Qazaqstan men Orta Aziya ekologiyasynyng basty jauy bolyp otyrghan «Bayqonyr» kosmodromynyng qúrylysy 1955 jyly bastalyp, qazir 6717 sharshy shaqyrym aimaqty alyp jatyr. 1957 jyly tamyzda alghashqy raketa úshyrylghan. Sodan bergi 50 jylda әrtýrli maqsattaghy 1100 kosmos apparaty jәne 100-den astam kontiynentaralyq ballistikalyq raketa úshyrylyp, synalypty. Sonymen qatar 38 týrli soghysqa qajetti, jappay qyryp joyatyn raketalar men kosmos kemelerining 80-nen astam modifikasiyasy da synalghan.

Kosmodromdardan úshqan raketalardyng birinshi bó­likteri Qa­ra­ghandy obly­syn­­daghy № 25-zo­nagha týs­se, ekinshi bólikteri sol oblystaghy № 4-zonagha, ýshin­shi bólik­teri de Qazaqstanda ornalasqan     № 310-zonagha (Shy­ghys Qazaqstan) túraqty týrde qúlap, kýz, qys, kóktemde dauyldar men ýsik, ayazdardy, jazda qatty ystyqtardan basqa orman, dala órtterin de kóbeytude.

Radioaktivti uly raketa synyqtary dalalarymyzda shashylyp jatyr. Raketalarda qoldanylatyn otyndardaghy uly, ziyandy qospalar, sauyldap týsip jatqan raketa synyqtary da ekologiyalyq zardaptar әkelude.

Qazaqstan men Orta Aziya ekologiyasynyng basty jauy bolyp otyrghan «Bayqonyr» kosmodromynyng qúrylysy 1955 jyly bastalyp, qazir 6717 sharshy shaqyrym aimaqty alyp jatyr. 1957 jyly tamyzda alghashqy raketa úshyrylghan. Sodan bergi 50 jylda әrtýrli maqsattaghy 1100 kosmos apparaty jәne 100-den astam kontiynentaralyq ballistikalyq raketa úshyrylyp, synalypty. Sonymen qatar 38 týrli soghysqa qajetti, jappay qyryp joyatyn raketalar men kosmos kemelerining 80-nen astam modifikasiyasy da synalghan.

Kosmodromdardan úshqan raketalardyng birinshi bó­likteri Qa­ra­ghandy obly­syn­­daghy № 25-zo­nagha týs­se, ekinshi bólikteri sol oblystaghy № 4-zonagha, ýshin­shi bólik­teri de Qazaqstanda ornalasqan     № 310-zonagha (Shy­ghys Qazaqstan) túraqty týrde qúlap, kýz, qys, kóktemde dauyldar men ýsik, ayazdardy, jazda qatty ystyqtardan basqa orman, dala órtterin de kóbeytude.

Radioaktivti uly raketa synyqtary dalalarymyzda shashylyp jatyr. Raketalarda qoldanylatyn otyndardaghy uly, ziyandy qospalar, sauyldap týsip jatqan raketa synyqtary da ekologiyalyq zardaptar әkelude.

Resey kosmos әsker­lerining negizgi strategiyalyq bazasy bop sanalatyn «Bayqonyr» myna almaghayyp zamanda bizding memle­ketimizding qauipsiz­digine, elimizding tәuel­sizdigine de ýlken qater tóndirip otyr. Sebebi, kosmodromnan jiyi-jii Kamchatkadaghy «Kura» siyaqty poligondargha synaq ýshin jiberilip túratyn, SS-18, NATO-nyng klassifikasiyasy boyynsha «Stiylet» dep atalatyn SS-19, SS-20 raketalary bar, onyng ýstine kosmostaghy úshyp jýrgen yadrolyq «Kosmos» seriyaly әskery sputniyk­terdi bas­qaryp otyrghan «Bay­qonyrdyn», biz qansha jerden atom qaruy joq aimaqpyz desek te, yadrolyq qaruy bar elderding ózara soghys janjaly tua qalghan jaghdayda, birinshi nysana kózi bolary dausyz!!!

