Qazaq handyghynyng tarihynda elding birligin saqtap, aumaghyn keneytu jolynda kýresken handardyng biri - Tәuekel han. Ol XVI ghasyrdyng sonynda, dәlirek aitsaq, 1582 jyldan bastap 1598 jylgha deyin handyqty basqardy.

Onyng biylikke kelui men Ortalyq Aziyada jýrgizgen jaulap alu joryqtary - Qazaq handyghynyng jana kezenge úmtyluynyng belgisi edi. Tәuekel han tek batyr qolbasshy ghana emes, sonymen qatar, kóregen sayasatker retinde tanyldy. Qazaq handyghynyng tútastyghy kýsheyip, halyqaralyq qatynastar jýiesinde aitarlyqtay oryn ala bastady.

Tәuekel hannyng biylikke kelui men tarihy jaghday

Tәuekel han - Jetisu men Syr boyyn mekendegen qazaq rularynyng qoldauymen biylikke kelgen Shyghay hannyng úly. Ol jastayynan әskery isterge beyim ósken tәjiriybeli sardarlardyng biri edi. Shyghay han Búhar handyghymen tyghyz baylanys ornatyp, Abdolla hanmen odaq qúrghan bolatyn. Shyghay hannyng ómirining sonynda Búhar әskerining qúramynda Samarqand mynynda shayqasqa qatysyp, sol arada qaytys bolady. Onyng ornyna balasy Tәuekel biylikke keledi. Osy kezende Ortalyq Aziyadaghy jaghday óte kýrdeli edi. Búhar handyghy, Mogholstan, Qazaq handyghy jәne Qoqan sekildi kýshter arasynda ózara biylik ýshin kýres jýrip jatqan. Shaybany әuletining әlsireui, tartystar men kórshi memleketterding bytyranqylyghy Tәuekel han ýshin tiyimdi tarihy mýmkindik boldy. Ol osy jaghdaydy ontayly paydalanyp,  Qazaq handyghynyng shekarasyn keneytuge kiristi.

Tәuekel han ýshin eng basty sayasy jәne әskery qarsylas Búhar handyghy boldy. Osy memleket sol kezde Orta Aziyadaghy eng quatty sayasy qúrylymdardyng biri edi deuge bolatyn. Sol tústaghy Búhar hany Abdolla II ózining biyligin Mauerannahr aumaghyna, sonyng ishinde Tashkent, Samarqand,  Búhara siyaqty iri qalalargha jýrgizip otyrghan edi. Búl qalalar, tek sauda men medeniyetting ghana emes, sonday-aq, strategiyalyq manyzy bar iri jәne bay qalalar bolatyn.

1580 – 1590 jyldary arasynda Qazaq handyghy men Búhar handyghynyng arasynda birneshe ret iri soghystar boldy. Soghystar kóbine Syrdariya boyyndaghy qalalar Týrkistan, Sauran, Otyrar, Shymkent, Tashkent ýshin jýrdi. Tәuekel han aldymen Tashkent pen Týrkistandy ózining baqylauyna alyp, búl aimaqtarda túraqty biylik ornatugha tyrysty. Týrkistan qalasynyn, Qazaq handyghynyng ruhany jәne әkimshilik ortalyghy etu iydeyasy da osy kezde payda boldy. 1598 jyly Abdolla hannyng densaulyghy nasharlap, memleket ýshinde alauyzdyq kýsheygen tústa, Tәuekel han sheshushi joryq jasaugha bel sheshe kiristi. Ol Búhar handyghyna qarsy jetpis myngha juyq sarbazdan qúralghan әskerdi bastap, Ortalyq Aziyanyng terenine qaray joryq jasady. Qazaq әskeri qysqa uaqytta Sayram, Shymkent, Týrkistan, Tashkent sekildi manyzdy qalalardy tartyp aldy. Áskeri Samarqand pen Búhara qalalaryna deyin jetti.

1598 jylghy joryq Tәuekel hannyng eng iri әskery strategiyalyq qadamy boldy. Osy joryq kezinde Qazaq әskeri Búhargha deyin baryp, qalany qorshaugha aldy. Alayda, qorshau barysynda Tәuekel han auyr jaraqat aldy. Ol jaraqatynan aiyqpay, kóp úzamay qaytys boldy. Osy jaghday joryqtyng sonyna apardy. Biraq, joryqtyng ózi Qazaq handyghy ýshin ýlken jenis bolyp sanaldy.

Tәuekel hannyng joryqtarynyng nәtiyjesinde Týrkistan men Tashkent siyaqty qalalar Qazaq handyghynyng qúramyna ótti. Búl qalalar handyqtyng sauda -  ekonomikalyq әleuetin arttyrdy. Sonymen qatar, búl qalalarda islam dini men qazaq mәdeniyeti keninen damyp ruhany ortalyqqa ainaldy.

Tәuekel han tek әskery is-sharalarmen shektelmey, syrtqy sayasatty da belsendi jýrgizdi. Ol kórshi eldermen, sonyng ishinde Mәskeu patshalyghy jәne Sibir handyghymen diplomatiyalyq baylanys ornatugha talpyndy. Onyng búl әreketi Qazaq handyghynyng halyqaralyq arenadaghy bedelin kóteruge baghyttaldy. Mәskeumen dostyq qarym-qatynas ornatu arqyly Tәuekel han Búhara handyghyna qarsy odaqtas tabugha ýmittendi. Ol Reseyge elshiler jiberip, sauda jәne sayasy qoldau jaghdaylaryn talqylady. Búl syrtqy sayasattaghy kóregendik, Qazaq handyghynyng aimaqtaghy pozisiyasyn kýsheytti.

Aytarymyz, Tәuekel han Qazaq handyghynyng tarihynda erekshe oryn alatyn iri tarihy túlgha. Onyng biylik etken kezeni - Qazaq handyghynyng kýsheyip, Ortalyq Aziyadaghy bedelining artuymen sipattalady. Tәuekel han jauyngerlik qasiyetimen qatar, sayasy kóregendigimen, strategiyalyq oilau qabiletimen erekshelenedi. Onyng Búhar handyghyna jasaghan joryghy, ontýstik qalalardy jaulap aluy, syrtqy sayasattaghy qadamdary Qazaq handyghyn derjavalyq dengeyge jetkizdi. Tәuekel hannyng qaysarlyghy men tabandylyghy, býgingi úrpaq ýshin tәuelsizdiktin, birlikting jәne memleketshildikting jarqyn ýlgisi dep naqty aitugha bolady.

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,

Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi

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