Qazirgi tanda qoghamymyzda sopy, sopylyq, dәruish, zikir jәne zikirshiler nemese tariqatshylardy islamgha jat dýniyetanymdaghy jeke aghym retinde kórsetu beleng alyp barady. Onyng birinshi sebebi, sopylyq turaly jogharyda aitylghan Batystyq zertteuler men kenestik iydeologiyalyq tújyrymdargha toly әdebiyetter ekendigi bolsa, ekinshiden, býgingi qoghamdaghy din qúbylysynyng tabighy kórinisi bolyp tabylatyn diny tanymdyq toptardyng erekshelenui, ózara psihologiyalyq subektivti pikirtalastar dep aitugha bolady. Sopylyqty synap, onyng negizgi ústanymdary men iydeyalaryn joqqa shygharu әreketi de Qúran men hadis shenberinde jýrip jatyr. Yaghni, sopylyq tanymdaghy әrbir úghym, kategoriya, simvoldar men túghyrlardyng Qúranda oryn alyp almaghandyghy negizgi ólshemge ainaldy. Búl jerde tek salafiyler ghana emes, islamdaghy barlyq aghymdar, mazhabtar, tariqattar ózderining negizgi ólshemi retinde Qúrandy tanidy. Sonymen «Mening hikmetterim Qúrannyng mәni» – degen Iasauy ilimi, mәdeniyeti jәne jolyna degen tarihy sanagha qúrmetting ornyna ony qaralau, joqqa shygharu beleng alyp otyr. Iasauy mәdeniyeti de Qúrangha negizdelgen. Ókinishke oray býgin ony maqsatty týrde basqasha týsindirip, tanytugha tyrysushylyq tendensiyasy basym. Mine, osy betperde, osy qalyp, búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarynda jii tilge tiyek etiletin boldy.

Qazirgi tanda qoghamymyzda sopy, sopylyq, dәruish, zikir jәne zikirshiler nemese tariqatshylardy islamgha jat dýniyetanymdaghy jeke aghym retinde kórsetu beleng alyp barady. Onyng birinshi sebebi, sopylyq turaly jogharyda aitylghan Batystyq zertteuler men kenestik iydeologiyalyq tújyrymdargha toly әdebiyetter ekendigi bolsa, ekinshiden, býgingi qoghamdaghy din qúbylysynyng tabighy kórinisi bolyp tabylatyn diny tanymdyq toptardyng erekshelenui, ózara psihologiyalyq subektivti pikirtalastar dep aitugha bolady. Sopylyqty synap, onyng negizgi ústanymdary men iydeyalaryn joqqa shygharu әreketi de Qúran men hadis shenberinde jýrip jatyr. Yaghni, sopylyq tanymdaghy әrbir úghym, kategoriya, simvoldar men túghyrlardyng Qúranda oryn alyp almaghandyghy negizgi ólshemge ainaldy. Búl jerde tek salafiyler ghana emes, islamdaghy barlyq aghymdar, mazhabtar, tariqattar ózderining negizgi ólshemi retinde Qúrandy tanidy. Sonymen «Mening hikmetterim Qúrannyng mәni» – degen Iasauy ilimi, mәdeniyeti jәne jolyna degen tarihy sanagha qúrmetting ornyna ony qaralau, joqqa shygharu beleng alyp otyr. Iasauy mәdeniyeti de Qúrangha negizdelgen. Ókinishke oray býgin ony maqsatty týrde basqasha týsindirip, tanytugha tyrysushylyq tendensiyasy basym. Mine, osy betperde, osy qalyp, búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarynda jii tilge tiyek etiletin boldy. Tarihy qúndylyq kózine ainalghan, dәstýrli músylmandyq týsinigimizding ainasy bolghan Iasauy múrasyn aksiologiyalyq qabyldau ayasynan shygharugha úmtylatyn kýshter nemese toptardyng belsendiligi kózge týsedi. Búghan qoghamdaghy din mәselesi, diny tanym men ghylymy tanym arasyndaghy ýilesimdilik pen tepe-tendikting bolmauy sebep bolsa, ekinshi jaqtaghy, yaghni, býgingi sopylyq joldaghylardyng ózderin qoghamgha tiyisti dәrejede týsindire almauy jәne olardyng Iasauy mәdeniyetin jetik mengermeui de osy qúbylystyn  basty komponenti der edik. Búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarynyng din men sayasat araqatynasyna nemqúrayly qarauy jәne dindi sayasy toptardyng qúralyna ainaldyruy da negizgi faktor. Álemdik jaHandyq qúbylyspen birge kele jatqan islamofobiya, terrorlyq әreketting dinge, islamgha negizdeluine kózjúmushylyq, týsine almaushylyq siyaqty psihologiyalyq kedergilerding barlyghy jalpy alghanda diny tanymgha tirelip otyr. Jalpy alghanda sopylyq turaly aitylyp jatqan syndar jana syn emes. Ol sonau VIII-IX ghasyrlardan bastau alatyn fikh pen kәlam, sopylyq pen filosofiya nemese sharighat pen aqiqat arasyndaghy tanymdyq negizder arqyly  payda  bolghan  әli  de  jalghasyp keledi. Sopylyqty jeke din retinde yaghni, islamgha jat basqa aghym retinde kórsetu ýderisi tarihta ýzdiksiz boldy.   Osy  ýderiske  býgingi  Qazaqstan  da  qamtyldy.  Jasandy  jәne maqsatty sufizmofobiya qúbylysy shyn mәninde islamdy órkeniyet, dýniyetanym jәne filosofiyalyq dәstýri bar din retinde qabyldaghysy kelmeytinderding әreketining jemisi. Sopylyqqa, zikirge, әulie týsinigine qarsy shyghu degen Iasauigha, býkil tarihymyzgha, mәdeniyetimizge, sayyp kelgende, qazaq halqyna qarsy shyghu degen sóz. Óitkeni, Iasauiyden bastap MәshHýr Jýsipke deyingi qazaq danalary sopylyq mәdeniyet negizinde oy tolghady  [1, 103 b.] Búl – qazaqtyng dәstýrli músylmandyq týsinigining ainasy sopylyq mәdeniyet degen sóz.
