Qazaq jerining 95,5%-da aghash joq. Qalghan 4,5% jerdegi aghashtyng teng jartysy – sekseuil. Qalamyz ben dalamyzda aghashtar assortiymenti az, dekorativtiligi tómen. Az ghana ormanymyzdy jyl sayyn alapat órtter jalmap jatqany taghy bar. Ormanymyzben birge armanymyz órtenude. Aghashtyng manyzdylyghyn kóp adam bilmeydi nemese týbegeyli týsinbeydi. Olar ýshin aghashtar nebary otyn, taqtay, ózidigenen ósip túrghan jay bir jasyl ósimdik. Alayda kýn qatty ysytqan jaghdayda jalghyz aghashtyng kólenkesine tyghylady.

Manaylarda shashylyp jatqan selofan paketter, plastik qaldyqtary ekologiyalyq problema emes, ol nebary basqaru jýiesining nasharlyghynyng kórinisi. Eger qoqysty súryptau, ony baqylau, qayta óndeu mәselelerin jýiege kelitirip, tәrtip pen zandy qataytsa, búl mәsele óz sheshimin tabady. Al naghyz ekologiyalyq problema, ol – topyraqtyng tozuy, sudyng tartyluy, quanshylyq pen qúrghaqshylyq.

AGhASh JÁNE JAHANDYQ JYLYNU

Qazaqstan klimatyn ondaghan jyldar boyy zerttegen Fransiya men Gollandiya ghalymdarynyng boljamyna sýiensek, bolashaqta elimizdi nashar ekologiyalyq ahual kýtip túr (Kazahstan mojet prevratitisya v samyy jarkiy y zasushlivyy region na planete).

Jerding tozuy, CO₂ dengeyining kóterilui asa qatty qarqynmen jýrip jatyr. Qúrghaqshylyq pen quanshylyqtyng aldyn alu ýshin radikaldy qadamdar jasap, dalamyzdy da, ekonomikamyzdy da «jasyldandyrmasaq» jaghday qiynday týsedi – dep, kenes beredi.

Jahandyq jylynu — jerding betindegi ortasha temperaturanyng artuy. Songhy jýz jylda temperaturasy shamamen 1°S-qa artty. Salystyrmaly aitsaq, eger adam temperaturasy 1°S-qa kóterilse denede ylghal joghaltyp, aghza auyryp qalady. Sol siyaqty klimat ne bary bir gradusqa jogharylasa, tabighatqa keri әser qatty bolady. Kýn qatty qyzghanda, jerding betki qabatyndaghy mikroorganizmder joyylyp ketedi. Sondyqtan topyraq kólenkege zәru. Biz ony tek jasyl jelekter, aghashtar otyrghyzu arqyly ghana rettey alamyz. Ol ýshin әueli qoghamda eko sana men daghdy qalyptastyru joldaryn tabu kerek.

Bir aghash bir jylda auany 28 keli lastanushy zattardan tazalaydy. 13 000 litr janbyr suyn siniredi de, tasqyndardan saqtaydy. Auany salqyndatu jaghynan jyl boyy toqtausyz júmys isteytin 10 kondisionerdi almastyra alady.

AGhASh JÁNE QALA

Astana, Almaty siyaqty iri qalalarda tar jerlerde tyghyz-tyghyz boy kóterip jatqan zәulim túrghyn ýy keshenderi men týrli ghimarattar, aghashtar men basqa da ósimdikterge mýldem oryn qaldyrmauda. Qalalardyng qazirgi qúrylymdyq jýiesi adamdar ýshin emes, kólikter men ghimarattar ýshin jasalghanday. Aulalarda kýn sәulesi men qúnarly topyraq az. Betondalghan tas joldardyng kesirinen ósimdikter keninen tamyr jaya almaydy. Kenistik azaydy, fotosintez búzyldy, ómir sýru ortasy kýrdelenip ketti. Ósimdik bolmaghan jerde topyraqtaghy basqa da tirshilik iyelerine qajetti mikroklimat qalyptaspaydy. Kógaldy jermen salystyrghanda, tasty jerdegi kýn qyzuy birneshe ese joghary.

