Qazaqstan tarihynda 1897 jyl men 2009 jyldar aralyghynda on bir ret halyq sanaghy ótkizilgen bolatyn. Halyq sanaghynyng bastapqy ekeui (1897, 1911 j) patshaly Resey zamanynda yaghny bodandyq qamyty moyyngha ilingen otarshyldyq kezende Resey imperiyasynyng mýddesi túrghysynan jýrgizildi. Otarlanghan elder arasynda qazaqtar arasynda jýrgizilgen halyq sanaghy әr otbasynda ortasha eseppen 5 adamnan bolmaghy kerek degen mólsherdi ústandy. Halyq sanaghyn ótkizude әr otbasy mólsherin negizge alu jýiesi týrik halyqtary tarihynda kóne dәuirden orta ghasyr kezenine deyin belgili bolatyn. Mysaly b.e.d. ýisin qaghandyghynda әr týtin basynan bir sarbazdan alu dәstýri ornyqqan edi. Al osy kórinisti 751 jyly Talas ózeni boyynda arab imperiyasy men Qytay imperiyasy arasynda bolyp ótken, sol zaman ýshin tendesi joq qyrghyn soghysqa Týrkesh qaghandyghy da tikeley aralasqan edi. Eki imperiya arasynda qysymda qalghan Týrkesh qaghandyghyna uaqyt pen jaghdaygha baylanysty eki imperiyanyng bireuin jaqtau qajettiligi tuady. Eger qytay armiyasy jaghyna shyqsa, qytaylar ketpey jerge ornyghyp qaluynan seskenedi. Sondyqtan Týrkesh memleketi mýddesi ýshin tandau arabtar jaghyna audy. Osy sebepti eki jaq bir-birine bata almay túrghanda qytaylargha qarsy maydandy Týrkeshter ashty.

Qazaqstan tarihynda 1897 jyl men 2009 jyldar aralyghynda on bir ret halyq sanaghy ótkizilgen bolatyn. Halyq sanaghynyng bastapqy ekeui (1897, 1911 j) patshaly Resey zamanynda yaghny bodandyq qamyty moyyngha ilingen otarshyldyq kezende Resey imperiyasynyng mýddesi túrghysynan jýrgizildi. Otarlanghan elder arasynda qazaqtar arasynda jýrgizilgen halyq sanaghy әr otbasynda ortasha eseppen 5 adamnan bolmaghy kerek degen mólsherdi ústandy. Halyq sanaghyn ótkizude әr otbasy mólsherin negizge alu jýiesi týrik halyqtary tarihynda kóne dәuirden orta ghasyr kezenine deyin belgili bolatyn. Mysaly b.e.d. ýisin qaghandyghynda әr týtin basynan bir sarbazdan alu dәstýri ornyqqan edi. Al osy kórinisti 751 jyly Talas ózeni boyynda arab imperiyasy men Qytay imperiyasy arasynda bolyp ótken, sol zaman ýshin tendesi joq qyrghyn soghysqa Týrkesh qaghandyghy da tikeley aralasqan edi. Eki imperiya arasynda qysymda qalghan Týrkesh qaghandyghyna uaqyt pen jaghdaygha baylanysty eki imperiyanyng bireuin jaqtau qajettiligi tuady. Eger qytay armiyasy jaghyna shyqsa, qytaylar ketpey jerge ornyghyp qaluynan seskenedi. Sondyqtan Týrkesh memleketi mýddesi ýshin tandau arabtar jaghyna audy. Osy sebepti eki jaq bir-birine bata almay túrghanda qytaylargha qarsy maydandy Týrkeshter ashty. Osy Týrkeshter qataryna shymyr taypasynan 20 myng atty sarbaz qosylghany tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty, belgili ghalym Álimghazy Dәulethannyng «Týrkeshter» degen ghylymy enbeginde atalyp kórsetiledi. Týrkeshter óz әskeri qataryna әr otbasynan bir sarbaz alyp otyrghan. Eger otbasynda jararlyq jalghyz bala bolsa, ol otbasynyng týtini óship qalmauy ýshin sarbazdyq mindetinen bosatylatyn dәstýr bolghan. Sonda halyq sanyn biluding tәsili әr otbasynan alynghan sarbazdar sanyna qaray anyqtalyp otyrghan. 