Kereyler (nemese kereyt) qazaq jane ózge týrki- monghol halyqtary arasynda jii úshyraytyn taypa. T júrnaghy monghol tilinde lar, ler yaghny kóptik jalghau sanalady, kereyt kereyler degen maghynany bildiredi. Ásirese qazaq syndy sany 20 milliondyq iri halyqtyng qúraghan eng iri taypalardyng qataryna jatady. 11-13 ghasyrdaghy kereyt handyghynyng tarihy belgili ony qaytalamaymyz, ýitkeni kereyt hany Túghyryl Shynghys qaghannyng ókil әkesi bolghandyqtan sol dәuirdegi Shynghys qaghangha baylanysty mol tarihy derekterde kereytter turaly óte mol maghlúmattar birge qamtylghan. 1203 jyly Shynghys qaghan kereyt memleketin qúlatyp óz qarauyna alghan song kereyt eli jane naymandar Monghol imperiyasynyng bastapqy kezderdegi jarymynan artyq әskery kýshin qúrady.

Monghol atanghan jalayyr, qonyrat, ýisin, dulat, suan, shanishqyly taypalaryda sol qatarda. Endigi jerde osy týrki- monghol taypalary Shynghys qaghan men onyng úrpaqtarynyng әlemning ¼ bóligin baghyndyru joryghyna qatysyp әr jerge tarady. Keyin birtindep әr týrli halyqtyng ishine sinip ketsede qomaqtylau bólikteri týrki-monghol júrttarynyng ishinde óz ataularymen qala berdi. Al qazaq ishindegileri solardyng bir bóligi ghana. Keyingi Mongholdyng tórt úlysyna taraghan kereyler Yuani imperiyasynda qalghandary býgingi monghol halyqtarynyng ishinde ketti.

ngani kereyleri

1-dәrejeli halyqtar - 72 ruly Mongholdar

1.Arula(arulat) 2.Jalayyrtay(jalayyr),3.qoshyn Manghytay(qosyn Manghyt),4. Qonyratay(qonyrat) 5.Qonqotan 6.Ýnjires 7.úrghút 8.Qoralas 9.Besutay(besut )10.Kereytay( Kereyt) 11.Tóbetay 12.Barula(Barulas,barlas) 13.Kýlgni 14.Elshygyn15.Jaryjyra(jajyrat) 16.Dýrbetay(dúrben,dúrmen) 17.Tatar 18.Qatagyn(Qataghan) 19.Sartay 20.Qiyatay(Qiyat) 21.Ilesutay 22. Yanbúqatay 23.Dayyrlensey 24.Shashutay 25.Merkitay (merkit) 26.Adargytay(Adarghyn) 27.Úrutay(úrut) 28. Bederitay 29.Naitay 30.Ekemoqala 31.Noyaghytay 32.Adarghytay(adarghyn) 33.IYkiretay(IYkires ) 34.tayketay 35.Molqy 36.Úighútay 37.Oymauytay 38.Arlatay(arlat) 39. Bayauytaiy(bayauty,Bayúly) 40.Negýdey 41.Oyratay(oyrat) 42.Molqytay(molqy) 43.Jynyshtay 44.Qonqotan 45.Besutay (Besut) 46.Yamusautay 47.Múgúntatay 48.Manghytay(Manghyt) 49.Tatartay(tatar) 50.Noyaghytay 51.Adarghytay 52.Ghúisyn(Ýisin) 53.Tayyr 54.Úrutay(úrut) 55.Shashutay 56.Merki(merkit) 57.Aqúryltay 58.Jamartay 59.Orortay(oronar?) 60.Tatartay(Tatar) 61.betek naimataiy(betek Nayman) 62.Ekelin qara 63.Qonyratay 64.Jortay 65.Manghytay(Manghyt) 66.Oymauytay(Oymauyt) 67.Dýrbetay(Dýrben) 68.Baryn 69.Sarghytay 70.Barqytay(Barqy) 71.Qadatay 72.Oyra(Oyrat)····(1)

Tizimdegi rulardyng ishinde 17 taypa qazaq qúramyndada bar, desede búl rular keyin batysqa bettep qazaq arasyna sinisken dep aitu qiyn. Tanqalarlyq jәiit kerey ishinde qatardaghy ru molqy tizimde túr. Búlar keyin belgili sebeptermen batysqa bettep qazaqqa qosylghan boluy әbden mýmkin. Osy monghol atanghan taypalarmen sol kezde sany 700 mynnan asqan qidandardyng bir toby, 400 myng týsti kózdilerding bir toby, tanghyttar, shýrshitter aralasyp býgingi monghol halyqtaryn qalyptastyrghan.

Shaghatay úlysyndaghy kereytter

Tórt úlystyng biri shaghatay úlysynda monghol rularynyng sany kóp bolghan, ýitkeni 1264-1301 jylgha deyin Qaydu-Qúbylay ara soghystar men tartystarda Qaydu han mongholdyng dәstýrin qorghaudy úran etip kótergeni ýshin kóptegen monghol – týrik rulary Qaydudy jaqtap Monghol dalasynan batysqa kóshken(2). Osy sebepti keyin shaghatay úlysy monghol jeri nemese Mogholstan atandy. Kereytter osy úlystaghy beldi taypalardyng biri retinde tarihy derekterde atalady.

Túghylyq Temirding jarlyghy

Mәtininde:

«Túghylyq Temirding jarlyghy, Túghylyq Temir sózim: Qochonyng Chyntemir iydiqúty, joghary mәrtebeli darugha Bolat qiya, Ótemish Qútylyq qiya, kerey analy bolatyn Asen Qochonyng sularyn basqaru...» degen sózder bar. Túghylyq Temir 1347-1361 jyldary han bolghan Shaghatay úrpaghy. Kerey analy degenine qaraghanda sondaghy kereylermen qúdandaly әuletting Asen atty adamy bolsa kerek.

Túghylyq Temir han islam óz biyligin nyghaytyp islam dinin qabyldaydy, tolyq biylikke jetken song shaghatay úlysyna tәueldi Mәuerannahrdy qayta qosyp alu ýshin joryqqa attanady.

«Túghylyq  Temir han 1361 jyly ýlken qolmen Mәuerannahrgha bet qoydy. Tashkent dalasyndaghy  Hodjent ózeni manynda «Chana búlaq» degen jerde biraz ayaldap, tóreleri men bekterin jiyp kenes ashady. Kenese kele әmirler mynaday sheshimge keledi: Kereyt taypasynan Úlyq Toqtemirdi, Arqanút (Arghyn?) taypasynan Qajybekti, qanly taypasynan Qajybekti aldynghy sapqa jiberudi jón dep tapty. Búl ýsh әmir jarlyqty eki etpey óz mindetterine kirisip ketti»(3)

Mәuerannahrda alyp oghan óz úly Iliyas Qojany  otyrghyzadyda óz ordasyna qayytqan Túghylyq Temir 1363 jyly qaytys bolady. Oraydan paydalanghan Ámir Temir Mәuerannahrda mogholdarmen keskilesken soghystar jýrgizedi. Desede islam dinin qabyldaudan bas tartyp oirattargha qosylyp ketken taypalarda bolghan, sonyng qatarynda Mogholstan kereytterinde kirgizuge bolady.

1365-1366 jyldary Balshyq soghysynda moghol әskeri uaqytsha bolsada Ámir Temirdi jenedi. «Moghol әskerinen kereyt Úlyq Toqtemirding úly Kepek Temir , Shirauyl, Qajybek, Angyrshaq salt boyynsha aldynghy shepke kelip Temir әskerin talqandady»(4)

1365 jyly dulat әmiri Qamar Ad-Din Iliyas Qojany óltirip biylikti tartyp aladyda Ámir Temirmen soghysady. Onyng túsynda Ámir Temir Mogholstangha bes ret basyp kirip Tarbaghatay taularyna deyin joryq jasap auyr qyrghyn men tonaushylyq jýrgizedi. Qamar Ad-din 1390 jyly Toqtamys hanmen odaqtasyp kýressede jeniliske úshyraydy, osy soghystarda Mogholstan kereytteride auyr oiranshylyqqa tap bolady. Álide islamdy tolyq qabyldamaghan, ne ýstirt qana qabyldaghan kóshpendilerdi Ámir Temir «dinsizder» dep qatty tize batyrghan, kereytterding Mogholstannan derlik ketip qaluyna sebepting biri osy boluyda mýmkin.

«Kereyt taypasynyng әmiri Kufyra jane Ózbek Temir birde Ámir Temirdi jaqtap kómek súrasa, birde qarsy shyqty. Ámir Temir olardy basyp -jәnshu ýshin attandy. Olar Almatu manynda Aysha qatún ózeni boyynda kereyt elimen soghysty, shәiqas bitimmen ayaqtaldy.»(5) «Tarihy Rashidi» enbeginde osydan keyin Mogholstandaghy bolghan oqighalarda kereytter turaly aitylmaydy, shamasy bir toby Ámir Temirge ketken, olardyng úrpaqtary keyingi Syr boyyn mekendegen kereytter yaghny kishi jýz kereytteri bolsa kerek. Al qalghany oirattargha jane Toqtamysqa qaraghan Sibir dalasyna ketken siyaqty.

Joshy úlysynyng jane sibir handyghynyng kereyleri

Joshy úlysyndaghy 92 bauly ru-taypalardyng ishinde kereyt, kerey degen eki taypa qatar atalady.

Toqsan eki rudyng attary mynanday: 1. Myn, 2. Jýz, 3. Qyryq, 4. Ýgajat, 5. Jalayyr, 6. Pray, 7. Qonyrat, 8. Alshyn, 9. Nayman, 10. Arghyn, 11. Qypshak, 12. Qalmaq, 13. Frat. 14. Qyryqtyq, 15. Torghauyt, 16. Burlan, 17. Shymyrshyq, 18. Qataghan, 19. Kәji, 20. Kenekas, 21. Býirat, 22. Oirat, 23. Qiat, 24. Baghlan, 25. Qytay, 26. Qanly, 27. Ózbek (ózinshe bilushi), 28. Qoyshy, 29. Búlanshy, 30. Shabút, 31. Joyt, 32. Shilshauyt, 33. Bayauyt, 34. Otarshy, 35. Arlat, 36. Qereyt,. 37. Únghút, 38. Manghyt. 39. Tanghút, 40. Oimauyt, 41. Qashat, 42. Merkit, 43. Búrkat, 44. Qiyat, 45. Qoralas, 46. Tóralas, 47. Qyrarab, 48. Ilashy, 49. Shúbyrghan, 50. Qyshlaq, 51. Oghlan, 52. Týrkmen, 53. Dýrmen, 54. Tabut, 55. Tama, 56. Machad. 57. Kerderi, 58. Ramdan, 59, Kerey, 60. Naday, 61. Qafsana, 62. Qyrghyz, 63. Úyarshy, 64. Joyrat, 65. Ýisin, 66. Jorgha. 67. Batash, 68. Qoysyn, 69. Moldyz, 70. Tebel, 71. Tatyr, 72. Tileu, 73. Bashal, 74. Nian, 75. Qazghan, 76. Shirin, 77. Úntan, 78. Kurlat, 79. Shilkas, 80. Ýikorghan, 81. Targhyn,82. Jabu, 83. Suran, 84. Túrghaq 85. Mutiyan, 86. Qaska, 87. Majar, 88. Tushlyq, 89. Shoran, 90. Shýrshit. 91. Bahrshy, 92. Úighúrat.(6)

Búghan qaraghanda eki top taypa Joshy úlysyna úqsamaghan dәuirlerde barghan siyaqty, kereyt atalghandar Joshy úlysynda monghol tili әli saqtalyp túrghan kezde ómir sýrgende mongholsha t kóptik jalghauy óz qalpynda qalghan. Al kerey onan kóp keyin barghan nemese týrki tili ýstemdik alghan kezende baryp t jalghauynsyz kerey atalghan boluy mýmkin. Desede osy kereytte, kereyde Sibir men Deshti qypshaqtaghy taypalarmen aralasyp qúramy, týr- túlghasy ózgeriske úshyraghany anyq. Olargha qosylghan jerlik qypshaq ne ózge Sibir taypalarynyng bolghanynda dau joq, sondyqtan eki taypada keyin aiyrmashylyqtar kóbeygen, desede ekeuine ortaq ashamayly, jastaban, jәdik atalarynyng boluy belgili mólsherde qandastyqtynda saqtalghanyn týsindiredi.

Osy tizimde kerey qúramynda bolghan torghauyt(Túrghút) taypasy turalyda sonday, túrghaq pen túrghút bir atau, túrghút túrghtar degen  monghol sózi. Túrghaqtardynda bir bólimi kereyler men birge orta jýzge qosylghan. Kereylerding Altyn Orda tarihyndaghy tarihy Sibir handyghymen tike baylanysty ekeninde gýmәn joq.

Sibir handyghy men Týmen qalasyn XIII ghasyrda Taybugha qúrghan. Ol, bәlkim kereylerden bolghan .(7) 1428-jyly 16 jasar Ábilqayyr Shyngy Tura qalasynda han bolghan shaqta Sibirdi biylegen Taybugha әuletining biyligine talasqan. Qazaq handyghy qúrylghan 1465 jyldary Sibirdi Shibandyq Ibaq han biylegen. Altyn Ordanyng islamgha kiru zamanynda Ortalyq Qazaqstan men Sibir, Shyghys Qazaqstan ónirlerine islam taramady da ondaghy kóshpendilerdi ózgeler «qalmaq» dep atady.

Kereylerding qazaq ordasyna qosyluy turaly pikirler

Qazaq handyghynyng tarihyna qatysty derekterde kóbinde qazaqtar dep ataladyda onyng ishindegi rulary aityla bermeytindikten qaysy taypa qashan qazaqqa qosylghanyn aitu qiyn, sol qatarda kereylerdinde dәl qashan qazaq handyyghyna kirgenin eshkimde dәp basyp aita almaydy.

Eger Sibir handyghynda kereyler sany kóp jetekshi taypa ekenine kýmәn bolmasa onda sibir handyghy qúlaghan song kereyler qosyldy deuge negiz bar, sonymen qatar 1580-1590 jyldary Tiuekel hannyng Úlytau qalmaqtaryn jengennen keyinde sol qalmaq atanghan taypalar qatarynda kereylerde qazaqqa qosylghan deuge bolady.

1598 jyly sibir handyghy joyyldy degenmen Miller boyynsha 16-17 ghasyrda Kóshimning hanzadalary qalmaqtarmen odaqtasyp birge jýrgen. Qalmaqtar yaghny oirattar 1580 jyldary shyghystyq mongholdardan jenilgennen keyin Altaydan batysqa qaray bosty, sauda ýshin Sibirdegi Reseydyng Omby, Tumen, Orynbor, Tomsk qalalaryna kelip túrdy. Oirat odaghyndada týrki rulary kóp bolghan. Osy qalmaqtardyng eki tayshysy boldy, birining aty -Abaq tayshy. Olar Maskeuge elshi jiberip qarym-qatynas ornata bastaghan. Qalmaqtar Altay tauyndaghy mekeninen mongholdyng Altan hany men Qaraqúlay hontayshy arasyndaghy soghystar sebep bolghan, olar aua keship Ob ózenine deyin barghan. (9) Búl jaghydaydy 1723-1727 jyldarda jongharlardyng Tashkent, Týrkistan bastaghan býkil Syr boyy qalalaryn tartyp alghannan keyin qazaqtardyng Orsk siyaqty orys qalalarynyng tóniregine kele bastaghanyna úqsatugha bolar edi.  Búndaghy Abaq tayshy kim? Abaq kereylerdin  búrynghy taypalyq úrany- Abaq. Onyng qalmaq boluy islam dinine kirmeuine baylanysty, al Sibirge islam dinin Kóshim han 1580 jyldary Búhardan imamdar tartu arqyly taratqany belgili, tipti 18 ghasyrdyng sonyndaghy kereylerdede islamy kózqaras óte tómen bolghany derekterde kórsetilgen. Abaq kereylerding 18 ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda « Ata meken Altay» degen iydeiyalarynyng boluy 1590 jyldary Altaydan aughan týrki-qalmaqtary bolmauyna kim kepil?