AGhASh JÁNE SU

Bizding qoghamda «aghashtardy saqtaytyn – su» degen birjaqty týsinik bar. Negizinde su aghashty ústamaydy, kóbine aghash sudy ústaydy. Aghash ósken jerlerde jerasty sulary joghary tartylyp kóterilip túrady. Ormandar qyrqylghan jerlerde topyraq tozyp, qúrghaqshylyq bastalady.

Elimizde jyl sayyn: qysta qatty ayazdan qalalarymyzda qúbyrlar jarylyp, auyldar qar astynda qalady, kóktemde alapat su tasqyny bolady, jazda quanshylyq, qúrghaqshylyq bolady, kýzde alqaptar men ormandar órtenedi. Kóktemdegi qar suyn ústap, saqtap qaluda jәne tasqyndardy boldyrmauda aghashtardyng róli erekshe. Aghashtar kóp ósken jerde qar birden joghalmay aqyryndap erip, sol jerge sinip, jaghalaularda jinalyp, úzaqqa saqtalady.

Osydan nebary 30-40 jyl búryn auyl manyndaghy ózenderding terendiginen túrghyndar atpen óte almaghan eken. Qazir ol jerlerding kóbinde bir tamshy da su joq. Tәuelsizdik alghan jyldary Qazaqstanda kólemi 1 gektardan asatyn 84 000 kól bolsa, qazir sonyng 14 000 ghana qalghan. Al úzyndyghy 1 shaqyrymnan asatyn 44 000 ózender bolsa, qazir 4000 ghana qalghan. Búl óte qorqynyshty jaghday. Eger su bolmasa, Qazaqstan agrarly el bolady degen sózdi birjola úmytu kerek. Su joq jerde auyl sharuashylyghy joq degen sóz.

AGhASh JÁNE AUYL

Elimizde halyq sany jyldan-jylgha arta týsude. Sonymen qatar mal sharuashylyghy da úlghayyp, mal basy da kóbeyde. Soghan say jayylymdyq jer tarylyp, jaghdayy kýnen-kýnge nasharlap barady. Jer jetispegendikten, halyqtyng maly jyl boyy tek qana auyl manynda jayyla berip, topyraqty tozdyryp jiberdi.

Kýn sayyn bir jerge jayylghan orynda maldyng japasy (kóni) sol jerde kóbeye beredi. Ol – ziyankesterge taptyrmas azyq, yaghny jәndikterding shekten tys kóbeyip ketuine әkelip soghady. Ziyankestermen qorektenuge nebir jabayy an, tyshqan, egeuqúiryq t.s.s auylgha jaqynday beredi. Olardan taraytyn aurular, jayylghan malmen auylgha jetip, mal ónimin tútynushy jergilikti halyqtyng densaulyghyna zardabyn tiygizedi.

Osy ziyandy sikldi toqtatudyng birden bir joly – topyraq qúnaryn qayta qalpyna keltiru. Onyng tabighy әri tóte joly – jerimizge kóptep aghash otyrghyzu. Elimizding simvoly jalang dala emes, ormandar boluy kerek! Búl súraqtardy jergilikti halyqqa da, ekologiyagha tikeley payda әkeletin kópfunsionaldy, novatorlyq iydeyamen sheshpese mәsele sozyla beredi.

QYZYL ORMAN JÁNE QAZAQ QYZDARY

Qúrghaqshylyqtan tozyp bara jatqan jerimizdi qútqarudyng amaly – júrtshylyqty innovasiyalyq tәsilmen aghash otyrghyzugha yntalandyru. Úsynylyp otyrghan jobanyng mәni – erekshe әri әdemi birtýsti aghashtardan monohromdyq sayabaq arqyly, adamdargha qorshaghan ortany sýngge baghyttau. Adamdardy әdemi sayabaqqa qyzyqtyru, demalys syilau arqyly aghashty, ósimdikti kulitke ainaldyru.

