qayysqan qol», «Bitting erkek úrghashysyn ajyratatyn», «Kepter tós», «Qysyr jylanday», «Pyshaq ainalmas tar ózen arnasy», «Bie simas tar shatqal», «Qúzghyn oily sarqylshyqtylar», «Dýregey itting qúiryghynday qayqayghan», «Saqaly erding qasyn qapqan», «Úzyn kirpikterin tómen tónkerdi», «Tónkergen kesedey qos anary, qyzyl kamzoldyng omyrauyn syrtqa tepken», «Tasqa shapsa da qaq aiyrar» degen siyaqty tirkester oqyrmannyng nazarynan tys qalmasy anyq.
Negizinen romannyng birinshi kitaby Kenesarygha deyingi halqymyz jýrip ótken silemderge sholu jasay otyryp, oqyrmandy kelesi kezenderde oryn alatyn tarihy oqighalargha, solardy saralaugha, zerdeleuge dayyndaghan. Bú tústa teriskeyden qaptaghan rusyzdar elining basqynshylyq pighyldaghy әskerining qúmyrsqanyng iyleuindey bekinisteri jiyiley boy kóterip kele jatyr edi. Romannyng epilogynda «Qazaq últynyng derbes el bolghanyn qalaymyn» dep, Abylay hannyng auzymen aitylghanynday, endigi kitaptarda qazaq halqynyng aldaghy ghasyrlardaghy kýshi basym zymiyan memleketterding qyspaghynda bolsa da, azattyq ýshin kýresining «tar jolyndaghy tayghaq keshui» bayandalatyny haq.
Álihan Omarbekov,
otstavkidegi polisiya polkovniygi
Semey qalasy
Abai.kz