Qazaq kereyit ruy, Orta jýzding kerey taypasyda kereyt taypalarynyng ortaghasyrlyq konfederasiyasynan shyqqan[10]. Ghalymdardyng pikirinshe, kereytterding ata-babalary here (qargha) qúsyna tabynghan, al uaqyt óte kele totemning atauy hereid (kereyt) etnikalyq atauyna ainalghan[11]. Van hannyng túsynda ortaghasyrlyq kereytter nestorian dinin ústanghan.

Kishi jýz kereytteri

Ejelgi kerey halyqynyng qaldyghy kereyt ruy, Kishi jýzding basqa rulary siyaqty, Noghay Ordasy ydyraghannan keyin qazaqqa qosylghan boluy mýmkin. Noghay Ordasynda kereytter eng kóp «elelerdin» biri bolghan. Shejire boyynsha, rudyng negizin qalaushy Aqsaqal bolghan. Rudyng úran (úran) onyng qúrmetine tandalghan[12]. Kereytter taghy alty rumen birge Jetiru taypasyna Tәuke hannyng túsynda biriktirilgen. Búl turaly orys diplomaty A. I. Tevkelev 1748 jyly jazghan [13].  Demek kishi jýz kereytteri Altyn Orda kereytteri me әlde Mogholstan kereytteri me degen saual tuady. Orta jýz abaq kereyding úly jýzden bólinip shyqqanyn shejireler kórsetedi, úly jýz shejiresinde Abaq pen Aqsaqal aghayyndy, al abaqtan abaq kerey tarasa, al Aqsaqaldan kereyt taraydy, búghan qaraghanda kereytter Mogholstanda bolyp bir toby Ámir Temirge ketip onan Noghay ordasynda bolghanyn, onan keyin uaqtarmen birge qazaq ordasyna qosylghanyn kóruge bolady, kereyttede, uaqtada shәikóz , sarman, obaghan degen ortaq rular bar. Uaq taypasy 18- ghasyrdyng basyna deyin uaq-kerey atanyp keyin uaq atanghan.

Jongharlarmen soghys kezinde kereyt qolbasshysy Taylaq batyr [14] degen ataqqa ie boldy. Kishi jýz qazaqtarynyng ruhany kósemi Mýsirәli Jәdikúly turaly kóptegen anyzdar saqtalghan. Onyng úldarynyng biri Shýkirәli-qoja orys qújattarynda Anna Ioannovnagha adaldyqqa ant bergen kereyt kósemderining biri retinde atalady. Kereytter arasynda Mýsirәli Jәdikúlynyng taghy bir úly Qosymqoja tanymal jәne yqpaldy boldy. Ábilqayyr han qaytys bolghannan keyin, ol qúryltayda úly Núralyny jana biyleushi ​​retinde qoldady. Biraq 1755 jyly Qosymqoja handy Hiua handyghymen soghysugha dayyndalyp jatqanda qoldaudan bas tartty. Nәtiyjesinde әskery joryq bolmady. Sol jyly ol sәtsiz kóterilisten keyin qazaqtargha qashyp ketken bashqúrttardy qudalaudy qoldamady. 19 ghasyrdyng basynda aqsaqaldar Manaq by men Qosqúlaq by boldy[15]. Kereyler Manaq by men Nysanbay jyrau [qazaq] Kenesary kóterilisine qatysty. Keyinirek Nysanbay «Kenesary-Nauryzbay» epopeyasyn jazdy[16]. 19 ghasyrda kereytter Hiua handyghyna tәueldi boldy; 1850 jyldary olardyng jerleri Resey imperiyasyna qosyldy. 1864 jyly olar Resey imperiyasy әskerlerining Týrkistan joryqtaryna qatysty[17]. 19 ghasyrda kereyt bes bolys bolyp eki bolysy Qyzlordada, ýsh bolysy Ózbekstan jerinde boldy.

Kereytter19 ghasyrdyng basynda shamamen 4 myng otbasy bolghan. 20 ghasyrdyng basynda halyq sany keybir derekter boyynsha 15-20 myng adamgha, al basqalary boyynsha shamamen 12 myngha jetken[18]. Basqa derekter boyynsha, 19 ghasyrdyng ayaghynda ru sany 30-35 myng adamgha deyin jetken. Kereytter Qyzylorda obylysy jane onymen irgeles Ózbestan memleketinde túrady.

18-ghasyrdaghy orta jýz kereylerining Saryarqadaghy tarihy

18- ghasyrdyng basynan bastap Reseymen aradaghy qatynastargha baylanysty Resey arhivterinde , 18- ghasyrdyng ortasynan bastap Sini imperiyasynyng arhivterinde qazaq handyghy turaly mәlimetter mol boldy. 19- ghasyrdyng ortasynan bastap oqu-aghartudyng damuyna ilese óz elining tarihy men shejiresin jazatyndar kóbeydi.

Qajynәby Dosqayúly ózining «Abaq kerey» atty kólemdi maqalasynda:

«Kerey eli mongholdardyng ýsh retki shabuyly men talan-tarajyna úshyrap Altaydan aughan».(19). Búghan qaraghanda 16-ghasyrdyng sonynda shyghystyq mongholdar men oirattardyng kemi ýsh retki shabuyly bolghanyn kóremiz. Osy ýsh retki joryyqta kóshken ol abaq kerey, ashamayly kerey emes, shamasy abaq kerey tegi Mogholstan kereytterinen shyqsa kerek, Altay tauyda әsili Mogholstannyng shyghys soltýstik shegarasy edi. Keyingi Ámir Temirding joryqtarynan song oirattargha baryp 15-ghasyrdyng basynan 16- ghasyrdyng sonyna deyin Altayda mekendep onan keyin Saryarqagha kelgen siyaqty.  1723-1780 jyldar arasynda  kereyler Qazaqstannyng 11 oblysyn ainala kóshken, onan irgeles Resey, Qytay, Mongholiya jerinede taban tiregen. Aqyt Qajynyng «abaq kerey shejiresi» atty dastanda bylay aitylady:

«Qaytadan Abaq kóship kelgen eken,

Manayyn Qyzyljardyng qylghan meken.»(20).

Shejire boyynsha Abaq ana , tórkini úly jýz, Mogholstan taypalary dulat, qanly, jalayyrlardyng úly jýz bolyp úiysqanyn bilemiz, abaq kereyding tegining úly jýz boluyda osy úly jýz jeri Mogholstannan shyqqanyna sәikesedi, Mogholstannyng Altay, Tarbaghatayy 1417 jyly oiratqa qaraghanda abaq kerey sol Altay-Tarbaghatayda qalsa kerek, keyin Saryarqagha, Qyzyljargha deyin barghan. Abaqtyng Qyzyljargha kelui Altaydan auyp Sibirge keludi týsindiredi.

El auyzynda qalghan shejire-anyzdar boyynsha: «Edirey, Arqalyq taulary búryn kereyding qonysy bolghan eken...»(21) Er Jәnibek batyr osy Saryarqada tuylghan desedi. Ýiitkeni «Aqtaban-shúbyryndy» dan keyin kereyler Syr boyyna baryp , onan batysqa bettep , onan baryp Saryarqagha qayyryladyda arghyndarmen Saryarqada jaqyn qonyp qúdalasqan, , Jәnibekting naghashysyda arghyn Qazybek by boluyda osynyng dәleli. Onyng atyn qoyghanda Shaqshaq Jәnibek batyr.

1736-jyly 23 jeltoqsan, Ivan Kirilovtyng patsha kenesine jazghan hatynan:

«Qazaqtyng orta jýzining kishi kerey ruy, Ábilmanbet han, Abylay súltan Tobyl men Esil ózenderin jәilәidi, keyde Ertiske tayap barady.(22) Búl derek kereyde , әsirese abaq kerey búryn tórege qaramaghan degen pikirdi teristeydi, arghyn, nayman taypalarymen birge Ábilmanbet, Abylay handargha qaraghan.

Qaldan Seren(1727-1745)biyligi kezining alghashqy jyldary 1731-1734 jyldary birneshe  ret Sini imperiyasymen soghysta boldyda qazaq handyghyna qarata soghysy bisendedi. Singe qarsy soghysta Qangay tauyna deyin soghysyp aqyry Altay tauyn shegara etip bitisti. Osy aralyqta batys shegarada qazaqtar jonghar qarauyldarymen údayy soghysta boldy, qazaqtardy jazalau maqsatynda 1939 jyly qazaqtargha qayta shabuyl jasady, ol kezde Syr boyy Jonghar qolynda qalghandyqtan Saryarqagha basyp kirdi.

1737- jyly 11- qyrkýiek Orta jýzdin  Ábilmanbet hany men Abylay súltanynyng Tevkelevke jazghan hatynan:

Ábilmanbet hannan, Abylay súltannan, abaq kereyding barlyq el aghalary men biylerinen Tevkelev myrzagha taghyzym. «1739- jyly jonghar әskeri 24000 әskermen eki baghytqa bóline shabuyl jasap qanjyghaly, qarauyl, ashamayly kerey, uaq, abaq kerey qatarly bes rudyng auyldaryn shapty…»(23)

1740 jyly 25 qantar. «Ertis pen Esil ózenderi boyyn mekendegen orta jýz qazaqtaryna, abaq kerey úlystaryna, Ábilmanbet súltannyng iyelikterine 15 myng jonghar әskeri shabuyl jasap, auyldardy talqandady, qyruar mal men adamdardy alyp ketti. Osynyng saldarynan qazaqtar Jәiiq boyyna qaray kóshti… 1740 jyly tamyzda orta jýzding Ábilmanbet hany men Abylay súltany  el aghalarymen kóp halqyn ertip  Orynbordyng irgesine keldi(24)

Búl retki joryqta 30 myng jonghar әskerining 15 mynyn Sarmanjy bastap Sararqagha basyp kirip kerey qatarly rulardy shapsa, 15 myny Syr boyyn boylap Araldyng manyndaghy kishi jýzge shabuyl jasady. Osy sebepti orta jýzding kóp rulary Orsk bekinisi manyna auyp barady. Abaq kereyde sol ózge rular qatarynda Orgha barady. 20- ghasyrdyng basynda ómir sýrgen shejireshi Qylyshbay Núrdybayúly jazyp qaldyrghan shejirede abaq kereyding Ordyng qara aghashyn mekendegeni, sol Ordyng qara aghashynan jasalghan mandayshalar, tayanysh, shider tiyegi әli kýnge Altay kereylerinde saqtalghan deydi(25). Asqar Tatanayúly: «Shaqabay Qosykening shanyraghynda Ordyng qara aghashynan istelgen tabaldyryq, mandayshamyz degen múralardy 1978 jyly óz kózimmen kórdim deydi.(26)

1741-jyly Septen noyan bastaghan jonghar әskerleri Abylaydy tútqyngha alady(27)

1742-jyly general Pavluskiyding mәlimdeui boyynsha qazaq arasyna barghan Aqqús degen bashqúrt tynshyny qazaq arasyna jibergen, ol adam qypshaq jane kerey bolystarynada baryp qayytqan» (28)desede búnda osy eki rudyng naq qay jerde otyrghany aitylmaghan, desede olarmen irgeles arghyndardyng Tobyl men Obaghan ózenderi boyynda jýrgendigi aitylady.

1742-jyly tamyz aiynda Ábilqayyr hanmen birge Orynborgha baryp ant bergen mynnan asa qazaq el aghalarynyng qatarynda kereyden mynaday kisilerding attary atalady: Qúttybay bi, Salamat bi, Sasyqbay batyr, Jaras bi, Kishkentay batyr, Qanbaq batyr, Ýsen batyr, Kórpesh batyr, Japa batyr, Enkildes batyr, Alshynbay batyr, Boqay batyr, Adyrghay batyr, Ómir batyr, Bekberdi batyr,  Syrymbet batyr, Asan batyr, Tәttiqúja batyr, Aldonghar batyr, Amaldyq batyr.  At kerey Álimbet bi, Uaq kerey Aqbota batyr, Abaq kerey Bayseyt batyr, abaq kerey Qojabergen batyr, taghy Quat batyr, Janabay batyr, Altynbay baylar ant bergen(29)

Búl derekte Bayseyt batyr abaq kerey jastaban ruynan, al Qojabergen batyr abaq kerey shybarayghyr ruynan, búl derekter kereyding Orgha barghanyn tiptide dәleldey týsedi.

Qazaq el aghalarynyn, Ábilqayyr hannyng Resey bodandyghyna auyz jýzinde ant beruining ýlken sebepteri boldy: birinshiden , qazaqtar Týrkistan bastaghan 25 qaladan aiyrylyp sauda-ayyrbas jasau ýlken mәselege ainaldy. Ekinshi, Resey bodandyghyna auyz jýzinde kirse naghyz bodan Edil qalmaghy men bashqúrttardyng shabuylyn azaytugha bolatyn edi.

Sonymen bir uaqytta yaghny 1742-jyldyng tamyz aiynda orta jýz qazaqtary jonghardyng Qaldan Seren qontayjysyna baghynugha kelisken(30)

Sol kezderi kerey taypasy kishi jýz hany Ábilqayyrdyng úly Eraly súltannyng biyliginde bolghany aitylady. « 1743- jyly 30- tamyzda Ábilmanbet hangha baryp qayytqan Ivan Lapin men Mәnsýr Aksakov kerey taypasyn biyleytin Eraly súltannyng auylyna barady» Olar taghy olardan Abylay súltannyng jonghar tútqynynan bosap kelginin, qasynda jonghardyng 30 adamy bar ekenin estiydi.

1743-jylghy kelisimnen keyin orta jýz handary qaytadan Syr boyy qalalaryna jongharlar atynan biylik jýrgizgen synayly ýitkeni 1749- jyly Nepluevting kishi jýzding Núrәli hanymen jýrgizgen kelissózderinde Jәnibek tarhannyng : «Abylay súltannyng qol astyndaghy el negizinen arghyndar, el aghasy men (Shaqshaq Jәnibek batyr), Baraq súltan, orta jýz jeti rugha bólinedi, Baraq súltan Ábilqayyrdy óltirgen song kishi jýzden qauiptenip Týrkistan men Tashkent arasyn jәilap jýr(31)

Qaldan Seren óte kóregen sayasatker túlgha bolatyn, onyng qazaqtarmen bitisip , kelisimge keluining arjaghynda kýsheyip kele jatqan Resey imperiyasy men arada qazaq handyghyn qalqan retinde ústaghysy kelgeni anyq. Teristik Altay men Sibirde onsyzda jonghar shegarasyna Resey ýlken qauyp bolatyn. 1745- jyly Qaldan Seren ólgen song orynyna Suan Dorjy otyrdy, ony Lama Dorjy óltirdi, Lama Dorjygha qarsy Daushy men Ámirsana qazaq handyghyna qashty.

1751-jyly kýzde jonghar handyghyndaghy taq talasynda jenilgen Ámirsana men Dauashy qazaq arasyna qashyp kelip panalaydy. Qazaqtar Úlytauda jiyn ótkizip búl noyandardy jongharlargha bermeu turaly sheshim qabyldady, olardy tapsyryp beruden bas tartqandyqtan Lama Dorjy qazaqtargha qarsy әsker attandyrady. Osy joly «Sadyr bastaghan 3000 adamdyq jonghar әskerleri Úlytau men Kishitaudaghy uaqtardy, odan keyin Jylandy boyyndaghy naymandar men kereylerdi shauyp 3000 qazaqty aidap әketken. Tútqyndar arasynda uaq Bayan batyr men aq nayman Ajybek batyr bar eken. Qazaqtar dýrligip bet-betimen bytyray qashqan. Búghan ózin kinәli sanaghan Dauashy ózining 200 jigitin ertip sondarynan qughan, olargha abaq kerey Qojabergen batyr, Qoshqarbay batyr , Dosymbet batyr, Ómir batyr birge attanghan, olar quyp jetip biraz adamdy óltirip mal men tútqyndardy qaytaryp alghan, әri jonghar shegi bolghan Bayantau(Bauanauyl) gha jetip erulegen. Kóp keshikpey jongharlar 30000 әsker attandyrghan, qazaqtar aua kóshti tek Dauashy men Ámirsanany panalatyp otyrghan abaq kereyler Ertis pen Esil boyynda qystap qaldy» (32)

1751-1756 jyldary qazaqtar jongharlardyng berekesizdiginen paydalanyp olarmen soghysta ýzdiksiz jenisterge jetip búryn jongharlar basyp alghan qazaq jerlerin qaytaryp ala bastaydy. 1753-jyly jonghardyng Namik Dorjy bastaghan Jana әmirshi Dauashygha narazy bolyp 10000 ýilik elimen Sarysugha qaray ketikende Edil qalmaqtaryna qosylmaq(33) Búl onsyzda qúldyrap bara jatqan jongharlardyng әskery kýshin tiptide әlsiretedi.