Býgingi qoghamymyzda sopylyqty shiiylermen bir aghym retinde kórsetkisi keletinder de kezdesedi. Al, tariyhqa jýginsek, sopylyqty alghash ret joqqa shygharugha tyrysyp, dúshpandyq jasaghan shiy jәne hariji, ghúlattar, imamiyler, zaidiyler bolatyn. Shyn mәninde «sózding syrtqy qyrynyng «arghy jaghynan» mәn tabudy kózdegen sufiylerding negizgi qaynar búlaghy Qúrannyng mәnine jetu edi. Olardyng metodynda shiiylerding jolyna qaraghanda antropomorftyq, simvoldyq týsindirmeler az bolatyn. Sufiylerding ismailiylerge qaraghanda Qúrandy óte tereng oqyp, úghynudyng eki әdisi arasynda ortaq tústary kóp bolatyn. Kerek deseniz, islam filosofiyasy men sufizm, fikh pen kәlamdaghy Qúrannyng ruhyna jat metodtargha qarsy metod qalyptastyrghan  [2, I. 359 b.].
Sunniyler sopylyqty dәl osy shi’a toptary sekildi joqqa shygharugha asyqqan emes, eshqanday kýpirlik ýkimin de bergen emes. Degenmen Ibn Hanbal, sopylyq turaly syrtqy ghibadatty (zahiry ibadat) әlsiretip, ornyna “tereng oilaudy” (tafakkur) qoyyp damytyp, osylaysha diny paryzdardan (ibaHa) adamdy qútqaryp, ruhyn Allamen әrdayym dostyqta qosaqtap (hulul) din qaghidasyn búzady degen pikir taratty. Ibn Hanbaldyng shәkirti Ábu Zura sopylyqty rafiziylerding erekshe bir aghymy retinde kórsetti. Mutazila kәlamshylary sopylyqtaghy Jaratushy men jaratylghandar arasyndaghy eki jaqty ortaq mahabbat iydeyasynyng maghynasyz ekendigin aityp, búl iydeya teoriyalyq jaghynan antropomorfizmge, praktikalyq jaghynan inkornasiyany negizdeydi dep tapty  [3, 26-31 bb.].
Áytse de sunniyler tarapynan sopylyq tyiym salynghan (haram) aghym retinde tanytylghan joq. Ábu Talip әl-Makkiyding (996 ó.) «Qút-ul-Qulub» (Jýrekting qúty), Ghazaliyding «Ihia-ul-Ulumiy-d-diyn» (Din ghylymdarynyng jandanuy) atty enbekteri búghan mýmkindik bermedi. Ibn Jauziya, Ibn Taymiya, Ibn Qayym siyaqty sopylyqqa jany qas kәlamshy-oyshyldardyng ózderi Ghazaliyding danalyghy, kemeldigi aldynda bas iydi. Sopylyqtyng qas dúshpany Uahhaby aghymynyng qúrushysy, sufy Shaqiyqting ózi «Hatim iyl-Asamgha» týsindirme jazdyrghan  [3, 26-31 bb.].
Sopylyq keyinnen damyghan týrde islamnyng sunny jәne shiy aghymdarynyng ezoteriyalyq tirshiligin óz yqpalynda ústady. Osy mәndegi jazylghan, taratylghan aqparat-derekterge sholu jasap, sopylyqty joqqa shygharghysy keletin toptardyng tanymy men synyna qysqasha toqtalyp óteyik.
Birinshi   syn,    ghibadattyn   formasy  men   mәnine   baylanysty   yaghni, ghibadattyng formasyn anyqtaytyn da, ghibadat etiletin de tek Bir Alla ghana. Búghan dau joq. Búl jerdegi ghibadat formasy degende mәsele zikir turaly bolyp otyr. Ras, islam negizi boyynsha adamzat jәne basqa barlyq jәndikter Allany úlylau, oghan tabynu ýshin jaratyldy. Ár dinde Allagha tabynu formasy әr týrli. Islamda tabynu formasyn uaqytyn ritualdyq negiz retinde anyqtaghan Hz.Múhammed payghambar bolatyn. Sopylar búl ghibadat fenomeni shenberining syrtyna shyqqan emes. Ghibadattyng formasy men uaqytyn sol kýiinde qabyldaydy, sharighatty negizge alady. “Alladan basqa tabynar eshtene joq” (La maghbuda illa Alla) dep zikir salady. Ghibadattyng mәni men manyzyn, maqsaty men negizgi iydeyasyn tereng týsinedi. Olardyng ruhany jattyghulary ghibadatqa barar joldaghy ruhty әr týrli kedergiler men alandaushylyqtan aryltudyng metody ghana. Árbir zikir, sama jýrekti shynayy ghibadat etuge dayyndap, Alla men adam arasyndaghy baylanys tiregin kýsheytuding qúraly ghana.
Ekinshi syn, sopylyq payghambardyng sýnnetine, formasyna, sharighatqa sәikestigi nemese qayshylyghy: mysaly: zikir salu (Alla, Alla, hu, hu) ólen, raks, sama, shan, rubab – búlardy kýnaHarlyq dep qaraydy. Búlar biydghat, yaghni, dinge keyinnen engen janashyldyq.
