Qytaygha qarasty Ile qazaq avtonomiyaly oblysyndaghy, Ýisin tauynyng Toghyztarau audanynyng jerinde «Qabanbay shoqysy» dep atalatyn biyik shyng bar. Jergilikti halyq býginge deyin Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng qúrmetine qoyylghan dep týsinedi. IYә, Qabanbay batyr Orta jýzding Nayman elining Qarakerey ruynan. Ol kezinde Qarakereydin, býkil Naymannyng úranyna ainalghan adam. Qazaq-jonghar soghysy kezinde qazaqtyng qas batyry, qazaq jasaqtarynyng bas qolbasshylarynyng biri bolghan. Qabanbay batyr Abylay hannyng eng senimdi serigi sanaldy. 1758 jyly Abylaydyng Ýsh jýzding ýstinde jylqy aidaghan sauda keruenin bastap Ýrimjige barghany turaly tarihy derek bar.

Miftik anyz ben tarihy shyndyqtyng ara jigin ajyratatyn uaqyt keldi

Qabanbay shoqysy turaly sóz qozghaudan búryn, Qabanbay shoqysy túrghan Qytaydyng Ile aimaghynyng jer bederine, sol kezdegi tarihyna az-kem toqtala ketkendi jón kórdik. Ile aimaghy Shynjannyng batysynda, Ile qazaq avtonomiyaly oblysynyng batys ontýstigine ornalasqan. Onyng ontýstigi Aqsu aimaghynyng Bay, Onsu (Únsu) audandarymen, shyghys ontýstigi Bayyngholyn Monghol avtonomiyaly oblysynyng Qarashar (Hyjiyn) audanymen, shyghys soltýstigi Tarbaghatay aimaghynyng Shihu qalasymen, batysy Qazaqstanmen shektesip jatady. Ile Ching (Sini) patshalyghy dәuirinde jәne odan búryn qazirgi Tarbaghatay aimaghyn, Búratala monghol avtonomiyaly oblysyn jәne Balqash kólining shyghys ónirlerin de qamtityn.

Shekara úzyndyghy 432 shaqyrym, Onda Qúlja, Qorghas, Nylqy, Kýnes, Toghyztarau, Tekes, Múnghúlkýre audandary, Shapshal sibe avtonomiyaly audany, Qúlja qalasy – osy 8 audan, bir qala sonday-aq, Shynjang óndiris biyntuany auyl sharuashylyq 4-diyveziyasynyng 21 polgi bar.

Ile – ejelden-aq Jibek jolynyng manyzdy ótkeli. Geografiyalyq orny aiyryqsha manyzdy. Qytaydyng Han patshalyghy dәuirinen bergi jazba shejirilerde ol jóninde aiqyn jazbalar saqtalghan. «Ile» degen atau Ile ózenining atymen atalghany belgili. Qytaydyng tarihy jazba derekterde Ile ózenining kóptegen dybystyq audarmalary bar, mysaly qytaylar Ile ózenin Didihy, Ilihy, Isyhy, Ilichan dep әrtýrli ataghan.

Tiyan-shani tau silemderi ishindegi Borohoro tauy Ilening ontýstigi men soltýstigining shekarasyna ainalghan. Jaryspaly tau silemderining arasynda ýlkendi-kishili jazyqtar men angharlar bar. Ile ózeni anghary – Iledegi nedәuir yrysty ónir, ol Tiyani-shaninyng batysynda, shyghystan ontýstikke qaray sozylyp jatady. Ony ýsh jaghynan taular qorshaghan, búl taulardyng ishinde Borohoro tauynan basqa Kóshkin, Ýisin, Narat siyaqty tau silemderi bar. Múndaghy Ýisin tauy ejelden әigili. Ol qazaqtyng negizgi tegining biri – Ýisin elining atymen atalghan. Ile ózeni anghary ýsh búrysh pishindi bolyp keledi. Onyng shyghysy – Tekes ózeni men Kýnes ózenining toghysqan túsy, batysy Qytay men Qazaqstan shekarasyna qaray kósilip jatady. Jer bederi shyghystan batysqa qaray yldilau keledi. Ontýstik jaghalauy – túnbalyq jazyq. Sondaghy Múnghúlkýre – Tekes oipatynyng shyghysy targhalandau, batysy keng – syna formaly. Búl da – túnbalyq jazyq.

Ilede ózen-dariyalar óte kóp, su baylyghy mol. Ile ózeni – Ile aimaghy, tipti Ile qazaq avtonomiyaly oblysy boyynsha eng ýlken ózen. Onyng aghar alaby 8 audan, bir qalany qamtidy.

Ilening tarihy úzaq, búl ólkede jyl sanauymyzdan búryn jәne keyin Saqtar, IYúzder, Ýisinder, Ghúndar kóshpendi mal sharuashylyghymen shúghyldanghan. Odan keyin atalghan halyqtardyng úrpaghy týrikter orda tigip, tu kótergen. Búdan song Júrjandar, Týrkeshter, Shyghyldar irkes-tirkes búl ónirge ýstemdik jýrgizgen. Qarahan, Shaghatay, Mogholstan memleketterining zamanynda Ile ónirining sәulet-qúrylys óneri damydy. XVI ghasyrda Mogholstan memleketi ydyraghan song Ilege mongholdar qonystanghan. Búryndy-sondy bolyp qazaq, manzu, úighyr, qytay, monghol, sibe, daghúr, dýngen qatarly on neshe últ kóship kelip qonys tepken. Qazir Iledegi últtardyng qúramy artyp 41-ge jetken.

Qazaq Ilede qonystanghan ejelgi halyqtardyng biri. Negizinen erte zamandaghy Saqtar, Ýisinder, Qanlylar, Alandar nemese Alshyn qatarly ru-taypalardyng búryndy-sondy biriguinen qúralghan. Osydan bastap, qazaq degen últ bolyp qalyptasqan.

Ejelgi ómir sýrgen qazaq taypalary tarihy qúngha ie kóptegen eskertkishter men mәdeniyetting belgilerin qaldyrghan. Mysaly, jer-jerge keng taraghan, sany óte kóp Ýisin obalary; ertedegi kóshpendi halyqtardyng túrmys-tirshiligin beyneleytin mol mazmúndy, aluan týrli jartas suretter men tanbalar; ertedegi kóshpendi últtardyng tas oima ónerin beyneleytin sahara tas mýsinderi (balbal tastar), Nylqy audanyndaghy osydan 2 myng 500 jyldyng aldyndaghy Núrasay mys kenining ejelgi júrty; Qorghas audanyndaghy myng jyldan astam  tariyhqa ie Almaly qalasy; Shaghatay úlysynyng songhy hany – Túghylyq Temir hannyng mazary; Qytay memleketining qorghauyndaghy mәdeny múra oryndarynyng biri –  Qorghas audanyndaghy Ching dәuirindegi «Ile qatarly jerlerdi jappay mengeretin general» (Ile general mekemesi dep te atalady) degen sardar sarayy; Ching dәuirinde salynghan ejelgi Kýre qalasy, Kýre qonyrauly ghimaraty; Ching patshalyghy Jonghar býligin tynyshtandyrudaghy manyzdy soghys – «Keden tau soghysynda» enbek kórsetkenderding eskertkishinen jazyp alynghan estelik, Múnghúlkýredegi tiybet dәstýrindegi búdda dini búdhanasy; Shapshal audanyndaghy Jinnanshy búdhanasy bar. Aytpaqshy, múndaghy qazaqtar at qoyyp, aidar taghyp atap kele jatqan  Toghyztaraudaghy Qabanbay shoqysy men Shapshaldaghy Áulie shoqysy bar.