1754-jyly Dauashydan jenilgen Ámirsana qytaygha baghynatynyn bildirdi, desede qytaydy biylegen manchjur patshasy oghan sengen joq, ony óz maqsatyna paydalanu ýshin 1755- jyly 10000 oirat-qytay(shýrshit) әskerin bastap Jonghariyagha attandy, Jonghar handyghy talqandaldy. 1754- jyly Abylay, Batma Serender 10000 qol bastap Boratala qatarly jerlerdegi jonghar malshylaryn shauyp , maldaryn alyp ketti(34)

«Mongholdardyng shyghu tegi tarihy» ynda bylay delingen: «Dauashynyng kezinde jonghar Dorot Shelen Noyan men Choros Balanlinchin Noyan qazaq әskerlerin Dauashygha shabuyl jasaugha bastap barghan. Qazaqtar Altyn ghibadathana men Kýmis ghibadathanany qiratty»- deydi. Tot monghol jazuymen jazylghanm «Jongharlardyng qysqasha tarihy» yda 1753 jyldyng qarashasynan jeltoqsanyna deyin Dauashy men Ámirsanagha shabuyl jasau ýshin ýsh ret әsker jibergeni, biraq barlyq әreketter sәtsiz ayaqtalghany jazylghan. Ámirsana Dauashygha qarsy shabuyl jasaudy sheshti, biraq onyng kýshteri jetkiliksiz boldy. Jeltoqsanda Ámirsana aghasy Banjurdy sol jaq qazaq hany Abylay hanyna kómek súrap jiberdi. Abylay han Ámirsanany nyghaytu ýshin 5000 qazaq sarbazyn 400 at jәne 700 týiemen jiberdi. Búl qazaq sarbazdary soltýstik-batystan Ilege shabuyl jasap, Altyn shatyr ghibadathanasyn (Gýrza ghibadathanasy) jәne Kýmis shatyr ghibadathanasyn (Haynuk ghibadathanasy) órtep, Erketeng, Bukus jәne Baldamuttyng ýsh otogyn joydy.(35) 1755- jyly 6 nauryzda  qazaq әskerleri Ile ónirine basyp kirip taranshylardyng biydәii men jýgerisin tonap ketken.(36)

10-nauyrda Sini imperiyasynyng jedelhattarynda bylay delingen:

«Qazaqtardyng qaruly kýshi nedauyr myghym. Onyng ýstine olardyng qoly Dauashygha úrymtal jerde túr. Sol ýshin Dauashyny qazaqtar tútqyndaghannan Ámirsananyng nemese Saryldyng tútqyndaghany әbzal… osylaysha tez arada sheshushi jeniske qol jetkizinder…»(37) Búl derekter Sini imperiyasynyng jongharlardy qazaqtar bizden búryn jaulap alama degen kýdigimen qatar jonghar syndy memleketti bólisip alatyn qazaq syndy bәsekelesting shyqqanyna razy bolmaghan kónil-kýileri bayqalady. Olar qazaqtardyng jonghar teritoriyasynyng qomaqty bóligin iyelep ketuin qalamaghan.

1755-jyly sәuirde qazaq әskerleri Dauashyny jendi(38)

1755- jyly mamyrda Abylay súltan 10000 әskermen jonghar jerine soghysugha ketti(153- nomerli qújatta)

Qytay imperatory Abylaygha bylay dep hat jazdy: «Jongharlar ejelden qazaqtargha ósh edi, qytay patshasy olardy tynyshtandyrghan song jarlyq týsirip jongharlardyng qazaqtargha shabuyl jasauyna tiyim saldy. Al sening qazaqtarynnyng el bolu bolmauy óz erkinde, biraq shegarany tynysh saqtaularyng kerek. Óz betterinmen shegaradan ótip kelip jongharlardy tonaularyna bolmaydy. Eger osy jarlyqqa baghynbasandar qalyng qol jiberip shabuyl jasaymyz, ókinip qalyp jýrmender». «Qazyr jonghar jeri tynyshtandyryldy, olardyng bәri bizge baghynyshty. Oghan deyin senderge tiyisip kelgeni tiyldy. Eger sender bizge el bolghylaryng kelse eselegen meyir-yhylaspen syy – siyapatqa bólenesinder. Eger ózdnring óz aldaryna el bolyp túrghylaryng kelse shegarany tynysh saqtap túrularyng kerek. Shabuyl jasap bizdi әuire -sarsangha salmanyzdar»(39)(40)

Búdan Sini ýkimetining jongharlar búryn iyelegen teritoriya qazyr bizge tәn, ol jerlerge kirulerine bolmaydy degen emeurinin bayqaugha bolady. 1755-jyly qyrkýiekte: «Men Bandy 1755- jyly shildede Abylaygha bardym. Ámirsana , Banjur men arqyly Abylaygha patsha ózi 90000 әskermen jane oghan qosylghan 100000 oirat әskerimen osylay ýlken joryq jasap jonghar jerin tynyshtandyrdym»- deydi (41)

Jalpy Sini imperiyasynda 800 mynnan asa túraqty armiya bolghan. Jonghardy jongha 100 myng ainalasynda әskery kýsh júmsalghan. Eger Sini qazaqty jaulap alsa oghan әskery shyghynmen qosa ol jerlerdi ústap túru ýshinde ýlken shyghyn kerek edi. Jonghar joryghy ýshinde qazynadan orasan zor qarajat júmsalghan, onan ary soghysu sol kezde Sinidikter ýshin tiyimsiz boldy, onan tys olar qazaqtardyng jalpy jaghydayy men kýsh -quaty turaly týsinikteride bolmady.

Jonghar memleketine qarasty kereyt taypasy

1750 jyldarda jonghar memleketinde kóshpendi júrttyng sany 600 mynnan asqan. Onyng bir bóligin qyrghyz, tólengit siyaqty týrki halyqtary qúraghan. Sol qatarda kerey, dulat siyaqty qazaq rulary nemese ortaq ru- taypalar boldy. Jonghariyada: «Kereyt eki zaysan, 6000 týtin, bir otog. Abaqas, qadan bir zaysan, bir otog, 4000 týtin. Dulattar bir zaysan, 4000 týtin, bir otog»(42).  Búndaghy abaqas mongholsha abaqtar degen sóz, abaq kereylermen tegi bir boluy mýmkin. Jogharyda aitqanymyzday Mogholstan kereytterining bir toby, dulattardyng bir toby oirattargha qosylyp ketken nemese búlar jonghar qolastyndaghy qazaq taypalary boluyda mýmkin. Osy sany sol dәirde qazaqpen shamalas nemese azyraq jonghar kóshpendilerin 1756 jyly Sini ýkimeti genosidke úshyratyp , jappay qyryp-joydy.

«Jýzdegen myng ýy sharuashylyghynyng onnan tórteui sheshekten qaytys boldy, onnan ekisi Resey men Qazaqqa qashyp ketti, al onnan ýsheui aqyrynda әsker qolynan qaza tapty. Syilyq retinde berilgen tútqyn  әielder men balalardan basqa, baghynghan jәne sol arnayy jerge qonystanghan birneshe myng oirat ýy sharuashylyghy ghana qaldy, jәne olar garnizondargha bólindi. Aynalada myndaghan shaqyrym jerde birde-bir oirat kiyiz ýii qalghan joq.»(43). 600 myng halyqtyng 20% qazaqqa qosylsa búl az san emes, әriyne onyng bәri monghol tildi halyq emes. Oirattyng bir tobynyng qazaqqa qashqanyn qújattarda dәleldeydi.

Sini imperatorynyng 1757 jyly 1 qyrkýiektegi jarlyghynda:

«... Meninshe sizderge artyqsha zan-ereje qoldanu qajetsiz, bizden tym shalghay túrghandyqtarynyz ýshin,  sizderdi halqa mongholdarymen teng qonggha bolmaydy, siz han atanghan bolsanyz ony moyyndaymyn...qaraqshy Ámirsana jerimizge kelse dereu ústap tapsyramyn depsiz, men sózinizge kәmil senemin... Jongharlar iyelegen jerlerding barlyghy bizding iyeligimiz. Sondyqtan siz óz elinizding topyraghyn qorghanyz. Armiyamyz jenisti joryq jasaghannan beri oirattardyng biraz bólegi sózing iyeliginizge qashyp barghan kórinedi.» (44)

Osy genosidten keyin Ámirsana qazaq arasyna qashyp kelip panalaydy, 6000 ýy kerey men 4000 ýy dulat osy kezde qayta qazaqqa qosyluy mýmkin, sebebi abaq kerey ol kezde 2500 týtin ghana shaghyn el edi, onyng keyin sany ózinen bes ese mol ashamayly kereyden asyp ketuining bir sebebi osynda jatsa kerek, sonday-aq dulattynda úly jýzdegi sany kóp elge ainaluy osyghan qatysty boluy mýmkin.

Shýrshit – qazaq soghysy

Jonghardy genosidke úshyratqan song Sini ýkimeti Ámirsananyng qazaq arasyna qashyp barghanyn syltauratyp 20000 nan asa әskermen qazaq dalasyna basa-kóktep kiredi. Osylaysha shýrshit-qazaq soghysy bastalady. Osylaysha qazaq handyghy 13 million sharshy km jeri, 200 million halqy, million әskeri bar imperiyamen betpe-bet keledi. Kerey taypasy ózge qazaqtarmen birge osy soghysta belsendilik tanytady, kerey Qojabergen batyr Ámirsanany qorghauyna alyp janynda ústaghany sebepti osy soghysqa qatysty mәlimetterde aty eng kóp atalghan qazaqtyng biri bolady.

1756 jyly 1 nauryz. «Songhy jyldary jongharlardy býlik jәilap, bir-birimen qyrqysuy arqyly oirat júrty torghayday tozyp , el boludan qalghan edi. Men aspan astynyng әmirshisi retinde búghan qol qusyryp qarap otyra almay, tәnir atynan jaza joryghyn jasap Ileni beybit kýige keltirdim. Osy tústa opasyz qaraqshy Ámirsana býlik shygharyp әbden әlinen asty. Sondyqtan general әmbandaryma ony qughyndaudy búiyrdym. Qazyr Ámirsananyng qazaq eline baryp panalaghanynda dau joq. Qylmysy basynan asqan qaraqshy qayda qashyp barsada bәribir ústap jazalaymyz… Búl qaraqshynyng aramza, súrqiyalyghy ózinizgede mәlim bolsa kerek. Ony әste qanat astyna alushy bolmanyz, eger ony qanat astynyzgha alsanyz úlystarynyzgha paydasy emes tek kesiri ghana tiyedi… Bir adam dep jaudy kóbeytip almanyz, onyng ýstine qalyng qolymyz irgenizde túr. Eger qashqyndy ústau ýshin elinizge basyp kirer bolsa eliniz bereke taba alama? Onyng arty oryny tolmas ókinish degen sóz» (45)

Osylaysha qazaq dalasyna 20000 shýrshit әskeri basyp kirip soghys bastady, qazaq qaruly kýshteri jer jaghydayyn jettik biluine baylanysty bytyrap partizandyq úrys jasady. «...11-kýni(1756- jyly qyrkýiek) qarsylastarymyzdy qualap Núra degen jerge keldik, eki myng qaraqshy qazaqty kezdestirdik, jankeshti úrysta 340 yn óltirip, onyn tiridey ústadyq, Ámirsananyng zaysandarynyng biri Jannabur qolgha týsti, qyzmetkeriniz Dardana qinap súrady, bizding Qojabergen men Ámirsana bastaghan әskerlermen soghysqanymyz mәlim boldy.(46)(47)

1756-jyly 27 qyrkýiek. «Darja beysiler qazaqtardan mynday adam Bayantaudan batysqa betaldy dep mәlimdedi. Olardy bastap jýrgen Abylaydyng ózi. Ámirsana men Qojabergender myndyqtyng birin alyp ýlken qosyndy izdep batysqa ketken. (48)

Osy soghysta qazaqtardyng jenilmeuine Reseyde mýddeli bolady, ýitkeni Sini qazaqtardy basyp alsa Reseyding ontýstik shegarasyna qater tóner edi,  olar : « Eger qazaqtar osy mongholdargha tótep bere almasa «orystar bizdi dalagha tastap ketti» - dep ókpeleui mýmkin. Olar jaudyng betin qaytara almasa Núraly bastaghan kishi jýz qarsy túratyn bolyp sheshildi, sondadabeti qayytpasa bashqúrttardy salu kerek(49)

Sini әskeri orta jýzge basyp kirgenin estigen kishi jýzben úly jýzde kómekke keledi, derekterde Nauryzbay batyrdyng Abylay, Qabanbay, Qojabergendermen qatar soghysta jýrgeni turaly mәlimetter bar. Kishi jýz arnayy әskerler jiberedi, osylaysha ýsh jýzding әskeri bir maydannan tabylyp jaudy jenip shyghady. «Orta jýz monghol әskerlerin jenip betin qaytaryp tastady, soghan baylanysty endi qazaqtar orys bekinisteri men qamaldaryna shabuyl jasayma ? degen qauyp bar.(50)

1757-jyly, 19 qyrkýiek... Qarauyl úlysynda estigeni boyynsha , Abylay súltan qytaylarmen tatulasypty... Ertis boyynda qytaydyng 80 myng әskeri túrsa kerek. ...Núralynyng M. Tevkelevke aituynsha qytay әskeri orta jýzge shabuyldauda... byltyr kýzde Núraly súltan әsker alyp orta jýzge kómekke barghan, qytaylarmen soghysyp betin qaytarghan.(51) 1756-jyl Ámirsana qytay әskerinen qashyp keledi, oghan key qazaqtar pana bermeudi úsynghanda Abylay: «Ámirsana basyna kýn tuyp jan saughalap kelip otyr, bútagha qorghalaghan torghayda aman qalady, ony ústap bersek jón bolmas»- depti. (52)

1756-jyly, 12 tamyz. Batysty tynyshtandyrushy general Serenning qazaqiarmen shәiqas nemese Ámirsanany tútqyndau jónindegi mәlimdemesinde: «Qazirgi tanda Qojabergen siyaqtylar qaraqshy Ámirsananyng aldauy men arazdastyruynan shygha almay bizge qarsy keldi, desede oisyray jenildi...»(53)

1756-jyly, 12 tamyz. «Ámirsana 4 aida uaq-kerey taypasy Qojabergenning jerine jetken. Ol turaly Abylaygha aitqanda ol: Ámirsana sonda túra bersin, ýlken elding armiyasy kelgen song men ózim әsker bastap joryqqa attanamyn, sonda bas qosyp aqyldasayyq, oghan deyin osynda túra bersin»- degen. (54)

25 qazan. «Meni Abylay Balyqty degen jerde tonap әketip, Gurbon-Torghay degen jerdegi uaq-kerey Jadaq esimdi adamgha berdip júmys istetip qoydy... Qazaqtyng Qojabergen, Qabanbay syndy eki basshysy 500 әskeri Serkis qarauyl beketi men Ayhas syndy 4 qarauyl beketin tonap,  Qasúlaq dep atalatyn jerde úly armiyagha shabuyl jasaghan. Qabanbay, Qara baraqtar myng әskermen Esil ózeninde úly armiyagha shabuyl jasaghan. Ámirsanalar jenilip týiege artqan zenbirekterin, qazan-oshaqtaryn, tularyn, kiz ýilerin tastap Gurban- torghaygha shegingen» (55)

27 qyrkýiek. «Mynnan asa qaraqshy shyqty... biz jaudyng 570 ten asa adamyn óltirip, 11 in qolgha týsirdik... Núragha jetkende 2000 qaraqshygha kezigip qalyp olarmen soghys jýrgizdik, 340 adamyn óltirip 10 adamyn tútqyndadyq.(56) «Osy kýni әsker bastap shyqqan Abylaydyng ózi, Ámirsana men Qojabergen 1000 әsker bastap batys jaqqa armiyamyzdy izdep ketti.»(57) « Estuimizshe aspan elining elshisi mausym aiynda Qojabergenge barghan. Sonda Qojabergende Abylaygha adam jibergen eken.»(58)

26 tamyz. «Qojabergen men Qara baraq ózderi kelip bylay dedi: Eger Ámirsana bizding elde bolsa ony dereu tútqyndap әkelemiz, eger ózge elde bolsa onda osy alghan senim hatty kórsetemiz» (59) «Qazaq Qojabergen men Baraq shyn niyetterimen kelip úly Ejenge baghynyp onyng albatúy boldy.  Olar óz qúzyryndaghy taypalardy bastap Ámirsanany qudalap jýr.»(60)

27 tamyzdaghy qújatta: «Qojabergen men Baraq batyrdyn  Baytaylaq degen Qojabergenning úlyn elshilikke jibergenin, onan ózininde kelip Sini armiyasyna kelip qonaq bolyp asqa bata bergenin aitady. Qojabergen: Men 10000 týtindi basqaramyn, Baraq 20000 týtindi basqarady. Abylay úly Ejenge hat jibergenimen ózi kelmedi... sin jaghy: biz 60000 әskermen osynda keldik, jongharlardyng óltiruge tiyistisin óltirip, jiigha tistisin jiyp aldyq deydi. Qojabergen: Jonghar eli týgel qyryldy, Ámirsana tiri bolghanymen ne bitire alady?»(61) Qojabergenning qolastyndaghy elining sany qalaysha 2500 ýiden 10000 ýige artqanyn eskersek , jonghargha qaraghan kereylerding qosyluymen kóbeygen deuge bolatyn siyaqty.