Qazir gharyshqa úshatyn raketa qozghaltqyshtarynda geptilden bas­tap, nebir uly qúramdy zattarmen qatar, kriogendi otyndar da qoldanylady. Yaghny aua bólgish qondyr­ghylarda ottegi men sutegi 184 gradusta sú­yyl­tylyp, erekshe teh­nologiya­lyq әreketpen qataytylyp, auasyz kenistikte raketa otyndaryn jaghugha qajetti, bizding ózi­mizge, ómirimizge qajetti ottegi gazdary tonnalanyp, aua kenis­tigimiz tonalyp, kosmosqa qaytarymsyz ketip jatady. Tabighat-ananyng әr aimaqqa ólshep bergen auasy, suy, jelderi bolady. Ári osy kosmodromnyng teniz ben múhit jaghalauynda emes, taqyr qúrlyqta ornalasuy jerimizde kýn ótken sa­yyn ottegining auadaghy qalypty mólsherden azayyp ketuine әkelude. Tipten sәuir men qazan ailary arasynda búl jerden ottegi alu mýmkin bolmay qalghan. Ottegining aua qúramyndaghy az ghana auytqushylyghy tek qana tynys alugha emes, adam aghzasyndaghy zat almasu prosesterine de keri әserin tiygizip, qanazdyq, qannyng qyzyl týiir­shikterining azangy, qaterli isik, teri aurulary men kóptegen medisinanyng shamasy kelmeytin aurulardy da kóbeytude, al oghan neshe týrli mutasiyagha úshyraghan jan-januarlar әlemi men ósimdikter dýniye­sin qosynyz...

Osynshama qoldan jasa-lyp jatqan zardapty apattardyng negizgi sebep­teri Reseyding isten shygharylghan «Satan» SS-18, 19, 20 raketalary bolyp túr. Oryssha MBR RS-20A dep belgile­netin raketalardyng yadrolyq tastúmsyqtary alynyp tasta­lyp, jer serikteri gharyshqa úshyru­gha beyimdelgen. Búl raketalar Ke­nes Odaghynyng basshysy M.Gorbachev pen AQSh preziydenti R.Rey­ganmen aradaghy kelissóz negizinde qorshaghan ortagha asa qa­terli qaru retinde joyylugha tiyis bolatyn. Ony syrt kózden jәne halyqaralyq qauymdastyqtan jasyru ýshin, auyr «Pro­ton» raketalary dep, jana at bergen. Jәne de búl raketalardy orbitagha shygharghan kez­degi bolyp qalatyn kezdeysoqtyqtan saqtanu maqsatynda 20 tonnalyq qosymsha raketalyq otyn baktary qoyylghan. Búl raketalarda qorshaghan ortagha asa qauipti geptil otyny qoldanylady. Onyng auadaghy rúqsat etil­gen shekti taralu mólsheri 1 mg/kub-shaqyrym. Yaghny óte uly, ziyan­dy búl geptiyl, himiya tilimen ait­qanda, simmetriyasyz diymetilgidrazinmen (S2N8N2) birge auasyz kenistikte otynnyng januyn qamtamasyz etetin ottegi gazy. Ottegi gazy ainalamyzdy qorshaghan atmosferadaghy aua qúramynyng 20,95%-yn, azot 78%-yn, al qalghan 1% -yn barlyq qalghan argon, sutegi, ksenon, kripton, neon, kómir qyshqyl gazy siyaqty basqa da gazdar qúraydy.

Búl ekologiyagha asa qauipti raketa otyndarynyng 50-60%-y ghana janyp ýlgerip, qalghandary jerimizge tógiledi eken. Geptil súiyq otyny - asa uly, tir­shilikting naghyz qas jauy. Osy raketalarda janudy kýsheyte­tin katalizator re­tinde kýmisting iony qoldanylady. Búl, óz kezeginde, geptilmen birge tógilip, raketa úshyp ótken traektoriya boyynda myndaghan sharshy shaqyrym jerlerde ylghaldy búlttar men jerden úshqan bulardy qonlatyp, qat­ty bulandyrady. Ási­re­se kýz, qys, kók­tem ailarynda aqsha búlt­tar men qatpar búlttardyng qalyndyghy 100-500 metr bolsa, «Protondar» úshqannan keyin búlt­tar bulanyp, qalyndyghy 7 shaqyrymgha deyin jetip, auada jer betine kýn sәu­le­sin týsirmey, kýnnen ta­raytyn energiya kózin túmshalap, odan aua rayy kýrt suyp, janbyr, artynan qa­lyng (qys kezinde) qar jauyp, sony 40-50 gradustyq ayazgha ainalady.

2001 jyly jeltoqsan aiynda Resey Bayqonyrdan ketpek niyetpen ylghaly kóp Arhangelis­k oblysynda ornalasqan Pliyse­s­­k kosmodromynan osy «Pro­tonnyn» bireuin úshyrghanda, Reseyding europalyq bóligin­de qalyndyghy birneshe metrge jetken qar jauyp, Mәskeuding ózinde 40 gradustay ayaz bolyp, myndaghan qanghybas «bomj» qyrylyp, odan keyin búl raketalardy Resey kosmodromdarynan úshyrugha tyiym salyndy. Batys elderining ólerdey qorqyp, «Satana» dep ataghan raketalary ylghaly kóp jerlerden úshyrylghanda, súmdyq ayazdy apattar әkeletini - әskeriylerge búrynnan belgili jaghdaylar.

