Bremen ekspedisiyasy Semey oblysynda
1876 jylghy nemis ghalymdarynyng Semey ónirine sapary jәne qazaq dalasy turaly europalyq jazbalar
1876 jyldyng kóktemi. Semey.
XIX ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda Semey qalasy Resey imperiyasynyng Shyghys Sibirdegi manyzdy әkimshilik jәne sauda ortalyqtarynyng birine ainaldy. Ertis boyyndaghy búl qala Europadan kelgen zertteushiler ýshin de qazaq dalasyna, Altaygha, Tarbaghataygha jәne Ortalyq Aziyagha shyghatyn qaqpa qyzmetin atqardy.
Dәl osy kezende Semey ónirine Germaniyadan úiymdastyrylghan ghylymy ekspedisiya keldi. Ekspedisiyany úiymdastyrghan — Bremendegi Germaniyanyng Soltýstik polyarlyq sayahattar qoghamy.
Onyng qúramynda tabighat zertteushisi, keyin býkil Europagha belgili bolghan zoolog Alifred Edmund Brem, ornitolog jәne zertteushi Otto Finsh, sonday-aq graf Karl fon Validburg-Seyli-Trauhburg boldy.
Ekspedisiyanyng 1876 jylghy sapary keyin birneshe kitap pen maqalagha arqau boldy. Finshting 1879 jyly shyqqan Reise nach West-Sibirien im Jahre 1876 enbegining tolyq kólemi 663 bet bolyp, onyng arnayy taraularynyng biri «Semipalátinsk und die Arcatberge» — «Semey jәne Arqat taulary» dep atalady.
Ekspedisiyanyng Semey oblysyndaghy sapary keyin tek nemis ghalymdarynyng enbekterinde ghana emes, osy ónirde túrghan orys әkimshilik elitasynyng ókilderi tarapynan da jazyldy. Solardyng biri — Semey oblysynyng әskery gubernatory Vladimir Poltoraskiyding әieli Lidiya Konstantinovna Poltoraskaya. Ol ekspedisiyanyng saparyna otbasy mýshesi retinde qatysyp, keyin «Bremenskaya ekspedisiya v Semipalatinskoy oblasti» atty kólemdi ocherk jariyalady. Maqala Priroda y ohota jurnalynyng 1879 jylghy 1-tom, №3 sanynda, 23–52 betterde jaryq kórdi.
Semeydegi alghashqy kýnder
Poltoraskayanyng jazbasy ekspedisiya mýshelerining Semeyge keluinen bastalady. Sayahatshylardy Poltoraskiyler otbasy qarsy alady. Sheteldik qonaqtargha qazaq dalasynyng túrmysymen tanysugha mýmkindik beriledi.
Poltoraskayanyng jazbasynda qonaqtardy kiyiz ýide qarsy alu kórinisi erekshe oryn alady. Avtor dala jaghdayyndaghy qazaq qonaqjaylyghyn, últtyq taghamdardy jәne qymyzdy sipattaydy. Onyng jazbasynan palau, qazaqsha kәuap jәne qymyz úsynylghanyn kóremiz. Búl — XIX ghasyrdyng sonyndaghy qazaqtyng kýndelikti túrmysyna syrt kózben qaraghan manyzdy etnografiyalyq derek.
Semeydegi osy alghashqy tanystyq ekspedisiyanyng keyingi baghytyn aiqyndady. Poltoraskiyler otbasy nemis sayahatshylaryna jergilikti jaghdaydy jaqsy biletin adamdarmen baylanysugha, jol jýruge jәne anshylyq úiymdastyrugha kómektesti.
Semeyden Arqatqa
Ekspedisiya Semeyden shyghysqa qaray jyljyp, Arqat taularyna bet aldy.
XIX ghasyrda Arqat óniri tabighaty qatal, biraq an-qúsqa bay dala aimaqtarynyng biri retinde belgili edi. Ásirese arqar aulau jergilikti qazaq anshylyq mәdeniyetining manyzdy salalarynyng biri bolatyn.