19 qyrkýiek. « Qojabergen 60 tan asa adamyn ertip sini әskerining lagerine kelgen. Ol ózi qaldyq, qashqyn jongharlardy alastap jýrip Sini armiyasyna kez bolyp jansaqtyqtan qaqtyghysqanyn aitady. Ári Ámirsanany ústaugha kómektesetinin aitady.(62)

17 qazan. «Qojabergen men Qara Baraq Abylay men Qabanbaydan keyingi is basqarushy adamdar. Olar mening qamqorlyghyma bólenemin dep óz erikterimen baghynypty... olargha eki top molon men eki top torqa siladym»(63) Bir jyldan astam uaqyt soghysta qazaq әskerleri myng -mynnan bólek otriyadtargha bólinip jer qolaylyghynan paydalanyp kóp jerlerde shaghyn úrystar jasaydy.

1758-jyly mamyr. «Qojabergen myng әskerdi bastap Ertis pen Ayaryq ózeni arasyn sholyp shyqty»(65)

Ertisten shyghysqa kósh

Shýrshit pen aradaghy soghysta jeniske jetip basymdyq alghan qazaqtar endigi jerde jonghardan bosaghan jerdi iyelep qalu ýshin shyghysqa kóshe bastaydy, kóshte kerey, nayman, uaq rulary alda bolyp , naymandar Tarbaghataydy betke alsa, kerey- uaqtar Altaydy betke alyp jyljidy.  «1757-jyly 30 qyrkýiek shyghysqa kóshken el men әskerding jәiin súraghan tatar Múratov arqyly bilgende : «Biz Abylay súltannyng әskerimiz, basshymyz Qojabergen batyr, myng týtin Ertisti joghary boylap kóship baramyz, búl jerde eki kýn túramyz. Onan ary Rsmorik  bekinisine jane onan ary Qúlsary batyrdyng әskerine qosylamyz, onyng 10000 әskeri bar, Ertisting joghary aghysynda túr». (66)

Kerey eli Doghalang tauyn az jyl mekendedi(Qarqaralynyng ontýstik shyghysynda). Doghalang tauynan kóshken song Jәnibek batyrdyng bastauynda Shynghys tauynan ótip Qalba tauyn negiz etip, Qyzylsu, Shar ózenderining angharyna tiyanaqtaydy. (67) Qazaqtardy soghysyp ala almaghan song Sini ýkimeti qazaq handyghyn ózining batys teristik shegarasynda Reseymen aradaghy qalqan yaghny bufer zona, beldeulik memleket retinde ústaudy jón kóredi.

1757-jyl, 31 qyrkýiek. «Áskerimiz jonghardy tynyshtandyrghannan keyin Abylay han óz rizalyghynmen bizge qaradyng ... Patshamyz senderding jerlering shalghay, mongholdyng halqa rularymen salystyrugha bolmaydy- deydi. Sen ózing búrynnan han ekensin, patshamyz handyghyndy bekitti. Búrynghy salt- dәstýrlerinizben bola berinizder, alym- salyq tóleu- tólemeude óz erikterinizde.  Olar(qazaqtar) el boldy, biz qabyl aldyq degenimiz- olardy jalpy janamalay barlau ghana. Beyne bir Vietnam, Tayland siyaqty»(68)

1757-jyl ,2 qazan qazaq tútqynynan qashqan qalmaq Bansýn Shirin tergeude «Abylaydyng әskeri qayda? Qojabergenning әskeri qayda? Degen súraqtargha bilmeymin -dep jauap berdi.(69) Qazaq taypalarynyng shyghysqa kóshui qazaq jerin kenitudi basty maqsat etkendikten aragha elshiler attandyryp eki el ara qatynastardy retteu ýshin Abylay han Sini astanasy Pekinge elshilerin attandyrady. 1757- jyly17 qazan. Abylaydyng elshileri Qanjyghaly , Ómirtay, Tólen, Erenshi, Ábilpeyizding elshisi Tanash, Bekenaylar hat әkeldi әri patshamen didarlasyp sәlemdesti. (70) Osy elshiliktegi eng basty týiinning biri- búryn jongharlar basyp alghan , qazyr Sini iyelep túrghan ejelgi qazaq jerlerin qazaqtargha qaytaru  bolsa, endi biri shegara aimaqtarda sauda jasau bolghan siyaqty. Desede jer mәselesine kelgende Sini jaghy bas tartady.

1757-jyly, 16 qarasha. Abylay men Ábilpeyizding elshilerine Sini patshasy bylay degen:

«Elshilerinizding ejelgi qonysymyz edi dep súraghan Tarbaghataygha kelsek, ol jer endi ghana tynyshtaldy.  Qazyrshe iyen jatyr, syghandyq jasamay-aq bere salar edim, oghan sizder bizge jana ghana qarap enbek sinirip ýlgermedinizder. Sondyqtan ol jerdi sigha beru memleketimizding tәrtibine ýilespeydi.» (71)

Jongharlar joyylghannan keyin Zaysan manyn nor úranqaylary, Shingilge deyingi aumaqta altay úranqaylary(Qazirgi altay últy) mekendedi.

Sauda

Eki el diplomatiyalyq qatynas ornatqannan keyin ózge shetelderge «esikti jabyq ústau» sayasatyn qoldanyp kelgen Sini ýkimeti qazaqtargha qarata shegarada sauda punkitterin qúrugha maqúl bolady. Osydan song Orta jýzding shyghys bóligi men úly jýzding shyghys bóligi Sini men sauda jasaytyn boldy.

1757-jyl, 15 jeltoqsan. «Abylay Ýrimjide jylqy saudasyn jasau talabyn bildirdi... keler jyly jarmenkede jylqy saudasy ghana jasalady. Eger qazaqtar týie, qoy, jylqy aidap әkep jatsa ony da alayyq, qosynymyzgha olarda qajet. Ýrimjining beti ashyq , jeri ken. Al Túrpan shegaragha minip túr, әri salynghan qambalaryda bar. Qazaqtar úighyrlarmen aralas- qúralas bola berse bas auru tauyp aluymyz mýmkin.(72) Ayakóz Aytansyq degen jerde 1757 jylghy mausym aiynyng basynda Qoymanyraq, Qozymanyraq jane jiynkól degen ýsh jerde túratyn 60 myng qytaymen kelisim jasap,  Erenqabyrgha degen jerde bizding Orynbordaghyday sauda ortalyghyn ashugha kelisim jasasty. Bayymov komandasynyng Bektemir bastaghan bashqúrttary Jobalay degen qazaqtyng 340 jylqysyn úrlap ketipti.(73)

Jobalay Bayseytúly(1730-1818) , kereyding jastaban ruynan.

Sonymen qatar Sini ýkimeti qazaq elin barlaugha arnayy jansyzdar jiberip qazaqtardyng jan-sanyn, rulyq qúramyn, tarihy men handarynyng shejiresi jóninde mәlimetter jinay bastaydy.

1758-jyly sanaq:

Ashamayly kereyding 10000 týtini Túrsynbay batyrdyng biyliginde;

Qúrsary kereyding 2000 týtini IYtqara batyrdyng iyeliginde;

Abaq kereyding 1000 týtini Qojabergen batyrdyng biyliginde;

IYteli kereyding 1000 týtini Jantóre batyrdyng biyliginde;

Abaq kereyding 500 týtini Niyaz batyrdyng biyliginde

Búl derekte kereyler 14500 týtin bolyp 60-70 myng adamgha juyq bolghan. Jalpy orta jýz 700 mynnyng ainalasynda dep kórsetilgen.(74)

Osy dәuirde qazaq ordasyn ainala qamal-bekinistermen qorshap kele jatqan Reseyge de ses retinde qazaq rularyn solardyng bekinisterine jaqyn mangha kóshirtedi. Eki- jaq ara dau-janjaldarda bolyp túrady. Qojabergen bastaghan qazaqtar 1757- jyly qazirgi Aqmola oblysynyng shyghysy, Qaraghandynyng shyghys soltýstiginen kóship Pavlodar jerine barady.

1758-jyl. Kishi kerey bolysynyng Qojabergenge qaraytyn úlysy , onyng qarauynda Bolpaq, Hanghaly Kereku bekinisinde tútqynda bolghan alty adamdy qabyldap aldy. Búlar shegara bekinisining ishine rúhsatsyz mal baqqan Qúdayberdi Saghyndyq, Talal Yrysbay, Tólen Saghyndyq, Baymyrza Alaman, jane altay bolysynyng azamaty Kereybay Kәrijanov, kerey bolysynyng qazaghy Qonysbay.(75)

1758-jyl, 29 nauryz . K. L. Faurendorfqa mayor Qondyrov jazghan qújatta orys bekinisining jerine qazaqtardyng maly týskeni ýshin olardyng iyelerin tútqyngha alghany turaly aitady. Tútqyndaghylar Qojabergen batyrgha qaraytyn adamdar eken... Qonysbay aitty endi tórt kýnde bosatpasandar bekinisti shabamyz, kisilerdi alyp ketemiz- dedi. (76) 1758 jyl 21 shilde. Sini ýkimeti Jonghariyany alghan song Ýrimji, Ile, Tarbaghatay syndy ýsh jerde aldymen bekinister men qalashyqtar sala bastaydy. Jonghariyadan qayytqan qazaqtar men qalmaqtardyng aituyna qaraghanda qytay boghda hany jongharlardan qalghan bos jerlerge qala túrghyzbaq. Qytaylardy әkep qonystandyryp salyq almaq, shegara aimaghynda 180 myng әskeri bar(77)

1757-1758 jyldary Qashqariyany biylegen qoja әuletteri Sinige qarsy kóteriliske shyghady, Qashqar begi Kenje sart qazaqtardan kómek alu ýshin Abylaygha qyzyn úzatady, Abylayda oghan qyz beredi. Qazirgi tanda biz Qashqar ólkesine joryq jasap jatyrmyz, ol jerge joryq jasytynymyzdy olar sezip qoyyp dayyndyq jasap ýlgerdi.(78) Jongharlar joyylghanymen jan saqtap qalghan az sandy qaldyq kýshter әlide bar edi, qazaq batyrlary Jonghariyagha kirip osy mindetti atqarady.

1758-jyly 29 tamyz. Jonghar әskerlerining qaldyghy Ertis boyynda tasalanyp jýrgen, orystar olargha eger bizge baghynbasandar qytay jaghyna habarlasamyz degen. Abylay  30 myng әskermen búlardyng izine týsken. Qytay generaly Agýy Qojabergen batyrgha kezdesip sol jerde Bukuchaghandy izdep jýrgen Nauannyng qazaqtar arasynda ekenin bildim. Qojabergenning inisi Jaubasar meni Bukuchaghan túrghan Baybaraqtyng ýiine aparyp onymen keziktirdi. (79)

1758-jyly Abylay jonghardyng qaldyq kýshterin talqandau joryghyna attanadyda Sini shegarasyna kiredi. Qytaydyng shegara jasaqtaryna úshyrasyp qalghan. Abylay olargha jaghydaydy týsindirip hat jazady hatta : Núraly han, Eraly súltan, rulardan atyghay Qúlsary, Qúleke batyrlardy, nayman Qabanbay batyrdy, qanjyghaly Qoshqarbay batyrdy, kereyden Qojabergen batyrdy qosyp jazyp jiberedi(80)

Osy jyly Qabanbay batyr Ýrimjige 300 jylqy aparyp saudalaydy. Qabanbay turaly bylay aitady: Qabanbay qazaqtyng orta jýzining Qojabergen syndy 4-5 adamynyng ishinde mәrtebesi biyikteui... osylaysha  Abylay men Qojabergenge silyqqa berilgen torghynnan Qabanbayghada bólip bergen song Qabanbay riza boldy.(81) Qojabergenning 15 úlynan taraghan úrpaghy móshermen 30 myng adamnan asqan, olar bәibishe, baybura, qanymbiyke, dýzik siyaqty tórt rugha ainalghan. Qojabergenmen zamanday Qazybek Sәmenbetúlynynda aty osy kezderdegi qújattarda atalady.

1759-jyly 11 tamyz. «Qojabergenning inisi Qazybek, Ómir batyr qatarly 260 tan asa adam , jalpy sany 2600 den asa jylqy aidap kelip , sauda jasasaq dep tilek bildirdi...Qazybek pen Ómir batyr qatarlylar  Ýrimjige qaray attanyp ketti.»(82) Qazybekting úrpaqtarynyng sany 50 mynnan asyp qazybek ruyn qalyptastyrghan. Qojabergenning Baytaylaq, Jandәulet, Qalybay, Ertisbay atty úldarynynda attary derekterde atalady, Qalybay әkesining orynynda qol bastap Jonghariyany sýzip shyghady.

1759-jyly 11 tamyz. «Jongharlar әlide barshylyq, olardyng arasynda quys-quysqa tyghylyp jýrgen qaraqshylarda bar.  Men Baraq Qalybay batyrmen birge 1000 әsker bastap qyrkýiekten beri jaudyng izine týsip Tarbaghatay, Ertis, Zaysan, Shaghan oba, Úlyngir siyaqty jerlerge tintu jýrgizdik. Qaldannyng 100 den asa adamyn, 50 den asa týiesin qolgha týsirdik. Manastan osylay oralghan biz Ile, Búratala, Kóksu, Qaratal, Barlyq, Jәiir , Orqashargha deyin qashyp jýrgen 10 nan astam qaraqshyny ústadyq»(83) Jonghardyng qolastynda bolghan Altay úranqaylary men úranqaylar ol kezde Shyghys Qazaqstannyng Altay betinde jasaytyn. Endigi jerde olarmen aradaghy mal barymtasyda tolastamaydy.

1760-jyly Kókjal Baraq batyr úranqaylardyng malyn búlap ketedi. (84) Sini adamdary siyaqty qazaqtarda, orystarda arnayy adamdaryn jiberip sinidikterding jonghariyadaghy әreketterin baqylap otyrghan. Osy jyly sini imperiyasynyng Ilede qalalar salyp jatqany turaly aitylady(85) Sini ýkimeti qazaqtardyng Tarbaghataygha kiruine shekteu salghany siyaqty , Reseyde dәl soghan úqsas ózderi qamal salyp alghan jerge qazaqtardyng qonystanuyn qalamaghan.

