Maqsat Iliyasúly. Konstitusiya jәne biz: halyqtyng erki qayda qaldy? (basy)
Kez kelgen memleketting sayasy baghytyn, memlekettik qúrylysyn, basqaru nysanyn, negizgi qúndylyqtaryn aiqyndaytyn basty qújaty – Konstitusiya. Konstitusiyanyng әrbir baby, әrbir sózi ýlken mәnge ie jәne onyng sәl ózgeruining ózi qoghamgha, memleket ómirine ýlken ózgerister әkeledi. Al onyng oryndalmauy nemese búrmalanuy qoghamnyng damuyna ghana emes, memleketting tәuelsizdigine, tútastyghy men barsha qúrylymyna qauip tóndirui mýmkin.
Qazaqstan Respublikasy songhy shiyrek ghasyrgha juyq tarihynda 1993- jyly 28-qantarda alghashqy, 1995-jyldyng 30 tamyzynda ekinshi Konstitusiyasyn qabyldady. Birinshi Konstitusiyanyng alghy sózinde «qazaq memlekettiligining búljymastyghyn negizge ala otyryp (ishodya iz nezyblemosty kazahskoy gosudarstvennostiy)» dep bastalyp, Konstitusiyalyq qúrylystyng negizi «ózin ózi biyleytin qazaq últy memlekettiliginin týri retinde Qazaqstan Respublikasy ózining barlyq azamatynyng qúqyq tendigin qamtamasyz etedi. (Respublika Kazahstan kak forma gosudarstvennosty somoopredelivsheysya kazahskoy nasiy obespechivaet ravnye prava vsem svoim grajdanam)» dep jalghasqan-dy. Al ekinshi Konstitusiyada qazaqtyng Qazaqstandaghy jalghyz memleket qúraushy últ ekeni de, qazaq memlekettigi degen úghym da alynyp qaldy.
Kez kelgen memleketting sayasy baghytyn, memlekettik qúrylysyn, basqaru nysanyn, negizgi qúndylyqtaryn aiqyndaytyn basty qújaty – Konstitusiya. Konstitusiyanyng әrbir baby, әrbir sózi ýlken mәnge ie jәne onyng sәl ózgeruining ózi qoghamgha, memleket ómirine ýlken ózgerister әkeledi. Al onyng oryndalmauy nemese búrmalanuy qoghamnyng damuyna ghana emes, memleketting tәuelsizdigine, tútastyghy men barsha qúrylymyna qauip tóndirui mýmkin.
Qazaqstan Respublikasy songhy shiyrek ghasyrgha juyq tarihynda 1993- jyly 28-qantarda alghashqy, 1995-jyldyng 30 tamyzynda ekinshi Konstitusiyasyn qabyldady. Birinshi Konstitusiyanyng alghy sózinde «qazaq memlekettiligining búljymastyghyn negizge ala otyryp (ishodya iz nezyblemosty kazahskoy gosudarstvennostiy)» dep bastalyp, Konstitusiyalyq qúrylystyng negizi «ózin ózi biyleytin qazaq últy memlekettiliginin týri retinde Qazaqstan Respublikasy ózining barlyq azamatynyng qúqyq tendigin qamtamasyz etedi. (Respublika Kazahstan kak forma gosudarstvennosty somoopredelivsheysya kazahskoy nasiy obespechivaet ravnye prava vsem svoim grajdanam)» dep jalghasqan-dy. Al ekinshi Konstitusiyada qazaqtyng Qazaqstandaghy jalghyz memleket qúraushy últ ekeni de, qazaq memlekettigi degen úghym da alynyp qaldy.
Sonymen kýshi joyylghan 1993-jylghy Konstitusiyany tarih qoynauyna jiberip, qoldanystaghy negizgi zannyng erekshelikterine toqtalyp kóreyik.
Konstitusiyanyng 1-babynda «Qazaqstan Respublikasy ózin demokratiyalyq, zayyrly, qúqyqtyq jәne әleumettik memleket retinde ornyqtyrady, onyng eng qymbat qazynasy – adam jәne adamnyng ómiri, qúqyqtary men bostandyqtary» dep kórsetilgen.
Demokratiyalyq memleket degen ne? Demokratiyalyq memlekettik jýiening negizi halyqtyng biyligi, memleketti halyqtyng basqaruy. Konstitusiyanyng 3-babynda búl jaghday «Memlekettik biylikting birden-bir bastauy - halyq. Halyq biylikti tikeley respublikalyq referendum jәne erkin saylau arqyly jýzege asyrady, sonday-aq óz biyligin jýzege asyrudy memlekettik organdargha beredi» dep kórinis tapqan.