Brem ýshin búl sapardyng ghylymy maqsaty tabighatty baqylaumen ghana shektelmedi. Ol Sibir men qazaq dalasynyng januarlar dýniyesin óz kózimen zerttep, anshylyq arqyly jergilikti tabighy ortany tanugha tyrysty.
Finshting keyingi enbegindegi «Semipalátinsk und die Arcatberge» tarauy osy kezendi egjey-tegjeyli bayandaydy.
Arqattaghy arqar aulauy
Ekspedisiyanyng eng este qalarlyq oqighasy — Arqattaghy arqar aulauy.
Búl anshylyqqa Brem bastaghan nemis sayahatshylary ghana emes, jergilikti qazaqtar da qatysty. Arqat manyndaghy qazaqtardyng arasynda anshylyq ónerimen tanylghan adamdar boldy.
Solardyng biri — Ádil-han Djamanteyof. Finsh ony Arqat taularynyng iyesi әri óte jaqsy mergen retinde sipattaydy. Nemister kelgenge deyin ol iri arqardyng birin atyp ýlgergen. Onyng qoldanghan myltyghy da Finshting nazaryn audarghan: qarapayym bir únghyly Tula myltyghyn arnayy tirekke ornalastyryp atqan.
Búl derek sol kezdegi qazaq anshylyghynyng ózindik әdisterin de kórsetedi.
Alayda Ádil-han Djamanteyoftyng róline qatysty bir nәrseni naqty ajyratu qajet: ol — Bremge jyr aitqan aqyn emes, Arqattaghy belgili mergen.
Bremdi jyrlaghan qazaq aqyny
Anshylyqtan keyin ekspedisiya mýsheleri jergilikti qazaqtardyng qonaqjaylyghyna bólenedi. Finshting jazuynsha, daladaghy bedeldi adamdar ózderining sózderimen ghana shektelmey, «óz halqynyng ataqty bir bardyn» shaqyrghan.
Finsh búl adamdy berühmter Barde — «ataqty bard», al keyin gewandter Improvisator — «sheber improvizator» dep ataydy.
Aqyn sol kýngi anshylyqty jyrlaydy. Onyng óleninde general Poltoraskiy men onyng әieli, sheteldik qonaqtar jәne әsirese anshylyqta joly bolghan Brem madaqtalady.
Bremning óz jazbasynda búl oqigha búdan da qyzyqty sipattalady. Ol jyrshynyng ólenin tyndap otyryp, onyng sózderin jazyp alghanyn aitady. Jyr qazaqshadan orysshagha audarylghan, odan keyin general nemis tiline audarghan. Brem bolsa, osy audarma barysynda jyrdyng negizgi mәtinin qaghazgha týsirgen.
Osylaysha 1876 jylghy Arqattaghy bir anshylyq oqighasy qazaqtyng suyrypsalma poeziyasy turaly nemis zertteushilerining jazbasyna endi. Brem keyin búl jyrdy qazaq poeziyasynyng alghashqy ýlgilerining biri retinde qarastyrghanyn kórsetedi.
Biraq múnda zertteushi ýshin asa manyzdy bir mәsele bar: Brem de, Finsh te búl aqynnyng esimin jariyalamaghan.
Sondyqtan býgingi tanda onyng atyn naqty anyqtalghan tarihy túlgha retinde ataugha negiz joq.
Qazaqtyng suyrypsalma óneri europalyq sayahatshy kózimen
Finshting jazbasy qazaq poeziyasyna qatysty taghy bir manyzdy mәlimet beredi. Ol qazaqtardyng poeziyasy joghary dengeyde damyghanyn jәne jyrlardyng úrpaqtan úrpaqqa beriletinin atap ótedi.