1897, 1911 jylghy qazaqtar arasynda Resey imperiyasy jýrgizgen halyq sanaghynda әr otbasynda ortasha eseppen 5 adamnan bolady degen mólsherdi negizge alghan bolatyn. Biraq 1897 jylghy halyq sanaghynda qazaqtar jaylaghan úlan baytaq jerler tútas qamtylmaghan edi. Áriyne, shekaranyng ar jaghyndaghy qytay, monghol qazaqtary da esepke týspey qalghan bolatyn. Osynyng ózinde Resey qolastyndaghy qazaqtardyng sany - 3 787 000 adam dep kórsetilse, 1911 jylghy sanaqta 4 692 000 qazaq boldy. Yaghny 15 jyl ishinde qazaqtar 905 000 adamgha kóbeygen. Áriyne, búl kórinisten Resey imperiyasy qazaqtargha janashyrlyq tanytty, qamqorlyq jasady degen úghym tumasy anyq. Resey imperiyasy bodan bolghan týrik halyqtarynyng ishinde qazaqtar men noghay jәne qyrym tatarlarynyng taghdyryna asa qatygezdikpen qarap, olardy shoqyndyryp, orystandyryp jiberu maqsatyn qoydy. Eger búl sayasatqa kónbese, jer betinen sypyryp, joy maqsatyn ashyq qoyghanyna tarih kuә. 1916 jylghy últ-azattyq kóterilisin basu ýshin Nikolay-2-patsha ózining eng senimdi asa tәjiriybeli dosy Kuropatkindi Syrdariya guberniyasynyng general-gubernatory qyzmetine taghayyndady. Orta Aziyadaghy últ-azattyq kóterilisin týrli sayasy aila-amaldarmen túnshyqtyrghan general-gubernator óz kýndeliginde jazghanynday, Resey sayasy elitasynyng 1876-1916 jyl aralyghynda, yaghny 40 jyl ishinde qazaqtar ýshin jasaghan sayasy qorytyndysy - qazaqtardy jer betinen tútastay joyyp jiberu maqsatyn ashyq qoyghany әshkere bolyp otyr. Óitkeni Resey patshalyghyn Sh.Uәlihanov atap kórsetkendey, qazaqtardyng Reseyge bodan bolghan týrik halyqtary ishinde sanynyng kóp boluy, әri bolashaghy zor, últtyq sanasynyng joghary bolyp, erkindikke úmtyluy shoshytty. Resey imperiyasyna halyq emes, onyng jeri kerek ekenin júrtshylyq erte sezindi. HVI ghasyrda orystar 4 milliongha jetkende, qyrym tatarlarynyng sany 2 mln. bolatyn. Al qazir orystar 4 mln-nan 150 mln-gha jetse, qyrym tatarlary óz jerinde jarty mln-nan әreng asyp otyr. Óitkeni qyrym tatarlary jaylaghan Qyrym jeri eng shúrayly, kurortty jer boluymen birge strategiyalyq jaghynan asa qolayly meken boluy sebepti. Qyrym ólkesin tatarlarynan tazalaudy Resey aldyna maqsat etip qoysa, osy sayasatty Kenes ókimeti jalghastyryp, mýlde azayyp ketken qyrym tatarlaryn 1944 jyly jer audaryp, qyrghyngha úshyratuy genosidtik sayasattyng ózi bolyp shyqty.
Kenes ókimeti zamanynda 1917-1991 jyldar arasynda jeti ret jýrgizilgen halyq sanaghynda qazaqtardyng taghdyry basqa týrik halyqtarynyng ósu dengeyimen salystyrghanda ósip jetiluding ornyna keri ketip, 1916 jylghy 6 million qazaqtyng 1 900 000-gha sheyin qúldyrap, óz jerinde 82%-dan 29%-gha deyin mýlde azayyp ketuinde qanday qúpiya syr jatyr? Bir jaghynan qaraghanda Kenes ýkimeti men Ortalyq Komiytetting sayasy burosynda Resey imperiyasynyng ústanghan dәstýrin jalghastyrushy bolghanyn Kenes ýkimeti kezinde alty ret ótkizilgen halyq sanaghynyng nәtiyjesi naqtyly týrde aighaqtap otyrsa, qalaysha ýnsiz otyra almaqsyn.