Alayda, elimizde qarapayym halyqtyng nemese qoghamdyq úiymdardyn, partiyalardyng referendum ótkizui jәne әdil saylaugha qatysuy kýrdeli jaghdayda qalyp otyr. QR «Respublikalyq referendum turaly» Konstitusiyalyq zanynyng 10- babynda «Referendum taghayyndau qúqyghy Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Preziydentinde bolady» dep kórsetilgen. Atalghan zannyng 17-babynda «Respublika Preziydenti Parlament pen Ýkimetting nemese respublika azamattarynyng bastamashylyghy boyynsha referendum taghayyndau turaly mynaday: 1) referendum taghayyndau turaly; 2) referendum ótkizbey-aq, onyng talqysyna úsynylatyn mәsele (mәseleler) boyynsha Konstitusiyagha ózgertuler men tolyqtyrular engizu, konstitusiyalyq zan, zang nemese ózge de sheshim qabyldau qajettigi turaly; 3) referendum taghayyndau turaly bastamashylyqty qabyldamau turaly sheshimderding birin qabyldaydy» dep belgilengen.
Demek, Parlament, Ýkimet nemese eki jýz mynnan asa Qazaqstan azamattary referendum ótkizu turaly bastama kótergenimen Preziydent jeke dara ol referendumdy ótkizuge nemese ótkizbeuge qúqyly jәne ótkizuden bas tartqany ýshin qandayda bir jauapkershilik almaydy. Olay bolsa, búl jaghdayda halyq biylikti tikeley respublikalyq referendum arqyly jýzege asyratyny qayda qaldy? QR «Respublikalyq referendum turaly» Konstitusiyalyq zanynyng osy baptary Konstitusiyanyng 3-babyna sәikes kele me?
Sonymen birge halyqtyng óz biyligin jýzege asyrudy memlekettik organdargha beretini kórsetilgen de, organdardyng qyzmeti halyq mýddesine say kelmese, biylikten jýzege asyru qúqyghyn qaytaryp alu jaghdayy qarastyrylmaghan.
Sol 3-bapta halyq biyligi saylau arqyly jýzege asatyny belgilengen. Alayda, әdil saylau ótkizu mәselesi de elimizde әli kýnge sheshimin taba almay keledi. Basqany aitpaghannyng ózinde QR «Saylau turaly» Konstitusiyalyq zanynda «bnlletenige qaryndashpen belgi qongha, sonday-aq oghan qanday da bolsyn týzetu engizuge jol berilmeydi. Belgi qaryndashpen qoyylghan, týzetu nemese ózge de búrmalau izderi bar, sonday-aq saylaushylardyng erik bildiruin anyqtau mýmkin emes bulletenider jaramsyz dep tanylady» dep kórsetilgenine qaramastan songhy Parlament mәjilisining saylauynda «Ruhaniyat» partiyasynyng atauy syzylghan bulletenider arqyly saylau ótkizilgenin aitsaq ta jetkilikti. Osy mәselening ózi 5-shaqyrylymdaghy Parlament Mәjilisining júmysyn jaramsyz dep tauyp, taghy da taratyp jiberuge negiz bola alady.
Konstitusiyanyng 1-babyna qayta oralsaq, Qazaqstan ózin qúqyqtyq memleket retinde ornyqtyrghysy keledi. Qúqyqtyq memleket ornatudyng negizgi qaghidasy - zangha baghynu, zannyng oryndaluyn qamtamasyz etu jәne әdil sot jýiesin qalyptastyru bolsa kerek.
Konstitusiyanyng 14-babynda zang men sot aldynda júrttyng bәri teng ekeni jazylghan. Al endi osy babqa oray el ishinde ýlken dau tughyzghan eki adamnyng birdey qylmysyn alyp kóreyik. 2009-jyly belgili qúqyq qorghaushy Evgeniy Jovtis abaysyzda kólikpen qaghyp ketip, bir adamnyng ólimine sebepshi bolghany ýshin 4 jylgha bas bostandyghynan aiyryldy. Al mas qalpynda alty adamdy qaghyp, bir adamnyng ólimine sebepshi bolghan Maqsat Ýsenov bostandyqqa shyqty. Alty adamgha zardap shekkizip, qylmys ornynan qashyp ketken M. Ýsenov sottalmaghanymen qosa 2015-jyly mashina ruline qayta otyruyna bolady. Al qylmysy tolyq dәleldenbegen Aron Atabek (Edigeev) 18 jylgha bas bostandyghynan aiyryldy. Múnday mysaldardy myndap keltiruge bolady.
Múnyng bәri basqa zandardy aitpaghannyng ózinde Konstitusiyanyng normalarynyng oryndalmaytynynyn, búrmalanatynynyng nemese oghan qayshy zandardyng ómirge keletindigining saldary bolsa kerek.
