Annotasiya: Búl maqalada qarjylyq qiyndyqtardan tuyndaytyn mәselelerding otbasyndaghy týsinispeushilikke әkelip soghuynyng psihologiyalyq aspektileri qarastyrylady. Talay airanday úiyp otyrghan shanyraqtyng shayqaluyna, ókinishke oray, qarjylay túraqtylyqtyng bolmauy sebep.

Maqalada qarjylay qiyndyqtardan tuyndaytyn otbasylyq mәseleler qamtylady. Mәselen, qarjylay sauattylyqtyng bolmauy, saldarynan ornaytyn ara-qatynastyng nasharlauy, senimning azangy men týsinispeushilik sebepteri qarastyrylady. Otbasynda tuyndaytyn kiykiljinderdi azaytyp, myzghymas tamyryn saqtap qalu ýshin qajetti psihologiyalyq strategiyalargha nazar audardym. Yaghni, otbasylyq qarjyny basqarudaghy psihologiyalyq strategiyalargha mәn berildi.

Kilt sózder: Otbasy psihologiyasy, otbasylyq qatynas, otbasylyq rólder, kiykiljin, otbasylyq ýilesim, psihologiyalyq beyimdelu.

Otbasy búl bir ýiding mýsheleri bolyp sanalatyn adamdardan qúralghan kishigirim memleket desek te bolady. Demek, әrbir memleketting damuy ýshin ekonomikalyq kórsetkishining artuy qanshalyqty manyzdy bolsa, ondaghy әr otbasynyng da qarjylyq erkindigi manyzdy. Óitkeni, memleketting qúraushysy – halyq. Al, halyq siz ben bizden qúralady. Árqaysymyzdyng óz otbasymyz bar. Jә, biz jaqsy ómir sýru ýshin otbasymyzda dau-janjal tuyndamauy ýshin kóbinese ekonomikalyq túraqtylyq nemese ósim boluy kerek. Sebebi, sonda ghana bizding otbasymyz bizdi maqtan tútatyn bolady. Ómir sýru sapamyz jaqsarady. Ál-auqatymyz artady. Biraq, әr otbasynyng materialdyq jaghdayy әr týrli. Belgili bir sebeptermen qarjylay qiyndyqtargha da jii úshyrasatyndary da bar.

Qarjylyq qiyndyqtyng auyrlyghy sol, ol otbasynyng materialdyq әl-auqatyna ghana yqpal etip qoymay, onyng psihologiyalyq saldarynyng onay bolmaytyndyghynda. Ertenge degen senim men ýmitting nemese kýizelisting dengeyi men otbasyndaghy psihologiyalyq jaghday kóbinese materialdyq jaghdaygha baylanysty bolyp qaldy. Degenmen, jay ghana adam kókjiyegining kenenining ózi qarjylyq dengeyge az-kem tәueldi desek te bolady.

Búl zertteude biz qarjylyq mәselelerding otbasy kókjiyegine psihologiyalyq әserin taldaugha jýginemiz. Biz qarjylyq stressting jana bilim men tәjiriybege qol jetkizudi qalay shekteytinin, sonday-aq qarjylyq sauattylyq pen týsinistik otbasynyng psihologiyalyq әl-auqatyna qalay әser etetinin qarastyramyz.

Zertteuimizde biz tek qarjylay qiyndyqtardy ghana emes, otbasyndaghy berik qarym-qatynastyng odan әri damuyna jәne adamnyng túla boyyndaghy oi-órisin keneytuge kómektesetin qarjylyq basqaru strategiyalaryn da eskerdik. Biz otbasynyng qarjylyq jaghdayyn jaqsartu ýshin jasay alatyn praktikalyq qadamdardy, sonday-aq, osy proseste psihologiyalyq senimdilik pen emosionaldyq qoldaudy damytu joldaryn qarastyramyz[1].

Maqsatymyz – qarjylyq mәselelerding otbasylargha әserin taldau ghana emes, materialdyq jaghdayyna qaramastan, otbasynda salauatty jәne túraqty psihologiyalyq ortany qúrugha yqpal etetin eng útymdy sheshimderdi aitu.

Qarjylyq mәseleler otbasynyng dýniyetanymyn qalyptastyruda sheshushi ról atqarady, onyng әlemdi qabyldau qabiletine, bilim dengeyine jәne mәdeny tәjiriybesine aitarlyqtay әser etedi. Búl әserdi birneshe túrghydan qarastyrugha bolady.

Birinshiden, bilim men mәdeny mýmkindikterge qol jetkizu. Otbasynyng qarjylyq jaghdayy bilim beru resurstaryna, kitaptargha, múrajaylargha, sayahatqa jәne basqa da mәdeny is-sharalargha qoljetimdilikti anyqtaydy. Qarjylyq mýmkindikteri shekteuli otbasylar qarjylyq resurstardyng shekteuli boluyna baylanysty mәdeny jәne bilim alu mýmkindikterin shekteuge mәjbýr boluy mýmkin.

Kýizelis pen psihologiyalyq jaghday. Qarjylyq qiyndyqtar otbasynda stress pen alandaushylyq tudyruy mýmkin. Al, búl óz kezeginde jana bilim alyp, kókjiyeginizdi keneytuden alshaqtatuy mýmkin. Qarjylyq qiyndyqtardy jenuge tyrysatyn otbasy mýsheleri ómirding bilim beru nemese mәdeny aspektilerine nazar audarudyng qysymy men qabiletsizdigin sezinui mýmkin[2].

