Maqash Tәtimovtyng «Qazaq әlemi» kitaby ne syr shertedi?

Qazaq halqynyng XX ghasyrdaghy taghdyry men býgingi demografiyalyq ahualyn tereng zerttegen irgeli enbekterding biri – kórnekti ghalym, demograf Maqash Tәtimovtyng «Qazaq әlemi. Qazaqtardyng sany qansha?» atty kitaby.

Kókshil-jasyl múqabasy últtyq órnektermen bezendirilgen búl enbek tek statistikalyq jinaq emes, ol – qazaqtyng basynan ótken auyr tarihynyn, ensesin tikteu jolyndaghy kýresining jәne bolashaqqa degen ýmitining ensiklopediyasy. Qazaq ýshin «sanymyz qansha?» degen súraq jay ghana statistikalyq mәlimet emes, búl – últtyq qauipsizdiktin, til men mәdeniyetting saqtaluynyng kepili.

Maqash Tәtimovtyng osy kitapta kótergen basty mәseleleri býgingi Qazaqstannyng әleumettik-sayasy diskursynda әli de ózekti.M. Tәtimovtyng zertteulerining eng auyr әri manyzdy bóligi – 1920-1930 jyldardaghy úly nәubettin, yaghny asharshylyqtyng qazaq halqynyng sanyna keltirgen orny tolmas zardabyn dәleldeui. Ghalymnyng derekteri boyynsha, sol jyldary qazaqtardyng sany eki millionnan astam adamgha kemigen, búl sol kezdegi jalpy halyqtyng jartysyna juyghyn qúraghan.

Ghalymnyng batyl tújyrymy: «Eger asharshylyq, sayasy qughyn-sýrgin jәne ekinshi dýniyejýzilik soghystyng saldary bolmaghanda, qazaq halqynyng sany býginde 32-35 milliongha jeter edi». Búl – qazaq demografiyasyndaghy eng aishyqty әri ashy shyndyq. Kitap osy joghalghan әleuetting saldaryn, yaghny demografiyalyq shúnqyrdyng úzaq jyldar boyy tuu kórsetkishine qalay әser etkenin taldaydy.

Sonday-aq, avtor Kenes dәuirindegi urbanizasiyanyng jәne orys tildi bilim beruding qazaq halqynyng tabighy ósimi men últtyq sanasyna tiygizgen әserin de nazardan tys qaldyrmaydy. M. Tәtimovtyng búl enbegining ereksheligi – ol Qazaqstannyng shekarasymen shektelmey, býkil әlemdegi qazaqtardyng kartasyn jasaydy. Kitapta «Qazaq әlemi» degen úghymdy keneytip, sheteldegi qandastardyng sanyn, olardyng shoghyrlanghan aimaqtaryn (Qytay, Resey, Ózbekstan, Mongholiya, Týrkiya, t.b.) taldaydy. Tәuelsizdik alghannan keyin Qazaqstan ýshin basty mindetterding biri – shettegi qandastardy tarihy Otanyna qaytaru boldy.

Maqash Tәtimovtyng zertteuleri men saraptamalary osy repatriasiya (oralmandardy qabyldau) sayasatynyng ghylymiy-teoriyalyq negizi boldy. Kitapta keltirilgen derekter, әsirese, Mongholiya men Qytaydaghy qazaqtardyng tabighy ósimi joghary ekenin kórsetip, olardy elge shaqyrudyng demografiyalyq jәne ekonomikalyq tiyimdiligin negizdedi. Ghalym oralmandardy tartu arqyly Qazaqstandaghy últtyq ýles salmaqty arttyrugha jәne auyl sharuashylyghy men ónirlerding damuyna serpin beruge bolatynyn dәleldedi.

Tәtimov enbegi oqyrmandargha Qazaqstandaghy qazaqtardyng ýles salmaghynyng qalay óskenin, tuu kórsetkishterining basqa etnostarmen salystyrghandaghy basymdyghyn naqty sandarmen kórsetedi. Mysaly, 1990 jyldary respublika halqynyng jalpy sany qysqarghanymen, qazaqtardyng ýles salmaghy túraqty ósti. Búl, birinshiden, joghary tabighy ósimge, ekinshiden, orys jәne nemis siyaqty etnostardyng kóship ketuine baylanysty boldy.

Ghalymnyng taldauynsha, Qazaqstan – túrghyn tyghyzdyghy tómen memleketterding qatarynda (bir sharshy shaqyrymgha nebary 6-dan sәl asatyn adam). Búl kórsetkish jerding úlan-ghayyr kólemine qaramastan, elding bolashaq ekonomikalyq damuy men geosayasy túraqtylyghy ýshin ýlken mindetter jýkteydi. «Qazaq әlemi» enbegining qúndylyghy onyng tek ótkendi saralap, qazirgini taldauynda ghana emes. Ol bolashaqqa baghyttalghan naqty úsynystar men boljamdar úsynady. Maqash Tәtimov demografiyalyq prosesterdi basqarudyn, últtyq sanany nyghaytudyng jәne әleumettik sayasatty jetildiruding manyzyn ýnemi aityp ótti. M. Tәtimov әrqashan memleketting demografiyalyq sayasaty úzaq merzimdi, túraqty boluy kerektigin eskertti. Ol jas otbasylardy qoldau, kópbalaly analargha jenildikter beru jәne densaulyq saqtau sapasyn arttyru siyaqty sharalardyng manyzdylyghyn basa aitty. Sebebi, últtyq iydeyanyng eng basty tiregi – últtyng ósui, kóbengi jәne úrpaqtyng sapaly boluy.«Qazaq әlemi» kitabynyng әrbir oqyrmany esinde saqtauy tiyis basty oi: әrbir tughan bala – memleketting jәne últtyng bolashaghyna qosylghan ýles. Qazaq halqynyng sanyn arttyru – ýkimettik baghdarlamalardyng ghana emes, әrbir azamattyng últ aldyndaghy azamattyq boryshy.

Maqash Tәtimovtyng «Qazaq әlemi. Qazaqtardyng sany qansha?» kitaby – qazaq demografiyasynyng «altyn qory». Búl enbek bizdi ótken qatelikterden sabaq alugha, qazirgi mýmkindikterdi tiyimdi paydalanugha jәne bolashaqty josparlaugha shaqyrady. Demografiyalyq túraqtylyq – Qazaqstannyng túraqtylyghy. Úly ghalymnyng múrasyn zerdeleu arqyly ghana biz últtyq әleuetimizdi tolyq ashyp, qazaq әlemin keneyte alamyz.

Baghlan Tashimov

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