Sopylyqtyng alghashqy dәuirin degdarlyq (zuhd) kezeni deymiz. Degdarlyq sózdik túrghydan kónil bólmeu, azyrqanu, tәrk etu, odan bet búru degen maghynagha keledi [4, 150-151 bb.]. Al degdarlyqtyng termindik mәni – aqyretke bet búru ýshin dýniyeden bezu, qansha bay bolsa da, kónilinde dýniye, mýlikke, nәpsining qúmarlyghyna boy aldyrmau, shynayy diny ómir saltyna layyq, naghyz dindar bolu degen maghynalargha keledi [5]. Degdarlyq Hz.Payghambar kezinde de bolghan. Osy degdarlyq sopylyqtyng alghashqy týri, kezeni. Degdarlyq tirshilik islamda uaqyt óte kele payda bolghan qúbylystarmen paralleli damydy. Qúran men hadiste degdarlyq turaly ayattar men payghambar oilary kóptep kezdesedi. Mysaly, “Barlyq pende óledi... Dýnie ótkinshi, aldamshy qyzyqtan basqa eshtene joq” [6, 3/185]. “Búl dýniyening qyzyghy ótkinshi jәne óte az (qysqa), aqyret bolsa (o dýniye) Allany jýreginde úyalatqandar ýshin óte qayyrly. Sizge әli aqyl kirmegen be? [6, 6/32] ”, “Aqyretke qaraghanda búl dýniyening nyghmetteri óte az, ótkinshi әri aldamshy bolsa da, olar (mol yrys berilgender) dýnie nyghmetterine quanady [6, 13/26]. Búl dýnie bir oiyn, qyzyq, ótkinshi, al aqyret, mine, naghyz ómir. Átten, (olar múny) bilmeydi [6, 29/64] ”. Osy mәndes ayattar kóp. Sopylar osy ayattardy ózderining “dýniye-jalghan” týsinikterine arqau etip alghan. Onyng ýstine “dýniye” sózdik túrghydan Alladan eng úzaq jer degen maghynagha    keledi.   Sopylardyn   jaratylys   konsepsiyasynda   adam,    ruh әleminen osy dýniyege synaq ýshin jiberilgen. Osylaysha, ruh әleminde Allamen birge “baqyt júrtynda” ómir sýrip jatqanda osy dýniyege eriksiz jiberilgen.
Endi Allany eske alu, zikir, pikir etu mәselesine keleyik. Zikir, zikir salu Qúranda bar. Hadiste bar. Zikir turaly ayat kóp: Qúrannyng jeti atynyng biri – zikir.   “... Azyqtyn   en   abzaly  –  zikir.   Qajylyqta  da  meni eske alyndar”
[6, 2/198]. “Atalarynyzdy eske alghanday meni eske alyndar” [6, 2/200], “Qauipten qútylghanynyzda sizge bilmegenderinizdi ýiretken Allany eske alyndar” [6, 2/238-239], Jer men Kókting jaratyluy, kýn men týnning auysyp kelui turaly otyrsa da, jýrse de, jatsa da Allany eske alghandar, kók pen jerding jaratylysyn tereng oilaghandar. “Ey, Jaratushymyz, sen búlardy mәnsiz maqsatsyz jaratpadyn. Sen úlysyn. Bizdi tozaqtyng azabynan saqta» degen kónil iyeleri ýshin aighaqtar bar” [6, 3/190-191]
“Sen Jaratushyndy, ishinnen, óte nәzik dauystap, tanerten, keshke Allany zikir et!” [6, 7/205]. Demek zikir – Allany eske alu, Allanyng búiryghy. Sharighatta bar degen sóz.
Al endi islam tarihynda bi, muzyka haram deushiler bolghan. Býgin olardyng syndary men minderi qúnsyzdanghan. Sebebi býgin din ghylym retinde ótkenge qaraghanda әldeqayda damydy. Ekzistensiya filosofiyasy, din fenomenologiyasy men psihologiyasy әr qúbylysynyng tanymy, ústanym men múratyn anyqtay alatyn satygha kóterildi. Áriyne, diny tanym tabighaty jaghynan kýrdeli, әri uaqyt pen kenistik, dýniyetanymdyq mәdeny kópqabattylyqty da óz ishinde qamtidy. Sondyqtan islam eshqashan muzykany jatsynbaghan. Islamda muzyka ómirding ózi. Jaratylys sol muzykadan bastalghan. Islam әleminde muzykanyn, teoriyalyq jәne filosofiyalyq teoriyalaryn qamtityn zertteulerdi Ábu Nasyr әl-Faraby atamyz jasaghany belgili. Búl biz ýshin ýlken múra. Iasauiyding muzykalyq tújyrymy tikeley әl-Farabiyding saz filosofiyasyna negizdelgen. Raks – ritualdyq bi, sama diny әuen tyndau – Allany eske aludyn, ruhany shabyt shaqyrudyng әdisteri ghana. Al әdis eshqashan múrat bolmaghan.
Salafiylerding taghy bir syny – «jýnnen kiyim kii Hz.Isanyng joly, al, Hz.Múhammed jolyndaghylar maqtadan kiyim kiygen», – deydi. Búl jerde salafiylerding osy syny qisyngha syimaytyn naghyz sofistika. Jýn mәselesi tónireginde hadisterdi saralap qaraytyn bolsaq, Hz.Múhammed payghambardyng jýnnen toqylghan shapany, ólerinde de ýstinde jýnnen tigilgen kiyimi bolghany belgili. Mysaly, Urva bin Mughira ózining әkesinen estigen hadiste Hz.Múhammed payghambardyng jýn shapany bolghandyghyn aitady [7].
Taghy bir hadiste Ábu Burda bylay deydi: Hz.Ayshanyng janyna bardym. Bizge býktelgen jýnnen jasalghan kiyim, qalyng jeyde berip túryp, “RasulullaH (payghambar)  jan tәsilim eterde osy kiyimdermen jatqan edi” [8, 10 b.]. Ábu Musa al-Ashary bylay deydi: “Hz. Payghambar esekke minetin, jýnnen kiyim kiyetin, qoy baghatyn, shaqyrghan jerden qalmaytyn” [9, 20 b.]. Ibn Abbas, sahabalardyng kóbining jýnnen kiyim kiygendigin, júma kýnderi ghúsyl jasaudyng qajettiligining sebebin sol jýn kiyimderding terden sasityndyghyna negizdepti [10, 128 b.].
