“Týrkistan” gazetining 15-sanynda (16 sәuir, 2009 jyl) “Keshegimizdi úlyqtamay, keleshegimizde bayan joq” atty maqala jariyalandy. Maqalanyng ózegi - Qazaq handyghynyng qúrylghan kýnin Qazaq memlekettigining kýni etip belgileu qajettiligi turaly edi. Osy maqala ayasynda tarihshy Zadyhan Qinayatúly qazaq handyghynyng qúrylghan kýnin 1465 jyldyng qazan aiynyng ishi dep belgileuge bolatynyn aitty. Osy orayda senator, akademik Gharifolla Esimning de pikirin bilgendi jón kórdik.
– Qazirgi tanda elimizdegi memlekettik merekelerining ishinen qazaqtyng últtyq tarihynan habar beretin qanday merekeni atap kórsete alasyz?

“Týrkistan” gazetining 15-sanynda (16 sәuir, 2009 jyl) “Keshegimizdi úlyqtamay, keleshegimizde bayan joq” atty maqala jariyalandy. Maqalanyng ózegi - Qazaq handyghynyng qúrylghan kýnin Qazaq memlekettigining kýni etip belgileu qajettiligi turaly edi. Osy maqala ayasynda tarihshy Zadyhan Qinayatúly qazaq handyghynyng qúrylghan kýnin 1465 jyldyng qazan aiynyng ishi dep belgileuge bolatynyn aitty. Osy orayda senator, akademik Gharifolla Esimning de pikirin bilgendi jón kórdik.
– Qazirgi tanda elimizdegi memlekettik merekelerining ishinen qazaqtyng últtyq tarihynan habar beretin qanday merekeni atap kórsete alasyz?
– Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng memlekettik merekelerining ishinde qazaqtyng tarihynan keng maghlúmat beretini – Nauryz meyramy. Nauryz meyramy búl adamnyng tabighatpen, kosmospen, yaghny býkil әlemmen ýilestigi. Nauryz aiynda Kýn men Týn tenesedi. Búl adamdardyng kýndizgi ómiri men týngi ómirining tenesui degen sóz. Demek, osy jaghdaygha baylanysty adamdardyng túrmysyna sapaly ózgeshelikter enedi. Nauryz meyramynan keyin birte-birte adamnyng kýndizgi ghúmyry óse beredi. Búl adamnyng kәsibine, onyng densaulyghyna, ómir sýru tәrtibine ózgerister engizetin jay. Asa manyzdy ister Nauryz meyramynan keyin bastalghan, sebebi kýndizgi ghúmyr úzaryp, jaryq mol bolyp, túrmysqa, kәsipke qolayly jaghdaylar ornaytyn bolghan. Osyghan say, qazaq Nauryz meyramyna qatysty әdet-ghúryptaryn, salt-sanalaryn týzegen. Nauryz meyramynda adamdar bir-birimen kórisip, “aq mol bolsyn” dep jatady. Yaghni, Nauryz meyramymen elge molshylyq enedi degen sóz. Islam dinin qabyldaghannan keyingi qazaq ýshin eleuli mereke – Qúrban ait. Osy eki meyramnyng tabighilyghy adamdardyng sezimine, sanasyna jәne dýniyetanymyna әserleri mol. Búl meyramdarda adamdar bir-birimen kórisip, “ayt qabyl” bolsyn aitysyp, bir-birine degen eski ókpelerin keshirip, ruhany tazarugha mýmkindikter alady. Áriyne, osy eki meyramdy merekeleude әli de anyqtalmaghan mәseleler bar. Ol eng aldymen, Nauryz meyramyna qatysty. Osy jaghdaylardy eske alyp, Preziydent Nauryz meyramyn ýsh kýn toylaudy óz Jarlyghymen bekitti. Búl qúqyqtyq jaghynan alghanda ong sheshim. Nauryz meyramy – jyl basy, yaghny jana jyl. Biraq bizding túrmysymyzda hristiandyq kýntizbesining jana jyldyq merekesi qalyptasqan. Sondyqtan Nauryz meyramyn tolyqqandy jana jyl dep merekeleu әli de túrmysymyzda sinisti bolmay otyr. Búl ziyaly qauymnyng oilanatyn mәselesi. Jyl basy – Nauryz meyramy degen sana túrmysymyzgha birte-birte myqtap, mәngilikke ornyghuy qajet.
– Memlekettilikting ózegi ne? Qazaqta memlekettilik bolghan ba? Bastauy qaydan?
– Memlekettilikting ózegi onyng azamattarynda. Memleket jәne azamat bir-birimen birliktegi eki úghym. Azamattyq sana memlekettilikting quaty. Jas úrpaqty azamattyq ruhta tәrbiyeleu memleketting bolashaghyna qatysty is. Qazaqta memleket bolghan ba degen mәselege kelsek, búl maghynasyz saual.
– “Búryn qazaqta memlekettilik bolmaghan” degen pikirdi estip jýrgen shygharsyz. Múnday pikirge qalay toytarys beremiz?
