Qarauyl Janatay batyr XVIII ghasyrda jasaghan Abylay han tóniregindegi eng myqty batyrlardyng biri.

«XVIII ghasyrdyng ýshinshi shiyreginde Dýrbin-Oyratty tozdyrghan, Mәnju-Sin basqynshylyghyna qarsy qaytpay kýresken, torghauytty talqandaghan, qyrghyzdy Alataudan asyryp, ózbek әmirshilerin tәubasyna týsirgen, sóitip, 20 jyl boyghy tanymsyz maydanda Alash úranyn janghyrtyp, Abylay hangha ýsh jýzding tizginin ústatqan Qazaq Ordasyn qayta kótergen, eng ataqty qolbasylar: Qarakerey Qabanbay, Mýiizdi Ótegen, Núraly han, Ábilpeyiz súltan, Qanjyghaly Bógenbay, Eraly súltan, Ádil súltan, Orys súltan, Janatay, Bayan, Malaysary, Oljabay, Kerey, Jәnibek, Shapyrashty Nauryzbay, Aqtamberdi, Jәpek, Berdiqoja, Tileuke, Saghymbay, Qúleke, Jaughash, Dat, Kókjarly Baraq, Qúlashbek, Túrsynbay, Narbota, Qojabergen...

Búlardan basqa Jabay, Syrymbet, Bayghozy, Elshibek, Sary, Sәnkibay, Mamyt, Moldybay, Tansyq, Orazymbet, Deripsәli, Rayymbek, Shynghoja, Alybay, Aybas, Janazar taghy basqa ondaghan batyrdyng esimin ataugha bolady»  (Múhtar Maghauiyn. «Qazaq tarihynyng әlippesi»,  Almaty, Qazaqstan baspasy, 1995, 128 b).

Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng XVIII ghasyrdaghy qazaq batyrlary jayyndaghy tarihy maqalasynda Janatay batyrdyng aty atalady. Alayda Shoqannyng tarihy jazbasynda aty atalatyn Janatay batyrgha qatysty týitkil tóbe kórsetip otyr. Týitkil nede? Mәselening kiltipany qayda? Janatay batyrgha qatysty tarihy tanym, zerde, zerteulerding kemshindigi anyq bayqalady. Týitkilge ózek bolyp otyrghan Janatay batyrgha qatysty sóz qozghasaq, XVIII ghasyrda jasaghan, Shoqan jazbasynda aty atalatyn batyr naqty kim, onyng ata-tegi jayly mәlimet ghylymy túrghyda aiqyndalmaghan. Negizgi týitkil – Janatay batyrgha qatysty sol ghasyrda ýsh batyrdyng boluy. Birinshisi – Qarauyl Janatay batyr, ekinshisi – Atyghay Janatay batyr, ýshinshisi – Qanjyghaly Jantay batyr.

2016 jyly elimizdegi «Ruhany janghyru» baghdarlamasynyng josparynyng negizinde Ereymentau ónirindegi tarihy eskertkishterdi aralap kórdik. Bizdi bastap jýrgen belgili jurnalist, aqyn, ólketanushy Saylau Baybosyn «Abylay hannyng túsynda ómir sýrgen Qanjyghaly Jantay batyr «Shandy joryqta» opat bolyp, oghan qayghyrghan Abylay hannyng «qayrau bermes qara bolatym-ay» degen sózi jogharydaghy Shoqan jazbasynda aitylghan», — dedi. Tek Shoqan jazbasynda Jantay esimi Janatay bolyp, janylys jazylyp ketkendigin aitty. Men oilanyp qaldym. Áygili «Shandy  joryq» oqighasy 1771 jyldary ótken. Al, Qanjyghaly Jantay batyr 1696-1750 jyldary ómir sýrgen. Úrpaqtary ornatqan Ereymentaudaghy Jantay batyr eskertkishining astynda «Jantay batyr (1696-1750)» dep te jazylyp túr. Jantay 1750 jyldary Bayanauyl ónirinde bolghan qalmaqtarmen bolghan bir shayqasta opat bolady. Shoqan bolsa 1771 jylghy  «Shandy joryq» oqighasynda bolghan úrysty, sonda qaza bolghan batyrlardy aityp otyr ghoy, oilap qarasan, jyldary sәikesteydi. Endi biz osy Shandy joryqqa qatysty tarihy qújattardy sóiletip kóreyik.