1760-jyly mamyr aiynda general mayor Veymarinnyng Qúlsary batyrgha jazghan hatynda Qoshqarbay batyr tútqyndaghan adamdardy bosatudy súraghan, Qúleke ol adamdardy tabu ýshin qypshaq, kerey, nayman, arghyn, uaq-kerey bolystaryna baru kerek degen. Taghy ol Qúlekeden sizderding adamdarynyz Ertis boyynan ótip jәilap otyrghany qalay dep súraghan(86)

1758-1761 jyldar aralyghynda abaq kereyler Pavlodardaghy Ertis boyyn jәilaghan. Ol manda 10 mynnan asa qazaq әskeri túrghan, qytaygha emes Reseyge qarsy ses kórsetkeni bayqalady. 1760- jyly 19 mamyrda Qúlsary batyrgha baryp qayytqan tynshy  Safar Sәliyevting aituynsha : Nayman Kókjal Baraq batyr qytaygha qarasty úranqaylardy shauyp tútqyn әkelgen. Qytay shegarasyna jaqyn jerde Abylay bastaghan 2000, Qabanbay bastaghan 2000, Qojabergen men Qoshqarbay bastaghan 2000, kókjarly Baraq bastaghan 2000 әsker túr.(87)

1760-jyly Resey patshasy Elizabea atynan Súltanmúhammed súltangha jazghan hatta: Óskemen bekinisi manyndaghy uaq-kerey bolysynyng Toghyly batyr, Qalabay jane Qara batyr, Biytey aqsaqal, Qúlsary batyrdyng úly Andaghúl, uaq-kereyding aqsaqaly Tilepbergen, onyng úly Erden, qypshaq  aqsaqaly Bostan, qazaq Sayman turaly maghlúmattar bar. Barymtagha alynghan jylqylar, taptalghan shabyndyq pen jayylym dauy turaly da aitylady.(88)

1761-jylghy 17 nauryz. Sauda jasaugha(qytaylarmen) eki top qazaq keldi, Qúralbay qatarly 13 qazaq Qojabergenge qarasty eken, 90 nan asa jylqy әkelipti. Al Matan bastaghan 90 nan asa qazaq Abylaydyng adamdary eken, olar 700 den asa jylqy әkelipti, olardy Ýrimjige Basheng bastap әketti.(89)

Shyghysqa kóshken qazaqtar qatarynda ashamayly kereylerdinde bolghany turaly derekter bar. Desede olar ol jaqta kóp túraqtap túrmaghan. Atyghay- qarauyldarda bir mezet shyghysqa barghan, sebebi osy mezgildi Pavlodargha qaray irge kenitu sayasatyn Abylay ózi bastap kiriskeni bayqalady.

1761-jyly 3 shildede Abylaygha baryp qayytqan Goderevting óz bastyghy Rodenge jazghan hatynda: Abylay súltangha barghan song atalghan eki hatty Bayjigit batyr arqyly 23 mausym kýni Qúlsary men Qúlekege berip jiberdim. Kerey ruynyng el aghasy Túrsynbay batyrgha barar jolda qazaqtar meni toqtatyp: « Resey әskeri qytaylarmen soghysyp jatqan joqpa?»- dep súrady. Men olargha : «Bizding qytaylyqtarmen soghysatyn esh sebebimiz joq» -dep jauap qaytardym. Olar: «Semey bekinisining jogharghy Sibir shegara shebine tayau jerde 32 myng qytay әskeri Resey әskerlerimen soghysyp qalypty, soghystyng basynda qytaylar, sonynda orystar jenip olardy quyp salypty»- dedi. Búnday habardy Semey bekinisining qarsy betin jәilaytyn kerey ruynyng qazaqtarynan Túrsynbay batyrgha kelgender jetkizipti.(90)

1761-jyly abaq kereyler taghyda shyghysqa qaray kóship Óskemen manyna barady.

1761-jyly Abylay súltangha Sibir shebining bastyghy Vemarinnyng hatynan: Ertis boyyndaghy sizding úlysynyzdyng qazaqtary, Óskemen bekinisinen jogharyraq jerdegi el aghasy Qojabergennen mynaday negizsiz habar alypty: « Qytaydyng toghyz mynday әskeri Resey jaghynan kelip , Nor Zaysan kóli túsynan Ertisten ótip Qojabergenge jolyghypty. Qytaylar Resey bekinisterine elshyi jiberip qazaqtargha birigip shabuyl jasamaq».- degen qaueset taraghan.(91)

Osy jyly Qojabergen batyr әskerlerimen Zaysan kólining manyna deyin barlau jýrgizip barady. Shamasy 1751-1781 jyldary qazaq ordasynda әr ýiding azamattarynyng bәri attan týspegen tәrizdi, jonghar әlsiregende kýsh alghan qazaqtar er azamattar at ýstynde joryqpen kýn keshken danyqty dәuir bolghanyn Shoqan «Abylay han» atty maqalasynda maqtanyshpen tilge alady.

1761-jyly qarasha. «Biz Qojabergenning adamdarymyz, armiyalarynyzdyng osynda ekenin bilip mәn- jәidi súraghaly kelgenbiz. Qojabergen qazyr Shorgha jerining batysyndaghy Úlysytu jerinde túrady.»(92) Shorgha Zaysan kólining ontýstigindegi jer.

Abaq kerey kóshin bastaghan eki batyr, qart batyr-Qojabergen, jas batyr- Jәnibek. Jogharydaghy derekte 500 ýy abaq kereydi Niyaz batyr basqarady degen. Al Qojabergen bastaghan 1000 ýy men olar bólek kóship jýrgen siyaqty, Jәnibek osy kóshti basqarsa kerek. Eki topqada 1756 jylghy qyrghynda qosylghan qanshama el bar ekeninde eskeru kerek.

Er Jәnibek batyr turaly derekte naghashysy Qazybek biyding ýiinen dәm tatyp onan keyin kóshedi. Kóshuding aldynda Shynghystau men Baqanas, Kóksala degen jerlerdi mekendegen eken.(93) Demek búl retki Qalbataugha baghyttalghan kósh soltýstikke baghyttalghan. Búl kósh 1764 jyldan keyin bolsa kerek, Qazybek by 1765 jyly qaytys bolghan, Jәnibek 1764 jyly qyrghyz joryghynda kózge týsken.

1763-jyly11 qyrkýiekte Abylay súltannyng Fon. Frauendorfqa jazghan hatynan:

«Bizding uaq bolysynyng Derbisәli batyry men uaq Eleuken degenderde úranqaylyqtar bar. Demek Derbisәlini ústasandar qolgha týspese kerey bolysynan Túrsynbaydy, Úmyardy ústandar. Barlyq tútqyndarynyzdy qaytaryp beredi. Búlardyng bәri Semey, Óskemen bekinisining manyn jәilaydy. (94)

1758-jyldan bastap negizgi sauda Sini men bolghany bayqalady.

1764-jyly 25 aqpan. «Abylaygha, Qojabergenge, Qarabaraqqa qarasty  Túighyn qatarly 110 nan astam qazaqtar saudalasugha keldi.700 den asa jylqy әkelipti, 523 jylqyny aiyrbastap aldyq. (95)

27-qyrkýiek. Qojabergenge qarasty Janúzaq qatarly 100 den asa qazaqtar saudagha kelipti. Olar 200 den asa jylqy, 12 siyr, 2000 nan asa qoy әkelipti.(96)

1764-jyly 24 qazan.  Abylay súltan turaly bashqúrt Shýkirding jazbasy. «Qytaygha qaraghan qyrghyzdar Iledegi qazaqtargha ýsh mәrte shabuyl  jasaghan, auyldaryn tonap-talap ketken. Qyrghyzdar kóp qazaqty tútqyngha alghan. Osyghan baylanysty Ábilmanbet han Abylaygha búiryq berip jar salyp әsker jinap joryqqa dayyndalghan.(97)

1765-jyl mausym aiy. Ábilpeyiz uannyng haty. «... qyrghyzdar jarlyqqa baghynbay bizdi eki ret shapty, bir shapqanda 70 adamdy, endi bir shapqanda 500 adamdy olja etip alyp ketti. Al maldyng sany esepsiz» (98) Shoqan Uәlihanov jazyp alghan «Abylay» atty jyrdada qyrghyz Sadyr men Esenqúldyng Týrkistanda sartty alghanyn, qonyratpen semiz naymandy shapqanyn aitady. Jaughash Arqadaghy Abylaygha aryz aita keledi, Abylay ýsh jýzden qol jiyady, әsirese kerey men uaqtan kóbirek jiypty.(99)

Er Jәnibek batyr jyrynda 18 jasynda qyrghyz Sadyrmen jekpe-jekke shyqqany aitylady, búl soghys jongharlarmen aradaghy soghystan keyin qyrghyzben arada bolghan alghashqy soghys edi. Jәnibekting 18 jasynda túnghysh jekpe-jegide osy qyrghyzdyng Sadyr balasymen bolady.(100) Abylaydyng eluden asqan kezi, jyrda Abylay 40 tan asqan adam dep kórsetiledi. Osy joryqta Jәnibek kózge týsedi, Abylay hannan aq tu alady. Ol kezde Abylaydyng aqylshylarynyng biri Tilenshi dep kórsetilgen(101) , onyng әkesi Bekbolat 1714 jyly tughan, onda Bekbolat elude , Tilenshi otyzdar shamasynda bolady. Asqar Tatanay deregi boyynsha Jәnibek Qazybek biyding qyzynan tughan jiyeni. Búl derekter Jәnibek 1746 jyly tuylghan, oghan sol kezde eluding ortasyna kelgen Shaqshaq Jәnibek at qoyghan, 1751 jylghy Lamadorjynyng shapqyny kezinde әkesi soghysta qaza tapqan, ýitkeni 5-úrpaghy Ybyray 1927 jyldary ýlken adam, bir úrpaqty 30 jyldan dep eseptegende, besinshi atasy 18-ghasyrdyng 40 ynshy , eluinshi jyldaryna barady.

Ata meken Altaygha kóshu iydeiyasy

Búrynghy qazaqtarda jazba tarih bolmaghanymen auyzsha jetken shejire men ata-babalarynyng әngnmeleri men anyzdary úrpaqqa jetip otyrghan. 1580 jyldary Altaydan aughany ras bolsa, onda arada 5-6 úrpaq aunady, jetinshi atasy jatqan jerdi úmytuy mýmkin emes. Kereyden shyqqan Shaqantay batyr 1706 jyly Sauyr tauynda dýniyege kelgen delinedi. 1699 jyly Seren Dondop Tәuke hangha joryq jasaghan eken, Jәnibekting atasy Sarymen tuysqan 13 aghayyndynyng qyrylghany osy uaqytqa say keletin siyaqty. Demek 1720 jyldardada Altayda bolyp shapqynshylyqta auyp ketkender bolghany bayqalady. Abylay hannyng sayasaty boyynsha Jonghar iyelegen qazaq jerin qaytaryp alu kerek, osyghan baylanysty endigi jerde abaq kereylerge Altaygha qaytu turaly idiologiyalyq ýgitter jýrgizilgeni bayqalady.

1766-jyly 29 sәuir. Qytay jerine rúhsatsyz kirip mal jәighan qazaqtardy jazalau jóninde. «Qazaqtardyng 500 týtini Zaysan kóline qaray ótip , qualasaqta ketpegen song , Qojabergendi ýsh kýn ústap otyrdyq. Oghan sógis aityp 392 jylqy aiyp tólettik. Qazaqtar qashyp kóshe jónelgende 325 jylqysy qalyp qoyypty. (102)

Jyljy kóshken kereyler 1765- jyly Zaysan kóline baryp túraqtaydy, búl Qojabergen batyrdyng kóshi, al Jәnibek bastaghan el Qalba tauyna, onan shyghysta Kókpektige jetedi. 1765-jyly 22 qarasha. « Biz Zaysan kólining manynda túratyn 500 týtin qazaqty quyp jibermek bolyp edik, olar jyljymay qoydy... Bizding Qojabergen batyrymyz 1000 әsker dayarlap osynda qonystanghan, senderding az әskerlerinnen kim qorqady» dedi. Bastap kelgen әskerlerimiz arqyly qazaqtardy quugha shamamyz jetpey-aq qoydy»(103) Osy kezdegi mәlimetterde qazirgi kýnde sany 30 mynnan asqan Bazarqúl ruynyng atasy-Bazarqúldynda aty atalady. «Býgin qazaq Bazarqúldan týsken aryzda aityluynsha  beri ótkender qarsylyq jasamapty, al Uday Qojabergendi ústap onyng malyn tartyp alghan.» (104)

1766-jyly 21 mamyr. «... Ertis ózeninen ótken shaqta kókjaraq kerey(Jәntekeyding búrynghy atauy)  taypasynyng Baraq batyry men Bazarqúl esimdi adamyna kezigip qaldyq»(105). Búndaghy Baraq jәntekeyding Shýiynshalysynyng balasy. Onyng Hankeldi, Taylaq degen úldarynan eki ru qalyptasqan, olardyng kóbi Bayanólgeyde túrady. Osy mezgilderde qújattarda abaq kereyding taghybir әigili batyry- Shaqabay batyr atalady. Shaqabay Jәnibek batyrgha ústaz bolghan, keyin aty jәntekeyge úran bolghan adam.

1766-jyly 9 mamyr men mausym arasy. «Zaysan kólining jaghalauyna jetip 400-500 týtin qazaqtar túratyndyghyn bayqadym. Olardy qumaq bolyp edik shu shyghardy, olardy bastap jýrgen eki adamgha yaghny Shaqabay men Qojabergenge bylay dedik: Bizding qarauyl beketimiz Qatúnqaraghaygha deyin keneytilip qúryluda,  senderding búl jerlerge qonystanularyna bolmaydy, dereu Qatúnqaraghaydan ary shyghyp ketinder- dedik. Olar:

«Bizde úly Ejenning qyzmetindegi adamdarmyz, búl jerge biz qystau ýshin kelip qonystanghanbyz , kóship baratyn jerimiz joq» degen.(106) Shaqabay batyr 1688 jyly tuylghan, osy jyly 78 jasqa kelgen eken.

Osylaysha Qojabergen men Shaqabay bastaghan qazaqtar 1765 jyldan bastap Zaysan manyn meken ete bastaydy. Shaqabaydyng úrpaqtary ósip qazyrgi kýnde 10000 týtinnen, 50000 adamnan asqan. Olar Altay, Sanjy, Ýrimji, Qúmyl aimaqtarynda, Qazaqstan, Týrkiya, Europa elderinde túrady. Tәtiqara jyraudyng aituynsha kerey Jabay batyrda myqty batyrlardyng biri retinde aitady.(107) Jabay batyr úrpaqtary kónsadaq ruynyng negizin qúraydy. Manchjurler qazaqtargha qatty senbegen. 1864 jylgha deyin qazaqtardy tolyqqandy Sini imperiyasynyng azamattary retinde qabyldamaghan.

1767-jyly 26 qyrkýiek. «Uaq- kerey taypasynyng adamdary Qojabergen men Qazybektin  úldary Jandәulet, Bekmyrza kelip eki at tartu etti. Olardan sharualaryn súraghanda esh sharuasy joq ekenin tek әkelerining ekeuin әmbangha amandasugha jibergenin aitty. Biz eki atty alyp Qojabergen men Qazybekke tartu retinde bir top torqa men eki top maqpal berdik.»(108)

«Abaq kerey shejiresi» atty kitapta jәntekey Qazybekting jeti úlynyng biri- Bekmyrza dep kórsetilgen. «1767 jyly  tamyz aiynda Sini ýkimeti  Abylay hangha: Qazaqtar Ile qatarly jerlerge kelip mal baghuyna bolady»- dep úqtyrady»(109)

Qazaqtardyng búl kóshinde nayman rulary Tarbaghatay jaqqa, kereyler Altay jaqqa, Alban-suandar Ile jaqqa kóshken, olardy keri kóshiruge qansha tyrysqanymen bizde bodanynbyz dep qasarysyp kóshpey qoyghan song Sini olardyng kóship kelip mekendeuine amalsyz rúhsat bergen.