– Qazaq memleketi bolmady degen qanqu sóz. Arnayy maqsatpen aitylatyn sóz. Búl qazaqty kemsitu ýshin oilap tabylghan iydeologiyalyq paradigma. Qazaqta memleketting bolghany eshbir kýdik tughyzbaytyn mәsele. Myrza Haydar Dulaty “Tariyh-y Rashidi” enbeginde 1456 jyly Shu ózeni boyynda Qozy Basy degen jerde Qazaq handyghy qúryldy dep jazghan. Mine, osy kezden bastap Resey imperiyasynyng 1822 jylghy “Qazaq dalasyndaghy handyq biylikti joiy turaly” Ýkimine deyin Qazaq memleketi bolghan. Qazaq memleketining jýzdegen jylghy tarihy bar. Qazaq memleketin qúrushy handar Kerey men Jәnibek, onyng ilimshisi – Asan-qayghy bolghan. Qazaq memleketimen birge qazaq etnosy qalyptasty. Búl kezge deyin osy mәndegi qazaq etnosy bolmaghan. Qazaq handyghynyng qúramyna kirgen әrtýrli taypa ókilderi ózderining azamattyq sanasyn “qazaq” degen úghymmen bildirgen. Osy mәnde eng alghashqy qazaqtar Kerey, Jәnibek jәne Asan-qayghylar. Azamat degen qazaq úghymynda qasiyetti sóz, sebebi ol memleketti qúrushy adam degen úghymdy bildiredi. Azamat degen tek ózining jeke basynyng qamyn oilaytyn emes, el qamyn, el taghdyryn, yaghny memleket taghdyryn oilay alatyn adamdy aitqan. Sondyqtan qazaqtar er balalarynyng attaryn osynday izgi ýmitpen “Azamat” dep ataghan. Azamat dep atanu adamnyng óz tәuelsizdigine jetui. Adamnyng óz tәuelsizdigine jetui degen sóz, onyng el mýddesin týsine alatyn, soghan say qyzmet atqara alatyn jaghdayyna qatysty aitylady. Azamat atanu әrkimning qolynan keletin is emes. Dәstýrli qoghamda azamat dep iri isterimen aishyqtalghan, kisiligi bar, adamshylyghy mol jandardy aitqan. Azamat atanu әrbir er adamgha syn bolghan, osynday sana memleketting bastauy. Qazaq handyghynyng qúramyna engen әrtýrli taypa ókilderi endigi jerde ózderining bir el, bir halyq, bir memleket bolghandyghyn azamattyghy arqyly bildirip, ózderine ortaq at “qazaq” degendi iyelengen. Endigi jerde qazaqtar tek Qazaq handyghynyng qúramyna engen taypa ókilderining ortaq atauyna ainalghan. Sóitip, tarihta týrki tektes jana etnos – qazaq etnosy, qazaq halqy qalyptasqan. Osy sana Resey imperiyasynyng qúramyna engenge deyin halyqtyng tútastyghyn bildiretin etnos úghymy bolyp keldi. Abaydyng “qalyng elim, qazaghym”, – dep aityp otyrghany osynday jay. Otarshylar osy bir memleketke toptasqan adamdardyng azamattyq sanasyn әlsiretip, odan keyin birte-birte mýldem joyyp jiberu ýshin aila-tәsilder qoldanghan. Sonyng eng bastylary – birinshiden, Qazaqstan territoriyasyn birneshe guberniyalargha bólgen. Guberniya basynda Reseyding general-gubernatorlary otyrghan. Búl әskery әkimshilik bolatyn. Osynday sayasattyng nәtiyjesinde qazaq elining tútastyghy, yaghny sayasy tútastyghy joyylyp, sonymen birge qazaq memlekettigi joyylghan. Ekinshiden, Resey otarshylary qazaq halqynyng azamattyq tútastyghyn jongda etnos tabighatyndaghy segmentterdi qayta oyatu әreketine kirisken. Búl olargha óte tiyimdi tәsil edi. Jәne, osy tәsil kóp kýdirtpey, ózining nәtiyjelerin bere bastady. Ol memleket bolghangha deyingi, yaghny qazaq handyghyna deyingi bolghan taypalyq týsinikterdi qalpyna keltirip, restavrasiya jasap, qazaqtardyng azamattyq birligin әlsiretu maqsatynda rushyldyqty jandandyru. Rushyldyq nemese rugha bólinushilik qazaq etnosy tarihynda ýzilmey kele jatqan dәstýr bolatyn. Búl handyq dәuirde eldi basqarudyn, eldi esepke aludyn, ony retteuding jәne aimaqtargha shoghyrlandyrudyng tәrtibine qolayly tәsil edi. Keyin qazaqtargha ortaq azamattyq birlik joyyla bastaghan kezde, rulyq toptasu el bolyp toptasudan góri manyzdy