Eki-ýsh kýn búryn men Ýstirtting shynynan Manghystaudyng oiyna qarap túrghan, saq-ghún zamanynyng ghajayyp eskertkishi Bәiti ghibadathanasy turaly jazdym.

Eger "Mongholiyadan kóne týrki zamanynyng ghibadathanasy tabyldy" desem onyng maniyhey me, nestorian ba, maghynasyna da boylamastan qazaq júrty basyndaghy tymaghyn aspangha laqtyryp, FB-da bir-birinen sýiinshi súrap jatar edi;

Eger "Mysyr-Egiypette mәmlýkterding birdenesi tabyldy" degen әngime bolsa Mәdeniyet jәne aqparat ministrligi shúghyl týrde attanyp, qazirgi kýni Sharm-esh- sheyhta Qyzyl tenizge týsip jatar edi;

Eger "Jetisudan Shynghys han mýrdesi tabylypty, monghol degening ótirik eken, Qaraqorym bizde" desem ol keremet sensasiyadan bizding Beksúltannyng quanyshtan jýregi jarylyp, al Ómirbek Baygeldi tirilip keter me edi?

Bәiti әulie turaly әngimege FB-ta birdi-ekili adamdar pikir bildirgeni bolmasa qalghan el tym-tyrys. Osy tym-tyrystyng sebebi nede dep oigha battyq.

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Mәsele bizding basymyzdaghy oilau jәne tarihtanu matrisasynda bolsa kerek. Bizding basymyz batystyq ýlgide orystardyng jasaghan mashinasy deuge keledi. Orys mashinasy degenimiz ne? Ol erteli-kesh mayy aghyp jýretin, qysta qatatyn, jazda qyzyp ketetin, әr jerin symmen baylap, dәnekerlep qoyghan mashina. Biraq negizgi ýlgi Europadan alynghan, ony europosentrizm dep ataydy.

Búl iydeologiyanyng maqsaty qazaqtyn, ózge de týrik elderining tarihyn kóne Túran tarihyna jaqyndatpau. Sebebi HV ghasyrgha deyin myndaghan jyldar boyy adamzat balasy Túran órkeniyetiniing qol astynda, nemese yqpalynda boldy. Tarih ghylymynda әlem biyligi Europagha («hristan mәdeniyeti» dep te qoyady) qaraghan HV ghasyrdan bergi uaqytty «Jana zaman tarihy» dep ataytyny da osy sebepten.

Túran órkeniyeti bir tútas bolatyn, ony siz «Atamyz Alash, keregemiz aghash» dep bastalatyn kez kelgen shejireden kóre alasyz. Shyghystyng úly tarihshysy Rashid ad-din «Jami-at tauariyh» kitabynda adamzat tarihyn: «…týrikter Yafetti Alasha-han (Abuldja-han) dep atady jәne qazir de solay atap keledi jәne osy Alasha-han (Abuldja- han) Núqtyng ne úly, ne nemeresi ekenin anyq bile qoymaydy, biraq sonyng әuletinen ekenine jәne uaqyt jaghynan soghan jaqyn ekendigine kelgende olardyng barlyghynyng da jauaptary bir. Býkil mongholdar, týrik taypalary jәne barlyq kóshpeliler (mәtinde: dalada ómir sýrushiler) sonyng әuletinen taraydy» dep bastaydy.

Endi Euraziya órkeniyteniing kósh basynda túrghan Alasha han eli qay jerdi jaylady, qay jerde qystady degen әngime tuady. Rashid ad din «Alasha-han (Abuldja-han) kóshpeli bolghan; onyng jazghy jaylauy keremet ýlken jәne biyik taular bolyp tabylatyn Ortau men Qaztauy, sol shamada Inandj atty qala bolghan. Alasha (Abuldja) hannyng qysqy qonysy da sol manayda bolghan, Borsyq, Kakiyan y Qaraqúm, ony Qaraqorym dep te ataydy, atalatyn jerlerde. Osy jerge jaqyn Talas jәne Kary-Sayram siyaqty qalalary ornalasqan» deydi.

Ábilghazy bahadýr hannyng «Týrik shejiresi» jogharyda aitylghan әngimeni tolyqtyra týsedi.

Qazaqtyng úly shejireshileri M.J.Kópeyúly, Q.Halid t.b. Alasha han zamanyna qatysty әngimelerge erekshe kónil bólgen. Qúrbanghaly Halid «Alasha han jalpy handardyng babasy, Tatar men mongholdyng atasy,

«Alash, Alash bolghanda,

Alasha han bolghanda.

Qazaq, qalmaq, noghaylar,

Bәri sonda bir bolghan.

Yntymaghy jarasyp,

Jayqún kóldey bay bolghan,

Edil, Jayyq, Oralgha,

Ortan kóldey jayylghan,- deydi. Biz óz basymyz tolyp jatqan derekterge, etimologiyalyq taldau nәtiyjelerine sýienip Alasha han zamany turaly san ret jazyp, onyng bastauyn eneolit dәuirimen, alghashqy jylqyshylyq mәdeniyetpen baylanystyrdyq, biraq sonda da qazaq basyndaghy europosentristik, orystyq matrisany búzu óte qiyn. Qazaq tarihy sanasy Týrik qaghanattarynan arghy dýniyeni kóre almaydy, tarihy kenistigi Mongholiyadan aspay qalady. Qazaq ózi turaly ózgening ne aityp jýrgenine de onsha nazar salmaydy, salsa da tereng taldau jasamaydy. Qyzyghushylyghy kóbinese ózining atasy, odan әri ruy, býgingi kýni jetken biyigi «Shynghys han qazaq» t.b. Búryn tek biz ghana emes, Euraziyanyng ózge týrikteri de Týrik qaghanattaryna maldanyp jýretin, biraq әzirbayjan men armyan arasyndaghy, ózbek pen tәjik/iran arasyndaghy tarihy daular olardyng sanasyn ashty.