Europalyq sayahatshy qazaq dalasyndaghy aqynnyng tek dayyn óleng oryndaushy emes, oqighagha baylanysty sol jerde sóz qúraytyn improvizator bolghanyna nazar audarady.
Búl sipattama qazaqtyng suyrypsalma aqyndyq dәstýrining XIX ghasyrda sheteldik baqylaushylardyng ózine de erekshe әser qaldyrghanyn kórsetedi.
Arqattaghy jyrdyng taqyryby da kezdeysoq emes. Aqyn sol kýngi naqty oqighany — sheteldik qonaqtyng arqardy dәl atyp aluyn — poeziyalyq sujetke ainaldyrghan.
Demek, búl jerde tabighat, anshylyq, qonaqjaylyq jәne aqyndyq óner bir oqighanyng ishinde toghysady.
Lidiya Poltoraskayanyng tarihy róli
Bremen ekspedisiyasy turaly sóz bolghanda Lidiya Poltoraskayanyng enbegin bólek qarastyrghan jón.
Ol tek gubernatordyng әieli retinde ekspedisiya mýshelerimen birge jýrgen joq. Poltoraskaya fotografiyamen ainalysyp, Batys Sibirding tabighaty men túrghyndaryn suretke týsirdi. Onyng 1879 jyly jaryq kórgen «Alibom tipov y vidov Zapadnoy Sibiri, snyatyh L. K. Poltoraskoy» atty fotoalibomy Resey últtyq kitaphanasynyng qorynda saqtalghany turaly derek bar.
Sondyqtan Poltoraskayanyng múrasy eki týrli derek qabatyn biriktiredi:
birinshisi — jazbasha kuәlik, yaghny Bremen ekspedisiyasy turaly ocherk;
ekinshisi — vizualdy derek, yaghny qazaqtardyn, tabighattyng jәne ekspedisiya jýrgen aimaqtardyng fotosuretteri.
Búl materialdar Semey ónirining XIX ghasyrdaghy tarihyn zertteu ýshin asa qúndy.
Ekspedisiyanyng ghylymy manyzy
Bremen ekspedisiyasynyng negizgi maqsaty qazaq dalasyn sayahat retinde tamashalau ghana bolghan joq. Ekspedisiya mýsheleri tabighatty, januarlar dýniyesin, geografiyany jәne jergilikti halyqtyng túrmysyn zerttedi.
Finshting 1879 jylghy kitaby 663 betten túrady jәne ekspedisiyanyng býkil marshrutyn, tabighat baqylaularyn jәne etnografiyalyq materialdaryn qamtidy. Semey men Arqatqa arnalghan tarau kitaptyng arnayy bólimderining biri boldy.
Brem keyin búl sapar turaly Die Gartenlaube jurnalyna «Eine Reise nach Sibirien» atty maqalalar seriyasyn jariyalady. 1888 jylghy jariyalanymda Semeyden Ertis arqyly qazaq dalasyna ótui, Arqat taulary jәne anshylyq oqighalary bayandalady.
Osylaysha 1876 jylghy sapardyng derekteri birneshe basylymgha tarady:
- Lidiya Poltoraskayanyng 1879 jylghy oryssha ocherki;
- Otto Finshting 1879 jylghy nemisshe ghylymiy-sayahatnamasy;
- Alifred Bremning keyingi sayahat jazbalary;
- Poltoraskayanyng fotosuretteri.
Olardyng barlyghy bir ekspedisiyanyng әr qyryn kórsetedi.
Qazaq dalasy turaly europalyq kózqaras
Bremen ekspedisiyasynyng jazbalary arqyly XIX ghasyrdaghy Semey oblysynyng tabighaty ghana emes, qazaq qoghamynyng әleumettik jәne mәdeny ómirining keybir kórinisteri de Europa oqyrmanyna jetti.
Europalyq sayahatshylar qazaq auyldaryn, kiyiz ýilerdi, qonaqjaylyqty, qymyzdy, at pen it baptaudy, býrkitpen ang aulaudy jәne arqarshylyqty sipattady.