Osy maqsatta BÚÚDB arqyly jýzege asyrylatyn Ghalamdyq Ekologiyalyq Qorynyng Shaghyn Granttar Baghdarlamasy (GhEQ ShGB) ayasynda «Qyzyl orman» agro-ekoturistik parki – auyldyq aumaqtarda tozghan jerlerdi qayta qalpyna keltiruding jana modeli atty joba bastaldy. Ony «Exclusive Fund» jeke qory jýzege asyrady. Almaty oblysy, Talghar audanynda bolatyn «Qyzyl orman» agro-ekoturistik park kompozisiyasy – kóktemnen kýzge deyin qyp-qyzyl bolyp túratyn qyzyljapyraqty aghashtar men japyraghy kýzde qyzaratyn aghash-bútalardan jәne qyzyl gýlderden túrady.

Joba qyzylaghashtar múrajayy syndy ishki-syrtqy turisterdi tartatyn ólkemizding «vizit kartasyna» ainalmaq. Baqtaghy aghash-bútalardyng barlyghy hanymdargha qúrmet retinde qazaq әielderi esimimen atalatyn bolady. Sonymen qatar qyzyl jemister beretin aghashtar alleyasy da jasalady. Otyrghyzatyn aghashtardyng súrpy men týrleri elimizde aldyn ala aprbasiyadan ótken, audandastyrylghan. Endi keshendi týrde jýzege aspaq. Qazirgi belgili ekspertter men ghalymdar, landshaftnikter búl joba iydeyasymen tanys jәne birigip júmys isteuge mýddeli. Joba QR Ekologiya jәne tabighy resurstar ministrine, QR Auyl sharuashylyghy ministrligine tanystyryldy.

«BIR AUYL. BIR GEKTAR. BIR SAYaBAQ»

Jobanyng tikeley maqsaty bir gektar jerde auyldyq aumaqtarda tozghan jerlerdi qayta qalpyna keltiruge baghyttalghan «Bir auyl. Bir gektar. Bir sayabaq» qoghamdyq-jekemenshik sayabaqtyng tiptik ýlgisin jasau. Joba ayasynda jekelegen azamattar, jergilikti qauymdastyqtar, qoghamdyq úiymdar, kompaniyalar, auyl-audan әkimderine osy modeli nasihattalady. Áriyne ol barlyq jerde qyzyl aghashtardy qaytalau degendi bildirmeydi. Mýmkin bireu tek qana emen, qaraghay, aqqayyng baghyn nemese jәy qarapayym baq jasauy mýmkin. Týpki maqsat aghash otyrghyzu arqyly topyraq tozuynyng aldyn alu, gýl ósiru mәdeniyetin, ekologiyalyq sana men daghdy qalyptastyru.

Eldimekenderde maman tapshy, key súraqtardyng jauabyn bilmegendikten kópshilik búl baghytqa bara bermeydi. Sondyqtan biz bir gektar jerdi ólshem retinde alyp – әr jerding klimatyna baylanysty qanday aghashtar eguge bolatyny, sorttar men týrlerin qaydan tabu kerek, kýtip-baptau tәsilderi, topyraq qúnaryn arttyru men su ýnemdeu tehnologiyalaryn paydalanu reti, sayabaqtyng smetasy, júmsalatyn uaqyt pen enbek shyghyndary turaly dayyn tehnologiyalyq paket jasalmaq.

Jana tehnologiyalardy tәjiriybege engizu arqyly túraqty sharuashylyq jýrgizu әdisterine oqytu, jeke sayabaqtardyng auyldyq jerde kәsipkerlikke jol ashyp, jana balamaly tabys kózine ainalatynyn, ekologiyalyq jәne ekonomikalyq tiyimdilik әkeletinin týsindiru sharalaryn jýrgizu kózdelude.

Qazaqstanda adam qolymen jasalghan turistik obektiler az bolghan son, kópshilik jabayy tabighatta demalady. «Dubay parkine» barghan siyaqty adamdardyng aghash, gýldermen maqtanyp týsken fotosuretterin kórmeymiz. «Qyzyl orman» agro-ekoturizm sayabaghynda týrli mýsinder, pergola, arka, konstruksiyalar men installyasiyalar, kompozisiyalar, fotozonalar kóptep jasalady. Týrli art jәne әleumettik is-sharalar, balalar sheberlik synyptary, eko-sabaqtar ótkizilmek.

Aydos Amankeldiúly,

«Exclusive Fund» jeke qorynyng diyrektory

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