Erlan Bapanov. Qazaqstan DSÚ-gha kiruge dayyn emes
Elimizding DSÚ qúramyna enu baghytynda kelissózder jýrgizip kele jatqanyna 20 jylgha juyqtapty. 13-qantarda QR Preziydenti janyndaghy Ortalyq kommuniykasiyalar qyzmetinde ótken briyfingte QR ekonomiyka jәne budjettik josparlau viyse-miynistri Tiymur Jaqsylyqov: «Úiymgha mýshe bolu ýshin tauarlar, qyzmet kórsetu, auyl sharuashylyq jәne jýielik mәseleler boyynsha ekijaqty kelissózder jýrgizu qarastyrylghan. Búl tórt mәsele boyynsha kelissózder ayaqtalugha jaqyn. Tek eki mәsele – tariyftik ýilesimdilik jәne jergilikti ýles mәseleleri boyynsha kelissózder jýrgizu qaldy. Sol sebepti, osy jyly kelissózder tolyq ayaqtalyp, Qazaqstan DSÚ-gha mýshe bolady dep kýtilude», – dedi.
Elimizding DSÚ qúramyna enu baghytynda kelissózder jýrgizip kele jatqanyna 20 jylgha juyqtapty. 13-qantarda QR Preziydenti janyndaghy Ortalyq kommuniykasiyalar qyzmetinde ótken briyfingte QR ekonomiyka jәne budjettik josparlau viyse-miynistri Tiymur Jaqsylyqov: «Úiymgha mýshe bolu ýshin tauarlar, qyzmet kórsetu, auyl sharuashylyq jәne jýielik mәseleler boyynsha ekijaqty kelissózder jýrgizu qarastyrylghan. Búl tórt mәsele boyynsha kelissózder ayaqtalugha jaqyn. Tek eki mәsele – tariyftik ýilesimdilik jәne jergilikti ýles mәseleleri boyynsha kelissózder jýrgizu qaldy. Sol sebepti, osy jyly kelissózder tolyq ayaqtalyp, Qazaqstan DSÚ-gha mýshe bolady dep kýtilude», – dedi.
Qazaqstan ekonomikasy DSÚ-gha kirgen song qalay boluy mýmkin? Carapshylar DSÚ turaly sóz etkende, búl úiymgha enu ýshin, aldymen, әlsiz tústarymyzdy myqtap aluymyz kerektigin algha tartady. Mәselen, biz qazirde jenil ónerkәsip jәne qúrylys sektory, sonday-aq agroónerkәsip salalary boyynsha tútynushylardy tolyqtay ónimmen qamtamasyz ete almay otyrmyz. «Al erteng dýniyejýzilik naryqta aldymen osy salalarymyz bәsekege qabiletti boluy kerek» deydi mamandar. Tәuelsiz sarapshylardyng pikirinshe, elde jappay ózgeruler oryn alady. Shaghyn jәne orta biznes ókilderi shyghyngha úshyraydy, óitkeni sheteldik óndirushiler tómen kedendik baj salyghymen otandyq naryqqa erkin enip, olarmen bәsekede bizding óndirushiler jenilui mýmkin.
Sondyqtan «Jeti ret ólshep, bir ret kesu kerek». Nauqanshyldyqqa úrynyp, asyghystyqqa jol bersek, óz ekonomikamyzgha zalal keltiremiz. Mәselen kezinde Qyrghyzstan, Moldova jәne Gýrjistan elderi úiymgha kiru ýrdisin barynsha jyldamdatty. Saliyqaly saraptamalyq júmystar men taldaular jasaugha asa mәn bermedi.Sonyng saldarynan Qyrghyzstannyng agrarlyq salasy men ónerkәsibi ziyan shekti. Eldi iymport jaulap aldy, qyrghyz ónimi olarmen bagha jәne sapa boyynsha bәskelese almay qaldy. Búl kәsiporyndar men fermerlerding kýireuine, óndiristerding qysqartyluy men joyyluyna, budjetke týsetin salyqtyng kýrt azangyna әkep soqtyrdy. Gýrjistan shetel investiysiyasynyng aghyluyna qaramastan ekonomiykalyq basymdyqtargha ie bola almady. Moldovanyng auyl sharuashylyghy, mashina jasau, temeki óndiru jәne sharap ashytu industriyasyna kýireu qaupi tóndi.