«Betpaq jendim deydi, bishara kóndim deydi», - dep halyq maqaly aitqanday, bishara bolyp shyndyqty ashpaugha endi tәuelsiz zamany kónbese kerek. Óitkeni 1911 jylghy patshalyq sanaqtan keyin qazaqtardyng sany 1959 jylgha deyin jyl ótken sayyn túraqty týrde azayyp, otalyp otyrdy.
Mysaly, 1916 jyly qazaqtar sany 6 mln. bolsa
1939 jyly halyq sanaghynda 3 099 000 adamgha kemidi. Óz jerinde otyryp, 21,9% týsip ketti.
1944 jyly qazaq sany 1 900 000-gha sheyin azaydy.
Biylik basyna qazaq últynyng ókili Qonaev otyrghan kezden bastap qazaqtar sany jyl ótken sayyn molyghyp, túraqty týrde ósu jolyna týsti.
Kýdik tudyratyn mәselening ózekti jelisi - basqa týrik halyqtary túraqty týrde eselenip kóbeyip otyrghanda, noghay, qyrym tatarlary men qazaq halqynyng kenestik dәuirde jyl ótken sayyn azayyp, qazaqtardyng óz jerinde 29 %-ke sheyin týsip ketuinde qanday qúpiya jasyryn syr jatyr?
Mәselening týp tórkini osy syrgha qanyghyp, oqyrman kózin shyndyqqa jetkizude jatyr. Týrik halyqtary sanynyng ósu, evolusiyalyq damu jolyn salystyryp kóreyik:

1897 jyl sanaghynda qazirgi kýnde
1. Ózbekter 2,2 mln. 12,36 ese ósti
2. Týrikmen 0,8 mln. 5,6 ese ósti
3. Qyrghyz 0,5 mln. 5,7 ese ósti
4. Tәjik 0,5 mln. 4,5 ese ósti
5. Úighyr 43 myng 6 ese ósti

Nemese qazaqtardyng Ortalyq Aziya halyqtary ishinde payyzdyq kórsetkishi:
1897 jyl 52,5%
1911 jyl 57,5%
1926 jyl 37,5%
1939 jyl 28,2%
1951 jyl 27,1%
1970 jyl 26,5%
1979 jyl 25,5%
1989 jyl 23,3%-gha deyin qúldyrap tómendegen.
Búl payyzdyq kórsetkishte qazaqtar 90 jylgha juyq merzimde payyzdyq kórsetkishi ýnemi tómendep, otalyp otyrghanyn kóremiz.
Qazaqtardyng ózge Orta Aziya halyqtaryna qaraghanda sany jaghynan ýnemi toqtausyz azayyp otyruynyng sebebi nede? Otarlyqtyng qysymy ne sebepti qazaqtargha erekshe týse bergen?
Mәselening mәni osy sebepti ashuda jatyr. 1916 jyly 6 mln. qazaq ósip órkendeuding ornyna 1940 jyl 1 mln. 900 myngha deyin qúldyrap, 3 eseden asa azayghan. Al búl kezde kórshiles otyrghan ózbek, qyrghyz, týrikpen, tәjik, úighyrlar 5 eseden, ózbekter 12 esege deyin kóbeyip, ýnemi ósip órleu jolynda bolghan. Búl halyqtardyng bәri de bir sayasy jýiede, bir memleket ishinde ómir sýrdi. Biraq qazaqtar elden erekshe ósuding ornyna óship, azayyp, sany jaghynan tómen qaray qúldyrap otyrghan. Osy mәsele túrghysynan qaraghanda ataqty tarihshy, oishyl ghalym Mәmbet Qoygeldiyevting «... Jalpy tarihty qarap otyrsaq, kenes ókimetining tirshilik etken býkil ghúmyrynda bizding últqa erekshe mәn berip, qauiptenip otyrghanyn bayqau qiyn emes» («Ýsh qiyan», 26.12.2008 j), - dep mәlimdeuinde mәselening týp tórkinin dәl basyp kórsetip túr. Osy qauipten habary bar QKP OK-ning iydeologiyalyq hatshysy Núrymbek Jandildin mәskeulik student Maqash Tәtimovke «Student bala! Eger ótkendi Mәskeude jýrip zerttemek bolsan, adamdardyng (qazaqtardyn) sanyn emes, Qazaqstandaghy mal shyghynyn zertte» (M.Tәtimov. El basy jәne el sany. Almaty. 