Qarjylyq sauattylyqqa dengeyi otbasynyng óz qarjysyn tiyimdi basqaru men bilim beru maqsatynda resurstardy paydalanu qabiletine әser etui mýmkin. Qarjylyq sauattylyghy joghary otbasylar óz mýshelerining bilimi men damuyna kóbirek investisiya tartady. Al, kerisinshe, qarjylay sauaty tómen otbasylarda múnday mýmkindik tua bermeydi, óitkeni, olar olar aqsha tapsa da ondy-soldy júmsaugha dayar túrady. Bәri de jinau biluden bastalady.

Otbasy qúndylyqtaryna mәn beripti bir avtor osy taqyrypta. Qarjylyq mәselening dengeyine qaray, әr otbasynyng qúndylyqtary men basymdyqtary qalyptasady. Mysaly, keybir otbasylar baylyq pen tabysqa ýlken mәn bere alady, al, endi biri bilim men mәdeny tәjiriybeni bәrinen de joghary qoyady. Búl basymdyqtardy negizge ala otyryp, ýidegi qarjynyng qay baghytta júmsalyp, qanday mýmkindikter bar ekenin zerdeleuge bolady [3].

Tútastay alghanda, qarjylyq mәseleler otbasynyng kýndelikti tynys-tirshiligine әser óte kóp.

Ýy ishindegi qarjylyq menedjment tek qarjylyq daghdylardy ghana emes, sonymen qatar psihologiyalyq aspektilerdi de qamtidy. Sebebi, býginde erli-zayyptylar arasyndaghy kiykiljinder men olardyng ajyrasuyna deyin әkelip soqtyratyn birden-bir faktor әleumettik jaghdayy ekeni belgili. Al, әleumettik jaghday psihologiyalyq túrghydan adamnyng ózin-ózi baghalauynda eleuli әser etedi. Tómende otbasylyq qarjyny basqarudyng tiyimdi strategiyalary kórsetilgen.

Eng birinshi, ol, әriyne, ashyqtyq pen adaldyq. Yaghni, otbasy mýsheleri bir-birin aiyptamay әri syn estuden qoryqpay, әleumettik ahualdy ashyq, shynayy talqylay alatynday adal bolulary manyzdy. Sonda ghana týsinispeushilik pen dau-damay tuyndamaydy.

Kelesi kezekte, maqsattardyng ortaq boluy manyzdy. Erli-zayyptylar ýy satyp alu, balalardy oqytu siyaqty ortaq maqsattardy birge talqylap, soghan úmtyluy kerek. Múnday ortaq maqsattar otbasyny odan әri jandastyryp, aradaghy senim men bio-birine degen qúrmetti arttyrady.

Budjet pen qarjy josparyn әzirleu shyghyndardy baqylap, qaryzdardan aulaq bolugha jәne ýlken maqsattargha qol jetkizuge sep bolady. Otbasynyng әr mýshesi ózine jýktelgen jauapkershilikti sezingen kezde ghana isteri algha basady. Búl da psihologiyalyq jaghynan zor kómek. Mәselen, erli-zayyptylardyng biri bank shotyn basqarugha, al ekinshisi investisiyagha jauapty boluy mýmkin.

Jogharyda atalghan psihologiyalyq strategiyalar otbasylyq qarjyny basqaruda sheshushi ról atqaryp, shanyraqtyng berik boluyna әri maqsattargha birge qol jetkizuge kómektesedi[5].

Qorytyndylay kele, otbasynyng qarjysyn basqaru tek qarjylyq daghdylardy ghana emes, sonymen qatar, yntymaqtastyq pen qarym-qatynasqa psihologiyalyq dayyndyqty talap etedi. Aqshagha degen kózqarastaghy aiyrmashylyqtardy týsinu, qarjylyq talqylaulardaghy ashyqtyq jәne ortaq maqsattardy belgileu salauatty jәne túraqty otbasylyq qarjylyq qatynastardy qúruda sheshushi ról atqarady. Adaldyq, empatiya jәne qoldau siyaqty psihologiyalyq strategiyalar otbasyndaghy ózara týsinistik pen yntymaqtastyqty jaqsartugha kómektesedi, búl óz kezeginde qarjylyq әl-auqat pen bolashaqqa degen senimdilikke qol jetkizuge kómektesedi.

Áriyne, biz múnda týrli әleumettik osal top ókilderi bolatynyn, olardyng ýy ishinde qanday әleumettik mәseleler tuyndaytynyn atap ótuimizge de bolar edi. Biraq, biz HHI ghasyrdyng jastary, kim, qay otbasynda, qanday әleumettik jaghdaydy kórip ósse de, dәl býgingi zamanda óz bilimin shyndap, berik otbasyn qúryp, adaldyghy men jauapkershiligining arqasynda óz-ózderin qamtamasyz ete alatynyna senemiz. Ári Preziydentimiz Qasym-Jomart Toqaevtyng tapsyrma retinde qoyyp otyrghan sifrlyq Qazaqstangha 3 jyldyng ishinde kóshetinimizdi eskersek, sonday-aq, jasandy intellekt dәuirinde mol mýmkindik baryn eskersek, bizding buyn irgesi biyik otbasylardy qúra beretinine shýbә joq.

Sóz sonynda kezinde eks-ministr Ashat Aymaghambetov aghamyzdyng ózi oqugha kenes bergen qarjylay sauattylyqqa baylanysty Bodo Sheferding «Many esimdi kýshik» atty kitabyn әrbir ata-ana óz balalaryna oqytuy tiyis dep esepteymin.

Nazerke Myrzabek,

M.H.Dulaty atyndaghy Taraz uniyversiyteti, «Áleumettik saladaghy psihologiya» bilim beru baghdarlamasynyng 4-kurs studenti.

Taraz qalasy.

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