Alayda búl derekterdi paydalanghanda bir erekshelikti eskeru qajet: olardyng avtorlary — syrttan kelgen europalyq baqylaushylar. Sondyqtan olardyng jazbalary qazaq qoghamynyng tolyq beynesi emes, XIX ghasyrdaghy sheteldik sayahatshylardyng kózimen kóringen tarihy kórinis.
Sol sebepti Brem men Finshting jazbalaryn qazaqtyng óz ishinen shyqqan derektermen, arhiv qújattarymen, auyzsha tarihpen jәne jergilikti shejirelik materialdarmen salystyra paydalanu manyzdy.
Belgisiz aqynnyng izi
Bremen ekspedisiyasynyng Semey oblysyndaghy saparynyng eng qyzyqty júmbaqtarynyng biri — Bremning qúrmetine jyr aitqan qazaq aqynynyng esimi.
Biz onyng bolghanyn birneshe derek arqyly bilemiz. Brem onyng jyryn tyndaghan. Finsh ony ataqty bard jәne sheber improvizator dep sipattaghan. Onyng jyrynyng taqyryby da belgili: sol kýngi anshylyq jәne Bremning arqar atuy.
Biraq onyng esimi әzirge belgisiz.
Búl jaghday XIX ghasyrdaghy qazaqtyng auyzsha әdeby múrasyn zertteuding kýrdeliligin kórsetedi. Europalyq sayahatshylar keyde jyrdyng mazmúnyn jazyp alghanymen, oryndaushynyng tolyq aty-jónin tirkemegen.
Sondyqtan Arqattaghy osy aqynnyng esimin anyqtau ýshin Poltoraskayanyng 1879 jylghy maqalasynyng týpnúsqa betterin, Poltoraskiylerding jeke arhiyvin, 1876 jylghy ekspedisiyagha qatysty orys әkimshilik qújattaryn jәne sol kezendegi Semey ónirining qazaqtary turaly derekterdi qatar qarastyru qajet.
Qorytyndy: 1876 jylghy Bremen ekspedisiyasy Semey oblysynyng tarihynda erekshe iz qaldyrghan ghylymy saparlardyng biri boldy.
Ekspedisiya mýsheleri Semeyden Arqat taularyna deyin jýrip ótip, qazaq dalasynyng tabighatyn, anshylyq mәdeniyetin jәne jergilikti halyqtyng túrmysyn óz enbekterine engizdi.
Búl sapardyng qúndylyghy tek tabighattanu ghylymy ýshin emes. Onyng jazbalarynda XIX ghasyrdaghy qazaq qoghamynyng qonaqjaylyghy, anshylyq dәstýri, jylqy mәdeniyeti, dala túrmysy jәne eng bastysy — suyrypsalma poeziya óneri turaly derekter saqtaldy.
Arqattaghy Brem anshylyghy osynyng jarqyn mysaly. Bir qaraghanda búl — sheteldik sayahatshynyng kezekti anshylyq oqighasy. Al tarihy túrghydan qaraghanda, búl — qazaqtyng auyzsha poeziyasy men europalyq ghylymy sayahatnamanyng týiisken sәti.
Brem arqardy atqan kýndi qazaqtyng belgisiz aqyny suyrypsalyp jyrgha qosty. Aqynnyng aty bizge әzirge jetpegenimen, onyng dauysy nemis sayahatshylarynyng jazbalary arqyly XIX ghasyrdan býginge deyin jetip otyr.
Osy túrghydan alghanda, «Bremen ekspedisiyasy Semey oblysynda» — tek sheteldik ghalymdardyng sayahaty turaly tarih emes. Ol Semey dalasynyng tabighaty men mәdeniyeti Europanyng ghylymy jәne әdeby kenistigine qalay engenin kórsetetin manyzdy tarihy derek.