2009, 42-bet), - dep halyq sanyn zertteuge qúpiya syrdy ashyp qoyar degendey shoshyna qarauy - kenestik ýkimetting sanaly týrde qazaqtar ýshin teris pighyldy әreketin bilip, sodan zertteushining nazaryn basqa jaqqa audaryp jiberuge tyrysuy - kóp nәrsening astarly syryn anghartsa kerek-ti. Ótkendi tanyp bilmey, aldyndy, baghyt-baghdaryndy naqtyly boljau qiyn. Osy sebepti ótkendi bilu qay kezde bolsa da qajettilik, ony uaqyt talap etedi. Tipti qazaq halqynyng respublika qalalaryna ornalasu jaghdayyna deyin Mәskeudegi ortalyqtyng ýnemi qadaghalap, nazarda ústap otyruy da bizge degen senimsizdik sayasaty. Anau-mynau emes, mýiizi qaraghayday KPSS OK Sayasy Burosynyng beldi mýshesi Solomensevtyng ózi QKP OK burosynda jeltoqsan oqighasyna baylanysty sóilegen sózinde: «Búl ne degen súmdyq! Belgili núsqaulargha qaramastan, Almaty qalasyndaghy qazaqtyng sany 20%-gha deyin asyp ketken», - dep әkirendey sóileuining astarynda qazaq halqy turaly arnayy týrde beriletin «belgili núsqaulardyn» syryn ashyp berip túr emes pe?
Solomensev pikiri janashyrlyqtyng emes, sanaly týrdegi qaskóilikting pighyly. Onyng tamyryn izdesen, ótken tarih jelisinde jatyr. Mysal retinde alatyn bolsaq ol - Kavkaz ben Qyrymdy jaulap alghan Resey imperiyasy ústanghan sayasy maqsatymen úshtasuynda jatyr. Kavkazdy jaulap alugha tikeley qatysqan ataqty general N.N. Raevskiyding soghys ministri A.I. Chernyshevke jazghan qyzmet hatynda «amerikany alghash jaulap alushy evropalyqtar ýndisterdi qalay qyrghyngha úshyratsa, bizding kavkazdaghy is-әreketterimiz de sodan birde-bir kem bolmay otyr... Sondyqtan men ketemin. Múnday súmdyqqa janym tóze alar emes» (A.V.Fadeev. Rossiya y Kavkaz. Moskva, 1910, s. 302), - dep jazuy Kavkaz halyqtaryn soghysta qynaday qyrghan ayausyz jauyzdyqqa shyday almaghan shyndyqtan tuyp otyr. Búl oily generaldyng pikiri bolsa, sol Kavkaz soghysyn kózimen kórgen orystyng úly klassik aqyny A.S.Pushkinning «Otarshyldar jergilikti halyqty: avar, qúmyq, qarashay, sheshen ingush, darghyn, balqar, qabarda, sherkesh, lezgin, adyq, laq, noghay, tukhum, tobasarandardy atamekenderinen quyp, búl jerlerge ishki Reseyden lek-legimen aghylghan kazachestvony qonystandyrdy. Sherkeshter kóp qyryldy. Keybir taypalar joyylyp ketti». (A.S. Pushkiyn, Sobranie sochiyneniy v desyaty tomah. T. 7. Moskva, 1984, s. 302) dep jazuy arqyly Resey imperiyasynyng jauyzdyq is-әreketin әlem aldynda әshkerelep otyr. Osy sayasatty Kenes ókimeti de jýrgizip, soghys kezinde, 1944 jyly Kavkaz, Qyrymdaghy músylman halyqtardy jerdi tazartu ýshin tútas deportasiyalap, qonys audaryp, qyrghyngha úshyratty. 1926 jyly Kenes odaghynda 194 últ bolsa, ol 1991 jyly 101 últ qana qalyp, 93 últtyng jútylyp, joq bolyp sinisip ketui - moyny juan Reseyding dәstýrli qatygez otarshyldyq sayasatynyng jalghastyq tabuynda jatyr. Qazaq, noghay, qyrym tatarlary Kenes ókimetining erekshe nazaryna alynuy - últtyng taghdyryna qasiretti ózgerister әkeldi. 1) Reseyding ókpe túsyna ornalasqan noghay handyghy qúlaghan son, noghaylar kýshpen shoqyndyrylyp orystandyryldy. Aqyry orystargha sinip, tarihy ornyn joghaltty. Al qyrym tatarlaryn Resey 1771 jyly jaulap aluyna baylanysty qyrym tatarlarynyng sany azayyp ¾ parasy syrtqa qashty. Óitkeni Qyrymnyng general-gubernatory Borozsinnin: «A tataram velel uhoditi na chetyre storony», - dep astamdyq kórsetui osynyng aighaghy bolatyn-dy.