Resey memleketi XVIII ghasyrdyng alghashqy jartysynda Edil boyynda otarlau sayasatyn jýzege asyra bastady. Patsha ýkimetining tek orys dvoryandarynyng ghana emes, kópesterding de mýddesin kózdegen búl qadamy qalmaqtargha qolayly tiymeydi. 1731-1732 jyldary Don kazaktarynyng mynnan astam otbasy Edil men IYli (Ilovley) ózenderining aralyghyna kep qonystanady. («Ocherki  istoriy Kalmyskoy ASSR. Dooktyabriskiy period. M.Nauna», 1967, 196). Kóp úzamay Jayyq boyynda da kazak stanisalary  boy kóterip, qalmaqtar qonystanghan ólkening soltýstigine nemister kelip ornyqty. Múnyng ózi qalmaq feodaldarynyng qonystaryn biraz taryltady. Soghan tózim ete almaghan torghauyt hany Ubashy 1766 jyldary Astrahani gubernatory N.A. Beketovke kep osy jaydy eki dýrkin mәlimdep, shaghym etedi. Osydan keyin patsha ókimeti dauly audandardy kartagha týsirip, qalmaqtar qonysynyng shekarasyn mejeleuge bekinedi. (Palynov N.N. «Etudy po istoriy privoljskih kalmykov» Ch. V Astrahani, 1932 s. 3-4) Búl sharalar biraq tezdetip jýzege asa qoymaydy. Sóitip, Edil qalmaqtary 1771 jyldyng 5 qantarynda Altaygha qaray bet týzeydi. («Ocherky istoriy Kalmyskoy ASSR. Dooktyabriskiy period». M. Nauka 1967 s. 200-202). Múny kórgen orys memleketi olardy keri qaytaru ýshin Orsk bekinisinen general-mayor Traurenberg bastaghan әsker shygharady. Búl әsker Núraly, Qayyp, Esim, Pirәli, t.b qazaq biyleushilerining sarbazdarymen key tústa birge otyryp, key jerde óz betterimen qashqandardyng sonynan biraz jerge deyin quyp baryp, keri oralady. (Rychkov «Dnevnie zapisy puteshestviya kapitana N.Rychkova v kirgiyz-kaysaskoy stepy v 1771 godu». SPB 1772. S. 319). Qashqan halyq keri qaytpaghanmen sol jolda ata jaularynyng qarsylyghyna kezigip kóp qiyndyqqa úshyraydy. Ásirese, qalmaqtar ýshin qiyn tiygen kez – olardyng Moyynty ózenine jetken mezgilinde bolghan siyaqty, óitkeni osy jerde Ubashy júrtyn Abylay, Núraly, Orys, Ádil qoly qorshaugha alady. Jonghariyagha barar jol kesiledi. Amaly qúryghan torghauyt hany Abylaygha elshiler jiberip, bodandyq súraydy. Óz qolyndaghy bir mynnan astam tútqyndardy qaytaratyndyghyn mәlimdep, kóship-kónip jýru ýshin qonys súraydy. Osynyng nәtiyjesinde eki jaq kelisimge kep, qalmaqtargha tútqyndardy qaytaru ýshin ýsh kýndik múrsat beriledi. Biraq, qalmaqtar ýshinshi kýnnning týninde kýtpegen jerden qazaqtargha tap beredi de, qarsylastaryn biraz qaymyqtyryp alyp, Balqashtyng batys betimen ilgeri qaray bet týzeydi. Áytse de olar sol joly orasan kóp adamdary men maldarynan aiyrylady. («Ocherky istoriy Kalmyskoy ASSR. Dooktyabriskiy period». M.M. Nauka 1967.S. 217-218) Búl tarihy qújattardy jәne N.Rychkovtyng (Rychkov N. «Dnevnye zapisy puteshestviya kapitana N.Rychkova v kirgiyz-kaysaskoy stepy v 1771 godu». SPB. 1890. S. 107) , M.Maghauinning Almatydan 1995 jyly shyqqan  «Qazaq tarihynyng әlippesi» enbegining «Shandy joryq» bóliminde «Shandy joryq» oqighasy 1771 jyly bolghany aitylady.