Kelesi bir synda, sufy sózi islamgha grekting “sofiya” (danalyq) sózinen engen deydi. Sopylyq – әr týrli aghymdar men filosofiyalyq mektepterding iydeyalarynyng qosyndysy. Osylardy islammen aralastyryp, ózderin músylmanmyn dep kórsetedi. Grek panteizmi sopylyq doktrinalardyng negizi,
neoplatondyq ilimi osy sopylyqqa enip, tәrjime arqyly qabyldandy. Búghan
filosofiya kinәli. Maniyheylik pen sopylyq – Irannyng negizgi tanymy. Vedanta ilimi de sopylyqta bar. Islam dәuirining alghashqy ýsh ghasyrynda “sufi” úghymy bolghan emes. Islamgha keyinnen engen filosofiya jәne basqa dinderdegi ruhany kemeldik, qúdaylyq núr, qúdaylyq tanym – maghrifat, Allamen ruh arqyly qosylu barlyghy biydghat. Búl iydeyalar sabiiyn, qaysaniyler, karamitter men batiniyler arasynda keng tarady. Sufy iydeologiyasynda Qúrannyng syrtqy jәne ishki mәni bar (Zahiyr, Batiyn). Búl shialar men batiniylikten engen. Olargha jalqaulyq, enjarlyq, qayyrshylyq tәn. Keremetteri de biydghat, siqyr. Olar Alla jolynda jihadtan qashady.
Shyndyghyna kelsek, sufy úghymy payghambarymyz dәuiri kezinde jәne odan búryn da bolghan. Al osy úghymnyng ishki mәnin toltyrghan islam boldy. Sufiylik Qúranmen kóktep, damydy, tamyryn Qúrannan aldy. Búghan talas bolmau kerek. Óitkeni, sopylyqtyng alghashqy kezeni zuhd (degdarlyq) turaly jogharyda jetkilikti dәrejede toqtalyp óttik. Árbir mәdeniyet bir jaghynan ózining qasiyetti kitabymen tikeley baylanysty. Batys mәdeniyetining negizinde Injil bolghany siyaqty islam mәdeniyetining negizinde Qúran bar. Islam filosofiyasy, mәdeniyeti men órkeniyetining eng manyzdy qyry bolyp tabylatyn sopylyqtyng negizgi irgetasy – Qúran. Sopylyqty tarihy prosess ishinde saralasaq, basqa mәdeniyettermen, dýniyetanymdarmen ishinara baylanysta bolghandyghyn kóruimizge bolady. Biraq, sopylyq jolyndaghylar ýshin eng bastysy әri manyzdysy Qúran Kәrimning búiryghy, kórsetken joly men úsynystary  [11, 49 b.]. Sondyqtan Qúran músylmandar ýshin mәni men manyzy, orny men roli birinshi orynda túratyn Allanyng sózi – kәlam (logos). Sopylyqtaghy Qúrannyng әseri de ózge islam ghylymdary siyaqty eng basty jәne eng manyzdy faktor bolyp qala beredi.
Filosofiya Tәnirding transsendentalidylyghyn basa kórsetip, eshnәrsening oghan úqsamaytyndyghyn eske salady. Muhiddin Ibn al-Araby “Futuhatu-l Makkiya” degen enbeginde”...bir bolmysty әsemdigi ýshin sýiesin, únatqanynyz Tәnirden basqasy emes, óitkeni ol absoluttik әsem-kórkem bolmys”  [12, 34 b.] – degen. Osylaysha býkil qyrymen mahabbattyng maqsaty tek Tәniri ghana. Shahadat kәlamy – “ashhadu anna la ilaha illa Alla” yaghni, «Tәnirden basqa shynayy qúdaydyng joq ekenin» eskertedi. Nәtiyjede Tәnirden basqa kórkemdik, әsemdik te joq. Tәnirding ózin kórmesek te, jýregimizde mahabbat úyalatqan, ózin kórsetu ýshin tandaghan jaratylghan-kosmosta ony (Tәnirdi) kóre alamyz  [13, 300 b.].
Negizinen alghanda islamnyng moralidyq-etikalyq jelisi – sopylyqtyng ózegi. Sopylyqtyng irgetasy bolyp tabylatyn tәuba, zuhd, sabyr, shýkir, muhabbatullah, muhafatullah siyaqty әrbir músylmannyng kemeldigining sebebi, imannyng ainasy bolghan sipattarmen qosa, zikir-tәspiyh, tәuekel-tәsilim, tereng oi, ózin ózi baqylau (múraqaba), yqylas ispettes terminder men amaldar Qúrannyng negizgi jelisi, ózegi. Búl da sopylyqtyng qalyptasuynda Qúrannyng rólin kórsetetin eng manyzdy ústyndar. Búl aqiqatty músylman zertteushilerin qospaghanda syrtqy Batys zertteushileri de dóp  basyp  kórsetken. Mysaly,  Nikolison “Qúranda sopylyqqa shynayy
negiz bolatyn ayattar kóp”  [14, 112 b.] dese, Massinieon, Rojer Garaudy de “sopylyq hristian mistisizminen alynbaghan, neoplatonizmge negizdelmegen, Ýndi danalyghynan tuyndamaghan, sopylyqtyng kózi – Qúran  [15, 38-42 bb.] ” deydi. Hujuiry (470/1077) sopylyqty synaushylargha bylay deydi: “Eger olar, tek osy ataudy ghana joqqa shygharatyn bolsa, onda túrghan tandanarlyq eshtene joq. Al, eger olar sopylyqtyng ishki mәnin joqqa shygharsa, onda Hz. Payghambardyng (s.a.s.) sharighatyn tolyq, onyng barlyq kórkem minezi men ahlaqyn joqqa shygharady. Búl ýlken qate... [16,54 b.] ” Shyndyghynda sufiyler, sopylyqty tútastay yqylas, aiqyn iman, Qúran men Sýnnet shenberinde qúdaylyq etikany iygeru, kórkem minezdi bolu retinde anyqtaghan. Maqsattary – qúdaylyq tanym (maghrifatullah) jәne Qúdaydyng rizalyghy.