Ómir Shynybekúly
Abai.kz
1876 jylghy nemis ghalymdarynyng Semey ónirine sapary jәne qazaq dalasy turaly europalyq jazbalar
1876 jyldyng kóktemi. Semey.
XIX ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda Semey qalasy Resey imperiyasynyng Shyghys Sibirdegi manyzdy әkimshilik jәne sauda ortalyqtarynyng birine ainaldy. Ertis boyyndaghy búl qala Europadan kelgen zertteushiler ýshin de qazaq dalasyna, Altaygha, Tarbaghataygha jәne Ortalyq Aziyagha shyghatyn qaqpa qyzmetin atqardy.
Dәl osy kezende Semey ónirine Germaniyadan úiymdastyrylghan ghylymy ekspedisiya keldi. Ekspedisiyany úiymdastyrghan — Bremendegi Germaniyanyng Soltýstik polyarlyq sayahattar qoghamy.
Onyng qúramynda tabighat zertteushisi, keyin býkil Europagha belgili bolghan zoolog Alifred Edmund Brem, ornitolog jәne zertteushi Otto Finsh, sonday-aq graf Karl fon Validburg-Seyli-Trauhburg boldy.
Ekspedisiyanyng 1876 jylghy sapary keyin birneshe kitap pen maqalagha arqau boldy. Finshting 1879 jyly shyqqan Reise nach West-Sibirien im Jahre 1876 enbegining tolyq kólemi 663 bet bolyp, onyng arnayy taraularynyng biri «Semipalátinsk und die Arcatberge» — «Semey jәne Arqat taulary» dep atalady.
Ekspedisiyanyng Semey oblysyndaghy sapary keyin tek nemis ghalymdarynyng enbekterinde ghana emes, osy ónirde túrghan orys әkimshilik elitasynyng ókilderi tarapynan da jazyldy. Solardyng biri — Semey oblysynyng әskery gubernatory Vladimir Poltoraskiyding әieli Lidiya Konstantinovna Poltoraskaya. Ol ekspedisiyanyng saparyna otbasy mýshesi retinde qatysyp, keyin «Bremenskaya ekspedisiya v Semipalatinskoy oblasti» atty kólemdi ocherk jariyalady. Maqala Priroda y ohota jurnalynyng 1879 jylghy 1-tom, №3 sanynda, 23–52 betterde jaryq kórdi.
Semeydegi alghashqy kýnder
Poltoraskayanyng jazbasy ekspedisiya mýshelerining Semeyge keluinen bastalady. Sayahatshylardy Poltoraskiyler otbasy qarsy alady. Sheteldik qonaqtargha qazaq dalasynyng túrmysymen tanysugha mýmkindik beriledi.
Poltoraskayanyng jazbasynda qonaqtardy kiyiz ýide qarsy alu kórinisi erekshe oryn alady. Avtor dala jaghdayyndaghy qazaq qonaqjaylyghyn, últtyq taghamdardy jәne qymyzdy sipattaydy. Onyng jazbasynan palau, qazaqsha kәuap jәne qymyz úsynylghanyn kóremiz. Búl — XIX ghasyrdyng sonyndaghy qazaqtyng kýndelikti túrmysyna syrt kózben qaraghan manyzdy etnografiyalyq derek.
Semeydegi osy alghashqy tanystyq ekspedisiyanyng keyingi baghytyn aiqyndady. Poltoraskiyler otbasy nemis sayahatshylaryna jergilikti jaghdaydy jaqsy biletin adamdarmen baylanysugha, jol jýruge jәne anshylyq úiymdastyrugha kómektesti.
Semeyden Arqatqa
Ekspedisiya Semeyden shyghysqa qaray jyljyp, Arqat taularyna bet aldy.
XIX ghasyrda Arqat óniri tabighaty qatal, biraq an-qúsqa bay dala aimaqtarynyng biri retinde belgili edi. Ásirese arqar aulau jergilikti qazaq anshylyq mәdeniyetining manyzdy salalarynyng biri bolatyn.