Tәjikstan men Ózbekstan­nyng ontýstiginde ósiriletin biyazytalshyqty maqta plantasiyalaryn jazghytúrymda búrshaqtan qorghap, ony jauyngha ainaldyru ýshin búlttardy kýmisti-iodty snaryadtarmen atqylau tәjiriybesi qoldanylady. Al Gruziyanyng ylghaldy tauly qyrattaryndaghy shay plantasiyalaryn sugharu ýshin, jaz ailarynda meteoraketa úshyrylyp, odan kýmis iondary býrkilip, jauyn jaudyrylady.

1997 jyly Japon eli Qysqy Olimpiada ótkizerde kýmis iondaryn úshaqtarmen býrkip, qar jaumaytyn jerde orasan qalyng qar ja­uyp, ainalasyn ylghaldy teniz qorshaghan elde apatty jaghday qalyptasyp, payda bolghan qalyng búlttardy ydyratu ýshin, jýzdegen istrebiyteli-úshaqtardy qoldanyp, zorgha toqtatqan.

Al esepten shygharylghan búl raketalardyng býgingi kýnderi 150-den astamy Bayqonyrda saqtalyp otyr. Onyng ýstine, oqu-jattyghu jiyndarynda Reseyding Bayqonyrda ornalasqan strategiyalyq maqsattaghy kosmos әskerleri negizgi qoldanysta túrghan jana raketalardy ýnemdep, eski, esepten shygharylghan raketalardy Kamchatkada ornalasqan Kura nysana-poligonyna qalaghan uaqy­tynda, Qazaqstannan súramay-aq jibere beredi. Eger búl úshyrular osylay jalghasa berse, jo­gharydaghy raketalar 2018 jyly ghana tausylyp, oghan deyin osylay tabighatymyzdyng oiran-topalanyn shyghara bermek...

Búryndary jer serikteri Selinograd-Aqmola ýstinen úshyp ótip, búl aimaqtarda súm­dyq ayazdar bolyp túratyn. Qazir búl qala Astanagha ainalghan son, memlekettik basshylyq organdarynyng qauipsizdigin qamtamasyz etu ýshin, gharyshqa shyghatyn jer se­rik­terining basqarylu traektoriyasy ózgerti­lip, qazirgi kýnderi qysta búrynghyday qatty ayazdar azayghan. Onyng esesine traektoriya baghyty OQ oblysynyng soltýs­tik audandary men Jambyl, Almaty, Shyghys Qazaqstan oblystaryna qarly borandar әkelip, onyng әseri respublikanyng barlyq aimaqtaryna tarap, ontýs­tikte ózbek, qyrghyz jeri týgili, sonau tәjik jerine deyin jetude. Biylghy qystaghy Shyghys Qazaqstan men Mongholiyadaghy jalpy ghalamdaghy súmdyq ayazdar men ontýs­tiktegi teniz ben múhit jaghasyndaghy elderde oryn alghan su tasqyny apattary da - osy «Protondardyn» әkelip jatqan qasi­reti. Búl jer serikterin alyp úshatyn zymyrandar tapsyrystaghy belgilengen óz orbitasyna shyqqansha ghalamsharymyzdy ondaghan ret ainalatyndyghy kópshilikke belgili. Sondyqtan Batys elderi búl zymyrandardy «Satana» dep ataghan.

Jogharyda atalyp ótken ayazdardan keyin Almaty, Jambyl, Ontýstik Qazaqstan, Qyzylorda jerlerindegi kóktemde gýldep túrghan jemis aghashtary men jiydekterdi ýsikter úryp ketude.

Osydan keletin shyghyndardy qarapayym arifmetika tilimen eseptep kóreyik. Ontýstik oblystardy respublika hal­qynyng jartysyna juyghy mekendeydi. Eng az mólsherdi alyp, búl ónirlerde 1 million otbasy túrady dep eseptesek, olardy adam basyna bólmey, taghy da eng az degende bir jylda bir otbasy 200 keli jemis-jiydek paydalan­ghan jaghdayda 200 000 000 keli bolady eken. Al osy ónimder­ding әr kelisinde orta eseppen 150 tengeden alyp kóreyik, sonda 200 000 000 * 150 = 30 000 000 000 (otyz milliard) tengening jemis-jiydekterin joghaltqan bolyp shyghamyz.