Jalpy sopylyqqa syn aitushylar onyng islamgha ýilespeytin qyrlary kóp deydi:
Alla mәni jaghynan bar jerde, búl Qúrangha sәikes emes. Taha sýresining 5-shi ayatynda “Alla, taqta otyrady”. “Alla ózining bilimi, kóru, estu, qabiletimen” bar jerde dese de bolady!!! Mәni, ózi taqta bir jerde otyrady-mys.
Búghan Qúran ayattarymen jauap berer bolsaq: “Kókte de, jerde de – Tәnir – Alla”. Búdan basqa Allanyng al-Ahiyr, al-Zahiyr, al-Auual, an-Batin jәne t.b. esimderi bar. Osyghan qarap-aq jogharydaghy synnyng negizsiz ekendigin kóruge bolady.
Taghy olar, sopylyq dýniyetanymdaghy Alla búl әlemdi Múhammed ýshin jaratty degen tújyrymdy qabyldaghysy kelmeydi. Sebebi, búl tújyrym Qúrangha sәikes emes, deydi. Bizding oiymyzsha, Allanyng ózi Hz.Múhammedti adamzattyng tәji dese, әlemdi Alla adam ýshin jaratsa, adamzat ýshin rahmet retinde jiberilgen Múhammed payghambar bolsa, búl sózding Qúrannyng mәnine sәikes kelmeytin eshtenesi joq. 
Taghy bir syn boyynsha, sopylardyng әuliyelerge tabynuy, molalardy ziyarat etui, ólikke eskertkish ornatuy, dúgha, zikir jasauy, túmar taghu, siqyr – olardyng islamgha әkelgen biydghattary. Búl sharighatqa dúrys emes. Sopylyq eng ýlken shirk, yaghni, kópqúdaylyq negizdegi islamgha jat, tauhidten alys diny tanym. Islamy birlik pen uniyversaldyqty búzu ýshin sopylyqty islamnyng ezoteriyalyq qyry, islam mistisizmi dep kórsetedi. Sopylyqta shayh pen murid baylanysy óte kýrdeli. Shayh Alla men murid arasyndaghy deldal. Búl da Qúrangha jat týsinik. Tariqattar músylman ýmmetin bóletin, ózara dúshpan, qyz berip, qyz alyspaytyn top. Syrtqy dúshpangha jem boluymyz sopylyqtan, shayhtar músylmandardy aldap, ózine qúl etedi. Músylmandy aldau – kýnә. Shayh muridti óz tariqaty, әleminen tys әlemnen qorshap, basyn ainaldyrady. Áuliyeler de Alladan habar alatyndyghyn aitady. Alladan habardy tek payghambarlar ghana alady. Búl dúrys emes. Eger barlyq әlem Alla bolsa, onda ósimdik, jan-januarlar da Alla bolar, búl týbirimen qate, shirk, kýpirlik. Búrys pen dúrysty, jaqsy men jamandy baghalap  ajyratu  ýshin  kriyteriy  –  ólshem  retinde  ishki  jeke  intuisiyany
qabyldaydy» dep, sopylyqty synaushylar osy qúbylystardy aiyptaydy. Shyndyghyna kelgende islam filosofiyasynda tanymnyng kózi – jýrek. Jýrekting sipattary Jan, Men, Aqyl. Jaqsy men jamandy, dúrys pen búrysty ajyratatyn aqyl. Aqyl – Alladan berilgen quat. Ólshemi – Qúran. Aqyl jýrekke kelgen habarlardy (hatara) Qúran núrynda tekserip, sharighat tarazysyna tartyp, qaysysyn alu kerektigin aitady. Búl islamnyng ózeginde jýrip jatqan ýzdiksiz ýderis. Sopylar da ólshem retinde Qúrandy tanidy. Jýrek obektini tanushy bolghandyqtan, ózining alghan mәlimetterining dúrystyghy men búrystyghyn, jaqsysy men jamanyn Qúran qalybyna salyp sodan keyin baryp qajettisin qabyldaydy.

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Qúranda jaqsy men jaman, aram men adal joldardyng negizgi ústanymdary men etikalyq negizderi qamtylghan. Sufy ózining boyynda osy moralidyq qúndylyqtardy somdau, hәlin ózgertu, jaqsygha úmtylu, izgilikting ózine oralu maqsatynda ózining ruhyn ýnemi baqylap otyrady. Al baqylaudyng ólshemi de Qúran. Óitkeni, ózindi-ózing baqylau jәne “syrttan baqylau” ekeui birinsiz biri bolmaytyn sharttyng eki komponenti. Jýrek ózining aqyl, jan jәne men sipattary arqyly әlemdegi bolyp jatqan ózgerister men ýndestik qúra alatyn dәrejege jetuge úmtylady. Búl әreket tolyghymen moralidyq-praktikalyq jattyghu arqyly mýmkin bolatyn nәrse.