1225 jyly Shynghys han ekinshi úly Shaghataygha Ile anghary qatarly jerlerdi enshige bergen. XVII ghasyrdyng basynda Mongholdyng jonghar taypalary Ile ózenin ózek ete otyryp jerlikti biylik qúrghan. Ching patshalyghynyng Chiyanlúng jyldary Ching ýkimeti úzaq uaqyt býlik tudyryp kelgen Jonghar handyghyn joyyp, 1762 jyly  Ile qatarly jerlerge basqarushy general taghayyndaghan. Ile býkil Shynjannyng sayasi, әskery ortalyghyna ainaldy.

Ilening Kýre qalasynda (Hýiianchyng dep ataydy, qazirgi Qorghas audany ónirine) Ile general mekemesin qúryp, sol arqyly Tiyanishaninyng ontýstigi men soltýstigine әskery әkimshilik jýie arqyly ózining ýstemdigin jýrgizdi. Ile general mekemesi – sol kezde Shynjannyng eng jogharghy әkimshilik basqaru organynyna ainalady. «Ile general mekemesi Ýrimji dutúnyn (gubernatoryn), úighyr aimaqtaryndaghy aqylshy әmbilerdin, Ile aqylshy әmbisin, Tarbaghatay aqylshy әmbisin, әrbir oryndaghy shekara qorghanys әskerleri, auyspaly qorghanys garnizondaryndaghy manjur, sibe, solan (daghúr) shaqar jәne oirat әskerlerin, sonday-aq jasyl jalauly garnizondardaghy әskery isterdi basqarumen birge, syrtqy búratannalargha qatysty isterdi basqarady» [Nәbijan Múqamethanúly. Qytaydaghy qazaqtardyng qoghamdyq tarihy. 129-bet. QAZaqparat baspasy. Almaty. 2000 j.].

Osy arada biraz sheginis jasap, Ching patyshalyghy men Jonghar handyghyn qalay joyghany turaly birli-jarymdy mәlimet aita ketelik.

Ching patshalyghy – qytaydyng shyghys soltýstiginde ómir sýrgen Shýrshýt (Manzu – Manjur últy) aqsýiekteri 1644 jyly qúrghan feodaldyq patshalyq. Ol sodan 1911 jyldyng sonyna deyin býkil Qytaygha biylik jýrgizgen imperiyalyq el.

1945 jyly qazan aiynda Haldan Seren auyryp ólip, onyng ekinshi úly Suan Darjy Namzal Ching patshalyghynyng qoldauymen handyq oryngha múrager bolady, alayda ol әljuazdyq jasaghandyqtan Lama Darja taqqa shyqty, ol da jonghar aqsýiekterining qarsylyghyna úshyraydy. Húity taypasynyng basshysy Ámirsana men Batúr Húntayjynyng besinshi úrpaghy Dauash birlesken odaq qúryp, bir myng 500 әskege basshylyq etip, Tarbaghataydan Ilege kirip, 1752 jyly qarasha aiynda Lama Darjany óltirip, Dauash taqqa shyqty. Ol taghy da  Ámirsanamen soghysyp, Ámirsana jenilgennen keyin Húity taypasyn bastap Ching patshalyghyna týze býkti, sonymen birge Ching ýkimetining aqyl-kenes beruimen, Ileni qayta qolgha ketiruge tyrysty [Jiyang Chúnlúng qúrastyrghan. Ile tarihynan qysqasha oqulyq. 48-bet. Shynjang halyq baspasy. 1999 j. Ýrimji].

1755 jyly aqpan aiynda Ching patshalyghynyng jongharlargha eki baghytpen attandyrghan 200 myng qoly Bakkól jәne Uliastaydan Jonghar oipatyna qaray attanyp, sәuir aiynda Búratalada toghysady. Onan song olar eki baghyttaghy әskerlerdi biriktirip, Dauash túrghan Ilege qaray attanady. Mausym aiynda Dauashty Ilening Múnghúlkýre degen jerinde tiridey qolgha týsirip, Jonghar handyghyn birjolata joyady [Nәbijan Múqamethanúly. Qytaydaghy qazaqtardyng qoghamdyq tarihy. 48-bet. QAZaqparat baspasy. Almaty. 2000 j.].

Chiyanlúng patsha Ilegi júnghardyng tiri qalghan túrghyndaryn «kýshti shoghyrlandyrmay bólip basqaru» baghytyn qoldanyp, tórt tәijining basqaruyna bólip berip, olardy ózi tikeley basqaryp otyrady. Osy kezde Ámirsana Ching patshalyghyghy arqyly ózining han bolamyn degen maqsatynyng iske aspay qalghanyn bir-aq biledi. Osy sәtte Ámirsananyng niyeti búzylyp, әsilinde Chin patshalyghynyng kýshinen paydalanyp ózining oirattyng bas hany etip tanudy, sonday-aq qazaqtargha әmirshi boludy talap etken bolatyn. Biraq ol Ching patshalyghyna qarsy shyghugha jasyryn týrde әrket jasap, әskery kýsh toptay bastaydy.

Ol ózining búl әreketin  Ching patshalyghyna «Búl mening qazaqtardan saqtanu ýshin jasap jatqan sharalarym» dep týsindiredi. Biraq qazaqtardyng olargha shabuyl jasau niyetining joq ekendigin biletin Ching patshalyghy ordasy onyng búl sózine senbeydi. Sonymen 1755 jyly mausym aiynda Ching patshalyghy ózderi qazaqtarmen tikeley baylanys jasau ýshin, Abylay hangha resimy elshi jiberedi. Sonday-aq ol delegasiyasyna: «Sender qazaq shekarasyna barghanda búlap-talap býlik tudyrularyna bolmaydy. Biraq ózderine saq bolularyng kerek. Ol jaqtyng әskerleri senderge shabuyl jasaghan jaghdayda da, sender olargha jón aityp keri qaytaryndar. Eger olar sózge kónbese, onda olardy tútqyndap joysandar bolady» degen prinsip belgilegen. Is jýzinde qazaqtargha barghan Shýn Dyna bastaghan Ching patshalyghynyng elshileri jol ýstinde eshqanday qarsylyq shabuylgha tap bolmaydy. Sonday-aq olar aman-esen Abylay hannyng qabyldauynda bolyp qaytady [Nәbijan Múqamethanúly. Qytaydaghy qazaqtardyng qoghamdyq tarihy. 49-bet. Qazaqparat baspasy. Almaty. 2000 j.].