Eng tang qalarlyghy bizding «qúqyqtyq» memlekette Konstitusiyany oryndamaghan, búzghan, búrmalaghan jeke nemese zandy túlgha, lauazym iyeleri ne әkimshilik, ne qylmystyq jauapkershilikke tartylmaydy. Sebebi, onday normalar belgilenbegen.
QR «Prokuratura turaly» zanynyng 1-babynda «Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng prokuraturasy memleket atynan Respublika aumaghynda zandardyn, Qazaqstan Respublikasy Preziydenti Jarlyqtarynyng jәne ózge normativtik qúqyqtyq aktilerding dәl jәne birynghay qoldanyluyna, jedel-izdestiru qyzmetinin, anyqtama men tergeudin, әkimshilik jәne atqarushylyq ister jýrgizuding zandylyghyna joghary qadaghalaudy jýzege asyrady» dep jazylyp túr. Alayda Prokuratura búl mindetin oryndap otyr dep aita almaymyz.
Prokuratura qyzmetkerleri key jaghdayda zandy ózderi óreskel búzady. Jaqynda QR Bas prokurorynyng orynbasary Iogan Merkeli azamattar jeke narazylyghy ýshin jauapqa tartylmaydy dese http://www.31.kz/video/show/id/736/show/ib, qalalyq prokurorlar astanalyq azamattardyng «Proton» zymyranyn úshyrudy toqtatuyn talap etken jeke narazylyqtary ýshin azamattardy aiypty dep tauyp, jauapqa tartugha qol jetkizdi.
Konstitusiyanyng 1-babynda memleketting eng qymbat qazynasy - adam jәne adamnyng ómiri dep belgilengen. Al 15-bapta «Árkimning ómir sýruge qúqyghy bar. Eshkimning óz betinshe adam ómirin qiigha haqysy joq» dep jazylghan. Búl mәselede Janaózen oqighasyn, Atyraudaghy, Almatydaghy, Almaty oblysyndaghy terrorister men diny ekstremister http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5 dep tanylghan azamattardyng qylmysy dәleldenbesten joyylghanyn eske týsirsek te jetkilikti.
Konstitusiyamyzdyng 1-babynda memleketting eng qymbat qazynasy - adamdardyng qúqyqtary men bostandyqtary ekeni kórsetilgen. Sonday-aq, onyng 12-babynda «Qazaqstan Respublikasynda Konstitusiyagha sәikes adam qúqyqtary men bostandyqtary tanylady jәne olargha kepildik beriledi» dep naqty kórsetilgen. Soghan qaramastan kýndelikti ómirde adamdardyng negizgi Konstitusiyalyq qúqyqtary jii búzylyp jatady.
Konstitusiya boyynsha әrkimning óz qúqyqtary men bostandyqtaryn sot arqyly qorghauyna qúqyghy bar. Alayda sot jýiesining tәuelsizdigi qamtamasyz etilip, sot jýiesindegi jemqorlyq auyzdyqtalyp, sot әdildigi ornamayynsha, búl qúqyqtyng tolyqqandy qorghaluy mýmkin emes.
Bizding «Zayyrly» memleketimizde diny kemsitushilikterge jol berilip, diny kózqarasyna qaramastan saqal qoyghan, qysqa shalbar kiygen azamattargha qúqyq qorghau organdary tarapynan qysym jasalatyny da ótirik emes.
Konstitusiya boyynsha әrkim ózining jeke basynyng bostandyghyna, jeke qadir-qasiyetine qol súqtyrmaugha, әrkimning jeke ómirine qol súghylmauyna, ózining jәne otbasynyng qúpiyasy boluyna, ar-namysy men abyroyly atynyng qorghaluyna, Árkim ózining qay últqa, qay partiyagha jәne qay dinge jatatynyn ózi anyqtaugha jәne ony kórsetu-kórsetpeuge, erkin sóileuge, shygharmashylyqpen ainalysugha, óz elinde erkin jýrip-túrugha, densaulyghyn saqtaugha qúqyghy bar jәne ar-ojdan bostandyghyna, birlesu bostandyghyna, enbek etu bostandyghyna taghy basqa qúqyqtar men bostandyqtargha iye. Ókinishke qaray osy qúqyqtar men bostandyqtar әrdayym, kýndelikti ómirde oryndala bermeydi. Búl – qoghamda týrli kelensizdikterdin, narazylyqtardyng tuuyna múryndyq boluda.
Býgin Konstitusiya turaly, naqtyraq aitsaq onyng bir ghana babynan tuyndaytyn mәselelerdi sóz ettik. Aldaghy uaqytta Konstitusiya turaly, Preziydent pen Preziydenttik biylik, biylikting tarmaqtary men olardyng qúqyq-mindetteri, qúziretteri turaly sóz etetin bolamyz.
(Jalghasy bar)
Maqsat Iliyasúly, zanger, Qazaq Últtyq kenesi tóraghasynyng orynbasary.
Abai.kz