Al qazaqstandyq ekonomiykany qazirgi jaghdayda bәsekelestikke qabiletti dep atau qiyn. Dýniyejýzilik tәjiriybege sәikes, әr salagha kem degende 3,25% -dan artyq eksport kelse ghana bәsekelestikke qabiletti sanalady. Qazaqstannyng dýniyejýzilik saudadaghy ýlesi jayly aitatyn bolsaq, 2011 jylghy boljamdar boyynsha, Aziya-Tynyq múhity aimaghynda (ATA) Qazaqstan ýlesine tauar eksportyna – 1% keledi jәne qyzmet eksportyna – 0,4% keledi. 2011 jyldyng nәtiyjesi boyynsha dýniyejýzilik saudada qazaqstandyq eksporttyng salmaghy 0,39% asty. Endi jeke salalar boyynsha aitsaq, Qazaqstannyng otyn-energetiykalyq resurstar eksporty salasyndaghy ýlesi – 1,3%, temir men bolattyng ýlesi – 0,9% qúraydy. 2012 jyly da búl kórsetkishter ondy ózgeristerge úshyray qoyghan joq.
Endeshe, Qazaqstan nelikten DSÚ-gha kiruge asyghady? Biyliktegiler dýniyejýzilik ekonomiykagha tereng yqpaldastyq jasau arqyly IJÓ ósimining qarqyny jyldamdatylady dep esepteydi. Sebebi, halyqaralyq saudanyng dýniyejýzilik ekonomiykagha qarqyn berui, sonday-aq, jahandanudyng basqa aspektilerin ózimen birge ilgeriletui osynday boljamdargha iytermeleydi. Úiymgha mýshe bolu DSÚ memleketterining aumaghyndaghy sauda erkindigi, tranzittik tasymaldargha qatysty aitarlyqtay jenildikterge qol jetkizbek. Sonymen qatar, importtalatyn kólikterge kedendik baj salyghy da tómendeydi. Qazirgi uaqytta jenil kólikterge importtyq salym 30% kóleminde ekeni belgili. Alayda búl soma úiymgha kirgen uaqyttan ýsh jyldan song ghana satyly týrde azaytylmaq. Statistikalyq mәlimetterge sýiensek, songhy 50 jylda óndiris ónimderining dýniyejýzilik sauda mólsheri 17 esege ósip, al dýniyejýzilik óndiris mólsheri 6 esege úlghayghan. Jәne de, songhy 10 jylda dýniyejýzilik saudanyng jyl sayynghy ósu qarqyny 6,5%. Sonymen qatar, Qazaqstan Europa men Aziya arasyndaghy ghalamdyq tranzittik deldal bolugha úmtyluda, al DSÚ-gha naqty mýsheliksiz búl úmtylys senimsiz kórinedi. Qarap otyrsaq, jaman kórsetkishter emes. Alayda múnyng barlyghy jalpylama qortyndylar.
