Aldymen atap óter jayt atalmysh oqigha әdebiyet tarihynda mýlde belgisiz dýnie emes. Enlik-Kebek oqighasy turaly alghash maghlúmat merzimdi baspasóz betinde 1892 jyly “Dala ualayaty” gazetinde 29,31,34-40 sandarynda “Qazaqtardyng esterinen ketpey jýrgen bir sóz” degen atpen jariyalandy. Sonyna “Úmytylghan” degen býrkenshik at qoyylypty. Múny jazghan Abay Qúnanbaev degen boljam bar. Búl pikirdi algha tartushy ghalym-jazushy Múhtar Maghauiyn. Al “Úmytylghan” degen býrkenshik atty Shәkerim Qúdayberdiúly da paydalanghany ayan. Keyinnen búl oqigha 1891 jyly taghy da sol “Dala ualayaty” gazetining 45-50 sandarynda “Qazaq turasynan hikaya” degen taqyryppen jaryq kórdi.
Enlik-Kebek oqighasyna arnap Abay tapsyrmasy boyynsha kezinde Maghauiya Abayúly Qúnanbaev “Enlik-Kebek”, Shәkerim Qúdayberdiúly “Jolsyz jaza” atty dastandar jazghan. Songhy dastan 1912 jyly Semey qalasyndaghy “Jәrdem” baspahanasynan jeke kitapsha bolyp jaryq kórgen.
“Dala ualayaty” gazetining betterinde basylghan әngimede matay qyzy Enlikting aittyryp qoyghan jeri – Kerey eli dep keltirilgen. Enlikti alyp qashqan Kebek ekenin bilgen mataylar Tobyqty jaghyna súrau salsa da, keyingi jaq bәtualasudan bas tartady. Ýsh ay olar eshqanday mәmile úsynbaydy. Tauy shaghylghan mataylar kereylerge barady. Olar: “Enlikti qashyrghan qyzdyng әkesi, búl sharuany ózdering sheshinder”, – dep búlang qúiryqqa salady.

Aldymen atap óter jayt atalmysh oqigha әdebiyet tarihynda mýlde belgisiz dýnie emes. Enlik-Kebek oqighasy turaly alghash maghlúmat merzimdi baspasóz betinde 1892 jyly “Dala ualayaty” gazetinde 29,31,34-40 sandarynda “Qazaqtardyng esterinen ketpey jýrgen bir sóz” degen atpen jariyalandy. Sonyna “Úmytylghan” degen býrkenshik at qoyylypty. Múny jazghan Abay Qúnanbaev degen boljam bar. Búl pikirdi algha tartushy ghalym-jazushy Múhtar Maghauiyn. Al “Úmytylghan” degen býrkenshik atty Shәkerim Qúdayberdiúly da paydalanghany ayan. Keyinnen búl oqigha 1891 jyly taghy da sol “Dala ualayaty” gazetining 45-50 sandarynda “Qazaq turasynan hikaya” degen taqyryppen jaryq kórdi.
Enlik-Kebek oqighasyna arnap Abay tapsyrmasy boyynsha kezinde Maghauiya Abayúly Qúnanbaev “Enlik-Kebek”, Shәkerim Qúdayberdiúly “Jolsyz jaza” atty dastandar jazghan. Songhy dastan 1912 jyly Semey qalasyndaghy “Jәrdem” baspahanasynan jeke kitapsha bolyp jaryq kórgen.
“Dala ualayaty” gazetining betterinde basylghan әngimede matay qyzy Enlikting aittyryp qoyghan jeri – Kerey eli dep keltirilgen. Enlikti alyp qashqan Kebek ekenin bilgen mataylar Tobyqty jaghyna súrau salsa da, keyingi jaq bәtualasudan bas tartady. Ýsh ay olar eshqanday mәmile úsynbaydy. Tauy shaghylghan mataylar kereylerge barady. Olar: “Enlikti qashyrghan qyzdyng әkesi, búl sharuany ózdering sheshinder”, – dep búlang qúiryqqa salady.
Taghy da eki-ýsh ay ótedi. Tobyqtylar jongharlarmen shayqasta jýrgen Kebekting nemere aghasy Toqtamys batyrdyng keluin kýteyin dep taysaqtay beredi. Tobyqtylardyng múnday enjarlyghyna namystanghan mataylar óre týregeldi. Olargha sybandar qosylady. Sóitip, mataylar jaghy Enlik pen Kebekti ústap beruin, ekeuing de ólim jazasyna kesiluin talap etedi.