Búdan Abylay hannyng Ching patshalyghynyng jibergen elshisin jyly qabyldap, olardyng qazaqtargha degen ishki pighylyn bayqaghannan keyin  Ámirsanadan góri, Ching patshalyghymen baylanys jasaudyng qazaqtargha tiyimdi ekenine kózin jetkizgendigin bayqau qiyn emes. Sonymen Abylay han ózining Bólebay bastaghan elshilerin Ching patshalyghynyng elshilerimen birge baryp, olardyng jaghdayyn barlap, bayqap qaytugha jiberedi. Mine, búl qazaqtar men Chin patshalyghynyng arasynda tikeley barys-kelisting sәtti bastalghanyn bildiredi. Abylaydyng Ching ýkimetimen qarym-qatnas ornata bastauynan qauiptengen endigi jerde qazaq arasynan kýsh jinaudan kýder ýzgen Ámirsana 1755 jyly qysta Búratala ónirine kelip, Ile ónirindegi ózin qoldaushylarymen birigedi.

1755 jyly tamyz aiynda Ámirsana Chyndygha baryp patshamen kezdesetin jolynda qashyp, Ilege qaytyp kelip, Bandi, Orúnan bastaghan Ileni basqaratyn Ching әskerining 500 adamyn qyryp tastaydy. Osydan bastap Tiyani-shaninyng ontýstigi men soltýstiginde soghys órti әr jerden kóterilip, qalqa mongholdaryna deyin sharpidy. 1756 jyly aqpan aiynda Ching әskeri ekinshi ret Ilege joryq jasap, bógetterdi búzyp otyryp ishkerilep kiredi. Ámirsana óz kýshining әlsizdigin bayqap, әskerin shep jayghyzu amalyn taghy da qoldanyp, Ching әskerin tejep, qazaq jeri arqyly patshalyq Reseyge qashyp ketedi. 1757 jyly qyrkýiekte Ámirsana sheshek auruynan óledi. Ámirsananyng jat elde ólui Jonghar handyghynyng da ýzildi-kesildi ydyrauyn alyp keldi [Jiyang Chúnlúng qúrastyrghan. Ile tarihynan qysqasha oqulyq. 48-49-bet. Shynjang halyq baspasy. 1999 j. Ýrimji.].

1756 jyly shilde aiynda, Ching patshalyghy qazaq hany Abylaygha jazghan qatynda: «Qazaqtardyng óz shekaralaryn saqtaularyn, shekaradan asyp baryp shabuyl jasaugha bolmaytyndyghyn» eskertedi. 1757 jyly tamyz aiynda, Ching patshalyghy ordasy ózining aldynghy sheptegi generaldaryna: «...Qazaqtargha kýsh kórsetuding qajeti joq. Olar sauda jasaudy aitatyn bolsa, olargha әsery shtabymyzda saudagerler joq, ol ýshin sauda jasaytyn oryn belgilep, uaqytqa kelisip, saudagerlerdi sonda әkelip sauda jasayyq, – dep aityndar. Eger Abylay oirattar jerine enip kelip mal baghudy talap etetin bolsa, onda oghan olardyng shekaradan asyp kelulerine bolmaydy dender» degen núsqau bergen. Ching patshalyghy ózderining jer turaly úsynghan búl prinsiypin Abylay hangha san mәrte qaytalap aitqany mәlim. Biraq Abylayqan oghan kelispedi. Óitkeni, Abylay han kezinde jongharlar basyp alghan, odan Ching patshalyghynyng qarmaghyna ótken Tiyani-shani tauynyng batys soltýstigindegi Ile, Tarbaghatay jәne Altay qazaqtyng atamekeni, ol jerlerge qazaqtar qayta oraluy kerek degen tanymda bolady [Nәbijan Múqamethanúly. Qytaydaghy qazaqtardyng qoghamdyq tarihy. 63-bet. Qazaqparat baspasy. Almaty. 2000 j.].

Jonghar handyghy joyylghannan keyin Ile qatarly jerlerde kóptegen mal jayylymdary qanghyrap bos qalady. Ching ýkimeti qazaqtardyng ol jerlerge kirip mal baghuyna jol beredi. Osy kezde qazaqtar Ching ýkimetimen sayasi, ekonomikalyq qatnastaryn kýn sanap qoilata týsken, sondyqtan qazaq malshylary shyghysqa qaray qonys audara bastaghan.

1766 jyly mamyrda Ching ýkimeti Ile generaly Ming Rúige mynaday búiryq beredi: Ile qatarly jerlerde úlan-baytaq jer bar, adamsany neghúrlym molaysa sonshalyq jaqsy bolady, qazaqtardyng kóshpendi mal baghatyn jeri jetispese, nemese talan-tarajydan qorqatyn bolsa, olardyng kóship kelip mal baghuyna jol beru kerek. Otbasylar kóbeygennen keyin olardy bólip ornalastyru kerek. Ekinshi jyly Ching ýkimeti Abylay hangha qazaq malshylarynyng Ile qatarly jerlerde kóshpeli mal baghuyna bolatyndyghyn úqtyrady. 1767 jyly Abylay hangha qarasty 300 den astam qazaq malshyldary. Tarbaghatay aimaghyna kóship keledi. 1770 jyldan bastap Jemeney, Qobyqsary ónirine kóptegen qazaq rulary kóship kelip mal baqty. 1814 jyly Tarbaghataydyng Barlyq tauynda mal baqqan Úly jýzding bir bólim rulary Ile aimaghyna kóship keledi [Jiyang Chúnlúng qúrastyrghan. Ile tarihynan qysqasha oqulyq. 52-bet. Shynjang halyq baspasy. 1999 j. Ýrimji.].

Biz Ching patshalyghy men jongharlar arasyndaghy soghysty jәne Ching patshalyghy men Abylay hannyng baylanysy, qarym-qatnasy turaly nege aityp otyrmyz, sebebi 1755 jyly Ching әskeri Jonghar handyghyn birjolata joyghannan keyin, qazaq әskerleri Ching patshalyghyna qarasty Ile ónirine onyng aldyn da, odan keyin de baryp soghys jýrgizbegenin anyqtap, naqtylay týsu bolatyn. Qazaqtyng aqyn, jazushylarynyng pantaziyasymen Qabanbay batyrdyng Ile ónirine baryp júngharlarmen, jәne qyrghyzdyng Ateke Jyryq batyrymen soghysqan erligi kórkem obraz arqyly, miftik keyipkerge ainalyp ketkenin joqqa shyghara amaymyz. Ádebiyetke qalay jazsa da jarasady. Biraq tarih shyndyq oghan kelispeydi...

Qabanbay shoqysy qaysy Qabanbaydyng atymen atalghan?

Endigi jerde «Qabanbay shoqysy» atanyp ketken, shoqynyng әsili qay Qabanbaydyng atymen atalghany turaly izdenis jasap kórelik.