Týrikter Mongholiyadan shyqty, Altaydan keldi degen әngime qaydan shyqty?

***

Altay teoriyasy

Europosentrizm birden payda bolghan joq, әuel basta Europa Amerika, Afrika, Australiyany otarlaumen әure boldy da, Aziyagha keyinirek kiristi. Mine, osy kezde HIH ghasyrdyng 80 jyldary Mongholiya jerinen Orhon jazulary tabyldy (Yadrinsev jazbalaryn qaranyz).

Búl runa jazulary Skandinaviya eskertkishteri arqyly búryn da belgili bolatyn, biraq Orhon jazulary týrik tilinde bolyp shyqty. Tomsen ony ózining germandyq runany oqu tәjiriybesine sýienip jәne tastyng ekinshi betindegi qytay iyeroglifterimen salystyryp Orhondy oqydy. Ókinishke oray eshkim Orhon –Enesay jazuynyng saq-ghún tanbalaryna qaray bastaytyn geneziysin zerttemedi. Rasynda da týrik jazuy dayyn qalpynda Mongholiyagha qalay baryp qaldy?! Onyng birneshe jýz-myng jyldyq jetilu joly qayda? Osylaysha Mongholiyadaghy kóne týrik jazu eskertkishterine týrik halyqtarynyng etnogenezi baylandy, arghy tarihty kórsetpeytin biyik dual soghyldy. «Búlar qaydan shyqqan halyq?» – «E, búlar Altaydan kelgender!». Bayyrghy Túran órkeniyetinen týrik halyqtaryn ajyratyp tastau osylay bastaldy. Osy europosentristik diyirmenning tasyn biz endi ózimiz ainaldyryp jýrmiz.

Qazaqstan jәne ózge de týrik halyqtarynyng orta ghasyry Týrik qaghanattaryna qondyryldy. Odan arghy tarih jadydan birtindep óshe bastady. Ghún imperiyalary, saq-ishki oghyz birlestikteri, basqa da әlem tarihynyng kýrdeli kezenderi úmytyldy. Qiyan men Nýkis úrpaqtarynyng tau shatqalynda qamalyp qalghan oqighasy esterinizde me, olardyng ot jaghyp, qorghasyn taudy eritip shyghatyny. Býgingi kýni de bizge europosentrizm, orys tarihshylarynyng qúryp qoyghan qaqpandarynan basqasha shyghu mýmkin emes.

Bәiti ghibadathanasy sol qorghasyn taudy eritetin ghajayyp eskertkishterding biri. Áuliyeni ainala túrghan 70 -ten asa syntas (balbal tas, tas qúday) Úly Túrannyng 70 – ten asa iri etnostarynyng ókilderi, al Bәitiden tabylghan 350- den asa tanba Orhon-Enesay jazuynyng atasy men anasy dep biliniz. Bәiti bizdi Kaspiyding batys jaghalauy, Kishi Aziya men Europa, Mysyrgha deyingi jerdi jaylaghan týrik halyqtarmen, eskertkishterimen, mәdeniyetimen jalghastyratyn altyn kópir.

Qazaq etnogenezi men mәdeniyetining ózegi Mongholiya jeri emes, qazaq bir jaghy Edil-Jayyq, bir jaghy Úly Ertisting beldeui, bir jaghy Alty shahar, bir jaghy Jiydeli-Baysyn arasynda qalyptasqan el. Osy kenistiktegi Topan sugha deyingi jәne odan keyingi eskertkishterding bәri de bizdiki. Eneolit dәuirinen bastap búl tarihy kenistikting iyesi Alash atalatyn qauymdar boldy jәne әlemge iyelik jasady. Áriyne, Orhon-Enesay da eskertkishteri de jalpy týrkilik ortaq tarihy qazyna, biraq ol bizding qazynamyzdyng shekaralyq bóligi. Siz ol qúlpytastardaghy qytay iyeroglifterimen jazylghan mәtinderge de nazar audarynyz.

Biz әli kýnge Resey narrativterimen tarih jasap kelemiz. Mine, jaqynda ghana auzymyz anqayyp túrghanyn paydalanyp Altyn Ordany tygha saldy. Búl orysqa óte paydaly tariyh. Ókinishke oray ózin qazaq tarihshysy dep tanystyratyn, biraq qazaqsha dym sezbeytinder bar, tura HVIII ghasyrdaghyday aragha týsip, orys әdil dep nasihat aityp jýrgen «noghay moldalary» bar. Búl múryndyqty ýzuding jalghyz joly týrik tildi bauyr halyqtardyng birligi, al búl odaqty qúrudyng alghashqy qadamy Túran tarihyn janghyrtu. Óz kezeginde búl iydeya ekonomikanyng eselep ósuine, әleumettik jasampaz belsendilikke, kemel dýniyetanymnyng qalyptasuyna ong әser etedi.

Prof. J.O.Artyqbaev

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