Zamanymyzdyng zanghar jazushysy Múhtar Omarhanúly Áuezov 1917 jyly Eraly jazyghynda qoyghan “Enlik-Kebek” piesasynyng negizine Shәkerimning jogharyda atalghan dastandaghy ýlgini arqau etken. Búl turaly sol kezdegi merzimdi baspasóz betterinde “IYgilikti is” dep basylghan mynaday qysqasha habar-maqala jariyalanypty:
“Ótken mamyr aiynyng ayaghynda bir jerde otyrghan Abaydyng on shaqty úlynyng on tórt, on bes jasy iygilik maqsatpen bir úiym ashty.
Úiym aty “Talap” boldy. Úiymgha kirgen talapty jigitterding aldy jýz onbes tengeden yqtiyarly jarna salyp, bes jýz tenge aqsha jinady. Búdan basqa úiym mýsheleri ay sayyn ýsh tengeden berip, úiym qazynasyn toltyra beruge mindetti boldy.
Búl úiymnyng ashylghandaghy әzirgi kózdegen maqsaty, әlderi kelgenshe kitap bastyra bermek. Onan song búl úiym jigitteri Shәkerim qajynyng “Enlik-Kebek” dastanyn sahna týrine ainaldyryp, Túraghúl Qúnanbaev myrzanyng bir qyz úzatqan toyynda kórsetilim jasap, oiyn kórsetti. Múny istegendegi paryzy – jinalghan aqshasyn Qúljadaghy ash-jalanashtargha jibermek edi.
Eki ýy qatarlastyryla tigildi. Biylet qúny elu tiyn boldy. Oiyn bastalar aldynda seminarist Múhtar Áuezov piesa kórsetilimining maqsaty turaly sóz sóilep, bolar ispen tanystyrdy”.
(“Saryarqa” gazeti, №2, 1917 jyl, 19 shilde).
Ár ónerding óz qisyny men shyndyghy bar. Mataylar jaghynyng óktemdigin ósire kórsetu ýshin M.Áuezov saharanyng Kengirbay syndy kesek sóz iyesine qarsy oghan dәrejeles óz ortasynyng kókjaly Espembet biydi oidan qosyp kórermen aldyna shygharady. Dәl osynday maqsatpen esh qatysy joq batyr Esendi Enlikke “әmenger” etip, ony Kebekke “óltirtedi”. Anyghynda jogharyda keltirilgen “Dala ualayaty” gazetining eki basylymynda da Esenning de, Espembetting de esimderi kezdespeydi. Búlarda Enlik pen Kebekten basqa tórt adamnyng attary ghana atalady. Olar: Toqtamys – Kebekting atalas aghasy, Qabanbay batyr – Enlikting tughan naghashysy, Nysan – abyz jәne tobyqty bii – Kengirbay.
Piesadaghy oqighanyng ýdep baryp, barynsha asqynghan sharyqtau shegi nayman men tobyqty biylerining toqaylasularyn beyneleytin sahnalyq kórinis. Búl tartys, әsirese, Kóbey men Espembet arasynda qatty shiryghady. Eki by de aghyp túr. Sózderi jattandy, jasyq emes. Kerisinshe, qorghasyn oqtay tiygen jerin oiyp, tesip jatqan sózder. Aspanda shapshyghan ashu da, qapiyada jol tapqan tapqyrlyq ta, órisi biyik oy da, búltartpas qisyn da, kegejeden tartqan kesirlik te – bәri bar. Qysqasy, qiyr-tyrtysty harakterlerdi dәl beyneleytin tamasha dramalyq til.
Amal ne, sózding mayyn tamyzghanmen, keseldi týiin sheshilip, kerding moyyny kesilerge kelgende Kóbey taban tirep túra almaydy. Espembet salmaghymen basyp, aqyry Kebekti Enlikpen qosa qúrbandyqqa shalady. Dramanyng janr ereksheligi, sahna sharty osyny talap etti. Kórkemdik túspal әserli shyghuy ýshin Kengirbay men Kóbey sekildi tobyqtynyng túlghaly biylerin degenine kóndiretin, óktem sóilep, qos ghashyqty qatygez jazagha tartatynday qatal da bedeldi qarsylas jaghymsyz keyipker kerek boldy.
Dәl osynday tәuekelge Áuezov eriksiz barghan. Onsyz piesa tolyqqandy bolyp shyqpay, tartys ta solghyndap, tek anyz retinde qalady. Mine, osy arada dramaturg oiyna Espembet esimi oralady. Shyndyghynda Enlik-Kebek oqighasynyng aldy-artynda, qalyng nayman ishinde Espembet atty by bolmaghan. Kerisinshe, dәl osy attas batyr sol kezde ómir keshkenin keybir derekter dәleldeydi.