Jogharyda aitqanymyzday, Qytaygha qarasty Ile qazaq avtonomiyaly oblysyndaghy, Ýisin tauynyng Toghyztarau audanynyng jerinde «Qabanbay shoqysy» dep atalatyn biyik shyng bar. Jergilikti halyq býginge deyin Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng qúrmetine qoyylghan dep týsinedi. IYә, Qabanbay batyr Orta jýzding Nayman elining Qarakerey ruynan. Ol kezinde Qarakereydin, býkil Naymannyng úranyna ainalghan adam. Qazaq-jonghar soghysy kezinde qazaqtyng qas batyry, qazaq jasaqtarynyng bas qolbasshylarynyng biri bolghan. Qabanbay batyr Abylay hannyng eng senimdi serigi sanaldy. 1758 jyly Abylaydyng Ýsh jýzding ýstinde jylqy aidaghan sauda keruenin bastap Ýrimjige barghany turaly tarihy derek bar.

Qazaqtardyng Ching handyghymen sauda qarym-qatnasy Chiyanlúnnyng 1758 jyly bastalghan. Túnghysh jәrmenke Ýrimjide ótkizilgen «Jongharlardy tynyshtandyru jobasy» jәne «Ching patshalyghy joghary biyleushileri jónindegi derekterde» de bylay jazylady. «Núusannyng aituynsha qazaqtyng Qabanbayy Boqsha hannyng úlyna 300-den asa jylqy berip Ýrimjige saudagha jibergen». Búl qazaqtar men Ching patshasynyng ýkimet jaq sauda qarym-qatnasynyng bastaluy bolghanymen halyqtyng sauda-satyghy erteden-aq bar edi. Ching mәnsaptylary osy jolghy saudasyn sәtti jasap qajetti jylqylaryn kóbeytip aldy...[Cubihay. Eredegi qazaqtardyng sauda-ayyrbasy. Almaty aqshamy gazeti. Á.Áshimúly audarmasy. 3 shilde, 1995 j.].

Qabanbay batyr Tu kóterip, el qorghaghan halyqtyng batyry. Ol ortalyq, ontýstik jәne shyghys-soltýstik ónirlerdi qalmaqtardan tazartuda eseli enbek sinirgen tarihy túlgha. Qabanbay batyr 1692 jyly ómirge kelip, 1769-1770 jyldar aralyghynda qaytys bolghan.

Jetisu men Qazaqstannyng ontýstik ónirlerde bolghan týrli tarihy oqighalardyng auyzsha, bizge anyz bolyp jetken keybir tústarynda shatasular bolghany jasyryn emes. Ondaghy adam atymen qoyylghan jer-su, eldi-meken attary bizding dәuirimizge kelgende jansaqtyqtar tuyndatyp, attas adamdardyng ishindegi yqpaldysynyng atymen qoyylghan degen qate pikirler qalyptasty. Sonyng biri – Qabanbaydyng atymen atalatyn Ilening Toghyztarauyndaghy «Qabanbay shoqysy».

Búl shoqynyng Qabanbay batyrmen qanday qatysy bar? – degen súraqqa kelsek. Qazaqta Qarakerey Qabanbay, Alban Ayt Qabanbay, Arghyn Qabanbay, Qyzay Qabanbay qatarly attas tanymal adamdar ómir sýrgen. Al osy attas Qabanbaylar qaldyrghan izderdi anyqtau ýshin bizge anyzdan góri aqiqat manyzdy. Iledegi «Qabanbay shoqysy» Ayt Qalybek batyrdyng shóberesi Qabanbay Sadyúlynyng atymen qoyylghan. Ol ómirining sonyna deyin Shapshal men Toghyztaru ónirin mekendegen. Sadyúly Qabanbay mólshermen 1770-1850 jyldary aralyghynda jasaghan. Sýiegi Ilege jerlengen. Ol 1830 jyldary Ching patshalyghynan Ýisin tauyn boylay Ilening Toghyztarau, Shapshal ónirinen jayylymdyq jer alyp, biraz auyldy sonda kóshirgen. Shoqan Uәlihanov bir dereginde: Albandar qysta Ýigentastan Qúljagha deyin mal jayady. Mal jayghany ýshin (Ile ónirine) Qytaylargha jylyna 60 at tóleydi dep kórsetedi.

Ayt Qabanbay Ile ónirindegi qazaqtargha bolys bolghan. Ómirining sonyna deyin Ilening Toghyztarau, Tekes, Shapshal ónirinde túrghan, Toghyztaraudaghy qazirgi «Qabanbay shoqysy» dep atalatyn jerde jaylauy bolghan. Qysta Ýisintaudan Tekeske mal asyryp qystatqan. Ýisin taudyng bókterinde ómirden ótken. 1862 jyly Iledegi Ching patshalyghynyng biyligin moyyndap, qol qoyghan adamdardyng tizimdiginde aqalaqshy Qabanbaydynúly dep aty atalady. Ol derekte bylay delingen: 1862 jyly Ayt, Bozym, Aljan, Segizsary rulary atynan Sauryq Týmenbayúly (Týmenbay 1760-1845 j.j. ómir sýrgen. Sh.Uәlihanovtyng derekterinde Albannyng 24 biyining biri ekeni aitylady) bastap 12 adam qol qoyyp, barmaghyn basady. Aralarynda 5 aqalaqshy (bolys) bar. Olardyng hattalghan aty tómendegidey: Nazardynúly Qojaq (Qojeke) aqalaqshy, aqalaqshy Qabanbaydynúly, Jәnibektinúly Janat, aqalaqshy Týstikbaydynúly jәne Symayyl aqalaqshy [Ile tarihy materialdary. 32-san. 141-bet. 2014 jyly, tamyz. Qúlja.].

Olargha aqalaqshylyq mansap Ching patshalyghy jaghynan berilgen. Qatysqan 5 aqalaqshynyng arasynan Nazardynúly Qojaq (Qojeke), Jәnibektinúly Janat, Symayyl qatarly ýsh aqalaqshy óz attarynan qol qoyghan. Al aqalaqshy Qabanbaydynúly, aqalaqshy Týstikbaydynúly qatarly eki aqalaqshy óz attarynan emes, әkesining (әkeleri Qabanbay, Týstikbay) atynan qol qoyghan. Ayt Qabanbay aqalaqshynyng balasy Búqa batyr mólshermen 1795-1868 jyldary ómir sýrgen. Búqa Qabanbayúly Ileni torghauyt-qalmaqtardan tazartu joryqtarynda aiqasqa shyqqan batyr, qolbasshy. Ol torghauyttardy Júldyzgha qaray asyru shayqasynda jaralanyp, Kýnesting basyndaghy Tayasuda qaytys bolady. Sýiegin Qytaygha qarasty Ilening Shapshal audanyndaghy Jiyrenbúlaq degen jerge әkelip jerlegen. Búqa batyrdyng balasy Jeten de batyr bolyp, el auzynda «Jetisudyng Jeteni» atanghan. Jeten batyr 1817-1910 jyldary ómir sýrgen. Sýiegi Kegen audanynyng Jalauly auylyna jerlengen. Jeten 1862-1871 jyldary Sauryq, Tazabek batyrlarmen birge Aqpatsha jәne Iledegi torghauyt-qalmaqtargha qarsy soghystarda ýlken erlik kórsetken. XVIII ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynan bastap Qazaq handyghy men Ching patshalyghynyng arasyndaghy sauda-ekonomikalyq baylanys jaqsardy. Qara Tólesh degen kisi bastaghan Atban (Alban), Su Uang (Suan) atty Ghtyq (ru) adamdarynyng 1762 jyly qyrkýiek aiynyng 10-12 kýnderi Ilege 1300, Ýrimjige 4200 jylqy әkelip jasaghan saudasy aita qalarlyq ýlken sauda bolghan [Jýnisúly Jaqyp. Tarih qoynauynan. Almaty: «Jalyn» baspasy. 192-bet. 2004 j.].