2) 1780 jyly qyrym tatarlary óz jerinde mýldem azshylyqqa ainalyp, sanaly týrde qughyndaugha týsti. Qyrymdaghy 680 selo qanyrap bos qaldy. Osy qasiretti kórgen jurnalist: «... tatarskie semeystva vse, ot stara do mala, poshly na kladbisha skazati poslednee «prosti» svoim pohoronennym predkam, ety izgnanniky opuskaytsya na koleni, biut kulakamy v grudi y seluyt zemlu. Ny voya, ny krikov ne slyshno, tiho struyatsya slezy na ih zagorelyh lisah» (Krym, Simferopoli. 1930, s. 114) dep jazuynan halyq qasiretin kózben kórgendey bolamyz. Búl qasiret qyrym tatarlaryna az bolghanday olardan qalghan-qútqan úrpaqtaryn 1944 jyly týgeldey jer audaryp jiberdi. XVI ghasyrda sany jaghynan orys halqynyng jartysyna teng qyrym tatarlary býginde 0,5 mln-gha jetpes halde túr. Bir kezde Baqshasarayday astanasy bar qyrym tatarlarynyng memleketi qúlap, Resey tarapynan qughyndalyp, jer betinen joyyludyng aldynda túr.
3) Resey imperiyasynyng qúrbandyghyna úshyray jazdaghan ýlken halyqtyng biri qazaqtardyng da taghdyry bir kezderi hal ýstinde týrdy. Myng ólip, myng tirilgen qazaq halqynyng qasiretin tanyp bilu, ony halyq retinde jer betinen joyyp jiberu jolyndaghy Resey imperiyasynyng qaskóy sayasatyn zerttep, sanasynan ótkizip otyru - býgingi úrpaq paryzyna ainalyp otyr.
Qazaq halqy ortalyqtyng sanaly týrde jýrgizgen qaskóilik әreketi bolmaghanda, sanymyz jaghynan týrik halyqtarynyng arasynda eng kóbi bolyp 30 mln-gha jeter edik. Sanymyz ósuding ornyna azang - últtyq qasiretimizge ainaldy.
Resey imperiyasynyng qol astynda otarlanghan el retinde 1731-1917 jyl aralyghynda, yaghny 186 jylday bodandyq ghúmyrymyz ótti. Eki ghasyr onay uaqyt emes, nebir dýrbeleng oqighalargha toly kýngeyinen kólenkesi basym jatqan shyrghalany mol zaman edi. Tәuelsiz biylik tizgini qoldan ketken song otarshyl ýkimet ornatqan el biyleu jýiesi qazaqtar ýshin әdeyi «úzyn arqan, keng túsaugha» salynghan uaqytsha biylikten, HIH ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynan aua «jabayylardy jabayylardyng qolymen túnshyqtyru» jýiesi biylik qúrghan zaman keldi. Otarshyl ýkimet qazaqtar ýshin otarlaudyng eng qatygez týri skvatterstvolyq (otarlanghan jerge kelimsekterdi ornalastyru arqyly ýstemdik etu joly) joldy ústandy. Qazaq jerin memleket menshigi dep resmy týrde zandastyryp alghan son, kelimsekterge shúrayly, suly jerlerdi tartyp әperu arqyly ózderining sayasy әleumettik tiregine ainaldyrdy. Jergilikti halyqty túrmystyq, últtyq qanau arqyly qúnarsyz shóleyt jerlerge yghystyryp, asa auyr jaghdayda qaldyruy sebepti chinovnik Balkashin siyaqty erekshe tapsyrma jýktelgen chinovnikter «Imperiyagha jer kerek, qazaq qayda ketse, onda ketsin» degen sózdi ashyq aita bastady. Qazaq halqyn Resey imperiyasy men Kenes ýkimetining erekshe qysymgha alyp, jyl ótken sayyn sanyn azaytyp, otap otyruynyng mening pikirimde alty týrli sebebi bar. Olar:
Jer otarlau sayasatynyng osynday jýgensiz әreketin óz kózimen kórip ósken oishyl aqyn Súltanmahmút Torayghyrov:
Týbinde qúruyna elden erek,
Men aitayyn bolady jering sebep, -
dep qazaq jerining it talaghan teridey toz-tozy shyghyp jyrmalanuy halyqtyng jyl ótken sayyn sany azayyp, qúrdymgha týsip qúruyna alyp kelerin sezgendikten aitqan edi. Óitkeni soghystardyng deni jer ýshin bolatyny talas tudyrmasa kerek.