Endeshe, Áuezov piesasyndaghy Espembet kim? Qay dәuirde ómir keshken?
“Sahnadaghy biylerding aitysyn, olardyng kelege týsken kezindegi is-әreketterin, ortagha qamshy tastay berip kezek alatynyn, ara biyding ózin qalay ústau kerektigin, tipti, olardyng sózderi men tehnologiyalyq dayyndyghyn Múhtargha aityp jazdyrghan Túraghúl ekenin eskersek, Espembet esimin ataghan da sol dep kýmәnsiz senuge bolady”.
Búl derekti túnghysh izdep tabushy jәne әdeby ainalymyna týsirushi – múhtartanu salasynda ayanbay ter tógip jýrgen jas synshy Túrsyn Júrtbaev. (M.Áuezov shygharmalarynyng elu tomdyghy, 1 tom, Almaty, “Ghylym”, 1997, 420-421 better).
Endeshe, aldymen Túraghúldyng kim ekenin atap ótken jón. Túraghúl Abayúly Qúnanbaev (1876-1934) – Abaydyng ekinshi әieli Áygerimnen tughan úly. Aqylbay, Ábdirahman, Maghauiya syndy aghalaryna úqsaghan búl da kezinde sauaty basym, әdebiyetti sýigish jan. Ol M.Gorikiyding “Chelkash”, A.Neverovtyng “Men ómirge jerikpin”, Djek Londonnyng “Balalar turaly ertegi” atty әngimelerin orysshadan qazaqshagha audaryp bastyrtyp shyghartqan. Ákesi, aghalary dýniyeden ótkennen keyingi uaqytta el ortasynyng sózine aralasqan Túraghúl jas Múhtargha әkesi Abay jayynda, alys-jaqyn el tarihy turaly birtalay tanymdyq әngimeler aita jýrse kerek. Keybir derekterge qaraghanda, M.Áuezov “Enlik-Kebek” piesasyn jazghan kezde oghan kelisti kenesshi bolghandardyng biri – osy Túraghúl eken.
Ádilinde, Espembet – halyq arasynda anyzgha ainalghan Abylayhan batyrlarynyng biri bolghan. Asqan mergen, sadaqshy bolyp, barlau tobyn basqarghan, bar ómirin at ýstinde ótkizgen erjýrek adam. Kezinde tapqyrlyghy men ójettiligi ýshin Abylay men Qazybek by oghan “Adaq” degen at bergen. Sondyqtan da bolar, 19 ghasyrdaghy qazaq auyz әdebiyetining kórnekti ókilderining biri, Espembetke birtaban jaqyn aqyn Dulat Babatayúly (1802-1871) “Espembet” atty úzaq dastan jazyp ketken. Búl dastan:
Er Espembet keshegi,
Erekshe edi desedi.
Til bitkenning shesheni,
Ýlgi aitsa kósheli,
Jaugha shapsa kósemi, – dep bastalsa,
Óle-ólgenshe el boldy,
Espembetting armany.
Espembettey er qayda,
Er kýtetin el qayda, – dep ayaqtalatyn búl úzaq jyrda basynan ayaghyna deyin batyr Espembet erligi asqan shabytpen kelisti kestelenedi.
Dulattyng Espembetke bir taban jaqyn deuimizding de salmaqty sebebi bar. Óitkeni, dastannyng bas keyipkeri Espembet te, ony jyrgha qosushy Dulat ta Ayagóz ónirining tumasy. Eger múny terendete taratsaq ekeui de Orta jýzdegi Nayman ruynyng Qarakerey degen tobynan taraytyn Syban әuletinen shyqqandar. Búdan bergisin biliktesek batyr Espembet te, aqyn Dulat ta osy sybannyng Jarasqúl degen úlynyng úrpaqtary. Espembet Jarasqúlgha nemere bolsa, Dulat onyng shóberesi. Óitkeni, Dulattyng ýlken әkesi Dosym men Espembet bir kisi – Qoybas balalary. (“Aqtaylaq biy”, Jurnalist studiyasy, Almaty, 1991, 89 bet). Qysqasha qayyryp aitqanda, Espembet osy әuletting 18 ghasyrdaghy túlghaly tumasy bolsa, Dulat onyng 19 ghasyrdaghy parasatty perzenti.