Ching patshalyghy kezinde  qazaqtar men Ching ýkimeti arasynda Tarbaghatay, Ile jәne Ýrimji qatarly ýsh orynda sauda-satyq, mal aiyrbasy 1760-1762 jyldar aralyghynda kýshti damyghanyn myna tarihy derekter ary qaray dәleldey týsedi.

Chiyanlúnnyng 25 jyly (1760 j.) Ching ýkimeti Ilede tyng iygeru ýshin jylqy men júmys kóligine múqtaj bolady da Ilening ózi de ýkimet basqaruyndaghy sauda orny etip belgilenedi. Qazaqtardyng túraghy Ilege jaqyn sondyqtan saudagha óte qolayly boldy. Qazaqtar men Ching ýkimetining sauda qarym-qatnasy Negizinen Ýrimji, Ile jәne Tarbaghatay osy ýsh orynda jýrgizildi. Jýieden Ile sauda ortalyghy ótedi. Úlan-ghayyr qazaq dalasynyng bir bóligi ghana Ile, Tarbaghataymen shektesip jatatyn edi. Qazaqtardyng taghy birtalayy Tarbaghataydyng soltýstigi, sonday-aq Ertisting jәne batys jaghyn mekendeydi... Chiyanlúnnyng 27 jyly (1762 j.) qyrkýiek, jeltoqsan ailarynda tek Ýrimjining ózinde-aq 4 myng 200 jylqy aiyrbastaydy. Mine búdan sol tústaghy saudanyng qanshalyq zor ekenin kóre alamyz [Cubihay. Eredegi qazaqtardyng sauda-ayyrbasy. Almaty aqshamy gazeti. Á.Áshimúly audarmasy. 3 shilde, 1995 j.].

Qazaq handyghy men Ching patshalghy shekara syzyghyn anyqtaghan son, eki elding arasynda XVIII ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynan bastalghan sauda-ekonomikalyq baylanys úzaqqa sozyldy. XIX ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda Qarqara jәrmenkesi ashylyp, XX ghasyrdyng alghashqy shiyregine deyin jandandy. HIH ghasyrdyng basynan bastap Qoqan handyghy qazaq jerining ontýstik ónirlerin jaulay bastady. Qyzylordadan Almaty irgesindegi Úzynaghashqa deyin bekinisin saldy. Almatydan shyghysqa qaray Qytay shekarasyna deyingi aumaq patshalyq Reseyge eng kesh qosyldy. Onyng basty sebebi jer shalghaylyghy bolsa, taghy bir sebebi Reseyge qarsy soghystardyng jii oryn aluynan boldy. Búl ónirge Qoqannyng da qoly jetpedi. XIX ghasyrdyng 70-shi jyldaryna deyin qazaq halqynyng arasynda patyshalyq Resey de, Ching patshalyghyna da, Qoqangha da eshbirine tolyqqandy baghynbay, beytarap ómir sýrgen osy ónirding halqy boldy. Olar 1850 jyldardan bastap-aq Jetisugha kelgen patshalyq Resey әskerine qarsylyq kórsete bastaghan edi. 1855 jyldary Almaty irgesinde biraz qaqtyghystar oryn alghan. 1862-1871 jyldary Sauryq, Jeten, Tazabek qatarly batyrlar bastaghan últazattyq kóterilis patshalyq Resey biyligining Jetisuda ornauyn kesheuildetti. Búl kóterilis Jetisu jerinde patshalyq Resey ýstemdigine qarsy jasalynghan alghashqy últazattyq soghys boldy.

Al, Ile ónirine qazaqtardyng túraqty mekendegen kezi 1858 jyldan keyin bolghan. Yaghni, Jetisuda Sauryq, Tazabek, Jeten, Qojeke bastaghan batyrlar men biyler patshalyq Reseyge qarsy últazattyq kóterilis jasaghan tústa halyqtyng bir bólegin Ilege qaray qonystandyrghan. Búl turaly jazbasha derekte: «1865-1866 jyldary, orys әkimshiligining 1866 jylghy resmy mәlimetine qaraghanda, Alatau okrugining 841 týtini Qytaygha ótken. Olardyng arasynda Albannyng Sauryq, Malabay, Jeten (500 týtinmen 43 ótken) batyrlary, Esper, Qasabolat, Álike biyi, Suannyng Óstemir biyi, Tezek tórening bauyry Dýrәli súltan, qyrghyzdyng Búghy ruynyng Sabatar moldasy bolghan. Qúljagha qaray ótkenderding jalpy sany 5500-dey týtindi, 23340 adamdy qúraghan» [Aristov N. O Kulidje//Turkestanskie vedomosti. 208 bet. 15 maya 1871 g.]. Jeten batyr Albannyng Ayt ruynan Qabanbay bolystyng nemeresi.

Qarakerey Qabanbay men Ateke Jyryqtyng soghysy Ilede bolmaghan

Al Qabanbay men qyrghyzdyng Ateke Jyryq batyry soghysty delinetin Tekestegi «Tesiktas», Qabanbay mongholdardy birde qyrghyzdardy tosyp jatyp, at shaldyrghan «Attyntauy» dep atalatyn jerler. Búl jerler qay Qabanbaydyng atymen qoyylghan? Alban elining ait ruyrunyng Qalybegining Qabanbayy ma, joq әlde Qarakerey Qabanbay ma? Búl turaly el arasynda әrtýrli aitylyp, jazylyp keldi. El arasyndaghy keybir anyz-әngimeler bylay deydi: Qarakerey Qabanbay batyr 1756 jyly Narynqol men Kegendegi qyrghyzdardy talqandap, odan ary Ilege ótip, qalmaq-qyrghyzdarmen soghysqan. Toghyztaraudaghy Qabanbay shoqysyna shyghyp, jan-jaghyn barlaghan. Tekestegi Attyntauy degen jerde jasauyldargha bir ay at baqtyryp, Tesiktas degen jerde qyrghyzdyng Ateke jyryq batyrymen aiqasqan degen anyz-әngimeler kóp kezigedi.

Qarakerey Qabanbay batyr men qyrghyzdyng Ateke batyry soghysqan, ol soghys 1768-1769 jyldary aralyghynda bolghan. Biraq aqyn-jazushylar kórkem shygharmasynda jazyp jýrgendey búl soghys Ilede bolmaghan. Sebebi, 1762 jyly  Ching patshalyghy Ilege Sýidin, Kýre, Bayanday qatarly 9 iri әskery bekinisin saldy. Osy mezgilden son-aq qazaqtardy Ilege qaray attap bastyrmaghan.