Búlar salafiyler men uahhabiylerding ózgermeytin tanymynan qaghidashyl ústanymynan tuyndaghan syndar. Islam – ómir filosofiyasy, qoghamnyng әrbir mýshesining eng úly kisilik, qúndylyq iyesi bolyp qalyptasuyna, adamdy sýiyge, әdilet, adaldyq, basqa dinge qúrmet pen tózimdilik týsinigin egetin din. Sol ýshin islamnyng tarihyn, jýrip ótken jolyn, ózimizding osy joldaghy ata-babalarymyzdyng islam órkeniyetine qosqan ýlesin tanu – әrbir músylmannyng paryzy. Biz zertteushiler últtyq tәuelsizdigimizdi bayandy etu maqsatynda qoghamdaghy әrbir adamgha jalpy adamdyq qúndylyqtardy, islamnyng negizderin uaqyt pen kenistik talaby shenberinde týsindirumen qatar, islamdaghy ziyandy aghymdardyng negizgi strategiyasyn, mýddesin qoghamdyq payda túrghysynan ashyp kórsetuimiz qajet.
Uahhaby ókilderining aldaryna qoyghan maqsattarynan, kózqarastary men qozghalys-әreketterinen olardy sektalyq jәne sayasy mәndegi aghym ekendigin kóruimizge bolady. Olar tarihta doktrinalary men maqsattary túrghysynan “Allany birleushiler” (muahhiddun), payghambardyng jolyndaghylar (salafiuun) nemese uahhabtyng jolyndaghylar (uahhabiun) degen atpen belgili. Búl aghymnyng qalyptasuyna sol dәuirding qoghamdyq, ekonomikalyq, diny jәne sayasy jaghdaylary sebep boldy. Aghymdy negizdegen Múhammed Ibn Abduluahhab HVIII ghasyrdyng ortalarynda Ortalyq Arabstanda Najd jәne al-Hasa aimaqtarynda qozghalys jetekshisi boldy. Búl aghym negizinen arab últshyldyghyn, Osman imperiyasynan azat bolu iydeyasyn tu etip kóterdi. Búl aimaqta eshqanday imperiyanyng yqpaly bolmady. Jeke-jeke taypalardan qúralghan arabtardyng basyn qosyp, bir iydeologiyagha biriktiru, últ jaratu, ortaq mýdde, últtyq memleket qúrugha negizdeldi.
Degenmen  Uahhabi  aghymynyn  doktrinalyq   negizi   islam   tarihynda
erterek bastalghan bolatyn. Demek, Abduluahhab óz iydeyasyn aspannan alghan joq. Búl iydeya sunni, hanbaly mazhaby negizinde qalyptasyp, damydy. VIII-IH ghasyrlarda islam dogmatikasyna qauip tóngen shaqta, Qúran men Sunnanyng tazalyghyn jaqtap fiyqh mektebin qúrghan Ibn Hanbal tarihta “Islamdy biydghattardan qútqarushy” degen atpen qaldy. Osy prinsip uahhabiylerding basty ústanymyna ainaldy. Abduluahhab Hanbaly ústanymy negizinde ózining dini, sayasy aghymyn qúrdy.
HIV ghasyrda ómir sýrgen Taqiuddin Ibn Taymiya da Ahmad Ibn Hanbaldyng doktrinasynyng jayyluyna kóp enbek etken. Onyng kózqarasy boyynsha әuliye-әnbiyelerdin, payghambarymyz Múhammed (s.a.s) qabirin ziyarat etuge qarsy shyqty. Ibn Taymiya Hanbaly mazhabynyng reformatory retinde keybir mәselelerde hanbaly aghymyna ýilespeytin iydeyalar taratty. Qúran men Hadisten basqa negizderdi moyyndamady. Sol sebepti qazylar tarapynan qughyndaldy, qapasqa jabyldy. 1328 jyly týrmede qaytys boldy. Ibn Taymiya aghymy óz dәuirinde radikaldy eseptelgendikten oghan erushiler onsha kóp bolmady. Ibn Taymiya iydeyasyn Ibn Qayim al-Jauziya siyaqty shәkirtteri әri qaray jalghastyrdy. Osy túghyrlar Múhammed Abduluahhab tarapynan uahhaby aghymynyng teoriyalyq negizine ainaldy. Uahhaby qoghamdaghy qúbylystar men dini, filosofiyalyq mәselelerdi tereng taldamaydy, bir jaqty tújyrym, ýkim beredi. Olar ýshin Qúran men Sunnadan keyin Ibn Taymiya men Ibn Jauziya enbekteri kodeks retinde qabyldanylady. Biraq, búl ghalymdardy da dúrys týsinip, mengere almaghandary belgili. Abduluahhab “dindi tazalau”, yaghni, payghambar zamanyna oralu maqsatymen óz aghymyn, qozghalysyn úiymdastyrdy. Onyng oiynsha, tek bәdәuy arabtar emes, barlyq músylmandar taza islam doktrinasynan alystaghan bolyp esepteledi. Tauhid jýiesine qauip tóndi. Tauhidti dúrys týsinbeuimizden, úmytuymyzdan sayasi, ekonomikalyq, etikalyq bodandyqtamyz dep týsindi. Payghambar qabirin ziyarattyng ózi tauhid teoriyasyna qarama-qayshy keledi. Dindegi mәselesine basqasha mәn beredi. Uahhabiyler ýshin payghambardyn, әuliyelerding qabirlerin ziyarat etu Allagha serik qosu bolyp esepteledi (shirk). Mysaly, “bas aurugha analigin em” deseniz, búl sóz Allagha serik qosu (shirk) bolyp esepteledi. “Iasauiydey әuliyening qúrmeti ýshin myna dúghamdy qabyl qyl” deseng dinnen bezgensing (mushriksin). Búl óz dininen alys qalghandardy tez baurap alatyn doktrina. Abduluahhab Qúran men Sunna basqa da negizderdi qabyldaytyn mazhabtardy dinge janalyq qosu dep (biydghatshylyqpen) kýstanalaydy. Al, ózderin týsingisi kelmegenderdi nadan (jahiyl), olardyng senimine kirmegenderdi “dinsiz”, jalpy týrkilerding “hanafy mazhabyn kafirlerding mazhaby” dep qaraydy. Olardyng iman mәselesi boyynsha aitqan iydeyalary men ústanymdary músylmandar arasynda týrli týsinispeushilikke aparyp soghuda.