1767-jyly 20 qazan. «Qoqan begi Erdenbekting ininiz Eskendirdi, onyng 4 birdey úlyn óltirgenin,, әieli men ózge balalaryn ústap ketkenin, sonan oghan qaray attanys jasadynyzdarda birtalay adamyn óltirdinizder. Erden Bishkek qamalyna bekinip aldyrtpady dep 20 myng әsker jane zenbirek súrapsyz, búnnyz orynsyz.»(110) Qoqan ghana emes qyrghyzdarda qazaqtardy osy jyldary qatty shabady, sol ýshin Abylay 1768 jyly taghyda qyrghyzgha attanady. Búl joryqta Qabanbay Áteke jyryqty alady. Búl joryq 1770 jylgha deyin sozylghan, qyrghyzdargha ýlken apat әkelgen soghys retinde- «Jәiil qyrghyny» atymen belgili. «Qabanbay» jyryndada Jәnibekting osy joryqtaghy erlikteri bayandalady.

Qúrbanghaly Halidy ózining «Taraurih hamsa» enbeginde:

«Abylay han kezinde batyr , sardar bolghandar: Qara kerey Qabanbay, Altybay batyr, Aqtanberdi batyr, matay Shónkey batyr, kerey Jәnibek batyr, bura Aqbantay batyr, qanjyghaly Bógenbay batyr, basentin Malaysary batyr...» (111)

Osy joryqtan song qoqan uaqytsha әlsirep Tashkentti qazaqtar qayta iyeleydi.

1768 jyl23-28 nauryz. 1768 jyly 23 nauryz, kerey ruynyng el aghasy Qúdaymendige qaraytyn qazaq Baraq Túraev Troisk bekinisine kelip Abylay súltannyng Tashkent jaghymen tatulasqanyn aiytqan. 28 nauryzda Abylaygha qaraghan kerey ruynyng qazaghy Saghyndyq Mәmbetov mynany habarlady: «Abylay  qytay Boghda hanyna 11 adam jiberip , Hodjent biyleushisi Erden bekpen soghysu ýshin әsker súrapty... Alayda kereyler men Dәuit súltangha qarasty úlystar qytaygha baghynghysy kelmey qarsylyq bildirude. Abylay byltyr Tashkentke joryq jasady, Tashkenttikter qarsy túra almay súraghan salyghyn berdi. Qazyr Tashkent Abylaydyng jane qazaqtardyng biyliginde.(112)

Qazaqtargha qonystanugha rúhsat beru

1769-jyly 17 sәuir.  Abylaydyng úly Uәly súltannyng Pekinge sapary turaly Qytay patshasynyng jarlyghynan:

«... Oirat, qazaq bәri mening qarasham. Baghynghandargha qonys berilui tiyis»...(113)

Osydan song abaq kerey kóshi aqyryndap shyghysqa jyljy beredi. 1770 jyldary Altaydyng Qytaygha qaraghan betine ótedi.

Kerey kóshi Qalba, Manyraq, Zaysan kóli manyna kelip irge tebedi. Brei jaghy Úlyngir kóline deyin kelip mekendeydi.(114)

Kerey Altaygha kelgen song ondaghy altay-telengitter, dórbitter, úranqaylarmen qaqtyghysbay qalghan joq. «Er Jәnibek» jyrynda Altaygha kelgennen keyin Kegen mongholy kelip shabady, elge tize batyryp salyq salady, keyining malyn shauyp alady. Búny estigen Jәnibek Qabanbay batyrgha kisi salyp, eki batyr qol bastap olarmen soghysyp Altaydan Qobdagha asyrady.(115)

Búl soghys 1770 jyldan búryn bolghan, ýitkeni Qabanbay 1770 jyldardan keyin qaytys bolghan. 1771 jyly Edil qalmaqtaryn Úbash bastap 33 myng ýi, 170 mynnan asa adam shyghysqa ýdere kóshedi, Abylay bastaghan 50 myng qazaq әskeri men soghysyp kóbi jolda qyrghyn tabady. 1771 jyly mamyr aiy. Torghauyttar Ilege kelip baghyndy 40000-50000 day adamy ghana qalghan. Osy mezgilde Esaghasy (Bayymbet) aqsaqal óz jerlerinde jút bolatynyn sezip Sauyrgha kelip mal otarlatady, ol kezde torghauyttarda jana qonystanyp jatyr eken(116).

Esaghasy mal men jerding jәiina qanyq dana adam bolghan eken, jút bolatynyn aldyn-ala auyp jatqan qonyr andardyng betalysynan sezedide, osy andargha ilesip Sauyr tauyna kelgende andar jәilap qalady, Esaghasy qart búl jerge jút jýrmeytinin sezedi. Auylynyng bar jylqysyn osynda ikeldiredi, al qalghan elding jylqysynyng deni júttan qyrylady, Esaghasy 500 tu bie aidatyp elge taratady, el bie sýtine qayyng saughanda shyqqan suyn qosyp iship aman qalady.(117)

1771-jyly Abylay han ýsh jýzding úly hany bolyp saylanady, kereyler hannyng eng negizgi qoldaushylary bolady. Ábilqayyr men Ábilmanbet qaytys bolghannan keyin, qazaqtyng ýsh jýzi – úly jýz, orta jýz, kishi jýzding handary men súltandary, Tashkent pen Týrkistannyng ýlken- kishisi tilek qosyp , 1771 jyly Týrkistan qalasynda, bizding músylman júrtynyng әuliyesi Qoja Ahymet Yasauy ziratynda óz dәstýrimiz boyynsha, qúran ústap, qol jәiip meni ýsh alashtyng hany etip , aq kiyizge salyp kóterdi.(118)

«Abylay súltan handyq lauazymdy Edil qalmaqtaryn qughannan keyin alghanyn, úsh jýzding han-súltandary men el aghalary, kerey, Tashkent, Týrkistannyng iygi -jaqsylarynyng qoldauymen basqa barlyq handardyng ýstinen qaraytyn han bolyp saylanghanyn aitty»(119)

Osydan keyinde qyrghyzben ara tynysh bolmaydy, mal barymtasy kýsheyedi. 1771 jyly 10 qarasha. Ábilpeyizding haty. «Qyrghyzdar kelip elding shetinen siyr tabynyn barymtalap alyp ketti. Abylay, Ábilpeyiz bolyp kektenip qyrghyzgha attanbaq boldyq(120)

1772-jyly 2 qyrkýiekte Abylay han :

«Óz tarapymyzdan qypshaq, jaghalbayly, qanjyghaly, saryjetim- shaqshaq, kerey, qarauyl, uaq bolystaryna jane basqalaryna habar taratyp búdan bylay Resey jaghyna ayaq baspauyn, adamy men malyna tiyispeuin qatty eskertip qoydyq»- degen. (121)

Qonysqa rúhsat turaly

1773-jyly 11 jeltoqsan. Qytay patshasynyng shegaradaghy әskery qyzmetshilerge jarlyghynan.

«Abylay qazaq jerindegi torghauyttargha torghauyt jerindegi qazaqtardy aiyrbastau turaly tilek bildiripti. Búlay isteu qajetsiz, Torghauyttar Edilden beri qaray aughanda qazaqtar olardyng kóp adamyn tútqyndap alyp qalghan.(122)(123)

1773-jyl 26 qantar. Qazaq tútqynynda bolghan Edil qalmaghy Deregardyng aitqanynan:

«... Balqash kólinen ótkende atymyzdyng ayaghy synyp qazaqtardyng qolyna týstik, meni siban kerey bolysynyng qazaghy Qojanazar Sәttibay iyelendi.(124)

1774-jyly 8 nauryz. Orys súltannyng A. D. Skalongha jazghan haty.

« Kim qaydan Reseyden aidap әkelgen maldar men tútqyndar bolsa qaytarsyn...Atap aitqanda: 1)Qarakerey nayman eline Ábilpeyiz súltangha; 2) Kókjarly elining elaghasy Baraq batyrgha 3) kereyding el aghasy Úmaya batyrgha...»(125)

Abaq kerey shyghysqa kóshse Aqmola manyndaghy ashamayly kereyler Rsesy shegarasy bolghan Petropavl, Qostanay jaqqa bólinip kóshedi. 1774 jylghy 23 sәuir. Abylay hangha qaraytyn uaq-kereyding qazaghy Temirbay Óteshevting Petr aghzam bekinisine kelip aitqandary. «Joghalghan zattardyng ishinde túlyp, kezdik, qanjar, kireuke-sauyt, tymaq, er- túrmanymen Túrsynbay degen qazaqtiki edi. Atalghan Túrsynbaydyng qazasy kisiden kelgen, anyq kim óltirgenin bilmeymin. Presnov redutynan qyrgha qaray qoy-eshkisin  jәiip jýrgende Túrsynbaydy belgisiz bireu atyp ketipti.(126)

1775-jyl 12shilde. Ábilpeyizding haty.

« Óz atamnyng taghynda otyrghanymda qyrghyz mal barymtalady, oghan Hanqoja tóre, Baraq batyr 4000 әskermen barghan eken, qyrghyzdar: «el bolamyn, aq ýili amanat beremin»- dep aldap jeti kýn qondyryp qayta búlap ketipti. Qayta kelip shapyrashty degen eldi olja etip alyp ketipti. Onan keyin Abylay hanmen eki týmen(20000) kisi baryp 4000 kisisin aldyq. (127)

1775-jyldary Abylay 20 myng qolmen kelse, Abylaydyng 20 myng әskeri bolghan dep «qyzyl qyrghyz tarihy» atty kitaptyng avtory- Bilek Soltonovta jazady.

1778-jyl nauryz aiy. Ábilpeyizding haty. «Byltyr qyrghyz alty auyl qazaqty shauyp ketti, eluin tútqyndap maldaryn týgel barymtalap ketti.» (128). Osy kezde qoqandyqtar taghy qútyrynyp Tashkentti qayta basyp alady. Osydan song Abylay taghyda qyrghyz ben qoqangha attanady.

1778-jyl. Qúlybek batyrdyng Abylay han jayynda aitqandarynan.

«Abylay han Kishi Búhara tóniregindegi qalalarda túratyn tau qyrghyzdaryna attanbaq niyetpen, ózining ejelgi mekeni Kókshetaudan alysqa qaray kóship ketpek bolghan. Resey qazaq eline shabuyl jasamaq dep el dýrliktirgen. Alayda Resey imperiyasyna shyn berilgen Bayjigit Saytan,  Bekbolat pen Kenjebay siyaqty atyghay-qarauyl, kerey, qaqsal,  jane qarakesek rularynyng el aghalary el tynyshtyghyn búzbay, Abylaygha ermey qalghan. Taghy Abylaydyng artynan kisi jiberip Kókshetaugha kóship kelsin, eger qayytpaytyn bolsa , Resey shegarasyna jaqyn jýrgen qazaqtargha búdan bylay onyng biyligi jýrmeydi- dep sәlem aitqan. (129)

Abylaydyng Kókshetaudan Týrkistangha keluining basty sebebi bolsa -Qoqannyn, qyrghyzdyng qazaqtyng ontýstik shegarasyna qaupy, tynymsyz shapqynshylyqtary deuge bolady.

Taratyp shejire qyp jazghan hatym,

Kereyding on eki abaq atap atyn.

Eki jýz otyz jyl bop qalghan eken,

Altayda shygharghaly qazaq atyn. (130) Aqyn búl ólenin 1909 jyly jazghan. Búdan Altaygha kelgen jyl 1770 jyl ekenin kóruge bolady.

Jastaban atasynyng arqada qaluy

Shaqantay batyr bastaghan jastaban elinen 200 ýy kóshpey Shúbartauda qalady. Batyrdyng 22 úly, 30 qyzy bolghan, úrpaghy ósip ruly elge ainalady. Keyin osy Shúbartau kereyi eki bolys elge ainalady.

Abaq kereyding Altay betine alghashqy qonystanuy myynaday bolypty:

Qaraqas Bayqan batyr, jәntekey Barlybay batyr, sherushi Shúbash batyr, molqy Eshtaghan batyr bastaghan qaraqas, molqy, sherushi, jәntekeyding shýiinshaly atalary Ertisten ótip Altaydyng batys qaptalyna ótip ,Naryn, Kýrshim , Qaljyr ózenderining saghasyn, Marqakóldi mekendedi. Zaysannyng batysyndaghy Ertisting osy ótkeli «qaraqas ótkeli» atanyp keledi. Al Qotyraq Bazarqúlúly bastaghan jәntekeyding kóbi , merkit, iyteli, shybarayghyr t. b rulary Ertisten ótpey Qalbadan tartyp Zәisan óniri, Kókpekti, Kendirlik, Kishkenetau, Manyraq, Sauyr-Sayqan qatarly jerlerge ornyqty.(131)

Búl shamasy 1760-1770 jyldardaghy qonystanu, búghan qaraghanda 1770 -1780 jyldary abaq kereyding deni әlide Qazaqstannyng shyghysynda , Qytaymen shegara aumaqtarda bolghanyn kóruge bolady.

1778-1781 jyldary Abylay qoqan men qyrghyz mәselesin sheshu ýshin joryqqa taghy attanady.

1779-jyly 13 tamyz. Abylay hannyng Orynbor gubernatory I. Reynedorfqa haty.

«Mening qolastyma úly jýz ben kishi jýzde qaraydy, úly jýz Týrkistan men Tashkentting manynda. Sol aimaqta mening qarauymdaghy qazaqtarmen soghysyp, tynyshyn alyp, qysym jasap jýrgen qyrghyzdar bar. Olar qaruly qolmen qazaq auyldaryn shauyp , әielder men balalardy tartyp әketip otyrady. (132)

1781-jyly qantar. Abylay Týrkistan men Tashkent arasyndaghy qyrghyzdardy baghyndyru ýshin kómekke orys әskerin súraghan. Ol tilegi jýzege aspaghan song óz oiyn jýzege asyrmaqqa kiristi.(133) Abylay úly jýzding Bolat hanymen birigip tau qyrghyzdaryn shapqan, alghashqy eki rette ensere almay, ýshinshi ret qalyng qolmen tútqiyldan tiyip jengen(134)

1781-jyly Abylay Tashkentti baghyndyryp qaytqan jolynda qaytys bolady, Tashkenttikter ulaghan degen qaueset bar, biraq anyq emes. Abylay ketkennen keyin qazaqtyng handyghy birtindep әlsirey bastaydy.

1784-jyly abaq kerey tóre izdeydi , Tauasar by bastaghan 17 adam Ábilmanbet hannyng úly Ábilpeyiz úrpaqtarynan Kógedaydy tandaydy   (135) Kógedaydy 1785- jyly Qalba tauynda tóre etip saylaydy (136) Desede 1737 jyldaryda abaq kereydi Ábilmanbet basqarghanyn jogharyda kórdik, sondyqtan Kógedaydan búryn kereydi tóre biylemegen degen teris pikir.

On eki abaqtyng qalyptasuy

1758 jylghy Sini dereginde abaq kerey, iyteli kerey degen ataulardy ghana kóremiz, al 12 abaq kerey atalu 1780 jyldardan keyin ornyqqanyn kóruge bolady. Kógedaydy 1785 jyly tóre etip kótergende 12 abaqtan 12 myqty jigit ony kóterip Qalbataudyng biyigine shyqqan deydi, búghan qaraghanda 12 abaq atauy men qúrlymy osy kezden bastap qalyptasa bastaghan siyaqty.

Jәnibek jyrynyng taghy bir núsqasynda:

Jәnibek jeti júldyz- jetiqaraqshy, temir qazyq, aqbozat, kókbozat,  eki arqan, qaraqshy syndy on eki júldyzgha say ata sanyn on ekige túraqtandyrady.(137) 12 jyl mýshelimde jaugha shaptym, 12 zor shәiqasqa týstim. 12 ai, dep yrymdaghan.