1766 jyly jetisulyq Tatabay bastaghan 11 qazaq Chiyng patshalyghynan Ilege baryp qonystanudy súraghan. Ile general mekemesi olargha Ilege ornalasugha jol bermeydi. Yaghni, búl qazaqtardy Ilege ornalastyrsaq, basqa qazaqtardyng arasynan da Ilege qaray kóship keletinderi kóbeyedi. Jerimizge kelgen qazaqtargha jaza qoldanayyq desek, olar toptasyp kelip bizden kek alady әri eki el arasyndaghy sauda toqtaydy (Chiyng patshalyghy Gauzúng patsha orda esteligi, 759-tom). Ile ónirine qazaqtar 1830 jyldary ghana salyq tólep, erkin mal jaya bastaghan.

Qazaqtyng qas batyry Qarakerey Qabanbaydyng tarihyn qayta dúrys jazuymyz kerek. Miftik anyz ben kóp jeri shyndyqqa janasa bermeytin shejiremen tarih jazyp alysqa bara almaspyz. Key tarihshylar XVIII ghasyrdyng ortasynda Jetisu jeri Jonghardan tolyq azat bolmay jatyp, Jetisudyng shyghys-ontýstiginde qyrghyzdar bolghan degendi algha tartyp, Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng qyrghyzdarmen bolghan soghysynyng ornyn auystyryp jazyp keldi. Yaghny Qabanbay batyrdyng qyrghyzdyng Ateke batyrymen bolghan soghysynyng ornyn Qytaygha qarasty Tekestegi Attyntauynda boldy, 1756 jyly Qabanbay batyr Narynqol men Kegendi qyrghyzdardan tazartqan dep esepteydi. Shynmәnin de, 1756 jyldary Narynqol men Kegende qyrghyzdar boldy ma? Biz batyr babamyz Qabanbaydyng qyrghyzdarmen bolghan soghysynyng ornyn aitpastan búryn, batyr ómirden ótken kezge deyin Jetisudyng shyghysynda kimderding túryp jatqanyn, qyrghyzdar qayda mekendegenin anyqtap aludy jón kórdik.

Ol ýshin qytay men orys arhivterindegi derekterdi kóp zerttep jýrgen Kamal Ábdirahmanovtyng «Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng Aqmolasy» atty kólemdi ghylymy zertteu maqalasyndaghy myna tómendegi derekteri sózimizdi odan әri qaray dәleldey týsedi: 1772 jyldary qazirgi Almaty kýngey Alatauda (Qyrghyzstan Ystyqkól ónirin aityp otyr) 5 myng shanyraq qalmaq (Sagan, Harachiyn, Harsiyn) rulary; Sharynda 5 myng shanyraq; Shelekte 4 myng shanyraq; Ýlingir kólinde 3 myng shanyraq; Bosh-Shagansuda (Lepsi ózeninen soltýstikke qaray) 3700 shanyraq; Kóksu, Qaratal ózenderining boyynda Sayyn Bólek batyr bastaghan 4 myng shanyraq Hoyt; Sarqan men Aqsu ózenderining boyynda, odan әri Engade bastaghan Hoyttar – 10 myng shanyraq; Alakól, Ýrjar manynda, odan soltýstikke Emil ózenine qaray, Tarbaghatay Shәueshekte Gabuzy Zaysannyng 3500 shanyraghy, kumiyrender men dinbasylardyng 10600 shanyraq qalmaqtary; sonday-aq 1500 shanyraq Shotalaq, Aladoy Bukunut, Tugut, Orat, Ardasini, Jahasini, Boasin taypalary Búratala bette otyr. Demek, basqa ónirdi aitpaghanda, Jetisugha qazaqtar 1770 jyldary tolyqtay ornalasa almaghan. Qyrghyzdar Talas, Shu ónirinde edi. Jetisulyq Úly jýz taypalarynyng birazy Ayakóz ónirinde túryp jatty.

Biz búl tújyrymymyzdy anyqtay týsu ýshin tarihy jazbasha derekke ýnileyik: múraghat qújattarynda 1785 jyly kapitan Andreevting «Orta jýzding sipattamasy» atty enbeginde Úly jýzding qonystanghan ornyn bylay kórsetedi: «Tarbaghatay tauynan qytay shekarasyna deyingi aralyqta mynanday rular kóship-qonyp jýrdi: 1. Janaby bastaghan Suandar 3500 týtin. 2. Qonyrbórik (Alban elining ruy, – Á.Á) Daly Dәulet bastaghan 400 týtin. 3. Qyzylbórik (Alban elining ruy, – Á.Á) Ájibay, Altay bastaghan 300 týtin. 4. Shapyrashty Qoysoymas Qarasha bastaghan 1500 týtin. 5. Atanbay bastaghan Qyzay 700 týtin. 6. Qarabas bastaghan Aqbaraq, Aqbolat 600 týtin. 7. Sadyq bastaghan Qanly 120 týtin. Atalghan qazaqtar jer sharuashylyghymen ainalysyp, biday, arpa jәne tary egedi.

Biyeke by bastaghan Segizsarylar (Alban elining ruy, – Á.Á) 600 ýtin, Alaman bastaghan Aljandar (Alban elining ruy, – Á.Á) 450 týtin, Ayagóz ben Qaraqol ózenderining aralyghynda Berdiqoja bastaghan Shanyshqylylar 300 týtin, Joldybay, Shymyrbaylar bastaghan Jalayyrlar 600 týtin, IYgilik bastaghan Qasqarular 500 týtin, Sýiindik bastaghan Qyrmyshtar 100 týtin, Bayghabyl Ótep bastaghan Janystar 100 týtin» – dep kórsetedi (Aristov A. Usuny y kirgizy ily karakirgizy. Bishkek, 2001. 419–420 str.).

1785 jyldary Ayakóz ónirin mekendegen Albannyng Qyzylbórik, Qonyrbórik rularynyng týtin sany 700 eken. Bizshe Ájibay qatarly batyrlar kóp keshikpey Almatynyng shyghysyndaghy Esik, Týrgenge kóship kelgen. Týrgende sol zamannan qalghan «Ájibay toghany» bar. Daly Dәulet bastaghan Albannyng 400 shanyraq Qonyrbórikteri Taldyqorghan ónirine auyp kelip, Ýigentas pen Altynemelding aralyghyn mekendegen. XVIII ghasyrdyng sonyna qaray Shapyrashty taypasynyng 1500 shanyraghy Ayakóz ózeni alabynan ontýstikke qaray kóship, Taldyqorghan ónirin mekendegen. Odan keyin Almaty irgesindegi Alatau baurayyna qaray qonys audarghan. Atabay bastaghan 700 shanyraq Qyzay (Nayman) ruy shyghysqa qaray kóship, 1790 jyldary Qytaygha qarasty Tarbaghatay ónirin meken etken. Sadyq bastaghan 120 týtin qanlylar keyin Ayakózden qazirgi Kerbúlaq audanyna kelip qonys tepken.