Sonymen uahhabiyler – Qazaqstanda ghasyrlar boyy ómir sýrip kele jatqan dәstýrli hanafy mazhabyna qarama-qayshy kózqarastaghy aghym. Mysaly, biz ómirden ótkenderge, ruhyna Qúran baghyshtaymyz, tariqat, qabirdi  ziyarat  etu,  olargha   belgitas    ornatu    islamgha   jat    dep    uaghyz aitushylar kóbeydi. Búl qoghamdy qayshylyqtar men kelensiz jaylargha aparyp soghuda. Muzyka, teatr, óner, tuylghan kýn toylaudy haram, kýnә dep esepteydi. Uahhaby aghymyndaghylardyng aitqanynday jogharydaghy bizding músylmandyq týsinigimiz Allagha serik qosu (shirk) jәne dinge janalyq qosu (biydghat) bolsa, bizding ata-babalarymyz qay islam dinine sengen?,– degen súraqtar tuyndauy mýmkin.
Qúran men Sunna negizinde: Birinshiden, “biydghat” dep, arab tilindegi sózdik maghynasy “janalyq engizu” yaghni, sharighat túrghysynan payghambarymyz ýiretken islam dininde kezdespeytin is-әreketti aitady. Islam ghúlamalary biydghatty týgeldey joqqa shygharmaydy. Dinge janalyq qosudy (biydghatty) jaqsy jәne jaman dep ekige bólip qarastyrady.
Jaman biydghat dep, ghúlamalar, islam dini negizderi men ghibadat formasyna janalyq engizudi aitady. Mysaly, bes uaqyt namazdy, alty uaqytqa shygharugha nemese eki uaqytqa kemituge bolmaydy. Islamnyng iman, namaz, oraza, zeket, qajylyq jәne t.b. sharttaryna ózgeris engizuine jol joq.
Jaqsy biydghatqa adamnyng aqyly, oi-sanasy, qogham men adamnyng materialdyq, ruhany tirshiligine, kemeldigine ýles qosatyn nәrseler kiredi. Búlar diny jәne dýniyauy damugha yqpal etkendikten dinde rúqsat etiledi. Mysaly, Hz.Múhammed payghambardyng tuylghan kýni (mәulid), tәspi (tasbiyh), salauat (tahliyl), Allany eske alu (zikr), әsem ýilerde túru, tehnia jetistikterinen paydalanu jәne t.b. Uahhabiyler bolsa, payghambar dәuirinde bolmaghan nәrsening bәrin joqqa shygharady. Olargha tútastay biydghat dep qaraydy. Islam eshqashan adamnyng ruhani, materialdy damuyna, kemeldenuine   qarsy   shyqpaydy. Adamnyn    ashqan   janalyqtaryna   Alla sýiispenshilik tanytady. Qúran men Sunnagha onyng talaptaryna say keletin nәrsening bәrin islam “ghúryp” deydi. Yaghni, kórkem, әdemi degen sóz. Barlyq músylmannyng qabyldaghan isi Alla tarapynan da qabyldanady. Eger biz Payghambar dәuirinde bolmaghan, Sunnagha say emes dep, býgingi ghylym men tarihta qalyptasqan tafsiyr, hadiys, fiyqh ghylymdarynan bas tartsaq, mektep, medrese, uniyversiytetke barmasaq, búl taza islamnyng ruhyna absoluttik túrghydan qayshy keledi. Islam qatyp qalghan qaghida emes. Ol adamdy, әsirese, músylmandardyng damuy men kemeldenuine bastaytyn, sonysymen Allanyng qiyametke deyin ýkimi jýretin songhy dini.
Músylman ghúlamalary sopylyq tariqattar turaly onyng kemeldik joly, ar ilimi ekendigin aityp ketken. Sopylyq adamnyng ishki әlemin aryltyp, ony qoghamgha paydaly qylatyn mektep. Payghambar ózi turaly “Álbette, men kórkem moralidy tolyqtyru, ornatu ýshin jiberilgen payghambarmyn” degen edi. Al uahhabiyler sopylyqqa qarsy shyghyp, tariqat mashayyhtaryna yqpal berudi kýpirlik, kýnә dep esepteydi. Ras, Payghambarymyz alghashqyda qabirdi ziyarat etuge tiym salghan. Keyinnen pútqa tabynushylyq toqtaghan son, islam dini músylman qauymynyng jýregine úyalaghan son, qabirdi ziyarat etuge rúqsat etken. Payghambar: “Men sizderdi qabirlerdi ziyarat etuden toqtatyp edim, endi qabirdi ziyarat ete berinder, óitkeni  onda  sizder  ýshin  ghibrat  bar”  degen  edi.  Demek,  alghashqy  islam dәuirinde, pútqa tabynushylyq siyaqty shirkke sebep bolatyn salt-sana basym kezde qabirge ziyaratqa tiym salynghan. Keyinnen ghúlamalar tarapynan qabirge ziyarat jasaudyng qaghidalary degen atpen kitaptar da jazyldy. Demek, islamda qaghidalar, bekitilgen erejeler shenberinde qabirdi ziyarat etu, әuliyelerdi ardaqtau sauapty is eken.
Mazargha qabirtas, eskertkish qoiy mәselesine kelsek, Payghambarymyzdyng ózi Usman Ibn Mazun qaytys bolghanda onyng qabirining ýstine belgi tas әkelip qoyghan. Sebebin súraghandargha “Osy jerden ótkenimizde tasty kórip, Usmandy eske alyp, dúgha qylyp túramyn” degen eken. Demek, dinimizde ólgenderge belgitas qoy sharighatqa jat emes eken.