Brem ýshin búl sapardyng ghylymy maqsaty tabighatty baqylaumen ghana shektelmedi. Ol Sibir men qazaq dalasynyng januarlar dýniyesin óz kózimen zerttep, anshylyq arqyly jergilikti tabighy ortany tanugha tyrysty.
Finshting keyingi enbegindegi «Semipalátinsk und die Arcatberge» tarauy osy kezendi egjey-tegjeyli bayandaydy.
Arqattaghy arqar aulauy
Ekspedisiyanyng eng este qalarlyq oqighasy — Arqattaghy arqar aulauy.
Búl anshylyqqa Brem bastaghan nemis sayahatshylary ghana emes, jergilikti qazaqtar da qatysty. Arqat manyndaghy qazaqtardyng arasynda anshylyq ónerimen tanylghan adamdar boldy.
Solardyng biri — Ádil-han Djamanteyof. Finsh ony Arqat taularynyng iyesi әri óte jaqsy mergen retinde sipattaydy. Nemister kelgenge deyin ol iri arqardyng birin atyp ýlgergen. Onyng qoldanghan myltyghy da Finshting nazaryn audarghan: qarapayym bir únghyly Tula myltyghyn arnayy tirekke ornalastyryp atqan.
Búl derek sol kezdegi qazaq anshylyghynyng ózindik әdisterin de kórsetedi.
Alayda Ádil-han Djamanteyoftyng róline qatysty bir nәrseni naqty ajyratu qajet: ol — Bremge jyr aitqan aqyn emes, Arqattaghy belgili mergen.
Bremdi jyrlaghan qazaq aqyny
Anshylyqtan keyin ekspedisiya mýsheleri jergilikti qazaqtardyng qonaqjaylyghyna bólenedi. Finshting jazuynsha, daladaghy bedeldi adamdar ózderining sózderimen ghana shektelmey, «óz halqynyng ataqty bir bardyn» shaqyrghan.
Finsh búl adamdy berühmter Barde — «ataqty bard», al keyin gewandter Improvisator — «sheber improvizator» dep ataydy.
Aqyn sol kýngi anshylyqty jyrlaydy. Onyng óleninde general Poltoraskiy men onyng әieli, sheteldik qonaqtar jәne әsirese anshylyqta joly bolghan Brem madaqtalady.
Bremning óz jazbasynda búl oqigha búdan da qyzyqty sipattalady. Ol jyrshynyng ólenin tyndap otyryp, onyng sózderin jazyp alghanyn aitady. Jyr qazaqshadan orysshagha audarylghan, odan keyin general nemis tiline audarghan. Brem bolsa, osy audarma barysynda jyrdyng negizgi mәtinin qaghazgha týsirgen.
Osylaysha 1876 jylghy Arqattaghy bir anshylyq oqighasy qazaqtyng suyrypsalma poeziyasy turaly nemis zertteushilerining jazbasyna endi. Brem keyin búl jyrdy qazaq poeziyasynyng alghashqy ýlgilerining biri retinde qarastyrghanyn kórsetedi.
Biraq múnda zertteushi ýshin asa manyzdy bir mәsele bar: Brem de, Finsh te búl aqynnyng esimin jariyalamaghan.
Sondyqtan býgingi tanda onyng atyn naqty anyqtalghan tarihy túlgha retinde ataugha negiz joq.
Qazaqtyng suyrypsalma óneri europalyq sayahatshy kózimen
Finshting jazbasy qazaq poeziyasyna qatysty taghy bir manyzdy mәlimet beredi. Ol qazaqtardyng poeziyasy joghary dengeyde damyghanyn jәne jyrlardyng úrpaqtan úrpaqqa beriletinin atap ótedi.