Tarihy derekterge jýginsek, Qabanbay batyr men qyrghyzdyng Ateke batyrynyng soghysqan uaqyty 1769 jyly bolghan. Al Abylay han 1775–1776 jyldary Talas, Chýi, Ystyqkólding batysyna deyin qyrghyzdardy shapqan. Qabanbay batyr Saryarqada tuyp, Saryarqada ómirden ótken, sýiegi Aqmola manyna jerlengen. Qazaqtar men qyrghyzdardyng arasynda bolghan «Jayyl qyrghyny» Narynqol, Kegenmen qanattas jatqan Qaraqol ónirindegi Búghy ruymen emes, Qyrghyzstannyng Talas, Chýy oblysynyng aumaghyn mekendeytin qyrghyzdyng Qytay, Sary, Solty, Kýchy, Sarybaghysh rularymen bolghan. 1766 jyly Abylay han Qarabaldan degen jerde qyrghyzdarmen soghysqan. Qyrghyzdardyng derekterinde: 1756 jyly Ábilpeyiz súltan Talas ózeni boyynda mekendeytin qyrghyzdyng Qytay ruynyng bii Qarabotanyng auylyna shabuyl jasaydy. Sol jyly Abylay han Qarabotamen kelissóz jýrgizip, bir úlyn, toghyz týtin adamdaryn amanatqa alyp ketedi. Biraq keler jyly Qarabotanyng adamdary qazaqtargha shabuyl jasaydy, biraz qazaqty tútqyngha alady. 1775 jyly Abylay (Soltyny talqandap, Kólden Múndyz basshysy Tynybekting 150 týtinin qyrghan) ýsh týmen qolmen Merkeden (Qazirgi Jambyl oblysyndaghy Merki) órlep kele jatqanda, Jayyl batyr (qyrghyzdyng batyry) balalary Ýsen, Teke, Itiyke, inisi Momokonmen soghysqan [Kalen Sydkova. Kyrgyz tarihy. 541-bet. Bishkek: «Biyiktiyk», 2007 j.].

1775 jyly Abylay 30 myng qolmen Talas, Chýige (Qyrghyzstannyng qazirgi Shu oblysy) basyp kirgende, qyrghyzdardyng Solty, Sarybaghysh, Sayaq, Búghy, Shonbaghysh, Azyq taghy basqa rulary jan ayamay óz jerlerin qorghaghan. Solty runyng Jayyl batyrynyng danqy shyqqan. «Jayyl qyrghyny» el esinde qaldy... Búl jolghy joryqta Abylay Chýi, Kemiyn, Ystyqkól, Qoshqardan ótip, Kólge deyin qyrghyzdardy talqandaghan. Búl soghysta Jayyl batyr, úldary Esen, Ýsen, Teke qaytys boldy [Kalen Sydkova. Kyrgyz tarihy. 546-547-better. Bishkek: «Biyiktiyk», 2007 j.].

1756 jyly Kegen, Narynqol, Shonjyda qyrghyzdar emes, qalmaqtar mekendep otyrghanyn jogharyda aittyq. Qabanbay batyrmen soghysqan qyrghyzdyng Ateke batyrynyng ruy – Sarybaghysh bolghan. Ol kezde Sarybaghyshtar Chýi, Talas ónirin mekendegenin tarihy derekterden bile alamyz. Narynqol, Kegenmen irgeles jatqan Ystyqkól men Qaraqol ónirine Búghy qyrghyzdary keyin kelgen. Jonghar shapqynshylyghynda Búghy qyrghyzdary Ándijangha auyp ketip, olardyng qonysy Sholpan ata, Qaraqol ónirin qalmaqtar mekendegen. 1857 jyl Semenov Tyani Shanskiy Ystyqkólge barghanda, Búghy ruynyng manaby Boranbay Bekmúratov: «Bizding Kólge kelgenmizge 71 jyl boldy» degen eken [Kalen Sydkova. Kyrgyz tarihy. 645-bet. Bishkek: «Biyiktiyk», 2007 j.].

Búl arada Kól dep otyrghany Ystyqkól. Osy derekke negizdelgende, Búghy qyrghyzdary Ystyqkól jaghalauyna, Qaraqol ónirine 1786 jyldary kelgen. Qyrghyz derekterinde bylay delingen: Abylaydyng әsker basshysy Qamanbay (Qabanbay batyr, – Á.Á) Qoshqargha keldi... Artynan Ateke jetip, Qaraghay degen jerde soghysady [Kalen Sydkova. Kyrgyz tarihy. 549- bet. Bishkek: «Biyiktiyk», 2007 j.].

Osy jolghy soghystan keyin Qabanbay batyrdyng qaytys bolghany turaly jazylypty. Osy derekterge negizdelgende, Abylay da, Qabanbay da qyrghyzdarmen qazirgi Chýy (Shu), Talas oblystary jәne onymen shekaralas Qazaqstannyng Jambyl oblysynyng batys-ontýstik aumaqtarynda úrys jasaghan. Alayda Qabanbay batyrmen songhy ret soghysqan qyrghyzdyng Ateke batyry 1788 jyldary tiri ekeni orystyng arhiv derekterinde saqtalypty. Patshalyq Reseyge Atekening atynan eki ret hat jazylghan. Sibirdegi Omby bekinisindegi orys generaly N.G.Ogariovdon Ateke batyrgha 1788 jyly 15 mausymda qos tilde (tatar, orys) jazghan hatynyng týpnúsqasy saqtalghan. Alayda búl qújat Atekege jetken emes. Ol ýshin arhivte (f. of. 1. d. 25. l. 35. 38) saqtalyp qalghan.

1787 jyly qazan aiynda Ateke batyrgha patshalyq Reseyding elshisi Muslum Agaferov kelgende, ony saltanatpen qarsy alghan. 1788 jyly 2 tamyzda Ateke batyr ekinshi ret Reseyge elshi jibergen [Kalen Sydkova. Kyrgyz tarihy. 549-550-better. Bishkek: «Biyiktiyk», 2007 j.].

1762 jyly Ching patshalyghy Ile ónirinde Ile general mekemesin qúryp, әskery shtabyn Qorghasqa tiktedi. Qalyng әskerin qarulandyryp, Ileni qorghaugha ornalastyrdy. Ilening XVIII ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysyndaghy sayasy jaghdayy bylay edi. Qytay tarihshysy Uyn Uynudyng aituynsha, Iledegi Chiyng patshalyghynyng әsker sany 20-30 myng adam bolghan eken [Uyng Uynu. Qytaydyng batys ónirdi basqaru tarihy. 265-bet. Tayuan. 1937 j.].