Búghan jyl sayyn әr otbasynyng ýilerin jylytugha ketken otynyn (gaz, mazut, diyzeli otyny, kómir, aghash, elektr energiyasyn) qosynyz. Balabaqshalar, mektepter, densaulyq saqtau mekemeleri, qarttar ýileri men basqa da memlekettik mekeme­lerding paydalanghan energo­kóz­derin qarjymen eseptep kóriniz. Osy úshyrulardan payda bolghan suyq­tardyng әserinen tuyndaytyn túmau jәne basqa da aurulardy emdeuge ketken dәri-dәrmekterge ketken halyqtyng shyghynyn kim kóte­redi? Al osy kosmostyq úshyrulardan keyin payda bolatyn dauyldar men qarly borandardyng zardaptaryn jonggha, qar basqan ýiler men avto jәne temirjoldardy arshugha ketken shyghyndar qansha bolady? Jabayy andardyng (aq­bóken, kiyik, arqar, tauteke, jayran t.b.) kóktemde tóldep jatqanda ýsip ólgen sharana-jandyqtaryn kim eseptep jatyr?

Bayqonyrdy ýkimetimiz 50 jylgha Reseyge jalgha berdi. Olar­dan alatyn jyldyq aqy bar bolghany 115 million AQSh dollaryn qúraydy. Jogharyda atap ótken jalpy shyghyndardyng bәrin qosqanda, búl aqynyng týkke de túrmaytyndyghy belgili. Aumaghy alty myng sharshy shaqyrymnan astam jerdi alyp jat­qan Bayqonyr kosmodromynan qazaq eline býgingi kýnderi ziyannan basqa eshbir payda týsip jatqan joq. Qasiretti kóp kórgen kópúltty hal­qymyz qashanghy basqa elding zerthanasyndaghy tәjiriybe ýshin jaralghan kójekterding kýiin keshe beredi? Osy elding egesi bar ma, bar bolsa, nege ony, yaghny Nazarbaev myrzany aldymen elding mýd­desi oilandyrmaydy? Adam balasyna kýndelikti nanynan basqa, taza aua, taza su, ekologiyalyq jaghynan taza ónimder kerek emes pe?

Amerikadan bastap, kosmostyq derjavalar kosmodromdaryn teniz jaghasyna, múhit ortasyndaghy araldar men atolldargha ornalastyrady, sebep - jogharyda aitylghan jalpy ekologiyalyq zardaptardy meylinshe azaytu. Atlant múhity jaghasynda ornalasqan Florida shtatyndaghy kosmodromnan úshqan әrbir kosmos kemesine amerikandyq «NASA» sol shtatqa 85 million dollar ekologiyalyq ótemaqy tó­leydi.

Resey qúrlyqtardaghy kosmodromdardyng tabighat pen tirshilik­ting qas jauy ekenin eskerip, óz jerindegi kosmodromdaryn Qiyr Shyghystaghy «Svobodnyi» eldi mekenine, al Arhangelisk oblysyndaghy «Pliyses­kini» teniz jaghalaryna ornalastyrghan. Al qúrlyqtaghy «Bayqonyr» óz jeri bolmaghandyqtan, әri ony paydalanu arzan­gha týsetin­dik­ten, sonymen birge qazaqtardyng ekologiyalyq tanymy tayyzdyghyn paydalanyp, Resey oiyna kelgenin isteude. «Rosaviakosmos» agent­tigi 2010 jylgha deyin «Bayqonyr» jeri­nen kommersiyalyq úshyrulardan 40 mlrd. AQSh dollarynan astam payda tabudy josparlaghan bolatyn.

Sonshama ziyan keltirip jat­qan kosmodromdy Resey-ge 50 jylgha jalgha berudi sozghan óki­me­timiz qanday maqsatty negizge aldy degen zandy súraq tuady osyndayda. Bizding biylik basshylarymyz da, biznesmender de ekologiyasy nashar Qazaqstanda emes, alys shetelderde demalys­taryn ótkizetinin mer­zim­di BAQ-nan estip te, kórip te jýrmiz. Al ekologiyalyq qiyn zardaptardy sol aimaqtarda kedey­shilik jaghda­yynda túratyn, kýnde­likti rasiondary nan men shaydan túratyn, toyyp tamaq ishpeytin, qarapayym halyq tartuda.