Ekinshiden, úlan-baytaq qazaq jerin, yaghny alyp dalany Resey imperiyasy әrtýrli joldarmen bir jarym ghasyrgha juyq uaqytta әreng jaulap, mengerdi. Óitkeni qazaq jeri Aziyany jaylaghan basqa týrik-monghol halyqtarynyng jau ótine ústaghan temir qalqany ispettes bolghandyqtan, otarshyldardyng jolyn bógep túrdy, olardy qatty ashyndyrdy. Olar qazaqtardyng belin syndyryp, últtyq ruhyn janshymayynsha, týpki maqsatyna jetui neghaybyl ekenin bildi. Búghan Petr I patshanyng sózi aighaq. Osy sebepti әrqily sayasy aila-sharghylardy qoldanu arqyly qazaqtardyng ósip-ónuine jol bermey, olardy birtindep sanyn qysqartyp, jyl ótken sayyn otap otyru sayasatyna jol berdi.
Ýshinshiden, Resey otarshyldary qazaq jerin jaulau arqyly Týrkistan ólkesindegi handyqtardy 1-2 jylda jaulap alyp, bodandyqqa týsirdi. Olar qazaq jerine 150 jylday shabuyldaghanda, qazaq batyrlary qaruly qolmen barlyq jerde qarsylyq jasap, basqynshylardyng betin qaytaryp otyrsa, ózbek handyqtary birinen song biri qúlaghanda, ne ózbektin, ne tәjiktin, ne sarttyng bir batyry da qarsylyq kórsete almauy, olardyng últtyq sanasynyng joqtyghyn tanytty. Reseyge eng qauipti jau elin, jerin sýigen últtyq sanasy joghary, erkindikte ómir keshken qazaq halqy ekenin olar jaqsy bildi.
Qazaqtar ýshin Reseyding endigi ústanar sayasaty - olardyng últtyq sanasyn óshirip, ruhany tamyrlarynan qol ýzdiru, shoqyndyru, orystandyryp mәngýrttendiru, tobyrgha ainaldyru jәne jyl ótken sayyn sanyn azaytyp otap otyrugha baghyt aldy.
Tórtinshiden, qazaq halqynyng oqyghan ziyaly úldary 1905-1917 jyl aralyghynda Týrik birligin qoldap, Alashorda partiyasyn qúryp, avtonomiya súrauy - otarshyldardy shoq basqanday shoshytty. Osy jyldary Dumanyng deputaty Markov qazaqtardy Shynghyshan men Temirlannyng úrpaghy retinde amerikandyqtar qyzylterili ýndisterdi qalay qyrsa, solay qyryp tauysu mәselesin Dumada kóterdi. Al general-gubernator Kuropatkinning búl iydeyany yaghni, qazaqtardy jer betinen sypyryp tastau kerektigin qoldaghanyna onyng kýndeligi kuә.
Qoryta aitqanda, Resey imperiyasynyng qazaqtardyng sanyn sanaly týr-de azaytyp, qoldan kelse, jer betinen joghaltyp, úlan-baytaq ata qonysyn mәngilikke iyemdenuden basqa maqsaty bolmaghandyghy aidan anyq mәsele.
Zaman ózgerip, patshalyq qúrylys qúlap, biylikke 1917 jyly qarashada bolishevikter partiyasy keldi.