Al Saylau Baybosynnyng 2013 jylghy 5 qarashada «Aqiqat» basylymynda jaryq kórgen «Eki shygharma – bir oqigha nemese «Jantay batyr» men «Batyr Bayan» dastandary jayly» degen maqalasynda maqala avtory qazaq batyrlary Qanjyghalydan shyqqan Ýisinbay, Arqandar, Jantay batyrlar qaza bolghan «Shandy joryq» oqighasyn XVIII ghasyrdyng 20-40 jyldarynda bolghan» dep jazady. Endi qisyngha salsaq, 1750 jyly qalmaqtarmen bolghan bir shayqasta opat bolghan Jantay batyr qalaysha 1771 jyly bolghan «Shandy joryqqa» qatysady?! Jәne osy shayqasta sóz bolatyn qalmaqtyng Usa men Seren siyaqty noyandary 1720-40 j.j oqighagha aralasady. Búl noyandar avtordyng jazuynsha Altaydan kelgen jongharlar emes, Edilden kele jatqan Torghauyt hany Ubashynyng janyndaghy Torghauyt noyandary bolatyn. Shyndyghy da osy. Endi bizding әngimemizdegi Janatay batyrgha qatysty týitkildi mәsele bolghan Shoqan jazbasyn sóiletip kóreyik.

Qanjyghaly Arghyn Ýisinbay, Arqandar, Qarauyl Janatay batyrlar torghauyttardan qaza tabady. Janatay batyrdyng ólenin estigende Abylay han «qayrau bermegen qara bolatym-ay» dep jylaydy. Múnan keyin aman qalghan qazaq qoly shabuyldan otyryp, Ilening barlyq ótkeline qalmaqtardan búryn jetip, jaudy aldarynan tosady. Qalmaqtar jeti adam elshi jiberedi. Aldarynda týlki tymaqty engezerdey qara qalmaq. Ol Abylaygha juyq kep, ózin Usa men Seren hannyng jibergenin, tatulaspaq, tartu-taralghy tartpaq oilaryn aitady. Abylay búl jayynda batyrlarmen onasha aqyldasqanda: «Aq otauyn alyp, ózderin ýmittendirip otyryp shabu kerek» degen pikir aitady. Sonda Bayan batyr: «Joq, aq otauyn almanyz, aldayyn dep әlek bolmanyz. Órdegi qytay men oidaghy orysty aldap jýrgen Usa men Seren seni de aldaydy» — dep jauap beredi. Han ózining sheshimin eki ret qaytalaydy. Batyr da eki ret búrynghy sózin aitady. Óz oiyn iske asyrmaq bolghan Abylay tartu-taralghymen kelemiz degen qalmaqtardy eki kýn kýtedi. Olar kelmeydi. Sóitse, qalmaqtar búlardan elshileri oralghan kýni ýilerin jyghyp, tayyp túrghan bolyp shyghady. («Sochiynenie Chokana Chingisovicha Valihanova»  SPB, 1904, S.319-320). Mine, Shoqan jazbasyndaghy әngimening bolghan-bitkeni osy! Shoqan Qarauyl Janatay batyr dep otyr! Osy әngime dúrystyqqa jatatyn siyaqty. 1750 jyly qalmaqtarmen bolghan úrysta opat bolghan qanjyghaly Jantay batyr Shoqan jazbasyndaghy 1771 jyly bolghan «Shandy joryq» úrysyna qatyspaghany aiqyn bolyp túr. Al Atyghay Janatay batyr turaly aitsaq, tarihy derekter sәikespeydi. Shoqan Qarauyl Janatay batyr dep otyr. Qarauyl Janatay batyrdyng úrpaqtarynda saqtalghan ru shejiresi de osyny aighaqtaydy. Aldaghy uaqytta tarihy oqighalar men túlghalardy sóz etkende  osynday jansaqtyqtargha jol bermegenimiz abzal bolar edi,  aghayyn!

Sәbit Jәmbek,

filologiya ghylymdarynyng kandidaty, Sh.Uәlihanov atyndaghy Kókshetau uniyversiytetining professory.

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