iske ainala bastady. Osy qazaq etnosynyng ereksheligin paydalana otyryp, qazaq halqyn jiktep basqaruda orys chinovnikteri aituly tabysqa jetti. Ýshinshiden, qazaq halqynyng azamattyq birliginin, yaghny memlekettik birligining irgetasy Bolat hannyng kezinen bastap shayqala bastady. Jongharlarmen jýz jyldyq soghysta әbden qaljyraghan qazaq halqy jәne onyng әlsiregen memlekettik jýiesi, onyng ýstine Bolat hannyng jeke basynyng dәrmensizdigi qazaq dalasyn ýsh aimaqqa bólip, basqaru jýiesining tiyimdiligi angharyla bastady. Sóitip, tarih sahnasynda aimaqtyq biyler: Áyteke bi, Qazybek bi, Tóle by siyaqty asqaq túlghalar payda boldy. Qazaq memleketine ortaq han isin ýsh by jýrgize bastady. Búl handyq instituttyng әlsirep, qazaq halqynyng azamattyq birligining ydyray bastaghandyghynyng aighaqty kórinisi edi. Qazaq halqynyng azamattyq birligi, tútastyghy sayasy mәnde kýshin joyghanymen, Qazan tónkerisine deyin “qazaq” degen úran Kýn tәrtibinen týsken joq. Múnyng basty sebebi – handyq dәuirde qalyptasqan Jer-úiyq iydeyasynyn, azamattyq iydeyanyn, yaghny qazaq bolu iydeyasynyng (qargha tamyrly qazaq) quaty keyingi otarshyldyq jyldarda saqtalyp, múra retinde bizge jetti.
– Qazaq handyghynyng qúrylghan kezenin qazaq memlekettigining bastauy dep alyp, bir kýndi belgilep (shartty týrde bolsa da), memlekettik mereke retinde atap ótu turaly úsynysqa qalay qaraysyz?
– Áriyne, Qazaq handyghy qúrylghan kýndi anyqtau kerek, ol bir mәsele. Ekinshiden, Qazaq handyghy ornaghan tarihy mekendi de anyqtau qajet. Ýshinshiden, Qazaq handyghyn qúrghan alghashqy handar – Kerey men Jәnibekting týr-keskinin anyqtap, yaghny suretterin salyp, halyqqa tanymal túlghalar retinde oqulyqtargha jәne de basqa kórnekti oryndargha qoyymyz qajet. Olardyng atynda iri qalalardyng bәrinde eskertkish jәne kóshe boluy mindetti. Mine, sol kezde qazaqta memleket bolghan ba degen jeleu sózder jelmen ketpek. Búl iste bir qiyndyqtar bar. Birinshiden, handyqtyng qúrylghan uaqytyn anyqtau. Ol ýshin tarihshylar ortaq kelisimge kelip, arnayy zertteuler jýrgizilip, qoghamdyq pikirdi dayyndap, Elbasynyng jarlyghymen tarihy data retinde belgileu kerek. Ol halqymyzdyng mereke kýnderining biri bolmaq. Ekinshiden, Qazaq handyghynyng qúrylghan mekeni turaly tarihshylar ishinde pikir-talastar kóp. Búl zandy. Anyghy, Qozy Basy degen jerding Shu ózenining alqabynda bolghany ras. Biraq, Shu ózeni alqabynyng qay túsynda. Osy mәsele etnografiyalyq, arheologiyalyq, ghylymy zertteulerdi qajet etedi. Sebebi, ol jer anyqtalghan song mindetti týrde eskertkish qoyylmaq. Búl kýn alys emes, búl mәselening sheshiletinine mening senimim mol. Biraq, osy isti mýmkindiginshe ghylymiy-tarihy dәldikpen jýrgizgen dúrys.
– Qazirgi qazaqty ne biriktire alady dep oilaysyz?
– Qazirgi qazaqtardy qazaq bolu iydeyasy biriktire alady. Qazaq bolu degen sóz jogharyda aitqan halqymyzdyng azamattyq birligine, tútastyghyna qatysty. Bizding ata-babalarymyz birneshe ghasyr boyy qazaq bolyp ghúmyr keshken. Demek, qazaq bolu bizding qanymyzda, tarihymyzda, túrmysymyzda, dýniyetanymymyzda bolghan. Mәsele, osy asyl qasitterdi tәuelsiz Qazaqstan jaghdayynda janghyrtuymyz kerek. Qazaq bolu renessanstyq iydeya, yaghny janghyru iydeyasy. Árbir býgingi kýnning jana qazaghy ózin dәstýrli qazaqpen, yaghny ata-babasynyng ólshemderimen ólshep, órkeniyetting ýrdisine ilesetin asyl qasiyetterdi alyp, azamattyq sanasyn jana týsinik-úghymdarmen kemeldendirip, qazaq bolyp ómir sýrui kerek.

Ángimelesken Gýlbighash OMAROVA
«Týrkistan» gazeti 28 mamyr 2009 jyl