Ólgenderge Qúran baghyshtau – barlyq músylman әleminde keng taralghan.
Ol ólilerdi eske alu ýshin jasalghan shara, ghibraty, hikmeti mol nәrse. Qúran oqu arqyly ólik shyqqan ýige ózinning onyng qayghysyn bóliskenindi bildiresin.
Payghambar aitady: “Qúran Kәrim oqylghanda jәne Alla Qúran oqyghangha da, ony tyndaghangha da, sauap jazady. Sondyqtan eger, oqushylar mәiitke Qúran baghyshtasa, Alla oqushylargha bergen sauabyn kemitpesten mәiitke de jazady” deydi. Sondyqtan Qúran tiluәty Allanyng sózining saqtaluy jәne islam dinining jandanuynyng bir joly dep qarau kerek.
Qúranda “... Keyingi kelgen әulet ókilderi ózderinen búryn ótip ketken ata-babalaryna dúgha oqyp: Áy, Alla, Bizdi keshir, imanda bizden búryn ótken bauyrlarymyzdyng kýnәlaryn keshir” deydi.
Payghambardyng ózi keybir sýrelerdi mәiitke oqudyng artyqshylyghyn aitqan. Mysaly “Yasin sýresin oqysanyz, mәiitting azaby jenildeydi” (Imam Ahmad Musnadiy).
“Adam balasy qaytys bolsa, onyng istegen sauap amaldary toqtaydy, biraq ýsh nәrse toqtamaydy. Sadaqa-y jariya (jaqsy is) perzentining oghan jasaghan dúghasy jәne paydaly ilimi [17, II] ” Uahhaby iydeyasynyng teoretiygi sanalghan ghúlama Ibn Jauziyanyng ózi, “Aldynghy ýsh ghasyrdaghy islam ghúlamalarynyng jerleu rәsiminen keyin Qúran oqudy ósiyet etken”  [18, 147 b.] deydi.
Tauassul payghambardyng ózi “Áy, Alla, Senen, tek Senen ghana súraushylar ýshin súraymyn” degen edi. Payghambar bir bisharagha: “Áy, Alla, Senen Sening payghambaryng arqyly súraymyn. Áy, Múhammed, Siz arqyly Allagha jalbarynamyn. Áy, Alla, payghambardyng haqqy, ýshin minajatymdy qabyl ete gór” dep dúgha jasa deydi.
Qoryta kele S. Núrmúratovtyng myna bir tújyrymdamasymen oiymyzdy qorytqymyz keledi  [99, 84-99 bb.]. “... Sopylyq qúbylysyna qarsy bolghan memlekettik jýielerde, diny aghymdar da, ghalym zertteushiler de bolghan. Búl qúbylysty qabyldaugha dayyn emes, túrpayy sana onyng ishki syryn ashpay jatyp-aq, opriorly týrde joqqa shygharuy mýmkin. Kәdimgi jan ýshin tenizdegi shalqyp jatqan keng әlemnen ózderine oryn taba almay mazasyzdanghan sopynyng ruhany dýniyesi týsiniksiz bolyp qala bermek”.

ÁDEBIYETTER
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2    Marshall G.S. Hodgson. İslam’in Serüveni. Birinci Cilt. İslam’ın klasik Çağı. 12 yay., İst. 1993.çev: İzzet Akyol ve grup. s. 359
3    Tasavvuf. I.A.C. s. 26-31.
4    Zabizi, Taju-ul Arus. Zuhd bólimi. VIII., 150-151 better.
5    Sarraj, Luma, 72; Kalabazi, Taarruf, 109.
6    Kur’an-i Kerim Meali. TDV,. yayınları. Istanbul. 1998
7    Sahihy Musliym. Taharet 79; Ibn Maja, Taharat, 59; Libas 4. S. 20. D.Selol.
8    Buhari, Hums, 5; Musliym, Libas, 35, Tirmizi, Libas, 10.
9    Hakiym, Mustaddak, I, 61, Zahabi, Talhiys, Haysami, Majmau-z-Zauaiyd, H, 20. s.s. 20.
10    Ábu Dәuit, Taharat, 128.
11    Kara. M. Tasavvuf ve Tarikatlar Tarihi, 49.
12    Arabi Muhiddin. Futuhatü’l Mekkiye. Istanbul. 2002. (Marifet ve Hikmet) III, 303.
13    Karen Armstrong. Tanri’nin Tarihi: Ibrahim’den Gunumuze 4000 yillik Tanri Arayisi. Cevirenler: Oktay Ozel; Hamide Koyukan; Kudret Emiroglu; Ankara: Ayrac Yayinevi., 1998. s.-309.
14    Nicholson, Risala fi’t-Tasavvufo l İslamî, 112.
15    Roger Garandy, İslam ve İnsanlığın Geleceği, 38-42.
16     Hucviri. Kaşf –ul Mahcub., İstanbul, 1982.
17     Buhari, Cum’a/1; Nesâî, Cum’a/1. Mesnevî, IV/171b, by. 525-529, /IV/ 35-36.
18    İbn Kayyim El-Cevziyye. Medâricu’s sâlikîn. Kur’anî Tassavufun esarları 3. cilt. İnsan Yay. İstanbul 1991.   
19    Núrmúratov S. Ruhany qúndylyqtar әlemi: әleumettik filosofiyalyq taldau. –Almaty, QR BGhM Filosofiya jәne sayasattanu instituty 2003. -180-bet. Qoja Ahmet Iasauy ilimindegi ruhany qúndylyqtar jýiesi. 96 b.

Dosay KENJETAY
«TÝRKOLOGIYa» jurnaly, № 1-2, 2008 jyl.