Europalyq sayahatshy qazaq dalasyndaghy aqynnyng tek dayyn óleng oryndaushy emes, oqighagha baylanysty sol jerde sóz qúraytyn improvizator bolghanyna nazar audarady.
Búl sipattama qazaqtyng suyrypsalma aqyndyq dәstýrining XIX ghasyrda sheteldik baqylaushylardyng ózine de erekshe әser qaldyrghanyn kórsetedi.
Arqattaghy jyrdyng taqyryby da kezdeysoq emes. Aqyn sol kýngi naqty oqighany — sheteldik qonaqtyng arqardy dәl atyp aluyn — poeziyalyq sujetke ainaldyrghan.
Demek, búl jerde tabighat, anshylyq, qonaqjaylyq jәne aqyndyq óner bir oqighanyng ishinde toghysady.
Lidiya Poltoraskayanyng tarihy róli
Bremen ekspedisiyasy turaly sóz bolghanda Lidiya Poltoraskayanyng enbegin bólek qarastyrghan jón.
Ol tek gubernatordyng әieli retinde ekspedisiya mýshelerimen birge jýrgen joq. Poltoraskaya fotografiyamen ainalysyp, Batys Sibirding tabighaty men túrghyndaryn suretke týsirdi. Onyng 1879 jyly jaryq kórgen «Alibom tipov y vidov Zapadnoy Sibiri, snyatyh L. K. Poltoraskoy» atty fotoalibomy Resey últtyq kitaphanasynyng qorynda saqtalghany turaly derek bar.
Sondyqtan Poltoraskayanyng múrasy eki týrli derek qabatyn biriktiredi:
birinshisi — jazbasha kuәlik, yaghny Bremen ekspedisiyasy turaly ocherk;
ekinshisi — vizualdy derek, yaghny qazaqtardyn, tabighattyng jәne ekspedisiya jýrgen aimaqtardyng fotosuretteri.
Búl materialdar Semey ónirining XIX ghasyrdaghy tarihyn zertteu ýshin asa qúndy.
Ekspedisiyanyng ghylymy manyzy
Bremen ekspedisiyasynyng negizgi maqsaty qazaq dalasyn sayahat retinde tamashalau ghana bolghan joq. Ekspedisiya mýsheleri tabighatty, januarlar dýniyesin, geografiyany jәne jergilikti halyqtyng túrmysyn zerttedi.
Finshting 1879 jylghy kitaby 663 betten túrady jәne ekspedisiyanyng býkil marshrutyn, tabighat baqylaularyn jәne etnografiyalyq materialdaryn qamtidy. Semey men Arqatqa arnalghan tarau kitaptyng arnayy bólimderining biri boldy.
Brem keyin búl sapar turaly Die Gartenlaube jurnalyna «Eine Reise nach Sibirien» atty maqalalar seriyasyn jariyalady. 1888 jylghy jariyalanymda Semeyden Ertis arqyly qazaq dalasyna ótui, Arqat taulary jәne anshylyq oqighalary bayandalady.
Osylaysha 1876 jylghy sapardyng derekteri birneshe basylymgha tarady:
- Lidiya Poltoraskayanyng 1879 jylghy oryssha ocherki;
- Otto Finshting 1879 jylghy nemisshe ghylymiy-sayahatnamasy;
- Alifred Bremning keyingi sayahat jazbalary;
- Poltoraskayanyng fotosuretteri.
Olardyng barlyghy bir ekspedisiyanyng әr qyryn kórsetedi.
Qazaq dalasy turaly europalyq kózqaras
Bremen ekspedisiyasynyng jazbalary arqyly XIX ghasyrdaghy Semey oblysynyng tabighaty ghana emes, qazaq qoghamynyng әleumettik jәne mәdeny ómirining keybir kórinisteri de Europa oqyrmanyna jetti.
Europalyq sayahatshylar qazaq auyldaryn, kiyiz ýilerdi, qonaqjaylyqty, qymyzdy, at pen it baptaudy, býrkitpen ang aulaudy jәne arqarshylyqty sipattady.