Búl әskerler negizinen segiz jalauly әskerler jәne jasyl jalauly әskerler bolyp eki topqa jikteldi. Búdan basqa qorghanys әskerleri jәne auyspaly qorghanys әskerleri degen armiyasy boldy. Segiz jalauly әskerler negizinen manjúrlardan, qalmaqtardan, sibelerden (shiybe, shibo), solandardan (daghúr) qúralghan qosyn edi. Jasyl jalauly әskerleri negizinen qytaylardan qúralghan. Auyspaly shekara qorghanys әskerleri ýsh jylda nemese bes jylda auystyryldy. Chiyng patshalyghy búrynghy jongharlardyng óris ónirlerining barlyghy ózime tәueldi bolady, biraq qazaqtar súghynyp kirmeydi deuge bolmaydy degen oimen, Tyani-shaninyng soltýstik ayaghynan ontýstigine qaray kólbegen tau silemindegi qatynas joldaryna, tau asularyna qarauyl ornatyp, belgi qoyyp, sol jerlerde qazaqtardan saqtanatyn әri syrtqy jaudy barlaytyn ereje ornatqan [Nәbijan Múqamethanúly. Chiyng patshalyghy kezindegi qazaq halqy. 51-53-better. Ýrimji: Shynjang halyq baspasy, 1997 j.].

Qytay derekterine qaraghanda, Chiyanlúnnyng 25 jyly (1760 jyl) aqylshy Ánby Aguy Ilening is basqaru basshylyghyna taghayyndalady. Ile tútas Shynjanyng ortalyghy bolyp, әskery mekeme qúryldy. Sýidin, Kýre, Bayanday qatarly 9 iri әskery bekinis salynyp, әkimshilik qúrylym qalyptasady. Ile Shynjandaghy әsker sany eng kóp oryn boldy. 1764 jyly Hiylúnjiyang men Liyauniynnen 4 myng Sibeni (manju-túnghús tildes últ) Ilege kóshirip әkelip, shekara kýzetuge qoydy. Osy mezgilderde Ishki Monghol men Chiynhaydan (Tiybet) birneshe myng Chahar qalmaqtaryn da Ile men Búratalagha kóshirip, shekara qarauyldyghyna qoydy. 1771-1775 jyldary Edil boyynan 15 myng týtin torghauyt qalmaqtary Shynjangha kóship keledi. Iledegi segiz jalauly әskerler men jasyl jalauly әskerlerding jalpy sany 14 myng adam boldy. Osynshama kóp adamnyng tamaq mәselesin sheshu ýshin Chiyanlúnnyng 33 jyly (1768 jyl) Ontýstik Shynjannan egin egetin 6 myng 383 týtin úighyrdy Ilege alyp kelip, egin ektiredi. Iledegi jerlik qalmaqtar olardy taranshy (eginshi) dep ataydy.

Demek, 1780 jyldary Ilede әsker sany 14 myn, oirat, torghauyt, shoras, chahar qatarly qalmaq taypalarynyng jalpy sany 60-70 myng adam, sibe, solan, manjúr, qytaylar 5-6 myn, taranshylar (úighyrlar) 20 myn, jalpy 100 mynnan astam halyq túryp jatty.

Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng Qytaydyng Ile ónirine baryp soghysqany turaly naqtyly tarihy derekti kezdestire almadyq. Batyr Qabanbay turaly jazbasha jәne anyz derekterden syrt batyrlyq dastandar bar. Keyingi jyldary jazylghan ólen, poemalar jәne birli-ekili roman bar.

Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng Toghyztarau audanynyng Kóldeneng jaylauyna túrghyzylghan eskerkishi.

Sózding qysqasy, Ilening Toghyztarauyndaghy Qabanbay shoqysynyng kimning atynda ataluy men qyrghyzdyng Ateke batyrymen qazaqtyng batyry Qabanbaydyng qalay soghysqanyn da bolyp túrghan joq. Ángime osy tarihy shyndyqtyn, oqighanyng orny men jyly búrmalanyp, bizge jansaq jetuinde bolyp túr. Qabanbay batyr at izin salmaghan Toghyztaraudaghy shoqynyng «Qabanbay shoqysy» atanuy men Tekestegi «Tesiktas», Qabanbay mongholdardy birde qyrghyzdardy tosyp jatyp, at shaldyrghan «Attyntauy» dep atalatyn jerler. Búl qyrghyz batyry Ateke jәne qazaq batyry Qabanbaydyng arauaghynyng aldynda jәne tarihy shyndyq aldynda keshirilmeytin kýnә bolatyny aqiqat.

Keybir aitqyshtar men jazghyzshar Qytay memeleketi batyr babamyz Qabanbaygha bildey bir shoqynyng atyn berip túrghanda, biz nege ony kóp kóremiz, nege moyyndamaymyz, nege qay-qaydaghyny byqsytyp, ónbes daudy qozghap jýrsinder dep aitatyny anyq. Qazirge deyin Qytay memleketi «Qabanbay shoqysyn» qay Qabanbaydyng atymen naqtyly ataytyny turaly resimy qújatyn әligedeyin biz kórmedik. Alayda, jergilikti halyq nede bolsa qazaqtyng qas batyry Qarakerey bolu kerek degen týsinikpen, býginge deyin jaqsaq atalyp kelgeni belgili. Onshaqty jyldyng aldynda Toghyztaraudyng Kóldeneng jaylauynda Qabanbay batyrdyng eskertkishin túrghyzyp, qytay, qazaq tilinde batyr babamyzdyng ómirbayanyn tasqa qashap jazghanyn ghalamtordan kórdik. Osy eki-ýsh jyldyng aldynda sol eskertkishti jergilikti biylik búzyp tastapty. Áriyne, ókinishti! Onyng sebebin biz bile almadyq...

Qarakerey Qabanbay batyr eskertkishining búzylghan orny.

Biraq Qytay biylili Ýisin memleketining hany Kýn biydi jәne jarty Álemdi biylegen Shynghys handy, onyng nemeresi Qúbylay handy jәne jalayyr Múqylaydy jat kórmeydi. Olargha Qytay memleketin birlikke keltirgen úly tarihy túlgha retinde qarap, Qytay tarihynyng betine altyn әrippen jazyp qoyghan. Gansu ólkesining Aqsay qazaq avtonomiyaly audanynyng ortalyghynda qazaqtyng ýsh biyining eskertkishi boy kótergen. Soghan úqsas tarihta ótken qazaq batyrlary әr jerde bar. Al qazaqtyng qas batyry Qarakerey Qabanbaydyng Toghyztaraudyng Kóldeneng jaylauyndaghy eskertkishin nege búzyp tastaghanyn bilu qiyn. Mýmkin sayasattyn, mýmkin tarihtyng yqpaly bolghan shyghar.

Tariyhqa ýnilip qarasang Qabanbay batyrgha búl shoqyny teliytindey esh tarihy negizi joq. Búl ary ketse XX ghasyrdyng orta sheninen bastap jergilikti halyq arasynda qalyptasqan miftik anyzdar ghana bar. Bәrining jelisi jongharlarmen shayqasqan Qabanbay batyr sol shoqygha qubas atymen shauyp shyghyp, shauyp-týsedi eken.

Biz kýpti bolyp jýrgen, kýmәndi tarihtyng aqiqatyna kóz jetkizu ýshin ózimiz izdenip qol jetkizgen tarihy derekke sýienip dәleldeuge tyrystyq. Endigi tóreligin patsha kónildi oqyrmandardyng enshisine qaldyrdyq.

Álimjan Áshimúly

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