«Kógeday 1790 jyly  18 jasynda Qobda arqyly Pekinge baryp Syanlun patshamen kezigip ózin, abaq kerey elin, meken- jerin tanystyryp gýng shenin alady. Patsha 12 abaq kereydi, Altaydyng kýn betinen Zaysan kóli jaghasyna deyingi jerin dansagha alyp, jylyna patshagha 81 at salyq berip túratyn etedi. Búl salyq «Sarnoqtanyng salyghy» atanyp 1861 jylgha deyin jalghasady.(138) Syanlun patshagha Toghyz tartu tartady, búl kóne týrkining toghyzdy qasiyetti san dep qaraytyn yrymyna baylanysty .

Asqar Tatanayúlynyng deregi boyynsha Kógedaydy Pekinge attandyrghan jer-Kókpekti, oghan kereyden Barlybay, Shúbash, Jantory, Bayqan qatarly bedeldi adamdar erip barghan(139) Búdan 1770 jyldary abaq kerey Altaydyng Qytaygha qaraghan jaghyna ótkenimen әlide edauyr toby Shyghys Qazaqstannyng Zaysan, Kókpekti, Katonqaraghay jaqta otyrghanyn biluge bolady, búl jaghyday 1883 jyly eki imperiya shegara kelisimin jasaghangha deyin jalghasty.

1760 jyldardyng sonyna ala(1770-1780) kósh jalghasty shyghysqa ilgerilep qazirgi Qytaygha qarasty Altay betine óte bastaydy. Aldymen Marqakólden ary Qaba, Alqabek, Bilezik, Sauyr(Qazirgi Jemeney), Buryltoghaygha deyin mal otarlatady. Búl ónirler negizi iyen jatady eken. 1770 jyldardan bastap molqy, qaraqas, sherushi, jәntekeyding shýiinshaly rulary Alqabek, Bilezik, Qaba, Buyrshynn ózenderin saghalay ornalasty, onan ary jyljyp Qyran ózenining qúighany Kóksu, Balbaghaygha(Qazirgi Altay qalasyna qarasty jerler) jetti. (140) Kóshty bastaghandar endigi jerde Qotyraq úly Bazarqúl, Bayqan, Eshtaghan, Shúbash qatarly jas batyrlar bolady. Sherushy Shúbash batyr 1790 jyldary Marqakólde 800 ýimen jaylaghan eken. Sherushining jane bir jas batyry Jantúyaq auylymen Qalutangha baryp jәilәp, qysta Sauyrdy qystaghan, 80 nen asyp qaytys bolyp sýiegi Jemeneyding Tosty degen jerine qoyylghan eken.

1788-jyly Kógeday súltan Tarbaghatay әmbanyna Kóshimbay atty elshisin jibergen.(141)

Jәnibek batyr 1798 jyly qaytys bolghan, sýiegi Qalbatauda jerlengen (142) Ýitkeni osy jyrdy jazghan Ybyray Botay úly Jәnibek batyrdyng 5- úrpaghy, sondyqtan senimdirek dep qaraugha bolady. Búl jyrdy 1927 jyly jazghan eken. Aqyt qajy Jәnibek batyr 80 jastan asqan deydi ol boyynsha 1836 jyldary qaytys bolghan bolady. Desede auyz әdebiyette týrli núsqalar, naqty tarihy chisla bolmaghandyqtan týbegeyli shyndyq retinde qabyldau qiyn.

Abaq kerey kóship barghan jerlerde ol kezderi Sini imperiyasy әkimshilik qúrlymdar qúryp, qalalar túrghyzyp ýlgergen edi, búlda bolsa 1757-1767 jyldar arasynda qazaqtardy keri qughanyna basty sebepterding biri. Ol jerlerge ornyghyp qamaldar salyp , salyq jýiesi men biraz imigranttaryn kóshirip bolghan song baryp qazaqtargha esik ashqan tәrizdi. Abaq kerey mekendegen jerlerding Altay tauy Uliyastay genaralyna qaraytyn Qobda әkimshilik aimaghy bolsa, Zaysan-Sauyr jaghy Tarbaghatay әmbanyna qarady, Tarbaghatay әmbanyn Ile generaly basqaratyn.

Qobda kómekshi uәziri Sin әuleti kezinde Mongholiyanyng Qobda aimaghynyng basqarushysy bolghan. Syanilun imperatorynyng biyligining 26-shy jylynda (1761) taghayyndalghan ol Qobda qalasynda qyzmet etken. Olar Uliastay generalyna baghynghan, kereyler mekendegen Ertisting soltýstik jaghy bolghan Altaydyng kóp jeri osy Qobdagha qarady. Altay úranqaylary(Altay últy) men Altay nor úranqaylary Uliastay generalynyng qolastyndaghy Qobda aqylshy әmbysna qaraytyn. (143)

Uliastay generalynyng qaramaghyndaghy әskery aimaqqa Syrtqy Mongholiyanyng Týshet handyghy, Sheshen handyghy, Sayn Noyan handyghy jәne Zasagtu handyghy, sonday-aq Tannu Urianhay men Hovd kirdi. Búl aumaq shamamen qazirgi Mongholiyanyng kóp bóligine (Darigangiya jayylymy siyaqty aimaqtardy qospaghanda); Reseydegi býkil Tuva jәne Altay respublikalaryna, Altay ólkesining ontýstik-shyghys bóligine, Hakasiya Respublikasynyng ontýstik bóligine jәne Kemerovo oblysynyng ontýstik bóligine; Qytaydyng Shynjandaghy Altay aimaghynyng soltýstik bóligine; jәne Qazaqstandaghy Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysynyng shyghys bóligining bir búryshyna sәikes keledi. Szyasin biyligi kezindegi *Da Sin Y Tong Chji* (Sin әuletining keshendi habarshysy) basylymynyng qayta qaralghan núsqasynda Uliastay generalynyng qaramaghyndaghy aimaq Uliastay qolbasshylyghy dep anyqtalghan. (144)(145)

1755-jyly, Syanilun imperatorynyng biylik qúrghan 20-shy jylynda, Sin әuleti Jonghar handyghyn jaulap aldy, al Tarbaghatay aimaghy onyng aumaghyna qosyldy. Kereyler osy Tarbaghataydyng Zaysan kóli manyna kóship bardy.

Tarbaghatay ýlken jaqtan Ile generalyna baghyndy. 1762 jyly Ilege әskery qolbasy qoyyldy, Ming Rýy túnghysh general edi. Onan keyin Agýy 1767-1768 general boldy. 1768 jyly Elitu, Onan keyin IYúngýi(1769) bolyp  jyl sayyn almasyp otyrghan. Keyin kele Shynjanda jalpy 40000 nan asa Sini әskeri túrdy.  Qosyn negizinen manchjur, monghol, daghúr, sibelerden qúraldy, jasyl tulylar han yaghny qytaydan qúralsada olar negizi eginshilikpen ainalysty. 1764-1765 jyldary 8 mynnan astam sibe әskeri jótkep әkelingen, taghy Búratalagha chahar mongholdary әkelingen.  Olar kóbinde shegara qorghaugha, qazaq pen monghol ara jәiilim daularyn sheshuge jauapty bolghan. (146)

Sonymen birge Sini ýkimeti Qashqariyadan 1760 jyldardan bastap úighyrlardy Ilege kóshire bastady. 1768 jyly olardyng sany 40 mynnan asyp ketken. (147)

1764-jyly, Syanilun imperatorynyng biylik qúrghan 29-shy jylynda, ýlken uәzir Choledo Jasyl tuly armiyasynyng әskerlerin búrynghy Torghút jayylymy Yarda, Chjaofen qalasy (qazirgi Ýrjar, Qazaqstan) dep atalatyn qalany salugha basqardy. Sol jyly Tarbaghataydyng ýlken uәziri taghayyndalyp, Chjaofen qalasyna ornalastyryldy. 1766 jyly, Syanilun imperatorynyng biylik qúrghan 31-shi jylynda, Yardyng suyq klimatyna baylanysty, sol kezdegi ýlken uәziri Aguy Yardan batysqa qaray 200 ly jerdegi Chuhuchuda (qazirgi Shәueshek qalasy) qala saludy ótindi. Syanilun imperatory qalagha Suyszin qalasy atauyn berdi, al Tarbaghataydyng ýlken uәziri Suyszin qalasyna kóshirildi. Osydan keyin Suyszin qalasy Tarbaghatay qalasy nemese jay ghana Shәueshek qalasy dep te ataldy. Tarbaghataydyng ýlken uәzirining qaramaghyndaghy aimaq Tarbaghatay dep ataldy. Onyng aumaghy shyghysta Bayshangha (Bәitik tauy), soltýstiginde Ulungur ózenine (Ulungur ózeni), Buryltoghaygha (Ulungur kóli) jәne Qobdamen shektesetin Ertis ózenine, batysynda Balqash kóline, ontýstik-batysynda Ilemen shektesetin Lebush ózenine jәne ontýstiginde Gurbantýngýt(Qúbynyng qúmy) shóline deyin sozylyp jatyr.(148)

Kógeday 1800 jyly Tarbaghatay әmbanyna taghyda elshi jibergen.

1788-jyly Hanqojanyng haty.

«Ýlken Hyby әmbangha Kógeday inimnen hat jiberdim» (149)

1818-jyl. Kógedaydyng haty. 13 mausym

«... Bizding jazghan hattyng ishindegi jerimiz tar, jәiilisimiz joq degenning jauabyna tilegendering jón bolmady degendi qghyndym. Mening aiytqanym: Byltyr qar kóp jauyp , mal qyrylyp, júrtymyz kelip qarauyldyng ishine qonamyz degende men kirmender úlyq general, Hyb әmbandardan qonys súrayyn degen edim...» (150)

Búl hatan Singe qarasty jerdi jәilap otyrghanymen kereyler qazaq ordasynan qol ýzbegenin, kerisinshe olardy Sini ýkimeti óz búqarasy retinde tanymaghanyn, vassal retinde qarap shegara aimaqta túruyna jol qoyghanyn kóruge bolady.

1820 jylghy derektegi abaq kerey rulary mynalar bolghan:

Jastaban, jәdik, shybarayghyr, sherushi, ashamayly kerey, abaq kerey, kónsadaq, iyteli, molqy, kókshyghysh kerey, siban kerey, qaraqas, merkit, toqymbet kerey.(151) Búlardyng ishinde kókshyghys kerey men abaq kerey keyingi jәntekeyler, 1820 jyldardaghy Izqúttybatyr jәntekeyding 6- úrpaghy, 1820 jyldardan keyin jeti atagha tolghan song jәntekey atasy , onan keyin jәntekey ruyna ainalghan. Al sarbas ruy keyin jastaban ruynan bólinip shyghady, oghan taghy qúltaybolat qosylyp 12 ru bolady, sarbastan búryn 12 rudyng birine sibannan taraytyn shimoyyndar kirgen. Jәntekeyding úryn- Shaqabay, jәdikting úrany-Janat, sherushining úrany- Baytaylaq, qaraqastyng úrany- Qaptaghay, molqynyng úrany- Mashan, iytelining úrany- Búqarbay, shybarayghyrdyng úrany- Qojabergen, jastaban men sarbastyng úrany- Sartoqay, merkitting úrany- Qúlsary, kónsadaqtyng úrany- Jabay bolghan. Al shyghystaghy ashamayly kerey kóbi keyin soltýstikke, Ombygha aughan, aqymbet kereyler qazirgi Amanqaraghay audanyna qonystanyp qalghan.

1823-jyly 3 nauryz. Ile ganaralyna jazghan hat. Kógedaydyng inileri Mәmen, Jabaghy, balalary Ajy, janghazylardyng haty. Toqtakóshekting inisi Qúleke 17 kisimen kelip 50 jylqyny búlap ketken son, Kógeday gýng qualap barghanda onyng bas-ayaghyna úrghany ýshin , ózining bar shaghynda mening óshimdi alyp bergeysiz dep ótingen edi. Kógeday osy zardaptan óldi...» (152)

Kógedaydyng ólimine sebepker Qambar tóre bolghan, ýitkeni Kógeday 1790- jyly Sini imperatorynan súltan shenin alghan song Hanqojanyn  ordasyna salyq tólettirmedi, oghan onyng úrpaqtary narazy bolghan.(153) Búl derekter 1820 jyldargha deyin kereyler әkimshilik jaqtan Tarbaghatay uәzirine qaraghanyn biluge bolady.

«Shynjang turaly qysqasha sholu» atty kitapta: «Elýn ózeni taudan shyghyp soltýstikke qaray 50 shaqyrym aghyp baryp kólding (Zaysan kóli) ontýstik shyghys búryshyna qúyady. Onyng shyghys jaghalauy qazaq gýni Kógedaydyng qystauy... Bókýn ózenining batysy Kógedaydyng jaylauy, Kógeday qazaqtyng ontýstik bóligining uany (hany) Ábilpeyizding altynshy úly, oghan Syanilún patsha gýng ataghyn bergen» delingen.(154)

Ór Altaydy alu

1822-jyly Resey imperiyasy orta jýzde handyq biylikti joydy.

Orta jýzde 1817 jyly Bókey han, 1819 jyly Uәly han qaytys bolghannan keyin patsha ýkimeti janadan han taghayyndap jatudy qajet dep tappady. 1822 jyly Batys Sibir general-gubernatory Mihail Speranskiy jasaghan jәne Resey imperatory I Aleksandrdyng jarlyghymen bekitilgen «Sibir qyrghyzdary (qazaqtary) turaly jarghy» kýshine endi. Qazaqstandaghy jana reformanyng eng basty maqsattarynyng biri Orta jýzdegi han biyligin birjolata joiy bolatyn. «Jarghy» ózining mazmúny men maqsaty jaghynan Qazaqstannyng soltýstik-shyghys aimaqtaryn is jýzinde Resey imperiyasyna qosyp alyp otarlaugha baghyttalghan bolatyn. Sóitip Orta jýzdegi әkimshilik, sot jәne aumaqtyq basqaru jýiesi týbirimen ózgertildi. Endigi jerde Kógeday ordasy qazaq handyghyna emes resmy týrde Sini imperiyasyna qarasty el bolyp ózgeredi.

Jogharyda derekterden Kógedaygha berilgen jer Úlyngir kóline deyingi jerler yaghny qazyrgi Altay aimaghynyng batys bes audanynyng jerleri ekenin kóruge bolady. Desede mal men sannyng ósuine baylanysty el ary ótip Ertis  pen Búlghyn ózenining basyna barady. Er Jәnibek batyr elding sonynda qalyp Qalba tauynda qaytys bolyp sonda jerlenedi.