Alayda búl derekterdi paydalanghanda bir erekshelikti eskeru qajet: olardyng avtorlary — syrttan kelgen europalyq baqylaushylar. Sondyqtan olardyng jazbalary qazaq qoghamynyng tolyq beynesi emes, XIX ghasyrdaghy sheteldik sayahatshylardyng kózimen kóringen tarihy kórinis.
Sol sebepti Brem men Finshting jazbalaryn qazaqtyng óz ishinen shyqqan derektermen, arhiv qújattarymen, auyzsha tarihpen jәne jergilikti shejirelik materialdarmen salystyra paydalanu manyzdy.
Belgisiz aqynnyng izi
Bremen ekspedisiyasynyng Semey oblysyndaghy saparynyng eng qyzyqty júmbaqtarynyng biri — Bremning qúrmetine jyr aitqan qazaq aqynynyng esimi.
Biz onyng bolghanyn birneshe derek arqyly bilemiz. Brem onyng jyryn tyndaghan. Finsh ony ataqty bard jәne sheber improvizator dep sipattaghan. Onyng jyrynyng taqyryby da belgili: sol kýngi anshylyq jәne Bremning arqar atuy.
Biraq onyng esimi әzirge belgisiz.
Búl jaghday XIX ghasyrdaghy qazaqtyng auyzsha әdeby múrasyn zertteuding kýrdeliligin kórsetedi. Europalyq sayahatshylar keyde jyrdyng mazmúnyn jazyp alghanymen, oryndaushynyng tolyq aty-jónin tirkemegen.
Sondyqtan Arqattaghy osy aqynnyng esimin anyqtau ýshin Poltoraskayanyng 1879 jylghy maqalasynyng týpnúsqa betterin, Poltoraskiylerding jeke arhiyvin, 1876 jylghy ekspedisiyagha qatysty orys әkimshilik qújattaryn jәne sol kezendegi Semey ónirining qazaqtary turaly derekterdi qatar qarastyru qajet.
Qorytyndy: 1876 jylghy Bremen ekspedisiyasy Semey oblysynyng tarihynda erekshe iz qaldyrghan ghylymy saparlardyng biri boldy.
Ekspedisiya mýsheleri Semeyden Arqat taularyna deyin jýrip ótip, qazaq dalasynyng tabighatyn, anshylyq mәdeniyetin jәne jergilikti halyqtyng túrmysyn óz enbekterine engizdi.
Búl sapardyng qúndylyghy tek tabighattanu ghylymy ýshin emes. Onyng jazbalarynda XIX ghasyrdaghy qazaq qoghamynyng qonaqjaylyghy, anshylyq dәstýri, jylqy mәdeniyeti, dala túrmysy jәne eng bastysy — suyrypsalma poeziya óneri turaly derekter saqtaldy.
Arqattaghy Brem anshylyghy osynyng jarqyn mysaly. Bir qaraghanda búl — sheteldik sayahatshynyng kezekti anshylyq oqighasy. Al tarihy túrghydan qaraghanda, búl — qazaqtyng auyzsha poeziyasy men europalyq ghylymy sayahatnamanyng týiisken sәti.
Brem arqardy atqan kýndi qazaqtyng belgisiz aqyny suyrypsalyp jyrgha qosty. Aqynnyng aty bizge әzirge jetpegenimen, onyng dauysy nemis sayahatshylarynyng jazbalary arqyly XIX ghasyrdan býginge deyin jetip otyr.
Osy túrghydan alghanda, «Bremen ekspedisiyasy Semey oblysynda» — tek sheteldik ghalymdardyng sayahaty turaly tarih emes. Ol Semey dalasynyng tabighaty men mәdeniyeti Europanyng ghylymy jәne әdeby kenistigine qalay engenin kórsetetin manyzdy tarihy derek.
Ómir Shynybekúly
Abai.kz