Sonymen qatar, erkin saudanyng paydasy men basymdyqtary DSÚ-nyng jana mýshesine avtomatty týrde úsynyla salmaydy. Kóp nәrse Qazaqstannyng ekonomiykalyq әleuetining dengeyine, óndirushilerining mýddesin qatang týrde qorghay aluyna baylanysty. Sonday-aq eldegi demokratiyalyq ýrdisti meylinshe damytyp, korrupsiyalyq kýshterding qysymyn tómendetuimiz kerek. Búl mәseleler bizde kýn ótken sayyn keri ketude. Onyng ýstine AQSh jәne EO óz fermerlerin subsiydiyalay otyryp, damushy elderge qoldampazdyq (proteksioniystik) sayasat ústanady. Múnda bәsekening kýshtiligi sonshalyq, damushy elder men damyghan elder arasyndaghy qyzmet pen tauar qúnyn alshaqtatyp, tipti, damushy elding ekonomikalyq әleuetin túnshyqtyruy da mýmkin. Qazirgi tanda Qazaqstannyng eksportynda basty oryndy múnay, qara jәne týsti metall t.b alady. Býgingi tanda Qazaqstan kóbine shiykizatty ekonomikasy damyghan elderge eksporttaydy, aiyrbasqa qayta óndeletin salanyng ónimderin ýsteme qosylghan qúnymen alady. Mәsele – óndeushi ónerkәsip salasynda tuyndaydy. Eng bastysy – osy salanyng jәne kәsiporynnyng bәsekege qabilettigining tómendigi bolyp otyr emes pe. Eng aldymen halyqty tolghandyratyn basty mәsele − azyq-týlik baghasy, al onyng ózgerui barsha elderge tәn qúbylys. Elimiz et pen sýtte de iymportqa asa tәueldi. Osy túrghydan alsaq, Qazaqstan azyq-týlik qauipsizdigi boyynsha qauipti aimaqta túr. Bizding basty eksportshymyz − Qytay. DSÚ-gha mýshe búl el ýshin Qazaqstan naryghynyng keng ashyluy tiyimdi. Sebebi, bir jaghynan, Keden odaghy qúrylghaly Qytay kәsipkerlerine elimizde júmys isteu qiyndap ketse, ekinshi jaghynan, otandyq tauar óndirushiler eshqashan Qytaymen bәsekege týse almaydy. DSÚ-nyng mindetteri otandyq óndiristing jәne jergilikti biyznesting damuyna belgili bir shekteu qoyady. Budjetpen qarjylandyrylyp otyrghan auyl sharuashylyq baghdarlamalary, shaghyn biznes baghdarlamalary memlekettik subsiydiyadan aiyrylady. Búl onsyz da shatqayaqtap túrghan auylsharuashylyghy salasyn qúrdymgha jiberedi. Sebebi onyng damuy memlekettik jyl sayynghy subsidiyalargha da qaramactan tómen bolyp otyr.
Elimizde tәuelsizdik alghaly beri әli birde-bir múnay óndeu zauyty salynbapty. Tek sovet ókimeti kezinde boy kótergen ýsh zauyt bar. Onyng ózi, Pavlodar múnay óndeu zauyty Batys Sibir múnayyna, al Shymkent múnay óndeu zauyty 25-30 payyzgha Resey múnayyna tәueldi eken. Sondyqtan Qazaqstan ózining múnay óndeu zauyttaryn janartpayynsha jәne janadan birnesheuin salmayynsha, janar-jagharmay baghasy arzandaydy dep ýmittenuge bolmaydy. Jana zauyttar salynyp, olar óz shiykizatymyzdy óndeui tiyis.
Birqatar nysandardy kógildir otyn paydalanugha kóshiru ýshin elimizge gaz óndeytin zauyttar salu qajet. Jalpy, Shiykizat óndirisimen ghana otyrghan Qazaqstangha tútynushylar koloniyasyna ainalyp ketu qaupi bar. DSÚ qandayda bir tauar shygharatyn elder ýshin tiyimdi ekenin eskersek, әzirge bizding memleketting mýddesi ýshin tiyimsiz ekenin esten shygharmauymyz kerek. Kedendik odaqtyng ayasyndaghy ortaq kelisimder jasauda kórshi Resey tarapynan ekonomikalyq kemsitushilikterge úshyrap otyrghanymyz azday, endi taghy bir úiymgha úmtylyp eki qayyqtyng qúiryghyn ústaghannyng kebin kiymekpiz be? Qysqasy, saudanyng «ortaq qazanynda» әlemning 150-den astam elimen alys-beris jasasugha Qazaqstannyng ishki naryghy әli dayyn emes.
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