«Arqalyq batyr» jyrynda Arqalyq Ajy tóre ordasynan shyghysty betke alyp Narynqara(Jemeney jerinde), Shirikshy (Altay qalasyna qarasty auyl aty), Qyran boyyna ayaldaydy, Buryltoghaydan ótken song úranqay jerine asyqtyq deydi(155)

19 ghasyrdyng basyna kelgende elding aldy Ór Altaygha jetedi, 1822 jyly qazirgi Kóktoghaydyng Qu Ertis, Aqdala, Sarbastau degen jerlerine barady. Sany basym qazaqtar mongholdardy yghystyra beredi. Aqyry olardyng aryzy Qobdagha , onan Pekinge jetedi. «Qazaqtar Syanluni zamanynan qazirge deyin úranqay jerine kóp ret kelgen edi. Qazyr 2000 nan asa týtini kóshirildi, tek Izqútty bastaghan 600 den artyq ýy kóshpey otyr. Búny Tarbaghatay әmbisi adam jiberip  qudalauy kerek»(156)

Aqyry 1836 jyly Sini ýkimetining sheshimimen 3000 nan astam dórbit qosyny Qabaqshy batyrdyng bastauynda kereylerge shabuyl jasaydy. Búl el esinde «Begen shabylghan Qarasengir», «Sayyn Noyan shapqan» degen attarmen qalghan. Esaghasynyng úly Begen asqan bay adam bolghan eken, ol Izqútty, Iman syndy tuys batyr inilerin algha salyp dórbit-úranqaylargha ese bermegen adam eken. Osy jyly qyz úzatu toyyna dayyndalyp, altyndaghan ýy tiktirip, ten- teng etip jasaular jasatyp jatqanda qalyng jau tútqiyl kep tiyedi. Qazaqtar qapylysta qarsylyq kórsetsede dórbitter mol oljamen qosa 30 otau qyz-jigitti oljalap ketedi. (Abylaydyng qyrghyzdardan amanatqa әketkeni siyaqty bolsa kerek, óitkeni Qobdadaghy dórbit hanynyng sheni Ajy súltannan joghary, әsker ústaytyn úqyqqa ie edi)(157)

«Sini ýkimeti úranqay mongholdarynyng talabyna say dórbitting ong qol, sol qolynan 2000 әskerin Shylyndorjygha berip qazaqtardy ol jerden quyp shygharu kerek dep búiyrady(158)

«Izqútty tiptide kóp qazaq malshylaryn jinap 1839 jyly kóktemde qayta kóship keldi. Búl ret olar qughynshylargha qatty qarsylyq kórsetti, kósh bastap kelgen Izqútty, Iman. Quanbay monghol әskerlerining qolyna týsti. Osy tústa Jarqynbay, Ótemis, Qúlybek degen adamdar mynan asa týtindi bastap kelip Búlghyn ózenining Úlanghús degen jerine qonystanyp , quugha kelgen әskerlermen qaqtyghysyp eki adamdy shauyp óltirdi, qughynshylardy aidap shyghyp qonystanyp qaldy»(159)

1830 jyldardyng ortasynda agha súltan Qúnanbay Altaydaghy abaq kereylerge baryp qaytqan saparyn eske alghanda:

«Qytaygha qaraghan abaq kerey balasy 15000 týtinnen asyp, dәuleti shalqyp, eli ósip, kegin joqtar eri tuyp, dauyn sóiler bii tuyp, baq qonghan elge ainalghan eken. Týbi bizding qazaqtyng bir tiyanaghy solar bolar!»-depti. (160)

Medisina damymaghan jaugershilik zamanda halyq sanynng ósui bayau bolady, 70 jylda 2500 týtinnen 15-16 myng týtinge kóbeng qiyn. Sondyqtan abaq kereyding kóbengine jonghargha qarasty kereylerding ýlesi ýlken bolghan degen pikir shyndyqqa janasady.

Al Resey imperiyasyna qarap qalghan ashamayly kereylerding sany turaly 1803 jyly manaday mәlimetter bar eken:

«Jetiru, uaq-kereyler ýsh bólik, segiz  myng týtin, Esil boyy men Jәiilma kólin jәilaydy. Ertis angharyna qystaydy. Dosymbek, Ómir, Bayymbet degen basshy biyleri bar. Petropavl, Omby siyaqty beknistermen sauda jasaydy.

Kerey ruynyng eki atasy, 1000 shanyraq jazda ýy men Toghyzaq ózenderine kóshedi. Berhourask, Stepnoy bekinisi manyna qystaydy. Túnghash jane Bekbauúly Bekbolat degen bastyqtary bar, saudasy sol tónirekte.(161)

Kerey ruynyng 4 tarmaghy, 4000 day týtin jazda Esilding shyghys jaghalauyn jәilaydy. Qystaulary Pesnogorokoe, Zverinogolov bekinisterining many men Obaghan ózenderining syrtyndaghy dala. Balyq bi, Dayyn degen el aghalary bar. Estekúly Ýristem súltangha qaraydy,  Troyskke mal aparady. (162) Búl san 10000 týtin shamasynda, alayda búdan 40 jyl búryn 12000 týtin bolghany belgili, búdan sanaqtyng jan-jaqtyly emestigin, sonday-aq ózgede sebepter bar ekenin biluge bolady.

Týiin:

Orta jýz kerey rularynyng shyghysqa jane soltýstikke kóshui- Qazaq handyghynyng songhy órleu dәuirindegi teritoriyalyq kenending nәtiyjesi. Eshqandayda rulyq qaqtyghystardyng saldary emes. Osy qatarda shyghysqa kerey ghana emes naymandar, alban-suanndar men biraz uaqtardyda jatqyzugha bolady. Eger irgeli ru kishi rudy kóshirgen bolsa sol kezdegi eng irgeli rudyng biri naymandardyng kóshin nemen týsindiruge bolady?  Abylay han bas bolghan 1751-1781 jyldar qazaq ordasynyng songhy órleu dәuiri! Ony 1381-1395 jyldardaghy Altyn Orda hany Toqtamystyng zamanymen úqsatugha bolady. Qazaqtardyng irge keneytui tórt baghytta birdey jýrildi, soltýstikpen batysta sol kezderi Resey óz jeri sanap bekinis salyp ýlgergen jerlerge bardy. Jonghar handyghynyng joyyluy ejelgi jerlerdi qayta iyelep alugha ýlken oray tudyrdy, Sini men bolghan soghystaghy jenisten song tiptide senimmen algha ilgerilegen. Keyingi jerde qazaq handyghyna bәsekeles bola alatyn elder qalmady, sondyqtan qyrghyz, týrkimen, ózbek, bashqúrtty jasqap Tәuekel han kezindegi teritoriyagha qayta ie boldy. Al qazaqtardyng órisin keneytui 1930 jyldargha deyin jalghasty, ýitkeni jonghar joyylghannan keyin halyq sany qauryt óse bastap 1917 jyly 5,5 milliongha jetken edi.

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14. Gabjalilov, 2011, p. 182—185.
15. Temirgaliyev R. Tamga. Istoriya kazahskih plemyon.. — Almaty: Meloman Publishing, 2023. 626-630
16. Gabjalilov, 2011, p. 192—201.
17. Tamga, 2023, p. 631.
18. Gabjalilov, 2011, p. 219.
19.    Shynjang tarihy materialdary. 13- tom. 6-7 bet. Shynjang halyq baspasy. 1984. Ýrimji
20. Aqyt shygharmalary. 376- bet. Shynjang halyq baspasy. Ýrimji. 1994
21. Babalar sózi . 87- tom. Tarihy anyzdar. 86 bet. Foliant baspasy. 2012
22. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 133 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
23. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 211bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
24. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 180 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
25. Abaq kerey. Qadys Jәnәbilúly, Qonyrqan Jusanbayúly. 32-33 better. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn. 2008
26. Asqar Tatanay.Tarihy derek, keleli kenes. 51 bet. Shynjang halyq baspasy. Ýrimji. 1989
27. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 215 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
28. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 227 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
29. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 237-238 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
30. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 242 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
31. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 416 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
32. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom.  437-441 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
33. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom.  445 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
34. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom.  446 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
35. 李文彬，伊犁固尔扎庙的兴衰，佛缘网站，2011-12-7. [2014-05-05].
36. Sini әuleti saray jylnamalaryndaghy qazaqqa qatysty derekter. 4 bet. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn. 2009
37. Sini әuleti saray jylnamalaryndaghy qazaqqa qatysty derekter.5 bet. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn. 2009
38. Sini әuleti saray jylnamalaryndaghy qazaqqa qatysty derekter. 450 bet. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn. 2009
39. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 454 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
40. Sini әuleti saray jylnamalaryndaghy qazaqqa qatysty derekter. 8 bet. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn. 2009
41. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 457 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
42. Qalmaq tarihy. Jonghardy tynyshtandyrudyng jalpy jobasy. 57 bet
43. Vey Yuaninyng «Qasiyetti soghystar turaly jazbalary», 4-tom
44. Sini әuleti saray jylnamalaryndaghy qazaqqa qatysty derekter. 30-31 bet. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn. 2009
45. Sini әuleti saray jylnamalaryndaghy qazaqqa qatysty derekter.15 bet. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn. 2009
46. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 480-481 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
47. Sini әuleti saray jylnamalaryndaghy qazaqqa qatysty derekter. 20 bet. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn. 2009
48. Sini әuleti saray jylnamalaryndaghy qazaqqa qatysty derekter. 18-19 bet. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn. 2009
49. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 487 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
50. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 488 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
51. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom.  488 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
52. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 477 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
53. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 115- bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
54. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 120- bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
55. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 128-129 bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
56. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 130- bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
57. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 143- bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
58. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 143- bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
59. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 146 bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
60. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 148- bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
61. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 164-165 bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
62. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 175-176 bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
63. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 185- bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
64. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 185- bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
65. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 187- bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
66. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 504 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
67. Abaq kerey. 38 bet. Qadys Jәnәbilúly. Qonyrqan Jusanbayúly. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn. 2008
68. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 505 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
69. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 509 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
70. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 513 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
71. Sini әuleti saray jylnamalaryndaghy qazaqqa qatysty derekter. 36 bet. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn. 2009
72. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 518 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
73. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 520 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
74. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 529 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
75. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 533 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
76. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 534 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
77. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 550 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
78. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 550 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
79. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 563 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
80. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay (qújattar jinaghy). 1- tom. 564 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
81. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom. 16 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
82. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 225- bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
83. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 221-222 bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
84. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom. 77 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
85. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom. 78 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
86. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom. 91-92 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
87. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom. 92 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
88. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom. 93 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
89. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom. 141 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
90. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom. 148-149 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
91. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom. 154-155 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
92. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 256- bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
93. Asqar Tatanay. Tarihy derek, keleli keles. 41 bet . Shynjang halyq baspasy. Ýrimji. 1989
94. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom. 191-192 better bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
95. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 314- bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
96. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 319- bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
97. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom. 205 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
98. Dýisenәli Ábilәshim. Jýngo birinshi tarihy múraghatynda saqtalghan qazaqsha qújattar. 107- bet. Últtar baspasy. Pekiyn. 2016
99. Shoqan Uәlihanov shygharmalary. 1- tom. 224-226 better. Almaty : Tolaghay grupp , 2010. – Mәdeny múra.
100. Aqyt shygharmalary. 1- tom. 643-645. Shynjang halyq baspasy. Ýrimji. 1994
101. Aqyt shygharmalary. 1- tom. 651. Shynjang halyq baspasy. Ýrimji. 1994
102. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom. 230 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
103. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 326- bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
104. Sini әuleti saray jylnamalaryndaghy qazaqqa qatysty derekter. 88 bet. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn. 2009
105. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 367- bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
106. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 383 -384 better).
107. Aldaspan. Múhtar Maghauiyn. 96 bet. Ata múra. Almaty. 2006
108. Qojabergen batyr. Baqyt Ejenqanúly. 418- bet. Arys baspasy. Almaty. 2017
109. Shynjang qazaqtarynyng kóshi-qon tarihy. 71 bet. Últtar baspasy. Pekiyn. 1999
110. Sini saray jylnamalaryndaghy qazaqqa qatysty derekter. 92 bet. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn. 2009
111. Qúrbanghaly Halidi. Tauarih hamsa. 105 bet. Qazaqstan. Almaty. 1992
112. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom. 239 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
113. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom. 245 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
114. Qazaq shejireleri. 1- tom. Ile halyq baspasy. 451 bet
115. Aqyt shygharmalary. 1- tom. 379-380 better. 1994. Ýrimji
116. Tarihy derek, keleli kenes. Asqar Tatanayúly. 46-50 bet. Shynjang halyq baspasy. Ýrimji. 1989
117. Tarihy derek, keleli kenes. Asqar Tatanayúly. 46-50 bet. Shynjang halyq baspasy. Ýrimji. 1989
118. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom. 274 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
119. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom. 361 bet. Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
120. Dýisenәli Ábilәshim. Jýngo birinshi tarihy múraghatynda saqtalghan qazaqsha qújattar. 118- bet. Últtar baspasy. Pekiyn. 2016
121. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom . Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
122. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom . 304 bet.  Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
123. Sini әuleti saray jylnamalaryndaghy qazaqqa qatysty derekter. 101 bet. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn. 2009
124. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom . 354 bet.  Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
125. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom . 305 bet.  Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
126. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom . 309 bet.  Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
127. Dýisenәli Ábilәshim. Jýngo birinshi tarihy múraghatynda saqtalghan qazaqsha qújattar. 132- bet. Últtar baspasy. Pekiyn. 2016
128. Dýisenәli Ábilәshim. Jýngo birinshi tarihy múraghatynda saqtalghan qazaqsha qújattar. 144- bet. Últtar baspasy. Pekiyn. 2016
129. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom . 377 bet.  Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
130. Aqyt shygharmalary. 1- tom. Shynjang halyq baspasy. Ýrimji. 1994
131. Abaq kerey. Qadys Jәnәbilúly. Qonyrqan Jusanbayúly. 44-45 better. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn. 2008
132. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom . 383 bet.  Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
133. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom . 394 bet.  Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
134. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom . 395 bet.  Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
135. Tarihy derek, keleli kenes. Asqar Tatanayúly.  83-84 bet. Shynjang halyq baspasy. Ýrimji. 1989
136. Tarihy derek, keleli kenes. Asqar Tatanayúly. 83 bet. Shynjang halyq baspasy. Ýrimji. 1989
137. Babalar sózi. 27- tom. Tarihy jyrlar. 133 bet. Foliant baspasy. 2012
138. Qazaq shejireleri. 1- tom. 457 bet. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn
139. Tarihy derek, keleli kenes. Asqar Tatanayúly. 84-85 bet. Shynjang halyq baspasy. Ýrimji. 1989
140. Abaq kerey. Qadys Jәnәbilúly. Qonyrqan Jusanbayúly. 46. better. Ile halyq baspasy. Kýitýn. 2008
141. Dýisenәli Ábilәshimúly. Júngo birinshi tarihy múraghatynda saqtalghan qazaqsha qújattar. 68 bet. Últtar baspasy. Pekiyn. 2016
142. Babalar sózi. Tarihy jyrlar. 27- tom. 138 bet
143. Shynjannyng jergilikti tarihy. 364- bet. Shynjang uniyversiyteti baspasy. Ýrimji. 1997
144. 嘉庆重修《大清一统志》
145. 《乌里雅苏台志略》，《中国方志丛书》塞北地方第三十九号，成文出版社1968年影印抄本
146. Shynjannyng jergilikti tarihy. 356-363 better. Shynjang halyq baspasy. Ýrimji. 1991
147. Shynjannyng jergilikti tarihy. 374 bet. Shynjang halyq baspasy. Ýrimji. 1991
148. 《清史稿》 ，中华书局点校本
149. Dýisenәli Ábilәshim. Júngo birinshi tarihy múraghatynda saqtalghan qazaqsha qújattar. 183 bet. Últtar baspasy. Pekiyn. 2016
150. Dýisenәli Ábilәshim. Júngo birinshi tarihy múraghatynda saqtalghan qazaqsha qújattar. 212 bet. Últtar baspasy. Pekiyn. 2016
151. Qazaqstan tarihy turaly qytay derektemeleri. 1-tom. 314-316 better. Almaty : Dayk-press , 2005.
152. Dýisenәli Ábilәshim. Júngo birinshi tarihy múraghatynda saqtalghan qazaqsha qújattar. 214 bet. Últtar baspasy. Pekiyn. 2016
153. Asqar Tatanay. Tarihy derek, keleli kenes. 30 bet. Shynjang halyq baspasy. 1996. Ýrimji
154. Qazaqstan tarihy turaly qytay derektemeleri. 240- bet. 1-tom. Almaty. Dayk-Press. 2005
155. Babalar sózi. 61 tom. Tarihy jyrlar. 239 bet. Foliant. Astana
156. Qazaq tarihynan zertteuler. Nәbijan Mqhamethanúly. 169 bet
157. Asqar Tatanay. Tarihy derek, keleli kenes. 89-91 bet. Shynjang halyq baspasy. 1996. Ýrimji
158. Nәbijan Múhamethan. Qazaq tarihynan zertteuler. 170 bet
159. Nәbijan Múhamethan. Qazaq tarihynan zertteuler. 170-171 bet
160. Asqar Tatanay. Tarihy derek, keleli kenes. 98 bet. Shynjang halyq baspasy. 1996. Ýrimji
161. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom . 418 bet.  Almaty : El-shejire, 2011
162. Qazaqtyng hany Abylay. (qújattar jinaghy). 2- tom . 419 bet.  Almaty : El-shejire, 2011

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