Býgingi kýnderi eski, esepten shygharylghan, qoldanu merzimde­ri әldeqashan ótip ketken qorshaghan ortagha asa qauipti, salmaghy 700 tonnadan astam «Satana», «Pro­ton­dardy», salmaqtary 300 tonnalyq «Soyzdy», 459 tonnalyq «Zenitti», 207 tonnalyq «Dneprdi», 2360 tonnalyq «Energiya - Burandy» jәne bas­qa da asa auyr әskery zymyrandardy qazaq jerinen úshyrugha tyiym salatyn uaqyt jetti dep esep­teymiz. Ótken jyly, yagh­ny 2008 jyldyng 6 qyrkýiek ký­ni «Proton-M» raketasy, qúday saqtap, Jezqazghannan 40 shaqyrym jerge asyp baryp qúlady. Songhy 6 jylda búl ra­ketalar 10 ret qúlasa, endi әbden tozyghy jetip eskirgen bú­lardyng qúlauy endigi jerde jiyiley bermek. Jogharydaghy jaylardy qoryta aitqanda, elimiz­din, jerimizdin, memleketimiz­ding eko­logiyalyq qauip­siz­digin qamtamasyz etip saqtau ýshin, tómen­degi is-sharalardy jýzege asyru qajet:

Elimizde ornalasqan «Bayqonyr» kosmodromynan jәne Sa­ryshaghan, Embi, Múghadjar jәne bas­qa da Reseyge jalgha berilgen raketalyq-әskery poligondardan Resey­ding «Proton», «Zeniyt», «Soiyz», «Dnepr» tiptes jәne geptil otynyn qolda­na­tyn basqa da auyr zymyrandaryn úshyrugha qatang tyiym salu;

«Bayqonyr» kosmodromynda kezekshilikte túrghan Reseyding barlyq strategiyalyq yadrolyq zymyrandarynyng jә­ne joyylugha tiyisti «Satana» zymyrandarynyng barlyghyn, onyng komponentterimen qosyp, Qaz­aq­stannan tys jerge әkettiru;

Qazaqstannyng kez kelgen jerinde ornalasqan «Bayqonyrdan» úshatyn kosmos pen basqa da zymyrandarda paydalanugha tiyisti ottegini auadan bólip alatyn qondyrghylardyng júmystaryna tyiym salu. Onyng ornyna sudy elektrolizben ydyratyp, ottegi alu qondyrghylaryn iske qosudy úsynu;

«Bayqonyr» kosmodromy әser eter (Qazaqstannyng 70 payyz jerin qamtidy) aimaghyn «Ekologiyalyq apatty aimaq!» - dep jariyalap, búl aimaqtardyng túrghyndary men qorshaghan ortagha tiygizgen orasan zor zardaptary ýshin, Reseyden ekologiyalyq ótemaqy tóleudi halyqaralyq sotqa deyin berip, talap etu;

Ol aimaqtardyng әrbir túrghynynyng densaulyghyn qalpyna keltiru ýshin jәne radiasiya, týrli auytqular men anemiyadan saqtandyru maqsatynda kýndelikti tamaq rasiondaryna jarty litr tomat shyryny men basqa da kókónisterdi qostyrudy memleket tarapynan jýzege asyru;

«Bayqonyr» kosmodromyna tó­le­netin aqyny, onyng ekologiyalyq ahualdargha әserin jәne jogharydaghy aitylghan mәselelerdi jýzege asyrugha ketken barlyq shyghyndardy qo­sa eseptep, qayta qarap, onyng mól­sherin tez arada kóbeyttiru;

«Bayqonyr» ailaghy men osy әskery keshenning әseri bar barlyq aimaqtargha ghylym men tehnikanyng songhy jetistikte­rimen jaraqtandyrylghan ekologiyalyq zerthanalar ornalastyryp, әsirese aua qúramyn túraqty týrde baqylaudy jýzege asyru;

Kosmodrom ailaghy men av­to jәne temirjoldar boyyna, ýl­ken qalalar ainalasyna ottegini kóp bólip shygharatyn, shólge tózimdi qaraghaylar men to­ranghyl, terek siyaqty aghashtar men basqa da bútalardy kóptep ósirudi jýzege asyru ýshin, memleket dengeyinde baghdarlama qabyldau;

Osy manyzdy is-sharalardy tez arada qolgha alu jәne búlardy oryndau - qorshaghan ortamyzdy, jerimizdi, eng bastysy, elimizdi, keleshek úrpaghymyzdy aman saqtap qaludyng basty kepili bolmaq.

J.Ótegen, E.Perneev, N.Ámirova, A.Kýmisbek, I.Bayjanov, Q.Mahan, N.Shynbaev, J.Seytimbet, Sh.Pirmat, H.Rahmanberdiyev, K.Baqbergenov, T.Qanaev jәne taghy basqalar.

Shymkent qalasy

«Obshestvennaya pozisiya»

(proekt «DAT» № 10 (47) ot 10 marta 2010 g.