Ómirge úrandata kelip, taptyq sayasatty ústanghan kenestik ýkimet pen bolishevikter partiyasynyng basty kemshiligi sóz ben isining alshaqtyghy bolatyn.
Olardyng halyqtar dostyghyn úrandatqanymen, patsha ýkimetining orystandyru sayasatyn jalghastyrushy múragerine ainalghanyn tarihy ómir aghysy aighaqtap jatty. 1920 jyly ótken sezding últ sayasaty turaly irgeli sheshimderi Stalinning biylikke keluimen jýzege aspay, qaghaz betinde qaldy.
Kenes ýkimetining qazaqtar turaly ústanghan sayasaty patsha otarshyl-dary sayasatynyng dәstýrli jalghasynyng ózi bolyp shyqty. Múny kenes ýkimeti kezinde әrtýrli maqsat túrghysynan 7 ret ótkizilgen halyq sanaghynyng qorytyndylary aighaqtap otyr.
Besinshiden, býkil týrik halyqtaryn qol astynda ústaghan Kenes ýkimeti darhan kónildi qarapayym qazaq halqyna ne sebepti qauiptene qarady? Bizding bayqauymyzsha, týrik halyqtary arasynda qazaqtardyng qoghamdyq oi-sanadaghy birligi men ruhany tútastyghy jәne kýreskerlik qabiletining joghary boluy biylikti seskendirse kerek. Óitkeni 1917-20 jyldar arasyndaghy sayasy biylik jolyndaghy kýreste qazaqtar Alash Orda partiyasyn qúryp, Resey qolastynda últtyq avtonomiyasyn jariyalap ýlgerse, 1924 jyly T.Rysqúlov Týrkistan Respublikasyn qúru turaly mәseleni Mәskeuge úsyndy. Mine, Qazaqstan men Týrkistandaghy osynday zor sayasiy-әleumettik ózgeristerding basynda, negizinen, qazaq sayasy elitasynyng basshylyq etuinen ortalyq seskene bastady. Týrkistan ólkesindegi týrik halyqtary odaghyn ydyratyp, bólshekteu sayasatyn ústandy. Al Mәskeudegi ortalyq Qazaqstanda biylik tizginin Goloshekinge berip, sonyng qolymen asharshylyq úiymdastyryp, halyqtyng teng jartysynan astamyn qyryp saldy. Oi-sananyng úiytqysy bolghan qazaq ziyalylaryn tapshyldyq sayasat negizinde bir-birine sanaly týrde aidap salu arqyly olardyng kózin tútastay joydy. Keleshek jastardy ruhany tamyrynan ajyratyp, orystandyru arqyly mәngýrttendirudi qolgha aldy. Ol ýshin qoldanystan jazu tanbasyn eki ret әueli arab jazuy tanbasynan latyn jazu tanbasyna auystyru (1930 j.), ekinshi ret on jyl uaqyt ótpey-aq latynshany kirillisagha almastyru (1940) arqyly kózdegen maqsatyna jetti. Qazaqtardyng óz qolymen ot kóseu prinsiypin ústandy. Qazaq sany jaghynan oisyrap týsuin 1920, 1926, 1937 jylghy halyq sanaghynyng nәtiyjesi taygha tanba basqanday kórsetip berdi.
Altynshydan, zorlap kolhozdastyru men 1932 jylghy asharshylyqtan úrpaghyn aman saqtap qalu maqsatymen qazaqtar shetelderge jappay qasha bas-tady. Olardyng sany 5-mln.-gha deyin jetip, әlemning 40-tan asa memleket-terinde ómir sýrip jatyr.

Shetel qazaqtary qanday da sayasiy-әleumettik sapyrylysqa týsse de, sany jaghynan bayau týrde birkelki ósu jolynda bolghanyn bayqaymyz. Al Qazaqstandaghy qazaqtar Ortalyqtyng tikeley baqylauynda boluy sebepti sany jaghynan úzaq jyldar boyy (1917-1957) ýnemi azayyp, otalyp keldi. Qazaqtar óz jerinde býginde 67%-gha jetse de, taza qazaq tildi mektebi 50%-dan aspay otyruy da mәselening týp tórkinin aiqyndap túr.

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