Ózinen 80-90 jylday búryn tuyp, bar sanaly ómirin el qorghaugha arnaghan Espembetting sol ómirin Dulat óreli óleng órnegine arqau etken. Dastanda bayandalghanday, Espembetting әkesi Qoybas jonghar basqynshylyghynda qaza tabuyna baylanysty ol jeti jasynan bastap tughan naghashysy Uaq ruynyng belgili batyry Er Qosaydyng tәrbiyesinde bolady. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde Espembet on tórt jasynda-aq at ýstinde shauyp kele jatqanda tartqan sadaq oghy mýlt ketpes mergen, jekpe-jekke shyqqanda úrghan jerin syndyratyn, qimylyna kóz ilespes nayzager de joyqyn kýsh iyesi bola bastaydy.
On tórt jasynan asqanda Espembet qartayghan naghashysy Er Qosaygha ózining tughan jerine qaytqysy keletinin aitady. Naghashysy jiyenining búl tilegine qarsy bolmay shyn qabyldap, ózi qúlynynan tandap ósirgen Aqbórte qúnandy mingizip, er qaruyn asyndyryp, batasyn berip attandyrady. Búl qazaq pen qalmaq jaugershiligining әli de tolastamay túrghan kezi bolsa kerek.
Tuystarynyng bәri jaumen shayqasyp jýrgende ózining auyldaghy bala-shagha ortasynda boluyn namys sanaghan Espembet te joryqqa attanady. Az uaqyt ishinde-aq onyng úrystary úshqyr qimylyna tez qanyqqan atalas tuysy, qartayynqyrap qalghan Aqtamberdi batyr oghan óz orny – Abylay әskerindegi Nayman jasaghyn basqarudy senip tapsyrady.
Jaugershilik kezinde tughan Espembet bar ómirin joryqta ayaqtaydy. Ol “Aqtaban shúbyryndy” ayaqtalghan song da Abylay qasynda jasaq basy bolyp qalady da, han sarayymen qosa Týrkistangha keledi. Al Aqtamberdi bastaghan óz jerlesteri Arqa jaqqa Ayagózge qaytady.
Espembet úzaq jasamaghan desedi. Anyghy – úrysta qaza tapqan. Ziraty Tashkent jaqta degen de anyz bar. Espembetting keybir úrpaqtary Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysynyng býgingi Ayagóz ónirining Aqshatau, Mynbúlaq jerlerinen kezdesip qalady.
Espembet turaly taghy bir әdeby derek – aqyn Sәken Seyfullinning “Kókshetau” poemasyndaghy Adaq batyr – osy Espembet (M.Áuezov shygharmalarynyng 50 tomdyghy, 1 tom, Almaty,”Ghylym” baspasy, 1997, 422 bet). Osy poemanyng “Adaq” degen tarauynda:
Kýreste qalyng qoldy adaqtaghan,
Maydanda betine jau qaratpaghan.
Sondyqtan Adaq degen esim alyp,
Er edi atyna kir janatpaghan, – dep Sәken Seyfullin de Espembetti Abylay han batyrlarynyng ishindegi eng mergeni, aq bereni ekenin madaqtay jyrgha qosqan. Óitkeni, osy poemadaghy Abylay hannyng qasyndaghy barlyq batyrlarynyng ishinde anyq atymen atalyp, tútqyngha týsken qalmaq qyzynyng shartymen Oqjetpesting basyna ilingen aq oramalgha “oq jetkizip” atyp týsirgen de, qyz júmbaqtarynyng bәrin derlik dúrys sheship, onyng astyna at mingizdirtip, eline qaytaryluyna sebepker bolghan da osy jalghyz Adaq – Espembet.
Kórkem shygharmalardaghy shyndyq qansha qúndy bolghanymen ómirlik shyndyqtyng qasiyeti barynsha basym. “Platon mening dosym, biraq shyndyq odan da qymbat” deydi emes pe. Sondyqtan da Enlik-Kebek oqighasy kezinde Kengirbay men Espembetting kelege týsui mýmkin emes. Espembet jau jaghadan alghanda auylda qalghan Batagóy biylerding qataryna jatqyzugha kelmeytin túlaghay túlgha.
Endeshe, M.Áuezov qalamyndaghy Espembet sol zamannyng saltyna say biylerding shartty jiyntyq túlghasy, jazushy qiyalynyng jemisi deuimiz kerek. Dәl osynday pәtuәli pikirdi Seyfullinning “Kókshetau” poemasyndaghy batyr Adaqqa da arnap aitugha bolady. Búl, әriyne, eki suretkerding jazyp ketken shygharmalarynyng manyzy men olardyng qazaq әdebiyetindegi ornyna eshbir ziyany tiymesi anyq mәsele.

Ghabit ZÚLHAROV, búrynghy múraghat qyzmetkeri, Qazaqstan Jurnalister odaghynyng mýshesi
«Týrkistan» gazeti 28 mamyr 2009 jyl